Agroforestry: Definition, classification
Agroforestry: Definition, classification
Agroforestry: Definition, classification
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John S. Latsis Benefit Foundation<br />
International Summer School 2011<br />
“Mediterranean <strong>Agroforestry</strong> and its Role in the<br />
Present Environmental Challenges”<br />
4-15 July 2011, Athens, Greece<br />
<strong>Agroforestry</strong>: <strong>Definition</strong>, <strong>classification</strong><br />
Vasilios P. Papanastasis<br />
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Meaning of <strong>Agroforestry</strong><br />
A collective term for land use systems and technologies in<br />
which woody perennials (trees and / or shrubs) are<br />
(deliberately) combined on the same management unit with<br />
herbaceous crops and / or animals<br />
Distinctive features:<br />
• system<br />
• polyculture<br />
• woody perennials<br />
• unlimited combinations<br />
• sustainability<br />
• fulfills socio-economic needs
Related Terms to <strong>Agroforestry</strong><br />
Alternative agriculture<br />
Sustainable agriculture<br />
Regenerative agriculture<br />
Least-input agriculture<br />
Organic farming<br />
Home gardens<br />
Perennialism
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> vs. conventional agriculture
History of <strong>Agroforestry</strong><br />
Traditional practice<br />
Prominent in the Mediterranean region<br />
New science<br />
Model for development<br />
Green revolution<br />
Adapted to the needs of the people
History of <strong>Agroforestry</strong><br />
• ICRAF- International Center for Research in <strong>Agroforestry</strong><br />
(1978) in Nairobi, Kenya<br />
• In 2002, it became the World <strong>Agroforestry</strong> Center<br />
• The science of <strong>Agroforestry</strong> started in New Zealand and<br />
Australia as planted pines with animals<br />
• In 1989, the first international conference in UK for<br />
temperate <strong>Agroforestry</strong><br />
• In the 1990s and 2000s several European research<br />
projects<br />
• In 2005, <strong>Agroforestry</strong> became part of the EU legislation
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> components<br />
Role of trees-products<br />
Timber<br />
Fuelwood<br />
Fenceposts<br />
Charcoal<br />
Fodder<br />
Fruits and nuts<br />
Miscellaneous products
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> components<br />
Role of trees-functions<br />
Absorption of water and nutrients<br />
Nitrogen fixation<br />
Shade<br />
Windbreaks and hedgerows<br />
Boundary markers<br />
Erosion control
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> components<br />
Role of crops-products<br />
Forages<br />
Cereals<br />
Roots<br />
Vegetables<br />
Ornamentals
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> components<br />
Role of crops-functions<br />
Erosion control<br />
Retention of the soil moisture<br />
Mulch and spoil organic matter<br />
Nitrogen fixation
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> components<br />
Role of animals-products<br />
Sheep<br />
Goats<br />
Cattle<br />
Buffalo<br />
Income
<strong>Agroforestry</strong> components<br />
Role of animals-functions<br />
Conversion of plant biomass to animal products<br />
Reduction of fire hazard<br />
Soil manuring<br />
Recycling of nutrients
Ecological processes<br />
Significance<br />
Limiting factors<br />
Light<br />
Water<br />
Nutrients<br />
Interactions<br />
Positive<br />
Negative<br />
Neutral
Ecological processes<br />
Tree-crop interactions<br />
Canopy arrangements<br />
Canopy and root structure<br />
Tree-crop interface<br />
Role of light<br />
Shading effects<br />
Water<br />
Nutrients<br />
Weeds
Ecological processes<br />
Tree-pasture interactions<br />
Silvopastoralism<br />
Types of interaction<br />
Conifer-pasture interaction<br />
Hardwood-pasture interaction
Ecological processes<br />
Tree-animal interactions<br />
Air temperature<br />
Windspeed<br />
Thermal radiation<br />
Solar radiation<br />
Rain<br />
Humidity
Ecological processes<br />
Tree-pasture-animal interactions<br />
Animals in forests<br />
Animals in savannas<br />
Animals in tree-crop plantations<br />
Trees and animals in croplands
Classification<br />
Based on components<br />
Silvoarable<br />
Silvopastoral<br />
Agrosilvopastoral<br />
Other<br />
• Tree lots<br />
• Beekeeping<br />
• Aquaculture
Classification<br />
Based on predominant land use<br />
On agricultural (arable) land<br />
On forest (not cultivated) land
Classification<br />
Based on spatial and temporal arrangement of trees & crops<br />
Spatial<br />
• Mixed dense<br />
• Mixed sparse<br />
• Strip planting<br />
• Boundary<br />
Temporal<br />
• Concurrent<br />
• Sequential
Classification<br />
Based on ecological distribution<br />
Low, middle, high altitudinal zone<br />
Arid, semiarid, sub humid, humid zones<br />
Plain, hilly, mountainous zones
Classification<br />
Based on socio-economic aspects<br />
Commercial<br />
Subsistence<br />
Intermediate
Based on functions<br />
Productive<br />
Habitat<br />
Regulating<br />
Cultural<br />
Classification
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