OCTG N°8 DEF.qxd (Page 1) - VAM Services
OCTG N°8 DEF.qxd (Page 1) - VAM Services
OCTG N°8 DEF.qxd (Page 1) - VAM Services
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THE VALLOUREC & MANNESMANN TUBES MAGAZINE<br />
OIL & GAS DIVISION<br />
April 2008 - No.11<br />
30 years of<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> partnership<br />
Vallourec Group
EDITORIAL<br />
Vallourec’s business in the oil & gas<br />
sector now accounts for almost half<br />
of the Group’s income. This brings<br />
great responsibility for our division<br />
- I have had the pleasure of heading<br />
since January 1st this year - but<br />
it also offers a fantastic opportunity<br />
to operate in an ever-changing<br />
world. The challenge is to keep one<br />
step ahead as markets change<br />
faster and more unpredictably than<br />
ever before: consumption is growing<br />
rapidly; raw materials are getting harder to come by, the number<br />
of market stakeholders is shrinking and exchange rates are fluctuating<br />
wildly.<br />
At a time when oil prices are higher than ever, when the future<br />
of the world's energy supplies is a cause for both concern and<br />
for optimism, and when the environment is never far from the<br />
top of the agenda, our Division is more determined than ever,<br />
not just to meet existing commitments but also to move forward<br />
with our customers as they face the multitude of new challenges<br />
which lie ahead. This determination can be seen in the unprecedented<br />
levels of investment now being made by our Group.<br />
Examples include the creation of <strong>VAM</strong> Drilling, the construction<br />
of new manufacturing plants in China, the announcement of the<br />
acquisition of three companies from Grant Prideco, increases in steel<br />
and tube production capacity in Europe and the highly ambitious<br />
project for a new integrated tube mill in Brazil.<br />
This Brazilian project brings me to the partnership between<br />
Vallourec and Sumitomo which is heavily featured in this issue<br />
of V & M REPORT. This partnership has now lasted for more<br />
than thirty years and its sole purpose has been to develop the<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> family of products throughout the world. It has now reached<br />
a new stage as the two groups come together in the Jaceaba<br />
project which is due to come on stream in 2010. This is good<br />
news for our Division, as the bulk of the output of this massive<br />
complex will be reserved for the oil and gas market!<br />
Although these two large industrial groups work in partnership,<br />
each handles its own marketing activities. The reason why<br />
this relationship has lasted so well and so long is that it is based<br />
on respect, trust and loyalty: values which we hope we will<br />
continue to share with all of our customers.<br />
Pierre Frentzel<br />
Oil & Gas Division Managing Director<br />
CONTENT<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> ® is a registered Trademark of Vallourec Mannesmann Oil & Gas France<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
P.04 - Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
Metals: Partnership stands<br />
the test of time<br />
P.06 - A History of Making<br />
Premium Connections<br />
across Cultures<br />
P.08 - Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
Metals R&D engineer<br />
exchange program:<br />
Gabriel Briquet in the heart<br />
of the partnership<br />
P.10 - <strong>VAM</strong> (Changzhou) Oil and Gas<br />
Premium Equipment Co. Ltd:<br />
Hand in hand with Sumitomo<br />
P.12 - <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Beijing:<br />
Promoting <strong>VAM</strong> in China<br />
P.13 - Vallourec & Sumitomo Tubos<br />
do Brasil Ltda.: Two groups<br />
join forces in ambitious project<br />
P.15 - Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
Metals: 30 years of <strong>VAM</strong><br />
partnership ceremony<br />
PRODUCT APPLICATION<br />
P.18 - V & M TUBES Facilitates<br />
Upsurge in North Sea HP-HT<br />
Activity: Pushing Back the<br />
Boundaries<br />
P.20 - Development of Smart High<br />
Performance: Drill Stem Rotary<br />
Shouldered Connections<br />
SERVICES<br />
P.22 - <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Angola:<br />
Right at the heart of Angola’s<br />
oil industry<br />
EVENTS<br />
P.23 - V & M TUBES sponsored the<br />
10th edition of the Expandable<br />
Technology Forum<br />
P.25 - SPOTLIGHTS<br />
www.vamservices.com - www.vamdrilling.com<br />
Publisher: VALLOUREC & MANNESMANN TUBES - 27, avenue du Général Leclerc, 92660 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex- France - Editorial Team: Hassna Belmalek -<br />
Phone: + 33 1 49 09 35 83 - E-mail: hassna.belmalek@vmtubes.fr - Sylvie Dubois-Decool - Phone: E-mail: sylvie.duboisdecool@vmtubes.fr - Fax: + 33 1 49 09 37 13 - Production:<br />
Zabriskie., Paris - Design: LeGrand8., Paris - Photographs: Thierry Truck, V & M TUBES, VMOGUK, <strong>VAM</strong> USA, <strong>VAM</strong> Drilling, <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou, <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Beijing, Hassna<br />
Belmalek, V & M do Brasil, or as mentioned otherwise - All rights reserved.
<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
Vallourec and Sumitomo Metals<br />
Partnership stands the test of<br />
Thirty years of working together have taught Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
Metals to understand and respect each one’s methods. The two groups have<br />
united their strengths with the single aim of developing business of <strong>VAM</strong><br />
family products throughout the world. We now look back on this solid and<br />
enduring partnership with Alain Lancry, Marketing & Development Director,<br />
and Thierry Noël, General Manager R & D Premium Connections.<br />
Thierry Noël,<br />
General Manager<br />
R & D Premium<br />
Connections.<br />
V & M REPORT: What did Vallourec expect<br />
to gain from an arrangement of this kind<br />
when the original contract with Sumitomo<br />
was signed back in 1976?<br />
Alain Lancry: Our partnership has<br />
now lasted for three decades, and it all<br />
started when we concluded a licensing<br />
agreement with Sumitomo authorizing<br />
them to produce and market<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> connections developed by<br />
Vallourec. Although our Group had<br />
not yet achieved its current international<br />
stature at that time, we were<br />
already having high expectations on<br />
this family of products. It seemed to<br />
us that the quickest and most effective<br />
way to succeed was to enlist the service<br />
of another company to promote<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> products world-wide.<br />
V & M REPORT: And what were Sumitomo<br />
looking for?<br />
Thierry Noël: We had finalized the<br />
design of the <strong>VAM</strong> technology around ten<br />
years earlier and were well ahead of the<br />
field. The licensing agreement saved<br />
Sumitomo the time they needed to develop<br />
a product to compete against us, and<br />
they were very soon able to win a dominant<br />
position in the markets where they<br />
operated. The interests of both groups<br />
coincided perfectly, and this clearly goes<br />
a long way to explain why the partnership<br />
has lasted so long.<br />
V & M REPORT: How has this partnership<br />
evolved over the years?<br />
Thierry Noël: Despite the fact that<br />
Vallourec holds the trademark for <strong>VAM</strong>,<br />
Sumitomo has always been ambitious in<br />
terms of R&D. The two groups signed an<br />
agreement to work together on research<br />
and development in 1985 - nine years after<br />
the original license contract. This arrangement<br />
soon saw the birth of the <strong>VAM</strong><br />
ACE and NEW <strong>VAM</strong> range of connections.<br />
Then as now, the idea was to pool<br />
our human and material resources to develop<br />
connections which deliver high added<br />
value - known as premium connections.<br />
The ongoing relationship with our<br />
Japanese counterparts has been a key feature<br />
of my work in R&D since joining<br />
Vallourec in 1986.<br />
Alain Lancry: We strengthened our<br />
ties even more at that time with the<br />
joint acquisition of a Houston-based<br />
threading company [Ed: 49% held by<br />
Sumitomo, with Vallourec owning<br />
51%]. This initial joint-ownership<br />
scheme did exactly what it was supposed<br />
to do and gave <strong>VAM</strong> a foothold on<br />
the American market. <strong>VAM</strong> USA is<br />
now doing very well (see page 6).<br />
We then went on to buy stakes in PT<br />
Citra Tubindo in Indonesia and in<br />
Vietubes in Vietnam. We have also established<br />
joint offices in Singapore and<br />
Beijing - and have just finished construction<br />
work at <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou,<br />
our new threading plant in China!<br />
V & M REPORT: What does each of the<br />
partners bring to the R&D effort?<br />
Thierry Noël : We have been working<br />
together in areas of common interest<br />
right from the start of our R&D<br />
agreement, and we always try to reach<br />
a consensus. This means that when we<br />
are looking at a new product, we need<br />
to reach agreement on things like geometry,<br />
morphology, dimensions and<br />
performance requirements. French and<br />
Japanese teams are used to moving<br />
ahead on a project at the same time,<br />
with regular reviews to examine progress<br />
on development. This approach<br />
allows us to keep working towards the<br />
goal we have set ourselves, while keeping<br />
a number of options open as to<br />
the best way to get there. This method<br />
has been made even more effective<br />
recently through exchange visits by<br />
young engineers from the two companies'<br />
R&D departments (see page<br />
8).<br />
We are also in the process of setting<br />
up joint project teams.<br />
4<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8
time<br />
V & M REPORT: What about customer<br />
satisfaction?<br />
Alain Lancry: Analysis of the requirements<br />
of our respective customers gives<br />
us a much fuller picture of world<br />
demand and puts us in a position where<br />
we can design and develop the most suitable<br />
products and this participates greatly<br />
to <strong>VAM</strong> customer satisfaction. Our<br />
approaches to longer-term developments<br />
go together quite well as well.<br />
V & M REPORT: How do the Sumitomo<br />
and Vallourec R&D teams keep in touch<br />
with each other in practice?<br />
Thierry Noël: As well as the close contact<br />
we maintain at many levels during<br />
the course of joint development projects,<br />
we also get together for our quarterly<br />
three-day technical meetings, as<br />
well as for the annual technical advisory<br />
committee session. The meetings<br />
generally alternate between Japan and<br />
France, and are sometimes held in the<br />
United States as well - allowing us to<br />
go and see <strong>VAM</strong> USA and visit U.S.<br />
customers.<br />
Alain Lancry: With the large integrated<br />
tube mill project in Brazil, the<br />
new <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou plant, exchange<br />
visits between R&D engineers and -<br />
last but not least - the celebration of<br />
the thirtieth anniversary of our partnership<br />
- this year will have a distinct<br />
Franco-Japanese flavor for both of our<br />
groups!<br />
V & M REPORT: How would you characterize<br />
this relationship?<br />
Thierry Noël: There's no denying that<br />
our respective cultures are very different.<br />
We have all had to respect each<br />
other's way of doing things and accept<br />
our differences to turn this potential<br />
handicap into something positive. The<br />
French tend to take a conceptual approach,<br />
while the Japanese are more handson.<br />
We make changes as we go along:<br />
our partners see things through to the<br />
end. We like to be challenged and at<br />
times can be downright confrontational;<br />
they are looking for unity and harmony.<br />
Neither of these two approaches<br />
is better than the other, and the combination<br />
of the best of each can be awesomely<br />
effective!<br />
V & M REPORT: How do you see this relationship<br />
developing in the future?<br />
Alain Lancry: It's never easy to imagine<br />
what things are going to be like<br />
Alain Lancry,<br />
Marketing & Development Director.<br />
more than a few years ahead, especially<br />
when the future is so closely linked to<br />
the oil and gas market. One thing which<br />
is certain though, is that the days of the<br />
all-purpose connection are well and<br />
truly over, and we are going to see more<br />
and more specialized products to meet<br />
increasingly difficult operating conditions.<br />
This means that the partnership<br />
between Sumitomo and Vallourec still<br />
holds a great deal of promise, particularly<br />
as R & D is concerned.<br />
We are now also involved in a large number<br />
of joint projects, which will culminate<br />
in the creation of a large ultramodern<br />
industrial complex at Jeceaba in<br />
Brazil by 2010. This investment is worth<br />
around 1.6 billion dollars and is testimony<br />
to the mutual trust, the shared<br />
interest and the enjoyment of working<br />
together which enables our two great<br />
companies to cooperate so closely.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong>: a forty-something which still creates a stir<br />
The <strong>VAM</strong> connection is now over forty years old. It owes its name to V for Vallourec combined with the initials of Alexandre<br />
Madrelle, the head of the design team responsible for its creation. Back in the early sixties, the oil industry was looking for a<br />
connection which exceeded the performance capabilities of the API connections in use at the time. The way forward came in a<br />
flash of inspiration in the shape of a tapered end which reinforces the contact pressure on the seal area. The more you tighten,<br />
the better the seal! This is the <strong>VAM</strong> effect - patented in 1965 and still the inspiration for the entire <strong>VAM</strong> family.<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8 5
<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
A History of Making Premium<br />
For the last twenty-three years,<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> USA, thanks to its employees,<br />
has set up the <strong>VAM</strong><br />
standard in North America.<br />
American, French and Japanese team<br />
members support <strong>VAM</strong> growth in<br />
North America, promoting <strong>VAM</strong> products<br />
to the leading oil and gas companies<br />
and providing technical sales<br />
support. Their experience is further<br />
enhanced by the unique and exciting<br />
opportunity to develop an appreciation<br />
of each other’s cultures, strengths and<br />
capabilities.<br />
DIVERSITY MAKES<br />
FOR A RICH CULTURE<br />
From left to right:<br />
Grady Harrison,<br />
Kenji Hanada,<br />
Laurent Dubedout,<br />
Franck Montalvan,<br />
Takahiro Takano.<br />
“This company has long been seen as a<br />
university for talent from both Japan<br />
and France to brush up on their skills<br />
and knowledge of the local market. But<br />
it’s much more than that,” said Grady<br />
Harrison, President, <strong>VAM</strong> USA.<br />
Within the walls of this 50 ha. facility<br />
in Houston, 225 team members—including<br />
American, French, Japanese,<br />
Mexican, Brazilian, and others—are<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> USA is 51% Vallourec and 49%<br />
Sumitomo (34% Sumitomo Metals,<br />
15% Sumitomo Corp.) with an evenly<br />
split Board of Directors. It is the result<br />
of a thirty-year partnership between<br />
French-owned Vallourec and Japaneseowned<br />
Sumitomo who saw the opportunity<br />
to co-develop the world’s leading<br />
premium connections used in the most<br />
extreme conditions. In 1984, they purdeepening<br />
their understanding of each<br />
other. They are not just learning about<br />
obvious cultural differences, they are<br />
also learning about how each approach<br />
and solve problems differently.<br />
Although the language barrier is the<br />
first challenge to overcome, the real fun<br />
starts when team members approach<br />
making decisions. They have totally different<br />
decision-making processes. “The<br />
French are more creative and are quicker<br />
to jump to conclusions. And the<br />
Japanese help us to make the right decisions,<br />
being disciplined in the way we<br />
manage our projects,” observed Laurent<br />
Dubedout, General Manager of<br />
Technical <strong>Services</strong>. Kenji Hanada, Vice<br />
President of Strategic Marketing<br />
agreed, adding that generally speaking,<br />
“The Japanese want to have a complete<br />
plan beforehand. The French are theoretical.<br />
They want to think through<br />
the theory. Americans are positive—just<br />
do it attitude—and learn from the experience.<br />
Every culture has their good<br />
points that we can utilize.”<br />
And it was this sort of unique, multicultural<br />
experience that Takahiro<br />
Takano, R&D General Manager felt<br />
made coming to <strong>VAM</strong> USA an exceptional<br />
opportunity. “Working with my<br />
Japanese colleagues has helped me to<br />
become clearer, to explain things with<br />
greater clarity, and to constantly reformulate,”<br />
admitted Dubedout. “<strong>VAM</strong><br />
USA has a unique culture that understands<br />
and respects those differences<br />
and incorporates the best of both<br />
worlds,” Harrison stated with pride.<br />
PAST, PRESENT,<br />
FUTURE<br />
6<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8
Connections across Cultures<br />
chased OTIS PTS, a company licensed<br />
to thread <strong>VAM</strong> joints. This allowed<br />
both companies to consolidate a U.S.<br />
presence, which they called <strong>VAM</strong> PTS.<br />
At first, <strong>VAM</strong> PTS helped both companies<br />
to establish a “technical embassy”<br />
(as Harrison put it) near their oil and<br />
gas customers headquartered in the<br />
area. With Houston at the heart of the<br />
global <strong>OCTG</strong> market and with threading<br />
at the center of <strong>OCTG</strong>, <strong>VAM</strong><br />
USA’s engineers and managers enjoy<br />
unprecedented access to the world’s<br />
major oil & gas decision makers and<br />
R&D personnel.<br />
This proximity to customers—to better<br />
understand and anticipate their<br />
needs—is one of <strong>VAM</strong> USA’s four major<br />
strategic initiatives, along with continued<br />
growth, increased competitiveness<br />
and innovation in premium products<br />
and services. Over the last four or<br />
five years, the focus has shifted from<br />
maintaining a presence with their customers<br />
to bolstering the other three<br />
major strategic initiatives.<br />
In just over four years, <strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
has doubled its revenues. This is expected<br />
to double again once the acquisition<br />
of Atlas Bradford is completed<br />
later this year (<strong>VAM</strong> USA is waiting for<br />
clearance from the Department of<br />
Justice). At the same time, <strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
recently invested in additional threading<br />
capacity in order to increase <strong>VAM</strong>’s<br />
footprint in the U.S. and will be actively<br />
promoting their premium T&C<br />
products as well as the new High<br />
Torque product lines. And they have set<br />
their sights on becoming the leader in<br />
integral connections in the North<br />
American market.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> USA remains a shining example<br />
of the adage that the whole is greater<br />
than the sum of its parts. “Despite our<br />
differences culturally and in our work<br />
styles, we share the same ultimate goal<br />
of supporting our customer,” Hanada<br />
pointed out. Harrison agreed, “This<br />
shared goal—along with our similar<br />
values of providing total quality<br />
management, and the passion to come<br />
up with the best engineering solution—<br />
is at the heart of the rich <strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
culture and our continued success.”<br />
New Line 5, capable<br />
to thread from 9 5/8”<br />
to 20” in <strong>VAM</strong> USA.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> USA Inspector.<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8 7
<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
Vallourec and Sumitomo Metals<br />
R&D engineer exchange program<br />
Gabriel Briquet in the heart of the<br />
Gabriel Briquet is a pioneer. This young graduate of France's Ecole des Mines<br />
de Nancy joined Vallourec in February 2005 and is the first French R&D engineer<br />
specializing in <strong>VAM</strong> connections to join the Sumitomo Metals R&D department<br />
in Japan. The move is a tangible sign of the strengthening partnership between<br />
the two groups.<br />
Gabriel Briquet developed a passion<br />
for all things Japanese when<br />
he was a teenager. He was enthralled<br />
by the country's way of life and<br />
its language. He even enrolled in evening<br />
classes to learn Japanese when he<br />
was a student and managed to take a<br />
two-month internship in the land of<br />
the rising sun. He joined the Vallourec<br />
Group as an R&D Project Manager for<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> connections in 2004 after graduating<br />
from the prestigious Ecole des<br />
Mines engineering college. He started<br />
at the R&D center at Aulnoye in the<br />
north of France and worked closely<br />
with his counterparts in Japan under<br />
the R &D partnership agreement between<br />
Sumitomo Metals and Vallourec.<br />
Two years into his career, he was offered<br />
the chance to join the thousand or<br />
so employees at the Sumitomo Metals<br />
R&D center in Osaka.<br />
ENGINEER AND FACILITATOR<br />
"I have been busy working on developing<br />
new <strong>VAM</strong> products since I arrived<br />
in Japan in October 2006," Gabriel<br />
explained. "This is what I was doing in<br />
France earlier as an R&D engineer, but<br />
my job now has an added dimension as<br />
my duties include making sure that everything<br />
runs smoothly in the Vallourec<br />
and Sumitomo Metals R&D partnership.<br />
First and foremost, I have to make<br />
sure that the two R&D teams understand<br />
each other properly as information<br />
is passed between them. As well as<br />
being an interface, I also have to<br />
observe and report back on how they<br />
do things in Japan to ensure that we<br />
work together even more effectively<br />
and prepare the way for French engineers<br />
who will be coming over to Osaka<br />
in the future. This aspect of my work<br />
is absolutely fascinating and I am learning<br />
all the time. I give an account of<br />
my findings in a field report. One of<br />
the things I have noticed is that the<br />
Japanese appreciate it when their<br />
French counterparts speak to them<br />
slowly in English and pronounce each<br />
word clearly. It may not be what you'd<br />
expect, but they prefer you to make an<br />
Gabriel Briquet<br />
and Suguru Yamaguchi.<br />
8<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8
Dômo arigatô<br />
gozaimasu*<br />
partnership<br />
effort to get your message across<br />
rather than display mastery of the language<br />
of Shakespeare."<br />
GETTING ON WITH PEOPLE<br />
Gabriel has long understood that line<br />
management is more powerful in Japan<br />
than in France and that decisions passed<br />
down are not open to question. He<br />
respects the people he works with and<br />
they respect him, and he has also established<br />
friendships with colleagues<br />
outside the workplace. Although the<br />
fact that he speaks the language goes a<br />
long way to helping him fit in, he never<br />
forgets the social niceties which can<br />
sometimes elude people from the West,<br />
like tokens of respect, interpreting<br />
unspoken words, a certain modesty and<br />
a desire not to contradict others. He<br />
will no doubt explain all these social<br />
niceties to his colleagues at the Aulnoye<br />
R&D center when he returns to France<br />
at the end of March.<br />
Suguru Yamaguchi is eager<br />
to see France<br />
29-year-old Suguru Yamaguchi has been with Sumitomo Metals for<br />
almost five years now and is eagerly looking forward to joining the Vallourec<br />
R&D team. This young mechanical engineer will pack his bags for France in<br />
April to join the powerhouse of talent working on <strong>VAM</strong> connections at<br />
Aulnoye (North of France). His role will be similar to the one played by<br />
Gabriel Briquet in Japan (see opposite): he will contribute to the development<br />
of products, iron out wrinkles in the working relationship between the<br />
Sumitomo Metals and Vallourec R&D teams and learn about the way the<br />
French work first-hand. This will enable him to help Japanese colleagues who<br />
will be coming over to France later under the engineer exchange program run<br />
by the two groups. "I've only been to France once before," he told us. "That<br />
was just for a technical meeting. This time though, I'm expecting the exchange<br />
scheme to help me develop both professionally and as a person. I've been able<br />
to work with Gabriel Briquet, and he's told me a lot about his country.<br />
I can't wait to get there, but I can't promise that I'm going to eat any rabbits,<br />
frogs or snails!"<br />
*<br />
*Welcome<br />
Western countries and Japan share<br />
many rules of etiquette because they<br />
are a matter of basic courtesy–in<br />
other words, good sense. However,<br />
Japanese society is characterized by<br />
strict observance of these precepts<br />
and a host of specifics inherent in its<br />
culture.<br />
In general, self-control and a sense of<br />
propriety are expected. Here are some<br />
additional rules of conduct:<br />
• Do not put soy sauce on white rice.<br />
• Making noise while eating<br />
noodles is acceptable and even<br />
recommended.<br />
• There is no tipping in Japan.<br />
• Do not look people in the eye in<br />
public.<br />
• Do not open a gift in the presence of<br />
the gift-giver.<br />
• Offer and accept gifts with both<br />
hands.<br />
• In conversation, allow time for pauses<br />
so the other person can think about<br />
his or her response.<br />
• Do not put someone on the spot,<br />
particularly in public.<br />
• Do not make categorical refusals.<br />
• Do not gesture with your hands while<br />
speaking.<br />
• Avoid blowing your nose in public,<br />
especially at a restaurant. If you must<br />
blow your nose, cover your nose with<br />
your hand, or excuse yourself and go<br />
to the restroom.<br />
• Do not kiss people when you greet<br />
them and limit physical contact to a<br />
handshake.<br />
• Remove your shoes in homes and<br />
restaurants and put on slippers.<br />
• A simple bow of the head is<br />
preferable to an awkward imitation of<br />
the Japanese bow.<br />
• Do not use your chopsticks to eat<br />
directly from a shared dish,<br />
but transfer the food to your bowl<br />
first.<br />
• Always bring candy for your<br />
colleagues when you return from<br />
a trip.<br />
* The most polite way to say thank you in Japanese.<br />
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<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> (Changzhou) Oil and Gas Premium<br />
Hand in hand with<br />
Construction started in November 2006<br />
and the first threaded tube came off the<br />
line in October 2007. It took the <strong>VAM</strong><br />
Changzhou plant slightly less than a year<br />
to go from the time the diggers arrived<br />
through to commissioning! Vallourec<br />
and Sumitomo hold 51% and 49% of the<br />
new company's capital respectively, and<br />
the investment will place both partners<br />
in a stronger position on the Chinese oil<br />
and gas market<br />
From left to right:<br />
Shinichi Sasaki (Sumitomo Corp. Shanghai),<br />
Eric Atton (<strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou),<br />
Sam Eguchi (Sumitomo Metal Industries),<br />
Jean-Yves Le Cuziat (Formerly Division Oil & Gas)<br />
and Philippe Emery (<strong>OCTG</strong> Europe).<br />
Paul Bounie was<br />
clearly moved by<br />
the tributes paid<br />
to him at the ceremony<br />
held to inaugurate the<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou plant<br />
on November 8. As<br />
Project Manager, he had<br />
the task of delivering the<br />
new production facility<br />
to the V & M TUBES<br />
Oil & Gas Division Paul Bounie<br />
within an extremely<br />
tight schedule, and deserves our heartiest<br />
congra-tulations for meeting the deadline.<br />
With the job done, he presented<br />
an ancient Chinese padlock to <strong>VAM</strong><br />
Changzhou's General Manager, Eric<br />
Atton, to symbolize the handover of the<br />
plant.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou is jointly owned by<br />
Vallourec (51%) and Sumitomo (49%),<br />
and has all the equipment needed to produce<br />
high-value-added <strong>VAM</strong> connections<br />
in sizes ranging from 5-1/2 to<br />
13-3/8 inches. Thus, the plant can manufacture<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> TOP products, and the list<br />
also includes <strong>VAM</strong> FJL, <strong>VAM</strong> SLIJ II,<br />
DINO <strong>VAM</strong>, <strong>VAM</strong> HW and even <strong>VAM</strong><br />
MUST connections.<br />
The joint-venture is designed to strengthen<br />
the positions of both groups on the<br />
Chinese market and to meet the growing<br />
needs of both state-owned corporations<br />
like CNPC/PetroChina (for the<br />
Sichuan and Tarim fields), Sinopec and<br />
CNOOC - as well as foreign companies<br />
- as the country's economy expands. As<br />
far as Vallourec is concerned, this new<br />
enterprise will also free up capacity at<br />
the Group's European sites.<br />
NO PLANT YET, BUT ALREADY<br />
TAKING ORDERS<br />
"We produced our first threaded tube at<br />
the beginning of October 2007," Eric<br />
Atton explained. "It was especially critical<br />
for us to keep to the schedule because<br />
it had been decided, well before construction<br />
had been completed, that the<br />
new plant should take on a number of<br />
10<br />
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Equipment Co. Ltd<br />
Sumitomo<br />
orders for material which was originally<br />
to be produced in Europe. With the help<br />
of 150 sub-contractors – including more<br />
than 100 Chinese firms – we managed to<br />
deliver an initial shipment of 700 metric<br />
tons of <strong>VAM</strong> TOP 7” to PetroChina on<br />
time, starting on November 19th, 2007."<br />
We obviously needed the customer's<br />
approval to transfer this work to <strong>VAM</strong><br />
Changzhou, and there were no objections<br />
- provided that product availability was<br />
maintained, and that the quality was equivalent<br />
to – or better than – the standard<br />
provided by other V & M TUBES plants<br />
in other parts of the world.<br />
To give credit where it is due, the<br />
Group's other plants played a major part<br />
in bringing <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou into being<br />
and in getting the Chinese operators<br />
ready. Some key employees, like threading<br />
machine operators, shift supervisors<br />
and quality managers, were sent to<br />
Germany and France for training.<br />
The plant has been in a position to fill<br />
firm orders since the end of 2007, and<br />
the order book for 2008 is already filling<br />
up fast.<br />
ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS<br />
Together with the announcement of the<br />
massive joint project to build an integrated<br />
tube mill in Brazil, the commissioning<br />
of the <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou facility<br />
coincides with the thirtieth anniversary<br />
of the partnership between Vallourec<br />
and Sumitomo Metals. They could not<br />
have wished for a better present. Having<br />
a new production facility which can<br />
manufacture premium products to meet<br />
the specific requirements of Chinese<br />
wells gives both groups an excellent<br />
chance to maintain and develop their<br />
positions in this fast-growing market.<br />
“The <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou team will soon<br />
include people from Japan, and the new<br />
company will be able to draw on the skill<br />
and experience possessed by its two stockholders,”<br />
Eric Atton remarked. “The<br />
recent inauguration ceremony attended<br />
by representatives from the Chinese<br />
authorities, Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
marked the completion of a successful<br />
project – and the beginning of a great<br />
adventure.”<br />
Key dates<br />
April 2006: <strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou project launched<br />
July 2006:<br />
Land purchased<br />
September 2006: Business license obtained<br />
November 2006: Construction work begins<br />
February 2007:<br />
Earthworks completed<br />
August 2007:<br />
Equipment acceptance<br />
October 5, 2007:<br />
First tube produced<br />
October 8, 2007: Official inauguration of the plant<br />
November 19, 2007: First shipment of products<br />
Key figures<br />
Floor area:<br />
65,000 sq. meters<br />
Covered floor space:<br />
17,600 sq. meters<br />
Employees: 180 (end 2008)<br />
Range of products: <strong>VAM</strong> connections in sizes<br />
from 5-1/2 to 13-3/8 inches<br />
Production capacity:<br />
50,000 metric tons<br />
Equipment: casing threading/finishing line<br />
and couplings shop<br />
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<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Beijing<br />
Promoting <strong>VAM</strong> in China<br />
The <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service International network now extends<br />
its reach even further with the arrival of <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service<br />
Beijing (VFSB). VFSB opened for business on January 1st,<br />
2007, and its team of eight engineers has since been devoting<br />
all its efforts to customer support and the promotion of<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> products in China. The center is the first of its kind in<br />
the country, and also has the distinction of being a jointventure<br />
between Vallourec (51%), Sumitomo Metals<br />
(36.75%) and the Sumitomo Corporation (12.25%).<br />
33-year-old Damien de Montlebert has<br />
already gained a great deal of experience<br />
in <strong>VAM</strong> products in a career<br />
which has taken him from Scotland to<br />
France, then back to Scotland again<br />
before moving to China in January<br />
2007. His role as <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service<br />
Beijing's General Manager is to get the<br />
center up and running, and develop<br />
VFSB's business.<br />
The main function of <strong>VAM</strong> Field<br />
Service International's field service<br />
engineers is to provide assistance to<br />
users of <strong>VAM</strong> products at the rig site.<br />
This mainly means checking that everything<br />
is done according to recommendations<br />
before, during and after<br />
VSFB Engineer (Mr. Zhang Wen Yu) inspecting<br />
a <strong>VAM</strong> TOP connection.<br />
the process of making up the connections.<br />
They examine the condition of<br />
threads, make sure that the right<br />
amount and the right type of grease is<br />
applied, ensure that suitable equipment<br />
is used in the correct way, specify tightening<br />
torque values, interpret data,<br />
come up with solutions if problems<br />
occur, and so on.<br />
MORE THAN JUST<br />
FIELD SERVICES<br />
"This is where <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service<br />
Beijing stands out from most of the<br />
other companies operating in this business,"<br />
Damien de Montlebert told us.<br />
"Although assistance on site will<br />
account for a large part of our work<br />
later on, both Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
were particularly eager to use this jointventure<br />
to establish a technical center<br />
to showcase <strong>VAM</strong> products in China.<br />
Our job is also to handle technical sales<br />
promotion and we can offer customers<br />
help in selecting the most suitable <strong>VAM</strong><br />
connection solution for the characteristics<br />
of their wells. We also inspect<br />
tubes on delivery to comply with contractual<br />
requirements imposed on our<br />
customers by the large state-owned<br />
companies. This part of our business is<br />
a special feature of the Chinese market<br />
and accounts for a significant part of<br />
our income. We act as sub-contractors<br />
for Vallourec or Sumitomo and perform<br />
the inspections using the same<br />
testing equipment as at the production<br />
site. On top of this, our job includes<br />
providing technical support to the growing<br />
number of <strong>VAM</strong> licensees in<br />
China."<br />
China is developing rapidly, but the use<br />
of premium connections is less widespread<br />
than elsewhere in the world.<br />
The creation of VFSB is a truly determination<br />
of the two groups to increase<br />
its <strong>VAM</strong> presence in China.<br />
Damien de<br />
Montlebert.<br />
12<br />
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Vallourec & Sumitomo Tubos do Brasil Ltda.<br />
Two groups join forces<br />
in ambitious project<br />
The foundation stone of the Jeceaba integrated tube<br />
mill was laid on 07/07/07 (July 7, 2007). The new Brazilian<br />
facility is being jointly built by Vallourec and Sumitomo,<br />
and project directors Christoph Prasser and Hisashi<br />
Nakagawa and project leader Otavio Sanabio have less<br />
than three years to get this ambitious production complex<br />
up and running.<br />
“<br />
There are more than forty<br />
people now working almost<br />
full-time on Vallourec &<br />
Sumitomo Tubos do Brasil Ltda,"<br />
explains Christoph Prasser, the Project<br />
Director appointed by Vallourec. "The<br />
members of the VSB project team come<br />
from three continents, Asia (Japan), The<br />
Americas (Brazil), and Europe (France<br />
and Germany). There must now be<br />
several hundred people already involved<br />
in the construction of this new integrated<br />
tube mill. The challenge is to get<br />
the mill running in Brazil despite any<br />
differences of national or company cultures"<br />
Frédéric Arnou, who is responsible for<br />
monitoring legal, financial and fiscal<br />
aspects of VSB on behalf of Vallourec,<br />
told us that "one of our colleagues at<br />
Sumitomo has dubbed this project "555"<br />
- pronounced "gogogo" in Japanese".<br />
This reflects both the size of this 1.6 billion<br />
dollar project as well as the enthusiasm<br />
it is generating among both parts<br />
of the project team.<br />
GREAT VERSATILITY<br />
This state-of-the-art complex is to<br />
make steel using liquid pig iron, chiefly<br />
due to the nearby availability of the<br />
raw materials needed: iron ore and<br />
charcoal. The site is 65 km from the<br />
Pau Branco mine operated by V & M<br />
Mineração. V & M Florestal has huge<br />
eucalyptus forests in the North and<br />
North-Eastern parts of Minas Gerais<br />
state which produce the wood used to<br />
make charcoal . "What makes the steelworks<br />
so special though," stressed<br />
Christoph Prasser, "is that the site has<br />
an electric arc furnace which will be fed<br />
with both liquid pig iron and scrap<br />
from our own sources."<br />
The plant will have the capacity to produce<br />
a million metric tons of raw steel<br />
a year in the form of billets. 700,000<br />
metric tons of this will go to the tube<br />
rolling mill, with the rest being used<br />
by Vallourec to reduce dependency on<br />
external sources of supply.<br />
FOCUS ON <strong>OCTG</strong><br />
PRODUCTS<br />
The standard SMS-Meer Premium<br />
Quality Finishing (PQF) rolling mill<br />
will offer a total capacity of 600,000<br />
Christoph Prasser<br />
Frédéric Arnou<br />
Pierre Verluca, Chairman of Vallourec’s<br />
Management Board, and Hiroshi Tomono,<br />
President of Sumitomo Metals, signed the<br />
Vallourec & Sumitomo Tubos do Brasil Ltda<br />
joint-venture contract on July 19.<br />
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<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
V & M FLORESTAL<br />
•••<br />
metric tons of seamless tube a year,<br />
with Vallourec and Sumitomo having<br />
an equal share of 300,000 metric tons<br />
each. "The two partners will both<br />
remain in full control of their own<br />
marketing activities," Frédéric Arnou<br />
told us. "This will mean 10% more<br />
tubes a year for Vallourec, and around<br />
30% for Sumitomo."<br />
The heat treatment lines will have<br />
plenty of capacity to allow a large proportion<br />
of production to be devoted<br />
to the oil and gas market to meet growing<br />
demand for premium products.<br />
The mill will specialize in seamless<br />
<strong>OCTG</strong> tubulars and will also have the<br />
CNC lathes needed to machine and<br />
thread <strong>VAM</strong> ® connections. Sizes will<br />
range from 6-5/8" to 16" in diameter.<br />
The mill will also have a robotized<br />
stock control system using tags to provide<br />
full traceability for each tube as it<br />
passes through the various stages of<br />
the production process.<br />
AHEAD OF THE FIELD<br />
This new company will eventually have<br />
around 1,500 employees, and the two<br />
partners expect that the joint venture<br />
will enable them to anticipate future<br />
market changes. In line with many analysts,<br />
both groups are banking on continued<br />
growth and increased worldwide<br />
demand for seamless tubes.<br />
Vallourec's production sites are now<br />
working flat out, and the Group needs<br />
to acquire additional capacity to maintain<br />
its position as market leader - particularly<br />
for premium products and<br />
tubes for the energy sector. Falling<br />
behind is not an option.<br />
Jeceaba enjoys good road and rail links<br />
and has access to the deep-water port<br />
at Sepetiba to the South. Supply of<br />
electric energy and a gas pipe line are<br />
nearby. Naturally enough, the new<br />
integrated tube mill will export products<br />
to North America, the Middle<br />
East and Africa.<br />
The ceremony took place on July 7<br />
(an auspicious day as the number seven is<br />
considered to be a lucky number in Japanese<br />
culture), and was attended by executives<br />
from Vallourec and Sumitomo Metals,<br />
as well as Brazilian officials. On this special<br />
occasion, a seamless tube was used to<br />
symbolize the first foundation stone.<br />
Barreiro<br />
Pau Branco<br />
Jeceaba<br />
Vallourec & Sumitomo<br />
Tubos do Brasil<br />
Sepetiba<br />
Port<br />
V & M do BRASIL<br />
V & M MINERAÇÃO<br />
Railway<br />
Rio de Janeiro<br />
14<br />
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On October 11th, 2007 at the Group's<br />
headquarters, Managers from both companies<br />
celebrated the 30-year partnership.<br />
30 years<br />
of innovation<br />
30 years<br />
of success<br />
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<strong>VAM</strong> PARTNERSHIP<br />
05/11/1965<br />
06/02/1976<br />
1976<br />
Kainan plant<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> first patent<br />
Signature of<br />
the <strong>VAM</strong> License<br />
Agreement<br />
Patent <strong>VAM</strong> FJL<br />
1993<br />
1994<br />
1995<br />
2000<br />
Creation of<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> FAR EAST<br />
(51% V & M TUBES – 49% Sumitomo)<br />
Renewal of the<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> License Agreement<br />
Patent <strong>VAM</strong> SLIJ II<br />
and DINO <strong>VAM</strong><br />
Patent CLEANWELL<br />
21/11/2006<br />
02/08/2006<br />
28/03/2007<br />
07/07/2007<br />
First stone laying<br />
ceremony of the new<br />
Chinese threading plant<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou<br />
Creation of <strong>VAM</strong><br />
Field Service Beijing<br />
(51% V & M TUBES – 36.75% Sumitomo<br />
Metals – 12.25% Sumitomo Corp.)<br />
Opening capital of<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Changzhou to Sumitomo<br />
Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
lay the cornerstone<br />
of the Jeceaba Plant,<br />
the new pipe plant in Brazil<br />
16<br />
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27/08/1984<br />
11/04/1985<br />
10/11/1986<br />
1990<br />
Signature of the <strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
Partnership Agreement /<br />
Creation of <strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
(51% V & M TUBES – 49% Sumitomo)<br />
Signature of the R&D<br />
agreement<br />
(renewal in 1995 and 2005)<br />
PT Citra Tubindo<br />
Subcontracting<br />
Agreement<br />
Patent <strong>VAM</strong> TOP<br />
2002<br />
27/05/2002<br />
10/02/2005<br />
27/04/2006<br />
Celebrating 25 years<br />
of <strong>VAM</strong> partnership<br />
Acquisition<br />
of V & M STAR<br />
Celebrating 20 years<br />
anniversary of <strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
Aulnoye testing<br />
facility extension<br />
inauguration<br />
19/07/2007 30 years of<br />
TEC and TAC Meeting<br />
And tomorrow:<br />
...<br />
New Pipe mill in Brazil:<br />
Vallourec and Sumitomo<br />
Metals sign the joint venture<br />
agreement of the new pipe<br />
mill in Brazil<br />
TEC: technical meeting<br />
TAC: technical advisory<br />
committee<br />
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17
PRODUCT APPLICATION<br />
V & M TUBES Facilitates Upsurge in North Sea HP-HT Activity<br />
Pushing Back the Boundaries<br />
V & M TUBES, Oil & Gas Division, has engineered, tested and manufactured<br />
all of the casing for the North Sea’s highest pressure well, to<br />
date. The well spudded in October 2007 and will set a new milestone<br />
in High Pressure-High Temperature development in the region, when<br />
completed in February 2008.<br />
Jackdaw Well Schematic.<br />
This project requires casing and<br />
connections that provide a new<br />
level of performance using the<br />
latest generation of gas-tight, metal-tometal<br />
seal <strong>VAM</strong> connections.<br />
One of the key requirements of both the<br />
connections and the materials is to minimise,<br />
as far as possible, the risk profile<br />
of the well. This is achieved through<br />
applying advanced design methods, performing<br />
rigorous qualification tests and<br />
ensuring the products are manufactured<br />
with the highest possible levels of<br />
quality assurance. To further ensure that<br />
operational risks are mitigated, Vallourec<br />
Mannesmann Oil & Gas UK (VMOG<br />
UK) provides supervisory services for<br />
both onshore and offshore activities.<br />
DESIGN INVOLVEMENT<br />
VMOG UK has been involved with the<br />
project from the initial conceptual<br />
designs, which were based on tried-andtested<br />
HP-HT connections (<strong>VAM</strong> HW-<br />
ST). As the full scale of the challenges<br />
thrown up by the well conditions was realised,<br />
later generation connections were<br />
chosen to complement the extremely<br />
heavy-wall pipe. The connections required<br />
to satisfy the need for higher compression,<br />
higher external pressure and<br />
greater clearance than the existing<br />
designs.<br />
The solutions included the dual-seal<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> HP for use on both 10-3/4” 110.4<br />
lb/ft VM110SS production casing and 7-<br />
5/8” 55.3 lb/ft VM110SS contingency<br />
tie-back casing strings. In addition to the<br />
new weights of <strong>VAM</strong> HP, a heavy-weight<br />
version of the <strong>VAM</strong> TOP HC was designed<br />
for use on 7” 42.7 lb/ft VM125CY<br />
production liner. All of these connections<br />
required bespoke engineering design<br />
work.<br />
All new connection designs were evaluated<br />
through state-of-the-art computational<br />
analysis using V & M TUBES’<br />
preferred Finite Element Analysis (FEA)<br />
18<br />
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software (see Figure 1), before embarking<br />
on full ISO 13679 physical qualification<br />
tests, where required.<br />
CONNECTION<br />
TESTING<br />
Once the new connections had been<br />
developed, a substantial programme of<br />
physical testing was commissioned.<br />
There are a only a limited number of<br />
test facilities in the world that are equipped<br />
to perform <strong>OCTG</strong> connection<br />
tests, so the initial challenge was to project<br />
manage the six ISO 13679 qualification<br />
tests, in a timely fashion. With<br />
time-scales of approximately two to<br />
three months each, inter-continental<br />
collaboration with sub-contractors in<br />
Scotland and the USA, as well as V & M<br />
TUBES’ facilities in France and<br />
Houston, was required to successfully<br />
complete the connection testing.<br />
The reduced number of samples on<br />
three of the tests (see table) is indicative<br />
of the extensive qualification test<br />
data that already existed.<br />
ADVANCED<br />
MANUFACTURING<br />
TECHNIQUES<br />
HP-HT products often need complex<br />
manufacturing techniques. Most of the<br />
connections require special surface<br />
finish or end-sizing, and the pipe is offered<br />
with tighter tolerance on the wall<br />
thickness (a minimum of 90% nominal)<br />
or yield (VM125CY) and corrosion<br />
testing (VM110SS).<br />
Most notably, the 3-1/2” work-string<br />
is a completely non-standard product.<br />
The complex heat treatment of<br />
VM110SS needed to be adapted for this<br />
small OD but heavy-wall product.<br />
CONTINUING<br />
TECHNICAL SUPPORT<br />
Following delivery of the casing and<br />
tubing, V & M TUBES is continuing<br />
to support this project through analyses<br />
of casing hangers, equipment logistics<br />
and offshore running.<br />
VMOG UK has an enviable track<br />
record with regards to HP-HT wells,<br />
having supplied casing and tubing for<br />
Total’s Elgin-Franklin project and<br />
Shell’s Shearwater, Aragorn and Onyx<br />
Connection<br />
projects, to name but a handful. In<br />
addition to this well, the company has<br />
a further eleven HP-HT wells on its<br />
order books for imminent delivery.<br />
V & M TUBES is proud of its involvement<br />
in these projects and is keen to<br />
further enhance its long-standing HP-<br />
HT experience.<br />
THE CONNECTIONS WERE TESTED TO THE FOLLOWING LEVELS<br />
Qualification Test<br />
13-5/8” 88.2 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> TOP-NA FEA Extrapolation<br />
10-3/4” 110.2 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> HP FEA Extrapolation<br />
9-7/8” 66.9 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> TOP-NA ISO 13679 CAL IV<br />
7” 42.7 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> TOP HC-NB ISO 13679 CAL IV<br />
7-5/8” 55.3 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> HP ISO 13679 CAL III<br />
7-5/8” 39 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> SLIJ-II ISO 13679 CAL III<br />
4-1/2” 18.9 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> TOP ISO 13679 CAL IV<br />
3-1/2” 18.35 lb/ft <strong>VAM</strong> TOP ISO 13679 CAL IV<br />
LP12<br />
Tension<br />
33%<br />
CYS<br />
+<br />
EP 100%<br />
API5C3<br />
Threaded Coupler.<br />
Figure 1: FEA Analysis of <strong>VAM</strong> HP.<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8 19
PRODUCT APPLICATION<br />
Development of Smart High Performance: Drill Stem<br />
The continuous developments in oil and gas drilling operations have<br />
resulted in a significant increase in the application of extended reach<br />
wells and horizontal drilling procedures as well as HP/HT downhole<br />
conditions. These deeper and more deviated wells require the use of a<br />
drill string that has both higher torsional yield strength drill pipe body<br />
and greater torque capacity tool joints than is afforded by standard API<br />
connections.<br />
Also, the combination of complex<br />
well profiles with HP/HT conditions<br />
down-hole can lead to even<br />
higher stresses on the drill string, therefore<br />
requiring greater safety margins in<br />
the drill string design.<br />
Also, due to high financial risks associated<br />
with drilling operations today, oil &<br />
gas companies are continuously looking<br />
at mitigating drilling risks and reducing<br />
total drilling costs. This involves optimizing<br />
drilling programs and drilling efficiency.<br />
Improved efficiency is generally associated<br />
with higher rates of penetration<br />
(ROP) and lower non-productive time<br />
(NPT). An accurate drill string selection<br />
prior to operations planning can help<br />
achieving these targets. A number of<br />
factors related to the drill string assembly<br />
can be considered to optimize drilling<br />
performance. Among them:<br />
• Pipe and tool joint dimensions for<br />
hydraulics efficiency;<br />
• Pipe yield strength for torque & drag<br />
optimization;<br />
• Pipe body, weld and connection mechanical<br />
properties for tension and torsion<br />
capacity;<br />
• Other drill pipe design related features<br />
for fatigue resistance, service-ability<br />
and operating cost optimization.<br />
New OD/ID ratios used on drill pipe,<br />
dictated by hydraulics requirements, have<br />
required new thread designs called<br />
“Premium Connections”. Recent high<br />
torque tool joint connection designs have<br />
been focused on highest mechanical performance<br />
capabilities, generally to the<br />
detriment of drill pipe run- ability and<br />
durability, compared to API connections.<br />
Starting from this, <strong>VAM</strong> Drilling has<br />
developed a new smart rotary shoulder<br />
connection that provides optimum operational<br />
performance to extreme drilling<br />
conditions with minimum impact to conventional<br />
rig tools, standard handling<br />
procedures and minimum service cost.<br />
DESIGN AND QUALIFICATION<br />
This premium connection incorporates<br />
a proprietary thread profile and highperformance<br />
double shoulder design<br />
producing a rugged high-torque connection.<br />
The primary torque shoulder<br />
provides initial seal and pre-load during<br />
make-up to full recommended torque<br />
and the secondary torque shoulder provides<br />
high torque capacity.<br />
The thread form features a large, rounded<br />
stab crest and a laid down stab flank<br />
which allow easy stabbing of the connection.<br />
A back bevelled crest reduces<br />
the chance of wedging the thread and<br />
increases the freedom of movement,<br />
allowing easy connection make-up. The<br />
elliptical root increases resistance to<br />
rotational-induced bending fatigue.<br />
FEA MODELLING USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF <strong>VAM</strong> EXPRESS<br />
20<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8
Rotary Shouldered Connections<br />
The design has been subjected to rigorous<br />
engineering analysis. These<br />
include full FEA modelling for pure<br />
torque loads and combined torque &<br />
tension loads.<br />
During the final stages of the connection<br />
development, the design has been<br />
subjected to live testing in the following<br />
conditions:<br />
Well: Heather 1-5<br />
Depth: 18150 ft<br />
Hole: 6-1/2”<br />
Section profile: Straight<br />
Rig equipment: Varco Top Drive and<br />
Iron Rough Neck<br />
Top Drive Torque: Average 3300 ft-lbs<br />
Top Drive RPM: 40<br />
Drill Pipe: 4 inch, 14# S135 pipe, 4<br />
7/8” OD x 2 13/16” ID tool joints, with<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Express VX 39<br />
Typical Bottom Hole Assembly:<br />
Drill Bit, Turbine, Stabilizer, 14 Drill<br />
Collars, Jars, 3 Drill Collars, 6 HW<br />
Thread Compound: Bestolife Copper<br />
Supreme Special Blend<br />
Typical average rate of penetration:<br />
3 to 4 ft/hr<br />
RESULTS<br />
• Consistent connection running<br />
• No connection reject related to stabbing,<br />
make-up or drilling operations<br />
• Trip time in line with expectations<br />
PERFORMANCES<br />
High Torque: <strong>VAM</strong> Express has torsional<br />
strength that provides torque<br />
capability 1.5 to 2 times that of API<br />
connections. It allows change of OD/ID<br />
for improved hydraulic performance.<br />
Greater safety margins: High torque<br />
to yield resistance, progressive failure<br />
mode if overtorqued, optimized behavior<br />
for HP/HT drilling conditions.<br />
Quick rig make-up: 5-6 turns from<br />
stab-in to full make-up similar to API<br />
connections with trip-time savings up<br />
to 16% better than other high-performance<br />
connections.<br />
Connection<br />
API NC38 5.5<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Express 5.7<br />
Turns stabbed<br />
to shouldered<br />
Other Premium Up to 13<br />
Connections<br />
Extended service life: <strong>VAM</strong> Express<br />
has been designed to minimize damage<br />
risk during use and recut tong loss when<br />
a recut is required. Specifically, the<br />
connection provides:<br />
• Limited stabbing risk: enhanced<br />
clearance between box counterbore<br />
and pin nose<br />
• Reduced wedging risk on threads<br />
• Improved pin nose durability<br />
• Improved drill string fatigue life:<br />
the patented design includes an<br />
elliptical thread root that increases<br />
the connection’s resistance to<br />
rotational bending fatigue.<br />
FIELD PROVEN<br />
Improvements in terms of runability<br />
and service life of the product have been<br />
experienced during recent drilling operations<br />
in Thailand, with VX 39 drill<br />
pipe rented by Weatherford to<br />
Chevron.<br />
The drill string was composed with 500<br />
joints of Drill Pipe and 30 joints of<br />
Heavy Weight Drill Pipe. It was used<br />
by Chevron between May and October<br />
2006, which gives a 6 month period of<br />
analysis.<br />
Seven 6 1/8” hole sections were drilled<br />
with this pipe, at an average depth of<br />
11 500 feet. Deviation was between 40°<br />
to 70°, average bottom hole temperature<br />
was 125°C, nominal pressure and<br />
mud weight 9.6 ppg. “The use of this<br />
drill pipe solved excessive ECD problems<br />
experienced with another brand<br />
of drill pipe”, said Chevron. “The prime<br />
reason for Chevron hiring this string<br />
of 4” VX39 was to improve our mud<br />
ECD and cuttings transport. We had<br />
stuck 3 bottom hole assemblies (recovered<br />
only 1) before switching to 4”<br />
VX39. After the switch, we enjoyed<br />
lower ECD’s, better hole cleaning and<br />
equal or faster trip times”, they added.<br />
“At the end of the campaign, there were<br />
17 connections that required repair (9<br />
Pins and 8 Boxes) due to sea air corrosion”,<br />
said Dale Potter, Weatherford.<br />
This drill string is currently being used<br />
in Thailand by Chevron, for another 6<br />
month period, during which improved<br />
hydraulic characteristics and low repair<br />
rates will be re-confirmed.<br />
CONCLUSION<br />
This analysis of drilling records with<br />
this new tool joint connection has<br />
shown significant improvements in both<br />
mechanical performance and operating<br />
costs:<br />
• Torque capability up to 2 times that<br />
of API connections, resulting in optimum<br />
resistance in harsh environments;<br />
• Significant trip time savings, up to<br />
16% compared to competing products.<br />
This translates into thousands<br />
of dollars saved for 1 deep offshore<br />
well today;<br />
• Extended service life and reduced<br />
operating cost as a result of fewer<br />
recuts and less refacing operations.<br />
Improvements in terms<br />
of runability and service<br />
life of <strong>VAM</strong> Express<br />
have been experienced<br />
during recent drilling<br />
operations.<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8 21
SERVICES<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Angola:<br />
Right at the heart of<br />
Angola’s oil industry<br />
A new <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Company has just been created in the<br />
Angolan capital, Luanda. The purpose of this Service Center is<br />
to participate in the expansion of the oil industry in this area of<br />
South-West Africa which is increasingly turning to the <strong>VAM</strong><br />
family of premium connections.<br />
Nicolas Dupont<br />
We spoke to Nicolas Dupont,<br />
the General Manager of<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Field Service International.<br />
"Up until now, the assistance<br />
we offered to oil companies operating<br />
in Angola, like Esso, BP or Total, used<br />
to be provided by <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service<br />
technicians based at our service center<br />
at Aberdeen in Scotland. There were<br />
several reasons behind our decision to<br />
set up a separate center in Angola. The<br />
expansion of oil activities in the country,<br />
particularly in deep-sea offshore<br />
fields, has significantly increased the<br />
use of <strong>VAM</strong> TOP line products.<br />
Another consideration was the increasing<br />
need for on-site assistance, as<br />
projects become more technically challenging<br />
and the financial stakes get higher.<br />
The time had come to create <strong>VAM</strong><br />
Field Service Angola, an Angolan company<br />
employing a team of experienced<br />
local technicians trained to use the procedures<br />
applied in all of the <strong>VAM</strong> Field<br />
Service centers in our international<br />
network."<br />
WARMLY WELCOMED<br />
INITIATIVE<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Angola was created<br />
to meet a growing demand for<br />
assistance in the area, and the opening<br />
was extremely well received. Its legal<br />
structure and the nationality of its staff<br />
fit in with the policy of "angolanizing"<br />
the domestic oil industry pursued by<br />
the government and by Sonangol (*).<br />
V & M TUBES works in partnership<br />
with customers operating in Angola<br />
and is therefore willing to contribute<br />
to their effort in industrializing the<br />
country.<br />
"We expect to operate with a team of<br />
four employees by end 2008 to support<br />
the customer requirements" explained<br />
Nicolas Dupont. We can also draw on<br />
staff from other <strong>VAM</strong> Field Service<br />
International centers if there is a large<br />
increase in the workload. Our office in<br />
Luanda is located in the SONILS oil<br />
base facility, right next to the drilling<br />
and completion teams we deal with."<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Field Service Angola commercial<br />
terms allow customers to choose<br />
to access the services on call-off basis<br />
or through service contracts ensuring<br />
the flexibility and reactivity of dedicated<br />
resources". This way of doing<br />
things has proved to be successful to<br />
operators whose drilling schedules are<br />
by nature subject to rapid changes."<br />
* Sonangol is the national Oil company responsible<br />
for the management of Angola's oil and gas<br />
reserves and is at the forefront of the continuing<br />
drive to develop the country.<br />
An international network of service centers<br />
CONTACT US<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Field Service International consists of a network of service centers dedicated to<br />
support the <strong>VAM</strong> family product line. It brings together around a hundred field service<br />
engineers and technicians based in the main oil-producing areas in Europe, Africa, Middle-<br />
East, North America, South America, Southeast Asia and China. These experts routinely<br />
work on platforms - both offshore and onshore as well as at sub-contractors who thread or<br />
assemble the connections on tubular accessories. Their job is to perform <strong>VAM</strong> connection<br />
inspections or pipe running supervision, from quality control to consultancy and quality<br />
assurance to ensure compliance to best practices.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> ANGOLA<br />
Sonils Business Centre<br />
(Office 015)<br />
Rua 6-1L Boavista<br />
Luanda<br />
Republic of Angola<br />
Phone: +244 222 670 439<br />
Fax: +244 222 310 910<br />
22<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8
EVENTS<br />
V & M TUBES sponsored<br />
the 10th edition of the<br />
Expandable Technology Forum<br />
V & M TUBES was very glad to sponsor the 10th edition of the Expandable<br />
Technology Forum (ETF) on October 30th, 2007. The venue was the<br />
famous Chateau Pommery in Reims, one of the best caves in Champagne.<br />
With almost 80 people who attended this meeting was one of the major<br />
contributions to the Expandables technology this year.<br />
V& M TUBES is the most supportive<br />
<strong>OCTG</strong> supplier for the<br />
expandables industry and since<br />
the early 2000’s. Logically the group is<br />
also the first pipe manufacturer to host<br />
an ETF bi-annual meeting. Attendees<br />
were mainly experts of this innovative<br />
technology in their company and almost<br />
all the major players in this business joined.<br />
No doubt that these two days were<br />
a great success with almost twenty presentations<br />
and a lot of fruitful discussions<br />
and exchanges between the engineers.<br />
During the last eight years, V & M<br />
TUBES has designed and tested a lot<br />
of different type of threads in order to<br />
push forward the limits of the solid<br />
expansion in Situ. In the meantime three<br />
new proprietary<br />
grades of seamless pipe were created.<br />
In the beginning of 2007,<br />
the very first premium product<br />
line for Expandables became<br />
available. It is mixing proprietary<br />
grades as VM50 ET or<br />
VM80 ET with a new metal to<br />
metal thread the <strong>VAM</strong> ET WISE ® . The<br />
pipe and connections are available in<br />
various sizes from 4 1/2” to 11 3/4” and<br />
can be expanded in a large range of final<br />
internal diameters.<br />
After six months of tests and trial in situ<br />
without any related issue, the premium<br />
•••<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8 23
E V E N T S<br />
•••<br />
connections of the new <strong>VAM</strong> ET<br />
WISE ® product line have been successfully<br />
expanded during their two first<br />
commercial jobs in the Middle East in<br />
July and in September. Two strings of<br />
threaded joints with an initial diameter<br />
of 5 1/2” have been actually run in existing<br />
– but old and unproductive – wells<br />
of a major company. The expansion to<br />
a 6 1/4” final diameter has been operated<br />
by Weatherford which has selected<br />
the new product of V & M TUBES.<br />
These expanded strings – with their respective<br />
lengths of 1100 feet and 1600<br />
feet – were used to deploy new “intelligent<br />
completion” equipments. The final<br />
user has by now recovered a very good<br />
oil production in his two wells. He was<br />
also very satisfied by the performances<br />
and reliability of the <strong>VAM</strong> premium<br />
threads. We expect these successes will<br />
help in increasing quickly the use of this<br />
new product line.<br />
The ETF (Expandable Technology Forum) commenced<br />
in February 2003. The forum was initially<br />
funded by the European Drilling Engineering<br />
Association and the Production<br />
Engineering Association in partnership,<br />
although it is now an independent forum with its own membership.<br />
The ETF have no geographical focus (meetings are held<br />
in both Europe and the US). The aim of the forum is to share<br />
knowledge and experience of applying the technology, thereby<br />
helping the uptake of the technology by oil companies worldwide.<br />
The ETF cover both solid expandable tubulars (SET) and<br />
expanding sand screens (ESS) so is of interest to both drilling<br />
and petroleum engineers. It is not a commercial forum; the presentations<br />
are technical papers, not marketing presentations.<br />
Shell, BP, Statoil, Enventure Global Technologies, Weatherford and<br />
Baker Oil Tools were previous sponsors of the ETF former events.<br />
24 V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8
SPOTLIGHTS<br />
V & M TUBES participated to the SPE/ATCE exhibition in Anaheim, California<br />
V<br />
& M TUBES has participated to the Society of Petroleum<br />
Engineers' Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE)<br />
which was held on November 11th-14th, 2007 in Anaheim,<br />
California. The SPE/ATCE is the leading technical conference in the<br />
E&P world. The conference attracted more than 8,000 oil & gas<br />
E&P professionals to Anaheim.<br />
V & M TUBES’ booth displayed its complete product range offer<br />
and service in North America including:<br />
• Drill pipe, heavyweight drill pipe, drill collars, non-magnetic drill<br />
collars and MWD housings, safety valves, and accessories for all<br />
drilling applications through <strong>VAM</strong> Drilling.<br />
• <strong>VAM</strong> Premium Connections for Tubing and Casing including its<br />
new High Torque connection: <strong>VAM</strong> HTF.<br />
• Casing and Tubing seamless pipes<br />
Experts from each division were present to answer questions.<br />
In 2008, V & M TUBES will participate to this event, which is being<br />
held this year on September 21st-24th at the Convention Center in<br />
Denver, Colorado.<br />
V & M TUBES has issued<br />
2 new brochures<br />
New Vice-President of<br />
the Oil & Gas Division<br />
of V & M TUBES<br />
The CLEANWELL leaflet dedicated to the actual product<br />
offer is now available. CLEANWELL is the complete solution<br />
from <strong>VAM</strong> which replaces both storage and running<br />
compounds. It is an innovative coating applied once in<br />
the mill or in a <strong>VAM</strong> licensee workshop on <strong>VAM</strong> leading<br />
product lines. CLEANWELL is a real step change from<br />
the mill to the rig and beyond in your wells.<br />
The <strong>VAM</strong> HTF leaflet is also available.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> HTF (High Torque Flush) is a true flush OD and ID integral<br />
connection providing maximum clearance along with<br />
superior torque strength for challenging applications such<br />
as drilling with casing, liner rotation to achieve better<br />
cementation in highly deviated and critical wells.<br />
To order a copy, please email it to:<br />
hassna.belmalek@vmtubes.fr<br />
Jean-Yves Le Cuziat Pierre Frentzel<br />
As of January 1st, 2008, Pierre<br />
Frentzel has now taken up his<br />
position as the new Managing Director<br />
of the Oil & Gas Division of V & M<br />
TUBES. He succeeds Jean-Yves<br />
Le Cuziat who is now Managing<br />
Director of the E & I Division (formerly<br />
HRT Division).<br />
V & M R E P O R T - O I L & G A S D I V I S I O N S P E C I A L I S S U E N R . 1 1 - A P R I L 2 0 0 8<br />
25
SPOTLIGHTS<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> CANADA<br />
Edmonton<br />
Vallourec acquires three<br />
businesses bringing high<br />
added value<br />
On October 30, 2007, the Group announced it had<br />
reached an agreement with Grant Prideco regarding<br />
the acquisition of Atlas Bradford ® Premium Threading<br />
& <strong>Services</strong>, TCA ® and Tube-Alloy.<br />
Atlas Bradford ® is recognized in North America as<br />
a leading supplier of premium <strong>OCTG</strong> and will complement<br />
Vallourec’s <strong>VAM</strong> ® product offering, providing<br />
key expertise in integral connections for the<br />
industry’s most demanding applications.<br />
TCA ® specializes in heat-treatment operations and<br />
markets high-grade tubular products with a strong<br />
focus on short-lead-time orders. TCA ® will provide<br />
Vallourec with additional premium capacity, specific<br />
expertise in sour services, and a clear geographical<br />
fit enabling Vallourec to extend its North<br />
American footprint.<br />
Tube-Alloy produces and repairs down-hole tubular<br />
accessories for the oil & gas industry, and specializes<br />
in complex threading and machining for<br />
custom-made orders. Combining this new activity<br />
with Vallourec’s international client base will open<br />
up interesting growth opportunities for the Group.<br />
All three companies have an excellent track record<br />
for providing premium connection technology and<br />
excellent customer service.<br />
As this issue went to press, the agreement was<br />
awaiting customary regulatory approvals.<br />
* Grant Prideco: international group specialized in drilling products<br />
(drill rods, connections, collars, etc.).<br />
TA – Casper<br />
Wyoming<br />
TCA – Muskogee<br />
Oklahoma<br />
TA – Houston<br />
Texas<br />
AB – Houston<br />
Texas<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> MEXICO<br />
Veracruz<br />
Vallourec in North America<br />
1,700 people (September 07)<br />
TA – Saint John’s<br />
NewFoundland, Canada<br />
Vallourec Tubes Canada<br />
Burlington<br />
V & M STAR<br />
Youngstown<br />
Valtimet Inc.<br />
Morristown<br />
TA – Broussard<br />
Louisiana<br />
TA – Houma<br />
Louisiana<br />
V & M STAR<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> USA<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> DRILLING USA<br />
V & M Tubes Corp.<br />
Houston<br />
New businesses<br />
+ 700 people<br />
Lutero Gouvea, V & M TUBES coordinator<br />
at Petrobras RN-CE, receives the prize of best supplier.<br />
Recognition of V & M do BRASIL<br />
by Petrobras<br />
On November 7th, 2007, V & M do BRASIL (VMB) was awarded<br />
the prize of Best Goods Supplier in the category of big contracts<br />
by the Unit of Petrobras in Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará (UN-RNCE).<br />
UN-RNCE gave this prize of “Best Suppliers of Goods and <strong>Services</strong>”<br />
as a recognition to the best performers in 2006.<br />
Out of the 1,800 companies that provide goods or services to<br />
UN-RNCE, only 23 were among the finalists. Out of these, eight were<br />
awarded the prize, 4 suppliers of goods and 4 of services. To qualify<br />
for the contest, companies went through a rigorous process of selection,<br />
evaluating quality, efficiency and adequacy of products and services<br />
provided.<br />
According to Lutero Gouvêa, who is the Coordinator of VMB’s<br />
Subsidiary in Mossoró, the main reasons for this achievement were:<br />
meeting the deadlines, price and quality of the services. Lutero said<br />
"Our difference is the customized service. As we work at the same site<br />
of Petrobras, we know the real needs of the client, which differentiates<br />
us even from our largest competitor, who was also a contestant".<br />
V & M Beijing received the first<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> HP order from China<br />
V<br />
& M Beijing received the first <strong>VAM</strong> HP order in China for well<br />
No.CK-1 in Sichuan basin, China.<br />
The well no.CK-1 is the top three deepest well in China, but with most<br />
sever geological conditions combining H2S and salt dome. The forcasted<br />
bottom hole temperature is 210oC and pressure 159 MPa.<br />
With its good communication channel and most sophisticated experience<br />
dealing with HTHP wells, V & M Beijing involved in this project<br />
at the stage of design for material and connection selection.<br />
The specification of this order including:<br />
273.05x18.64mm VM140HC /VM110HCSS <strong>VAM</strong> HP<br />
193.7x17.45mm VM140HC/VM110HCSS <strong>VAM</strong> HP<br />
Background:<br />
Sichuan Basin located in South-West China belongs to one of the<br />
most critical area in China for natural gas with H2S content up to<br />
15% and CO2 content up to 12%.<br />
V & M Beijing is one of the most important suppliers to this area with<br />
material covering VM110SS, VM110HCSS, VM140HC equipped with<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> TOP, <strong>VAM</strong> FJL, <strong>VAM</strong> MUST.<br />
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Client visit in Aulnoye drill plant<br />
L<br />
ast 5th and 6th December, <strong>VAM</strong> Drilling had the pleasure<br />
to welcome in Aulnoye-Aymeries (our drill plant<br />
in North of France) representatives from Turkmengas and<br />
Turkmenneft. Our guests coming from Turkmenistan had<br />
the opportunity to visit the drill plant and to attend a presentation<br />
of our product lines. This wonderful time spent<br />
together is good basis for our future collaboration.<br />
<strong>VAM</strong> Drilling School<br />
for Weatherford Brazil<br />
Saudi Aramco Drilling Symposium<br />
During October 2007, <strong>VAM</strong> Drilling organized a <strong>VAM</strong><br />
School assessment and training session with<br />
Weatherford operations in Vitoria, Brazil. The assessment<br />
was focused on the optimization and maintenance procedures<br />
for Drill Pipe Riser (DRP) with WO-SR connection<br />
type that Weatherford has been operating for Petrobras<br />
since 2000. The training session covered running and inspection<br />
procedures for a <strong>VAM</strong> Riser high pressure metal to<br />
metal seal connection (WO-HP) that Weatherford and<br />
Petrobras will operate in deep subsea wells completion and<br />
workover.<br />
L<br />
ast 1st and 2nd December took place in Al-Khobar the<br />
Saudi Aramco Drilling Symposium. We did present during<br />
the conference a technical paper on Hydroclean TM based on<br />
a successful case study, written with Hapiztuddin Mangor<br />
from Talisman Energy and Raymond Elder from COR (Certified<br />
Oilfield Rental). Also, we were selected to display our most<br />
recent connection development, <strong>VAM</strong> Express TM .<br />
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