Investigations in Urban Soils - Baltimore Ecosystem Study

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Glossary of Soil Terms ammonia - NH3+; a cation (a positively charged ion) that contains one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. bacteria – single-cell organisms having round, rod-like or spiral shaped bodies. They can be seen only with a microscope. They live in soil, air, water or bodies of plants and animals. Involved in cycling nutrients in the environment. castings – fecal material (droppings) excreted by earthworms at the soil surface; contain material for microbial activity clay – very fine soil particles; plastic when moist; sticky when wet; hard when dry; used for brick, tile, etc. Also applies to any Soil material that contains 40% or more clay,
Draft 2 - (9.28.04) Soils Urban in Investigations mor - a type of forest humus characterized by an accumulation of organic matter on the soil surface in matted Oe horizons, reflecting the dominant mycogenous (fungal) decomposers. The boundary between the organic horizon and the underlying mineral soil is abrupt. mull - a forest humus type characterized by intimate incorporation of organic matter into the upper mineral soil (i.e. a well developed A horizon) in contrast to accumulation on the surface. Nitrate - NO3- ; an anion (a negatively charged ion) that contains one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. nitrogen - an element that is an integral component of many compounds, including chlorophyll and enzymes, essential for plant growth processes. (Brady, 1990) nitrogen cycle - the sequence of biochemical changes undergone by nitrogen wherein it is used by a living organism, transformed upon the death and decomposition of the organism, and converted ultimately to its original oxidation state. organic matter – fresh or partially decomposed plant and animal materials parent material - the unconsolidated and more or less chemically weathered mineral or organic matter from which the column of soils is developed; the rock from which soils are derived. profile – a vertical section of a soil exposing its various subsurface layers (such as a high bank along the highway, or a soil core) sand - also refers to soil material that contains 85% or more of sand. silt – also refers to soil material that contains 80% or more silt and
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Investigations in Urban Soils - Baltimore Ecosystem Study

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