Water Used To Wash Milk Contact Surfaces - Dairy Farmers of Ontario

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Water Quality by-products and potential residuals in milk. Organic matter can be reduced before chlorination by filtration but filter maintenance and regular replacement are essential if that is to be effective. Flocculation with the addition of polymers could also be used but is difficult to achieve at the farm level. Use of activated carbon filters or reverse osmosis systems after chlorination at the point of use to reduce the chlorine and potentially dangerous and carcinogenic organic compounds which may be present in water as a result of chlorination. • High ammonia or organic material concentration in water leads to formation of chloramines reducing disinfection efficiency. Chlorine dose has to be modified to achieve appropriate levels of free chlorine but this is difficult to achieve at the farm level. It should be noted that the main disadvantage of chlorine use is that the higher the chlorine level used, the greater the concentration of the toxic by-products and the greater its corrosivity. 2. UV-light How does it work Recommended use • Transmission of UV-light produced by an UV-light tube at specified wavelengths through a column of flowing water. • Under appropriate conditions and sufficient flux is good disinfectant for most waters. 17
Water Quality Advantages Shortcomings Special considerations 3. Ozonation How does it work Recommended use Advantages • Inactivation of bacteria, protozoa and viruses in untreated or pre-filtered water. (These organisms may not be necessarily be killed but they cannot infect and grow after UV treatment.) • No known toxic by-products. • Does not eliminate bad smells or taste. • Not effective against all toxins in water. • High turbidity (water cloudiness) interferes with transmission of UV-light. Solution: Filtration or flocculation before the UV treatment. • High salt concentrations, particularly iron and magnesium ions, can interfere with the efficacy of UV treatment. Solution: Use water softeners/resin exchange systems before the UV-light treatment. • Spectrum and intensity of UV lamp changes with lamp age and needs monitoring and regular replacement to maintain process effectiveness. • Bubbling through water of ozone gas produced on-site by using air and UV-light systems or electric discharges. • Microbial disinfection of untreated or pre-filtered water. • Improves the overall quality of water. • Good disinfectant for removal of bacteria, protozoa and viruses 18
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Water Used To Wash Milk Contact Surfaces - Dairy Farmers of Ontario

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