Masonry History Integrity - National Center for Preservation ...

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This publication was developed under a grant from the National Park Service's National Center for Preservation Technology and Training. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Park Service or the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training. To my grandfather, the bricklayer My father, our hero Our Father, who art in heaven And all fathers, everywhere. With gratitude to my wife, Susan, and to our daughters, Nicole and Kristen, who persevered through the long year of the “booook.” Thanks to Uncle Al for giving me a trowel and the opportunity to explore masonry. Appreciation to the following for their assistance, encouragement and/or inspiration: The Brothers The Detwilers The Whites Steven Tinger Stephen Varone Anthony Watson Diana Thurman Lynne Funk Melissa Franqui Ed FitzGerald Andrew Ferrell Rudy Battle Ryan Ballinger Persuad Bheshan Sharlene Lawrence Michele Milano Ian Walker Dan Perakes Andy deGruchy Jay Merillat Dan Hiltebeitel Michael Tomlan Chester Liebs Max Ferro Wendy Ordemann Joe Humann Patrick Kennedy Michael Langwell Trudy Waites Peter Scallion Tim Keller Lisa Sasser John Fugleso PTN Eon Images Studiohworks HFG Group Scott Sauls Suzanne Weiss Barbara Ramos Erik Catamessa Mike Russakowski US DOI NPS NCPTT Thanks to Abyssinian Development Corporation, Youthbuild USA, Rand Engineering & Architecture, P.C.; and especially to the ADC Workforce Development Youthbuild Masonry Preservation and Building Conservation students.
Introduction Prelude According to the United States census and the NYC Department of Buildings, there are approximately 8.2 million people and over 975,000 buildings in New York City. Many of the buildings are over one hundred years old. Most are constructed with some sort of masonry material, to meet fire code regulations, and to endure the effects of time, weather and aging. One would think that a city full of large and aging masonry buildings might have schools or training programs for the repair and maintenance of this vast urban resource. But unfortunately, that is not the case. At this writing, there are no technical schools, trade schools or construction programs in New York City that offer basic hands-on masonry training to the general public. It is also noted that amongst the construction trades, there is a generally accepted understanding that the preservation, repair, conservation and maintenance of older buildings requires a different set of skills than those required for new construction. Presently, there are a half dozen college programs offering specialized hand-on masonry conservation training. But, there are no schools or programs in the United States providing an introduction to masonry conservation at the high school level. There is however, one such program in New York City, provided by the Abyssinian Development Corporation (ADC). It offers young men and women the opportunity to obtain a high school general equivalency diploma (GED) and learn about various construction careers, including masonry, masonry conservation and green building technology. The Abyssinian Baptist Church is the oldest African-American Baptist church in the state of New York. It was organized in lower Manhattan, in 1809, by Ethiopian merchants who gave it the title Abyssinia, the ancient name of their home country. The congregation moved to Harlem in 1923 where the area became a hub for African American culture and renowned for its music during the Harlem Renaissance. The Abyssinian Baptist Church has played a major role in American history by striving for social justice through the elimination of racial discrimination and through the leadership of its Pastors, Adam Clayton Powell Sr. and Jr., who served in the United States Congress. The church is a political, spiritual and social icon of New York City with one of the largest African American congregations in the country. It also has a world-wide reputation for its gospel music tradition. i
Page 4 and 5: Introduction Abyssinian Development
Page 6 and 7: Introduction A photograph, portrait
Page 8 and 9: Introduction Three math problems we
Page 10 and 11: Introduction The best revenge again
Page 12 and 13: Table of Contents Building of the E
Page 14 and 15: Table of Contents Pouring Concrete:
Page 16 and 17: Table of Contents Activities 157 1.
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? Chapter
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? Masonry
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? The too
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? PLUM AN
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? Things:
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? Mechani
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? ACTIVIT
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 1: What is Masonry? 3. Addi
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? What’s Mor
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? Lime mortars
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? Sand Sand is
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? Shovel comes
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? MORTAR JOINT
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? Places, Thin
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? Quotes and L
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? 2. Scooping
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2: Got Mortar? To get the v
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Bric
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Tech
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Bloc
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Some
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? The
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Andr
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? The
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Syno
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Chapter 3: Why Are Bricks Red? Proc
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! Stone Su
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! Metamorp
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! Pointed
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! - If a m
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! MOHS’
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! MEDAL OF
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! The Reco
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! 1. Carvi
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Chapter 4: The city rocks! Con
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? Terra Wha
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? Knowing T
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? Stainless
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? TERRA COT
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? People: W
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? Above the
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? One of th
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? It includ
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? ACTIVITIE
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Chapter 5: Terra Whatt-a? Note: Fol
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? It’
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? have
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? Cast
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete?
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? Pour
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? WORLD
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? Thoma
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? Corpo
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? ACTIV
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Chapter 6: That’s Concrete? Tamp
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster Chapter 7
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster However,
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster became th
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster If keys h
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster People, P
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster WWII STAT
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster Buildings
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster Testimoni
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Chapter 7: It’s Plaster Procedure
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Chapter 8: Stucco and Masonry Paint
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Chapter 9: Clean Outside—Façade
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Chapter 10: Maintenance - Care and
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof Chapter
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof Standing
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof Modified
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof Copings
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof finger a
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof People,
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof At night
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Chapter 11: Up on the Roof 2. Repai
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Chapter 12: Here Today, Green Tomor
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Closing Closing The Conclusion and
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Closing I see trees of green, red r
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Closing The bright blessed day, dar
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Closing …of people going by. I se
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Closing Yes, I think to myself… W
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Closing About history Guilds The
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Closing trade schools skyscrapers
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Closing This primer is about masonr
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Web Resources “Craft Guilds and C
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Web Resources The Tools: Jointers a
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Web Resources http://www.humanities
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Web Resources Who? Arthur MacArthur
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Web Resources “Hampton and Its St
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Web Resources Quotes “Captain Joh
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Web Resources The “How” of Stuc
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Web Resources Preparations, Precaut
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Web Resources “Benjamin C. Thomps
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Web Resources Urban homesteading
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Photograph and Illustration Credits
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Web Resources Civil War battle. Lib
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Web Resources Soldiers in Wernberg,
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Web Resources Saint Thomas Builders
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About the Author 253
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