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Stabilisers – What’s new?<br />
Rainer Grasmück <br />
ESPA -‐ The European Stabiliser Producers AssociaBon
Outline<br />
About ESPA<br />
Lead stabilisers<br />
Calcium-‐based stabilisers<br />
Tin stabilisers<br />
Liquid mixed-‐metals stabilisers<br />
ContribuBon to VinylPlus<br />
Conclusion<br />
2
European Stabiliser Producers AssociaBon<br />
Pan-‐European trade associaBon represenBng more than<br />
95% of the PVC stabiliser industry across Europe<br />
Affiliated to Cefic -‐ the European Chemical Industry Council<br />
Member of VinylPlus (www.vinylplus.eu)<br />
A unique organisaBon represenBng four sub-‐groups:<br />
• ECOSA – Calcium organic stabilisers (among which Ca-‐Zn) for food contact<br />
& medical applica@ons, plus all lead replacement systems<br />
• ETINSA – Tin stabilisers used primarily in rigid applica@ons including food<br />
contact use<br />
• ELISA – Liquid stabilisers used in a wide range of flexible PVC, calendered<br />
sheets, flooring<br />
• ELSA – Lead-‐based stabilisers used primarily in pipes and profiles<br />
3
2011 consumpBon by stabiliser category <br />
EU 27 + Norway, Switzerland, Turkey<br />
Stabiliser<br />
Tons<br />
Lead 28.595<br />
Ca-‐based 93.933<br />
Liquid<br />
MM<br />
14.786<br />
Tin 12.427<br />
TOTAL 149.741<br />
4
ESPA 2012: 11 Members<br />
5
Lead-‐based stabilisers: phase-‐out<br />
ESPA target<br />
To replace lead stabilisers by end 2015 in EU-‐27<br />
ESPA achievements (end 2011)<br />
Replacement of lead in EU-‐15 (2000 -‐ 2011): Minus 82 %<br />
Replacement of lead in EU-‐27 (2007 -‐ 2011): Minus 71 %<br />
Same trend of progressive subs@tu@on of lead-‐based stabilisers across the<br />
en@re EU-‐27. <br />
The corresponding growth in calcium-‐based stabilisers (alterna@ve to lead<br />
stabilisers) confirms this trend– see next slide<br />
6
Lead-‐based stabilisers: replacement trend<br />
Stabilisers consumpBon (tonnes) in EU 27 + Norway, Switzerland, Turkey<br />
120000<br />
EU-‐27 (plus Norway, Switzerland and Turkey)<br />
100000<br />
80000<br />
Tonnes<br />
60000<br />
40000<br />
20000<br />
0<br />
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011<br />
Lead stabilisers<br />
Calcium organic stabilisers<br />
7
Lead-‐based stabilisers and REACh<br />
RegistraBon<br />
• All the lead-‐based stabilisers which have a commercial relevance have<br />
been registered by December 2010<br />
RestricBons, current and upcoming<br />
• All lead compounds are under scru@ny by MS, Commission and ECHA<br />
• In par@cular lead monoxide, the raw material to prepare stabilisers, is<br />
being assessed by ECHA upon a request from the Commission<br />
• The purpose is to establish whether to develop an Annex XV dossier for<br />
risk management op@ons (precursor to Restric@on or Authorisa@on)<br />
• Lead oxide is an intermediate in the produc@on of lead stabilisers and as<br />
such it is out of the scope of Authoriza@on<br />
8
Lead stabilisers and REACh<br />
No ques@on was raised concerning any possible earlier phase-‐out of lead-based<br />
stabilisers during recent mee@ngs with the Commission<br />
Norway re-‐submiced last November to the WTO a proposal to ban<br />
products for consumer use containing lead<br />
Such a ban could pose a barrier for the free circula@on of ar@cles made<br />
from recycled PVC, which is likely to contain legacy lead<br />
A study to model the evolu@on of the lead content in recycled PVC over<br />
@me has been commissioned with the consultant TAUW (NL). <br />
This study will parallel the report on cadmium, an other legacy addi@ve,<br />
which had been well received by the EU Commission and proved decisive<br />
in seeng a maximum concentra@on in ar@cles allowing the use of recycled<br />
PVC. <br />
9
Calcium-‐based stabilisers<br />
Calcium-‐organic based stabilisers (among which Ca-‐Zn) are<br />
principally used for:<br />
• food contact & medical applica@ons<br />
• all lead replacement systems<br />
There are no known Reach registra@on issues for the main system<br />
components of this family of stabilisers<br />
Is the main stabiliser group considered within the scope of the<br />
VinylPlus Task Force “Sustainable Use of Addi@ves” <br />
10
Tin stabilisers<br />
There are three families of @n stabilisers:<br />
MethylBns<br />
ButylBns<br />
OctylBns<br />
Each family is further split in mono-‐alkyl and di-‐alkyl<br />
The commercial substances do usually contain both mono-‐ and di-‐ in variable<br />
propor@ons and are named according to the major cons@tuent<br />
The remaining groups acached to @n are esters, typically a thioglycolate<br />
(abbrevia@on: EHTG or EHMA)<br />
REACh RegistraBon<br />
Several @n stabilisers were already registered by December 2010 (“Tier 1”)<br />
The Organo@n REACh Consor@um is progressing towards addi@onal<br />
registra@ons due by June 2013 (“Tier 2”)<br />
11
Tin stabilisers: ClassificaBon & Labelling under CLP (GHS)<br />
always specify to which legisla0on “cat. 2 “ refers to avoid confusion. This is<br />
important because CMR cat. 2 (CLP) is not qualifying for Authoriza@on.<br />
*DSD = Direc6ve 67/548 EEC (Dangerous Substances Direc6ve)<br />
12
Tin stabilisers: CMR classificaBons<br />
Stabiliser CMR classificaBons (CLP) * Remark<br />
Methyl@ns, mono<br />
Methyl@ns, di<br />
Butyl@ns, mono<br />
Reprotoxic cat 2<br />
Reprotoxic cat 2 <br />
None<br />
Butyl@ns, di Reprotoxic cat 1b Restric@ons in Reach Annex<br />
XVII for dibutyl @ns<br />
Octyl@ns, mono<br />
Octyl@ns, di<br />
None<br />
DOT (EHTG)2: Reprotoxic cat 1b<br />
proposed by ECHA** <br />
Restric@ons in Reach Annex<br />
XVII for dioctyl @ns<br />
* Cat 1b (CLP) corresponds to cat 2 under the previous classifica6on under Direc6ve 67/548 EEC<br />
(Dangerous Substances Direc6ve, DSD)<br />
**Note that (re)classifica6on of a substance (hazard-‐based aspect) does not change its<br />
toxicological profile (DNELs) nor its Risk Characterisa6on Ra6o used to establish the Exposure<br />
Scenario (risk-‐based aspect)<br />
13
Tin Stabilisers: restricBons in REACh Annex XVII<br />
Since 1 January 2012: <br />
DibutylBns are restricted in all applica@ons, with a few exemp@ons un@l<br />
1st January 2015 , in par@cular for: <br />
• soo PVC profiles<br />
• PVC-‐coated fabrics for outdoor applica@ons<br />
• outdoor rainwater pipes, gucers & fiengs, covering for roofing &<br />
façades<br />
DioctylBns are only restricted for supply/ use by the general public in: <br />
• tex@le ar@cles intended to come in contact with the skin <br />
• gloves <br />
• footwear intended to come into contact with the skin <br />
• wall and floor coverings<br />
For details see Com. Regula6on EU 276/2010 in Official Journal of 31 March 2010<br />
14
Tin stabilisers: summary<br />
Many stabilisers of the organo@ns family have already been registered and<br />
the Consor@um is progressing towards addi@onal registra@ons<br />
The Restric6ons included in REACh Annex XVII provide Regulatory<br />
certainty: the dates by which the use of some organo@ns in specific<br />
applica@ons have to be discon@nued are known<br />
Under CLP the scull and crossbones label has been replaced by a less<br />
emo@onal pictogram for many @n stabilisers<br />
With the switch to CLP there is a risk of confusion concerning the CMR<br />
classifica@on “cat. 2” always specify to which legisla@on it does refer (DSD<br />
or CLP)<br />
Classifica@on as CMR cat 1b is one of the criteria used in the iden@fica@on<br />
of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)<br />
15
Liquid Stabilisers<br />
Liquid Mixed Metal stabilisers<br />
used principally for flexible PVC, calendered sheets and<br />
flooring<br />
have been almost totally reformulated over the last<br />
years owing to REACh and re-‐classifica@on of some<br />
components<br />
the LMM Consor@um is on schedule to complete the<br />
REACh registra@ons due in 2013<br />
16
ParBcipaBon to the VinylPlus acBviBes<br />
ESPA contributes to the following Task Forces (TF):<br />
• Addi@ves TF<br />
-‐ Sustainable use of addi@ves<br />
• Sustainable Footprint TF (greenhouse gas, water, energy, etc)<br />
• Renewable raw materials TF<br />
• Controlled loop (Recycling) TF<br />
• Energy reduc@on TF<br />
ESPA is acBve in the CommunicaBon Commilee<br />
17
Sustainable use of AddiBves<br />
VinylPlus AddiBves Task Force (TF)<br />
Covers a very large number (~ 200) of widely different substances:<br />
fillers, flame retardants, impact modifiers, lubricants, pigments, plas@cisers,<br />
stabilisers, etc.<br />
The TF defined 5 criteria for the sustainable use of addiBves:<br />
1) The successful implementa@on of REACH<br />
2) Commitment to research innova@ve solu@ons<br />
3) To document that the addi@ves are safe to use in their specific applica@ons<br />
4) To conduct Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) based on common standards (ISO or TNS –<br />
The Natural Step) and including the use of the ar@cles and recycling<br />
5) The addi@ves must be fit for purpose and meet the socio-‐economic<br />
requirements<br />
18
Sustainable use of AddiBves<br />
From those criteria a set of iniBal targets were derived:<br />
Environmental Product DeclaraBon (EPD) will be worked out for 3 major<br />
applicaBons:<br />
• Sewage pipes, window profiles & flooring<br />
• Timing: first results expected by end 2012<br />
AddiBves manufacturers will use the TNS* model to assess the<br />
sustainability of their products<br />
• Timing: results available for some addi@ves by end 2012<br />
EPD refinement/adjustment based on experience gained & TNS input<br />
• Development of a scoring scheme for ra@ng the sustainability of addi@ves<br />
• Timing: from 2013 onwards<br />
CommunicaBon to VinylPlus stakeholders/supply chain<br />
* TNS: The Natural Step, as explained by Dr Mark Everard in PVC, reaching for sustainability<br />
19
Conclusion<br />
PVC Stabilisers are present in a PVC compound at a low percentage only<br />
but they are crucial ingredients without which PVC cannot be processed<br />
ESPA members are con@nuously adap@ng the stabilisers to address the<br />
new regulatory constraints<br />
ESPA is contribu@ng in a decisive way to address the challenge of<br />
sustainability of PVC through the Voluntary phase out of lead-‐based<br />
stabilisers and through its contribu@on to the VinylPlus Task Forces<br />
ESPA members are constantly devo@ng important resources to R&D, in<br />
order to provide the market with the most sustainable addi@ves, in line<br />
with the VinylPlus criteria<br />
This allows ESPA members to con@nue to supply performant and<br />
REACh-‐compliant solu@ons to the PVC chain<br />
20
More info on stabilisers: ESPA website<br />
ESPA launched a new website www.stabilisers.eu <br />
providing up-‐to-‐date informa@on on stabilisers & applica@ons<br />
Contact: Sylvie Famelart, Communication Counsellor – sfa@cefic.be
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