Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Ch. 18 Notes-Part II Succession What is succession? Changes over time. Succession can occur in decades or even centuries. It can take a really long time. If you didn’t cut the grass, what would happen to it? 1) It would grow larger 2) Weeds would start to grow 3) The area will look like a meadow 4) Bushes will grow 5) Trees will appear 6) Less light will reach the ground b/c of the trees 7) The grass will slowly disappear 8) The area will become a forest Stages of succession 1) Primary succession – colonization of new sites by organisms Example) Lava from a volcano, an avalanche makes new territory for organisms 2) Climax Community – A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species 3) Secondary succession – sequence of community changes that takes place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human actions (occurs in areas that previously contained life, and on land that contains soil) Example) Forest fire, hurricanes, farmers abandon a field, a building is demolished BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY & CONSERVATION Biodiversity – variety of life in an area (More biodiversity in the warmer environments) Threatened species-Endangered species-Extinct species Threats to Biodiversity 1) Habitat loss – when rainforests and coral reefs are wiped out 2) Habitat fragmentation – separation of wilderness areas from other wilderness areas (like islands) 3) Edge effect – when climate is changed along the edge of an ecosystem 4) Habitat degradation – damage to a habitat by pollution 5) Introduction of exotic animals – introducing a new species into an ecosystem Conservation biology – new field that studies method and implements plans to protect biodiversity How to conserve 1) Legal protection – no one can hunt or kill any animal on the endangered species list 2) Preserving habitats – installing national parks 3) Reintroduction programs – bringing species back to where they once lived 4) Captivity – people holding onto organisms in a zoo Cycles in nature There is only a limited amount of resources (water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon) on the earth In order to keep these resources available to organisms, they must be recycled after they are used Cycle: a process that recycles a resource so that you end up with what you started with 6
Nitrogen Cycle 7 1. Nitrogen fixation: Bacteria in the ground change nitrogen from the atmosphere (N 2 ) to different nitrogen compounds 5. Denitrification: Bacteria change the nitrogen compounds back to N 2 and release it to the atmosphere 2. These bacteria live in plants and transfer the nitrogen compounds to the plants 4. Bacteria eat the dead animals and animal waste and take in the nitrogen compounds 3. Animals eat the plants and take in the nitrogen compounds Bacteria change nitrogen compounds back to nitrogen and release it into the atmosphere Bacteria eat dead animals Nitrogen in atmosphere Bacteria in roots change nitrogen to nitrogen compounds
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 18:Ecology Notes Ecology S
Page 3 and 4: Bacteria Food Chains Trophic levels
Page 5: Food web • A network of connected
Page 9: Oxygen-Carbon Cycle 9 1. Carbon dio

Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?