Avian Influenza Antibody ELISA

AIV PLUS
ProFLOK ® AIV PLUS ELISA (Turkey data)
Avian influenza virus antibody test kit
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection, also known as Fowl plague, is a viral disease of domestic and wild birds. Clinical signs
in domestic poultry can range from mild respiratory disease to significant drops in egg production and very high mortality.
The causal orthomyxoviruses are Type A influenza viruses. There are 16 known serologically distinct subtypes based on
surface hemagglutinins and nine based on neuraminidases. 1
The ProFLOK ® AIV PLUS ELISA kit is a rapid and specific presumptive screening test for the detection of antibody to AIV in
chicken and turkey serum samples. It was designed for screening large numbers of sera from numerous flocks. However,
many additional conventional AIV serologic tests, including agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), hemagglutination inhibition
(HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI), 2,3 and virus isolation techniques are needed to confirm AIV-negative and AIVinfected
flocks.
Features and benefits
• Screening test for the detection of antibodies to AIV in chicken and turkey serum samples
• High sensitivity (90%) and specificity (99%) demonstrated when compared with Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) 5
• USDA-licensed; National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP)-approved screening test
• Long shelf life of 24 months for easy inventory management
Kit performance
Sensitivity 4
The sensitivity of the ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA kit compared with AGID was demonstrated using turkey sera collected by
the University of Minnesota. The panel consisted of 159 serum samples from 11 commercial turkey flocks with varying
AIV status. Sensitivity was 90% (see Table 1). 4
Specificity 4
Excellent specificity was demonstrated when compared with AGID using turkey sera collected by the University of
Minnesota as demonstrated in Table 1.
Table 1: Comparison of ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA and AGID using turkey sera
ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
AGID positive 69 8
AGID negative 1 81
Sensitivity 90%
Specificity 99%

ProFLOK ® AIV PLUS ELISA (Turkey data)
Interpreting results
When evaluating the ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA kit results, keep in mind that the ELISA is a flock test. Flock decisions should not be
made on an individual sample or a flock sample with fewer than 10 serum samples.
The ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA kit sample-to-positive (SP) ratio values and/or ELISA antibody titer values obtained for sera should be
interpreted using the following value ranges:
SP VALUE ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA ANTIBODY TITER RANGE ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA PRESUMED ANTIBODY STATUS
Less than 0.350 0 Nonreactive a
0.350 or greater 338 or greater Positive b
a
Nonreactive. Serum samples with the ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA kit SP ratio of less than 0.350 receive a “0” antibody titer value
and are presumed nonreactive for AIV antibody. However, a variety of factors could result in an AIV-infected chicken or turkey
flock yielding AIV nonreactive ELISA results, such as possible AIV strain variations that may exhibit atypical biological and/or antigenic
properties, 2 prevalence of an AIV strain within a flock and timing and randomness of serum sample collection procedures. It is therefore
recommended that each chicken or turkey flock only be considered to be AIV nonreactive after both: 1. Each flock has been adequately
sampled and repeatedly tested several times and has yielded negative ProFLOK AIV PLUS ELISA results each time; and
2. Each flock has been adequately sampled and repeatedly tested by standard conventional serologic tests (AGID, HI and NI) and AIV
virus isolation techniques 5 and has yielded AIV nonreactive serologic and virus isolation results each time.
b
Positive. Additional conventional serologic testing and virus isolation of samples collected from presumed ProFLOK AIV PLUS
ELISA antibody positive flocks using standard techniques are needed to obtain a confirmed positive diagnosis of AIV infection
within a flock. Samples may yield false positive results if the serum tested is fatty or highly contaminated with bacteria or debris.
Please exclude poor-quality serum samples from ELISA analysis.
Kit code and contents
U.S. code: 96-6552
Europe code: AUCAIV+450
Contents: 450 tests (five 96-well plates)
References:
1
Fouchier RAM, Munster V, Wallensten A, et al. Characterization of a Novel Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Subtype (H16) Obtained from Black-Headed Gulls.
J Virol 2005;79(5):2814-2822.
2
Beard CW. Demonstration of type-specific influenza antibody in mammalian and avian sera by immunodiffusion. Bull of the World Health Organ
1970;42:779-785.
3
Meulemans G, Carlier MC, Gonze M, Petit P. Comparison of Hemagglutination-Inhibition, Agar Gel Precipitin and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for
Measuring Antibodies Against Influenza Viruses in Chickens. Avian Dis 1987;31:560-563.
4
Data on file, Research Report, August 15, 2006, Zoetis Inc.
5
Swayne DE, Senne DA, Suarez DL. Avian influenza. In: Dufour-Zavala L, et al., eds. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation, Identification, and Characterization
of Avian Pathogens. 5th ed. Athens, Ga: American Association of Avian Pathologists, Omnipress Inc, 2008;128-134.
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