ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY ON THE ...

MACEDONIAN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OPERATOR 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY 

ON THE RECONSTRUCTION AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF 

110 kV TRANSMISSION LINE 

TS SKOPJE 1 - TS JUGOHROM - TS TETOVO 1

Еnvironmental impact assessment study on the reconstruction and the construction of 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

Title of the document 

Environmental impact assessment study on the reconstruction 

and the construction of 110 kV transmission line “TS Skopje 1 - 

TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1” 

Investor: 

Designer: 

H.C. MEPSO (Macedonian transmission system operator)- 

Skopje 

EKO-TEAM, d.о.о - Skopje 

Engaged technical perssonal from EKO - TEAM - Skopje 

Aleksandra Karakashova – Environmental engineer 

Engaged technical perssonal from IND – ЕКО – Rijeka 

Miroslav Emling – Master of Chemical Science 

Marija Dugalic - technology engineer 

Slobodan Strbac - structural engineer 

Velibor Trbojevic - mechanical engineer 

Zeljko Smitran - barrister 

External coworkers 

Stole Georgiev – Centar for local development – Skopje - Environmental engineer 

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ABBREVIATIONS: 

- H.C. MEPSO (Macedonian transmission system operator) 

- EVN Macedonia - Power Supply Company 

- MOEPP – Ministry of Environmental and Physical Planning 

- TL – transmission line 

- TS - transformer station 

- EMR – electromagnetic radiation 

- AZ - Tightening corner, corner pillars 

- kV – Kilovolts 

- EIA - Environmental impact assessment 

- SP – Spatial Plan 

- SNR - Special natural reserve 

- MN - monument of the nature-protected 

- IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 

- ECSEE APL 3 - “Transmission grid development project”– World Bank 

- HP - Hydro power plant 

- UNPREDEP - UN Security mission 

- CEP - Chemical-Energy Plant 

- SO 2 - Sulfur dioxide 

- CO – Carbon monoxide 

- О 3 - Ozone 

- NO 2 - Nitrogen dioxide 

- PM10 – Particles with a diameter smaller than 10 μm 

- MPC – Maximum permitted concentration 

- RWS - Regional water supply system 

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CONTENT 

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................... 10 

1. WORK CONTEXT............................................................................................................................. 13 

1.1. AIM AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 13 

1.2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................. 14 

WHAT DOES THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESMENT STUDY MEAN AND WHEN IT IS 

CARRYED OUT?.................................................................................................................................. 15 

HOW THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS OF THE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IS CARRIED 

OUT? .................................................................................................................................................... 17 

STAGES IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCEDURE OF THE 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT STUDY ....................................................................... 20 

1.3. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROJECT............................................................................................ 21 

1.4. CONSIDERED VARIANTS – ALTERNATIVES............................................................................. 22 

ZERO ALTERNATIVES........................................................................................................................ 22 

ALTERNATIVE 1 - THE EXISTING ROUTE RECOVERY.................................................................... 22 

ALTERNATIVE 2 - DRAFT ALTERNATIVE......................................................................................... 24 

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................................. 27 

2.1. PROJECT SCOPE......................................................................................................................... 29 

2.2. PROJECT COMPONENTS............................................................................................................ 34 

2.3. ACTIVITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... 35 

2.4. PROJECTED ACTIVITIES FOR MAINETNACE OF THE NEW PROJECT .................................. 37 

3. DESCRIPTON OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT........................................................................ 38 

3.1. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS............................................................................................................... 39 

3.2. TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS.................................................................................................. 45 

3.3. GEOLOGIC, GEOMORPHOLOGIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 

TERRAIN .............................................................................................................................................. 45 

3.4. SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER.................................................................................. 47 

3.5. THE REGION................................................................................................................................. 49 

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3.6. ECOLOGY AND BIOTIC RESOURCES........................................................................................ 52 

3.7. AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................................ 58 

3.8. WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................................................... 64 

3.9. POPULATION................................................................................................................................ 65 

3.10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS................................................................................................... 68 

3.11. CULTURAL MONUMENTS ......................................................................................................... 69 

3.12. TOURIST PLACES...................................................................................................................... 72 

3.13. MINERAL RESOURCES FIELD.................................................................................................. 72 

3.14. LAND USAGE ............................................................................................................................. 76 

3.15. CONSTANT AND PROJECTED INFRASTRUCTURE................................................................ 77 

4. DESRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE 

ENVIRONMENT, ON LOCAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVEL..................................................... 81 

4. 1. IMPACTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................. 82 

4.1.1. INFLUENCE OVER PEOPLE’S HEALTH .................................................................................. 83 

4.1.2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES AND IMPACTS............................................................. 85 

4.1.3. THE IMPACT ON THE AIR QUALITY ........................................................................................ 86 

4.1.4. CLIMATIC- METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES AND IMPACTS .................................................. 87 

4.1.5. THE IMPACT OF THE NOISE .................................................................................................... 88 

4.1.6. VIBRATIONS IMPACT ............................................................................................................... 89 

4.1.7 THE IMPACTS ON THE WATER QUALITY................................................................................ 90 

4.1.8 IMPACTS ON THE SOIL AND THE GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................ 91 

4.1.9. THE IMPACT ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA ............................................................................ 92 

4.1.10. THE IMPACTS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE ................................... 93 

4.1.11. THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACTS ......................................................................................... 94 

4.1.12. WASTE MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................................... 95 

4.1.13. THE IMPACT OVER THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE ........................................................... 99 

4.2. THE IMPACT IN THE EXPLOATATION STAGE ........................................................................ 100 

4.2.1 THE IMPACT ON THE PEOPLE’S HEALTH............................................................................. 100 

4.2.2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES AND IMPACTS........................................................... 102 

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4.2.3. THE IMPACT ON THE AIR QUALITY ...................................................................................... 102 

4.2.4. CLIMATIC-METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES AND IMPACTS ................................................. 103 

4.2.5. THE IMPACTS FROM THE NOISE .......................................................................................... 103 

4.2.6. THE IMPACT FROM THE VIBRATIONS.................................................................................. 103 

4.2.7. THE IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY ............................................................................... 103 

4.2.8. THE IMPACT OF THE SOIL AND THE GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................ 104 

4.2.9. THE IMPACT ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA .......................................................................... 104 

4.2.10. THE IMPACT ON THE LANDSCAPE..................................................................................... 105 

4.2.11. THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACT.......................................................................................... 106 

4.1.12. WASTE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 106 

4.2.13. THE IMPACT ON THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE .............................................................. 107 

4.2.14. USE VALUE OF THE LAND................................................................................................... 107 

4.2.15. WAR DESTRUCTION, NATURAL AND TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS...... 107 

4. 3. THE FINISHING STAGE OF THE WORK OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE............................... 108 

5. DECRIPTION OF THE DIMINISHING MEASURES OF THE HARMFUL IMPACTS ON THE 

ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................................................................. 110 

5.1. DIMINISHING MEASURES AND COMPENSATION MEASURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION 

STAGE................................................................................................................................................ 111 

5.1.1. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE PEOPLE’S HEALTH .................... 111 

5.1.2. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE SOCIAL AND THE ECONOMIC CHANGES AND 

IMPACTS............................................................................................................................................ 113 

5.1.3. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE AIR QUALITY............................... 113 

5.1.4. MEASUREMENTS FOR DIMINISHING THE CLIMATIC-METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES 

AND IMPACTS ................................................................................................................................... 115 

5.1.5. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE NOISE ..................................... 116 

5.1.6. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE VIBRATIONS .......................... 117 

5.1.7. DIMINISHING MEASURES OF THE IMPACTS ON THE WATER QUALITY .......................... 118 

5.1.8. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE SOIL AND THE GEOLOGICAL 

CHARACTERISTICS.......................................................................................................................... 125 

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5.1.9. MEASUREMENTS FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA......... 126 

5.1.10. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE LANDSCAPE 


5.1.11. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE CREATION OF THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACT... 130 

5.1.12. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT............... 131 

5.1.13. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE....... 133 

5.2. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACVTS IN THE EXPLOITATION STAGE ................ 134 

5.2.1. MEASURES FOR DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACTS ON THE PEOPLE’S HEALTH....... 134 

5.2.2. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING OF THE SOCIAL AND THE ECONOMIC CHANGES AND 


5.2.3. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING OF THE IMPACTS ON THE AIR QUALITY......................... 136 

5.2.4. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE CLIMATIC-METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES AND 


5.2.5. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE NOISE ..................................... 136 

5.2.6. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE VIBRATIONS .......................... 137 

5.2.7. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE WATER QUALITY........................ 137 



5.2.9. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA................... 138 



5.2.11. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACT..................................... 139 

5.2.12. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 139 

5.2.13. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING OF THE IMPACTS ON THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE. 140 

5.3. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACT FROM THE CEASE OF THE WORK OF THE 

TRANSMISSION LINE AND ITS ABUNDANCE ................................................................................ 140 

5.4. GENERAL MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................... 141 

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ANALYZIS OF THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT REALIZATION: 

RECONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE 110 KV TRANSMISSION LINE ‘TS 

SKOPJE – TS JUGOHROM – TS TETOVO1’ ON THE ENVIRONMENT .......................................... 145 

PLAN FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM ON THE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE 

TRANSSMISSION LINES (ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK STANDARDS) .......................... 155 

6. DRAFT- PLAN FOR ENVIROMENT OBSERVANCE..................................................................... 162 

6.1. MONITORING DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE............................................................ 163 

6.2. MONITORING DURING THE EXPLOITATION STAGE .............................................................. 164 

DRAFT MONITORING PLAN............................................................................................................. 165 

MONITORING (OBSERVING) ENVIRONMENT PLAN FROM THE TRANSMISSION LINE 

(ACCORDING THE WORLD BANK STANDARDS) .......................................................................... 170 

7. CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................ 174 

SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................................... 176 

9. ENCLOSURES ............................................................................................................................... 180 

1. INFORMAUON ABOUT DESIGNER OF THE STUDY................................................................... 181 

2. FINAL CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................. 184 

3. ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE INTENTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT.............. 188 

4. DECISION FOR DETERMINATION OF THE NEED FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF 

THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND EXTENT OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE 

IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT..................................................................... 189 

5. CHECKLIST FOR DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF THE ASSESSMENT STUDY........... 192 

6. SITUATION ON THE ROUTE - MAIN PROECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF 110 KV 

TRANSMISSION LINE TS SKOPJE 1 - TS JUGOHROM - TS TETOVO 1 ....................................... 200 

7. SITUATION ON THE ROUTE - SPATIAL PLANNING CONDITIONS FOR DESIGNING OF 

URBAN PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF 110 KV 

TRANSMISSION LINE TS SKOPJE 1 - TS JUGOHROM - TS TETOVO 1 ....................................... 201 

8. TECHNICAL DEMANDS ................................................................................................................ 203 

9. EXCERPT FROM CHAPTER VIII- INTERSECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINES AND THEIR 

APPROACHING OBJECTS, AN EXCERPT FROM THE RULEBOOK ON TECHNICAL NORMS 

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IN CONSTRUCTION OF ABOVEGROUND ELECTRO-ENERGETIC TRANSMISSION LINES 

WITH A NOMINAL VOLTAGE OF 1KV TO 400KV............................................................................ 209 

10. EXCERPT FROM THE SP- REGIONALIZATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF THE AREA 

FOR PROTECTION ............................................................................................................................ 222 

11. EXCERPT FROM THE SP - SETTLEMENTS AND TRAFFIC INFRASTRUCTURE................... 225 

12. EXCERPT FROM SP - THE USAGE OF THE LAND ................................................................... 227 

13. EXCERPT FROM SP - WATER-SUPPLY AND ENERGETIC INFRASTRUCTURE.................... 229 

14. A LIST OF FOREST COMUNITIES - ACCORDING TO FORESTRY-ECONOMIC UNITS.......... 231 

15. OVERVIEW OF THE RACER TYPES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) ALONG THE ROUTE 

OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE ......................................................................................................... 238 

SKOPJE REGION .............................................................................................................................. 239 

16. LAW REGULATION ON THE PROCES OF THE IMVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT 

(EIA).................................................................................................................................................... 240 

17. REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND LITERATURE USED IN PREPARATION OF THE 

STUDY ON IMVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT STUDY (EIAS)............................................ 245 

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INTRODUCTION 

H.C. MEPSO (Macedonian transmission system operator) is an entirely state owned 

company, which was established in 2005 with the transformation of Elekstrostopanstvo (Power 

Supply Company) of Macedonia. The main activity of MEPSO is continuous transmission of the 

electricity through high-voltage grid and timely and constant power supply to its users, direct 

consumers and to distributive and low voltage grid of EVN in Macedonia. In order to perform its 

work H.C MEPSO was granted three licenses by the Regulatory Commission in duration of 35 

years which will have expired by 2040. The first license is License for performing energetic activity 

which is power transmission. The second is License for power supply organization and power 

supply market management and the third license is License on management of electro energetic 

system. 

The two key functions of MEPSO are electricity transmission and management with the electro 

energetic system. MEPSO is responsible for regular transmission of the electricity from the 

Macedonian border to the distributive grid of EVN ESM or to the above mentioned direct users. 

MEPSO organizes and dispatches the transit of the electricity through the electro energetic system 

of Macedonia, and at the same time is responsible for the balance of the electro energetic system. 

MEPSO owns high voltage transmission line grid of 110, 220 and 400 kV transformer stations from 

400/110 kV, 220/110 kV and 110/110 kV. In providing security in the process of power supply 

besides the construction of the production objects, very big importance has the transmission 

energetic objects. Because of that MEPSO constantly takes over activities for reconstruction and 

construction of the power supply grid. 

The construction of the power supply grid will allow an increase of the electricity transmission in the 

region and will contribute towards the development of the regional power market. 

H.C MEPSO as an investor has intention to start the reconstruction and construction of 110 kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Tetovo 1 and the completeness of three transmission line 

fields, i.e. one in TS Jugohrom (Jegunovce), TS Skopje 1 and TS Tetovo 1. The construction and 

reconstruction of this transmission line is based on the accepted development plans of H.C 

MEPSO and it is financed through the project “Transmission grid development project” (ECSEE 

APL 3) financed by the World Bank. 

Since 1957 there is existing TL between TC Skopje and TC Tetovo 1, number 104/103/3, with 

length of 58,7 km which is built from 206 ferroconcrete and 37 steel lattice pillars. 

The conductors are Al-Fe 240/40 mm 2 , and protective wire is Fe 2x35 mm 2 . TS Jugohrom is 

connected to this TL with rigid connection, at distance of 34,5 km from TS Skopje 1. The greatest 

number of the ferroconcrete pillars about 149, are positioned on the span distance TS Skopje 1 – 

TS Jugohrom. Throughout the years, influenced by the development of the road and railway line, 

and the increased water level of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec caused some of the concrete pillars 

10



to collapse and were inserted 16 steel lattice pillars on the span distance TS Skopje 1 –TS 

Jugohrom. 

Throughout the years, influenced by the development of the road and railway line, the increased 

water level of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec some of the concrete pillars collapsed and were 

inserted 16 steel lattice pillars on the span distance TS Skopje1 –TS Jugohrom. 

The reconstruction of the TL 110 kV number 104/103/3, TS Skopje - TS Tetovo 1 i.e. the part from 

the TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom is supposed to be performed in alternative proposed route, which 

will represent optimal and technically more rational solution, compared to the reconstruction of the 

existing route. The proposed route from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrome would be with total length of 

about 34.4 km. 

On the spam distance TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1, the corridor is not going to be changed. This 

part of the corridor is 20.5 km long. On this section only a reconstruction of the transmission line is 

going to be performed with a replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice pillars. 

It is planned to be constructed a new 110 kV transmission line field in TS Jugohrom in order to be 

replaced the rigid electrical connection so called ‘T-stik’. 

The Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia defines the conditions, the requirements and the 

ways to satisfactory offer different kinds of energy considering the power and the energetic 

infrastructure. Priority is given to the decrease of the import dependency of the power supply and 

the energy, i.e. increasing the offer and power supply transmission in all parts of Macedonia with 

increased quality and credibility of the power transmission grid. 

The construction and reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1 is very important for the region and should be harmonized with the present condition and 

developing policy, fully respecting and implementing the norms and the standards referring to the 

environmental protection. 

The Construction and reconstruction of 110 kV transmission lines TS Skopje 1 - TS Tetovo 1 which 

passes through the municipality of Cair, Suto Orizari, Gorce Petrov, Saraj Jegunovce, Zelino and 

Tetovo will have a positive impact on improving the working conditions of the commercial facilities 

in close and wider place. 

The construction of the transmission line will provide efficient power supply for the areas in the 

region or broader, which is very important for those who still lack appropriate and efficient electricity 

supply. 

These kinds of incentives are appropriately implemented into the basic aims of urbanization, 

development and organization of the municipalities defined by the Spatial plan of the Republic of 

Macedonia: 

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- Global, equally distributed development on the overall territory; 

- Intensifying the functional connections in the area of economy coordinated by common 

organization of the activities; 

- Creating conditions for smooth performance of the basic human activities (functions), 

providing high level of protection of the environment and keeping the principles of 

sustainable growth. 

Upon investor’s request, H.C MEPSO - Macedonian transmission system operator Skopje, the 

Agency for Spatial planning developed Spatial planning conditions for creating urban project for 

construction and reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom- TS 

Tetovo1, which are developed from the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, brought on 

11.06.2004 by the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia. 

The concluding overviews from the Spatial planning conditions for development of urban plan for 

construction and reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje1 - TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1, are provided in the list of enclosures. ENCLOSURE 2 

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1. WORK CONTEXT 

1.1. AIM AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT 

The purpose of the project is construction and reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo 1, as well as completeness of three transmission line fields, each of them 

in TS Jugohrom, TS Skopje 1 and TS Tetovo 1. 

The basic function of the transmission lines is power transmission from one place to another 

through overhead conductors, which range between two concrete pillars or between two steel 

lattice pillars. 

Since 1957 there is an existing TL between TS Skopje and TS Tetovo 1, number 104/103/3, with 


The conductors are Al-Fe 240/40 mm 2 , and protective wire is Fe 2x35 mm 2 . TC Jugohrom is 

connected to this TL with rigid connection, at distance of 34,5 km from TS Skopje 1. The biggest 

number of the ferroconcrete pillars, 149, is positioned on the span TC Skopje1 – TC Jugohrom. 

Throughout the years, influenced by the development of the road and railway line, the increased 

water level of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec caused some of the concrete pillars to collapse and 

were inserted 16 steel lattice pillars on the span distance TS Skopje 1 –TS Jugohrom. 

Due to the age, deterioration and the uselessness of this part of the transmission line and because 

of the inaccessibility of the route it has been decided to be constructed a new transmission line 

using steel lattice pillars with a change of the corridor on this part of the route and by replacement 

of the concrete pillars on the part of the existing route which is not going to be changed. 

The reconstruction of TL 110 kV number 104/103/3 TS Skopje 1 - TS Tetovo 1 i.e. the part from TS 

Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom is supposed to be performed in alternative proposed route, which will 

represent optimal and technically more rational solution, compared to the reconstruction of the 

existing route. The proposed route from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom would be with total length of 


On the spam TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 the corridor is not going to be changed. This part of the 

corridor is 20,5 km long. On this section only a reconstruction of transmission line is going to be 

performed with exchange of the concrete pillars with steel lattice pillars. 

It is planned to be built a new 110 kV TL field in TC Jugohrom in order to be changed the rigid 

electrical connection with so called ‘T-stik’. 

Thus made reconstruction will increase the confidentiality and stability of the grid in this region, and 

at the same time the length of the transmission line will be shortened. Also, the approach to the 

pillars will be improved because the new route doesn’t pass over housings, and the terrain where 

the transmission line will pass through is hilly with low vegetation. In other words, the construction 

13



of the transmission line will allow more efficient power supply to the populated areas in the region 

and wider, which is vital for those who lack appropriate quality power supply. 

1.2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 

According to the Regulation on determination of the projects and the criteria based on which is 

established the requirement for carrying out a procedure for environmental impacts assessment 

study (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 74/05 from 05.09.2005), there are 

two project categories: ENCLOSURE 1 which includes projects which require complete or 

obligatory Assessment Study on the impact over the environment and ENCLOSURE 2 with voltage 

level equal or higher to 110 kV and length equal or longer than 15 km, it is necessary to be drawn 

up obligatory Assessment Study for the impact on the environment. 

The subject of this study is the realization of the project includes construction of a new 110 kV 

transmission lines with length about 35 km of the stretch TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom and 

rehabilitation of the existing 110 kV transmission lines with length about 20 km of the stretch TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. According to the Regulation on the determination of the projects and the 

criteria on which is determine the need for conducting the assessment of environmental impacts 

(Official Gazette no. 74/2005), for projects which include a voltage level equal or higher than 110 

kV and length equal or longer than 15 km, requires mandatory study to evaluate the impact on the 

environment. 

The Assessment Study is based on the provisions from the Law on the Environment (Official 

Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 53/05 from 2005), and it considers the obligations 

from all relevant laws among which: 

1. Law on the Environment (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 53/2005) 

and the amended and consolidated Law on the environment (the Official Gazette of the 

Republic of Macedonia number 24/2007, 81/05 and 159/2008); 

• Provision for determination of projects and the criteria based on which is established the 

importance of carrying out the procedure for environmental impact assessment study (The 

Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 74/05 from 05.09.2005); 

• Rulebook on the amount of the expenses for carrying out the procedure for impacts 

assessment project on the environment which are covered by the investor (The Official 

Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia 33/06 from 20.03.2006); 

• Rulebook on the content of the announcement on the intention of carrying out a project, on 

the decision for the requirement of an impacts assessment study, on the report concerning 

the suitability of the assessmentof the project over the environment and on the decision by 

which it is approved or denied the implementation of the project, as well as the way the 

14



public will be informed. (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 33/06 

from 20.03.2006); 

• Rulebook on the content of the needs necessary for an assessment study for the impact of 

the project on the environment (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 

33/06 from 20.03.2006); 

• Rulebook on the information which should be contained in the notification of the intention 

for carrying out the project and the procedure for establishing the need of an assessment 

of the impact of the project on the environment (the Official Gazette number 33/06 from 

20.03.2006); 

• Rulebook on the report content about the environmental condition (the Official Gazette of 

the Republic of Macedonia number 35/06 from 23.03.2006); 

• Rulebook on the composition of the commission and the way their work is performed, the 

program and the way the official exam will be taken and the fee for establishing and 

sustaining the list of experts and the way of granting title and withdrawal the granted title 

‘expert’ of assessment and of the impact of the project on the environment, as well as the 

way and the procedure for inclusion and exclusion from the list of experts ( the Official 

Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 93/07 from 26.07.2007) 

The list of the overall legislative regulations, directives, laws and sublegal acts (rulebooks, 

provisions and decisions) which are relevant for carrying out the procedure for project impacts 

assessment on the environment and which were used in the drawing up of the Environmental 

impacts assessment study of the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission 

line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo1, are provided in the List of enclosures to this 

document. ENCLOSURE 16 

WHAT DOES THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESMENT STUDY MEAN AND WHEN IT IS 

CARRYED OUT? 

The process of the assessment of the impact on the environment represents a procedure 

by which the consequences over the environment which might come out are determined in the 

realization of a certain developing project. 

This process guarantees that the potential risks and the effects which might occur over the 

environment have been taken into account and are defined in the early stage of planning and later 

on, in the construction of the project. The process of assessmentof the impact on the environment 

actually represents a tool which can help to be achieved the goals of the sustainable growth. This 

role is based on the fact that the process itself represents a guarantee that the available resources 

will be used rationally and efficiently, as well as the fact that by establishing the potentially negative 

15



influences on the environment will offer possible measures to avoid or to decrease them in order to 

protect the health of the people and their safety and to prevent occurrences of irreversible and 

huge degradations of the environment. 

In 2005 it was passed on the Law on the environment by the Government of the Republic of 

Macedonia, in which the integral component is the definition of the process of environmental impact 

assessment study. 

According to the Law on the environment of the Republic of Macedonia, the assessment process of 

the impacts on the environment is carried out for the proposed developing projects whose 

character, range and location where those projects are going to be performed can have 

considerable impacts on the environment. 

The process is carried out through determination, description and foreseeing the effects which a 

certain project has or might have in the process of its construction, or after the construction is 

completed on: 

• people and the biological variety of the animal and plant species; 

• the soil, the water and the air and the other resources including the climate; 

• historical and cultural inheritance, and 

• mutual interactions of the above mentioned elements. 

The assessment process of the impacts on the environment according to the Law may not be 

performed (fully or partially), after a decision made by the Government of the Republic of 

Macedonia in the following cases: 

• military or emergency condition; 

• when the defense of the Republic of Macedonia is concerned, after it is determined that the 

assessment process of the impact on the environment can have negative consequences on 

the defense of the country; or 

• when there is a need of urgent prevention of some occurrences which can not be predicted, 

and which can have serious impacts on the health, security, pwirerty of the people or the 

environment. 

16



HOW THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS OF THE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IS CARRIED 

OUT? 

DECLARATION OF THE INVESTOR’S INTENTION 

Every legal and physical entity which has intentions to carry out certain project, has to inform the 

authorized body in state administration which is in charge of the works in the area of the 

environment, and that body is obliged to make public notice five days after the receipt of the 

complete notification in at least one national state newspaper and on its Internet site. 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEED OF IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 

After the public announcement, the project comes into procedure where it should be established 

the need of drawing up an assessment study of the impacts of that project on the environment. 

There are three possibilities: (a) A category projects according to the World Bank, (b) Projects 

which need partial Assessment study of the impact on the environment (similar to B category 

projects according to World Bank) and (c) projects which do not require an Assessment study for 

the impact on the environment (similar to C category projects according to the World Bank). 

According to the Law on the environment, there are two categories of projects: Enclosure 1 

including projects for which is required a complete or obligatory Assessment study for the impact 

on the environment and Enclosure 2 including projects for which further information is required. 

DETERMINATION OF THE RANGE OF THE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT STUDY ON THE 

ENVIRONMET 

After the need of assessment study is determined, what follows is the process of scope 

determination of the study, i.e. which areas, information and investigations should be covered by 

the study. Based on the further information about the project, the Ministry of environment will 

decide if obligatory or partial Impact assessment study on the environment is necessary. 

For the projects which include transmission lines with low voltage level equal or higher than 110 kV 

and whose length is equal or longer than 15 km, an obligatory environmental impacts assessment 

study is required. 

The requirements for an Assessment study for the impact of the environment for all the other 

projects in relation to transmission of power will be determined by the Ministry of environment 

depending on the case. 

17



DRAWING UP THE STUDY 

The study will be drawn up by the investor who submits it to the relevant state body, authorized for 

the issues in relation to the environment matters, who is obliged in the period of five days after the 

submission of the study, to submit it to the municipality where the project will be performed and 

where it will be available for the public. Concerning the public availability, the public should be 

informed in at least one national newspaper and local radio and TV channels, and the non 

technical report should be available on the Internet site of the relevant state body authorized for the 

environmental issues. 

OBLIGATORY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY 

According to the rulebook on establishing the assessment procedure for the impact on the 

environment, the study has precisely determined content. Based on the rules from the World Bank 

for these types of projects it should be developed special Environmental Management Plan. 

PARTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT STUDY 

The requirements from the Ministry of environment and spatial planning for partial Environmental 

impacts assessment study meet the requirements from the World Bank for Environmental 

Management Plan. Unless the Ministry of environment has further requirements, they should be 

defined according to each case separately. 

A REPORT CONCERNING THE SUITABILITY OF THE STUDY 

Not later than 60 days after publication of the study, a report has to be made on the suitability of 

the study, and the authorized state body responsible for environmental issues should make it 

available for the public five days after its receipt in at least one of the national newspapers and on 

the Internet site of the body. The report is done by a person who is in the list of experts established 

by the law. 

PUBLIC DEBATE 

The investor will organize two public debates. 

The purpose of the first public debate is to allow broad overview of the working version on the 

Project task for the Environmental impacts assessment study (upon the request of the World 

Bank). 

18



The purpose of the second public debate is to allow broad overview of the work version of the 

Environmental impacts assessment study (upon the request of the Ministry of environment and 

spatial planning and the World Bank. The authorized state body responsible for environmental 

issues is obliged to organize a public debate about the assessment study. The public debate has to 

be organized at least five working days prior the deadline for submission of the opinions about the 

study (30 days after it has been presented). At the public debate everyone has the right to express 

one’s own opinion. All the opinions will be recorded in the minute of the public debate, but will not 

be necessarily accepted. 

DECISION ON THE ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION UPON THE REQUEST TO CARRY OUT 

THE PROJECT 

After this procedure, the authorized state organ responsible for the environmental issues brings a 

decision whether to accept or to reject the project. After the Ministry of environment and spatial 

planning gives the permission, the investor will publish this permission together with all the other 

conditions given by the Ministry of environment and spatial planning on its web site. 

The investor shall publish the obligatory Assessment study for the impact on the environment and 

the Environmental Management Plan at public location near the terrain (upon the request of the 

World Bank). 

Every legal or physical entity, including citizen unions established to serve as protection and 

developing force of the environment, have to right to file a complaint to the Commission of the 

Government of the Republic of Macedonia responsible for administrative work of second degree 

not later than 15 days. 

19



STAGES IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCEDURE OF THE 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT STUDY 

The general phases in the implementation of the environmental impacts assessment, defined by 

the legal acts, are presented below: 

Implementation of the assessment process for the 

impact on the environment 

1. Establishing the need of an Assessment process 

2. Determination of the scope of the Assessment study, 

definition of its content and details 

3. The investor assesses the influence of the proposed 

project and changes it where necessary 

4. The investor draws up the Environmental impacts 

assessment study on the last draft proposal and 

submits it as an enclosed reply to the requirement from 

the authorized state body 

5. The Assessment study is available for the authorized 

bodies responsible for the environment and the public 

to be evaluated and debated 

6. Authorized bodies take in consideration all relevant 

information and study, such as comments from public 

debate, before making decision 

7. Monitoring measures for the implementation of the 

project and its influence over the environment 

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1.3. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROJECT 

The transmission line 110 kV TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohorm was built in 1957 on ferroconcrete pillars. 

Through the years, because of the development of the road railway network, as well as the ruined 

concrete pillars caused by the increased level of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec, 16 steel lattice 

pillars were installed. Due to these reasons it has been decided that the transmission line shall be 

reconstructed by replacing the concrete pillars with 10 new steel lattice pillars. 

In the investigation of the existing route it was proposed the route to be changed because of the 

bad characteristics (inappropriate approach to the route and the pillars, several intersections with 

the river Vardar, the railway, and with the transmission line 220 kV number 255 from TS Skopje to 

HS Vrutok, some villages and individual houses). 

The beginning of the route of the 110 kV transmission line from Skopje 1 goes through the city 

graveyards Butel and the municipality of Suto Orizari up to the river Lepenec will be retained and it 

is in the corridor with the 110 kV transmission line from TS Skopje to HS Vrutok and 220 kV 

transmission line Skopje 1 to HS Vrutok. There are no objects under the transmission line and no 

problems are expected during the reconstruction referring to the exploitation of the area around the 

pillars. 

From the spot place called Glavica up to TS Jugohrom the transmission line will follow a new route. 

The new part of the route goes through hilly terrain with rare and low quality wood, there are no 

villages and objects of intersection, with good approach and availability to be used the new road 

from the village Kuckovo toward the watch tower ‘Caska’. 

The proposed route from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom would be about 33.5 km long. 

This proposed route will solve the following problems: 

- The complex of individual houses will be avoided as well as the intersection with the 

existing 220 kV transmission line from TS Skopje to TS Vrutok which is situated on very 

inappropriate place; 

- At the intersection between the 220 kV transmission line with the 110 kV transmission line, 

under the 110 kV transmission line there are individual houses and roads, which implies 

that the reconstruction on the existing route together with the pwirer intersection on that 

spot will be expensive and complicated technical decision; 

- Between AZ 13 – AZ 17 the parallel tracking of the railway Skopje - Kicevo will be avoided, 

as well as the multiple intersections with the river Vardar and the distance is considerably 

shortened; 

21



- It will allow easier approach to the places where pillars will be positioned which is of big 

importance in the stage of exploitation and maintenance of the transmission line; 

1.4. CONSIDERED VARIANTS – ALTERNATIVES 

ZERO ALTERNATIVES 

In the considerations of the variants – alternatives, there is a short description of the alternative of 

not taking any measures, i.e. without construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission 

line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

- The area which belongs to the project frames will further represent land with lower 

economic value and usefulness, and that will directly have consequences on the standard 

of living of the local population; 

- Lack of financial investments which would lead to low socio-economic development; 

- The migration from villages to the towns will be increased; 

- Stagnation of the living standard of the local population and the inhabitants of the towns 

and villages which are situated in this area; 

- Possibility of uncontrolled building of economic objects with inappropriate activities, which 

can cause derogation of the quality of the environment medium and endangering the 

people’s health; 

- The landscape characteristics and the biological variety will remain unaltered and at the 

current level. 

ALTERNATIVE 1 - THE EXISTING ROUTE RECOVERY 

The field inspection performed by an expert investor was taken into account and carefully 

considered the possibility of reconstruction of 110 kV transmission lines TS Skopje 1 – TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, existing route. The initial part of the route of 110 kV line from TS Skopje 

1, in addition to the city cemetery “Butel” and “Suto Orizari” until Lepenec River and is in a corridor 

of 110 kV TS Skopje - HPP Vrutok 1 to 220 kV line Skopje 1 to HPP Vrutok. Further down the route 

towards settlements Bardovci and Dolno Svilare. The move has built a complex of individual 

houses. After that the route goes steeply through the Derven ravine to Radusa mine. The move 

completely route follows the railway Skopje-Kicevo and often intersects with the river Vardar. The 

routh go down on TS Jugohrom, which is located near the factory and then passes near the 

settlements and Neraste Dobroste. 

22



The performed analysis of this alternative is taken into consideration the principles of sustainable 

development ie social, economic and ecological factor. 

- The existing 110 kV route TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom has a total length of 34,9 

km; 

- Many angled turns (24), with a relatively small spread; 

- Passes through the individual houses in s.Volkovo, s.Radusha and Dolno Orasje 

- Bad access to field sites stolbnite especially along the ravine of r.Vardar; 

- A number of hand-crossing the River Vardar; 

- Parallel following of the railway Skopje-Kicevo 

- Improperly crossing the 220 kV transmission lines no. 255 TS Skopje 1 to HPP 

Vrutok, 

Because of the sequence gaps facing the existing route to 110 kV transmission lines TS Skopje 1 - 

TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, decided to consider other alternative that is proposed and adopted by 

the expert team hired by developer. 

23



ALTERNATIVE 2 - DRAFT ALTERNATIVE 

According to the project task, the subject of this project is the reconstruction of the existing 

transmission line 110 kV number 104 TS Skopje –TS Jugohrom constructed of concrete pillars type 

Lazarevic. The route of the existing transmission line is maintained only at the beginning from TS 

Skopje 1 to Glavcica. Additionally a small move has been made, because the new ring-road 

Skopje-Sever. 

The suggested alternative route is considered as the most appropriate because of the shortening of 

the length of the transmission line, it also provides better approach which is very important in the 

exploitation and maintenance stage of the transmission line, it avoids the large number of houses 

built under the transmission line on the site between Novo Selo and Vucidol, the problematic 

intersection with the river Vardar, as well as other problematic intersections and unsuitable sections 

of the route. 

The beginning of the route, from TS Skopje, which passes by the city cemetery Butel and the 

municipality Suto Orizari, up to the river Lepenec, was proved to be manageable and not 

problematic. On this section, the transmission line in subject is positioned in the corridor with the 

arterial 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - HS Vrutok (from its left side) and 220 kV TS Skopje 

1 - HS Vrutok (from his right side) and the dislocation of this corridor won’t have economic and 

technical justification. On this part of the route there aren’t any built objects under the transmission 

line and during the reconstruction major problems aren’t expected. According to the Rulebook on 

technical norms for construction of above-ground electro energetic transmission lines with nominal 

voltage of 1 kV to 400 kV (Official documentation of SFRJ, number 65/1988), when one high 

voltage transmission line intersects with other high voltage transmission lines and at the same time 

their distance is closer, the following is recommended: 

- The safety height of the transmission line to be 2,5 m and safety distance 1,0 m; 

- If the transmission line is with higher voltage, it is placed above the transmission line with 

lower voltage; 

- The upper transmission line with higher voltage has to be built with electrically reinforced 

isolation. 

The most problematic part of the existing route is between the river Lepenec to the intercrossing 

with the railway line ‘Skopje-Pristina’. Between the Novo Selo and the railway station Volkovo – 

Vucidol), over the time under the transmission line have been built large number of individual 

houses and other objects, with relatively high density, and some pillars are located in the yards. 

At the intersection of the transmission line in subject with 220 kV TS Skopje1 – HS Vrutok, under 

the 110 kV transmission line there are individual houses and an asphalt street (road), and 

according to this the reconstruction of the transmission line on that route and the performance of 

the appropriate intersection becomes exceptionally complicated solution. The existing route 

continues and goes through the villages Dolno Svilare and Gorno Svilare and than turns towards 

24



the river Vardar. From that place on, almost the whole route tracks the railway line Skopje-Kicevo 

and the river Vardar. The configuration of the terrain (canyon) caused unusually high number of 

angle curves on the existing transmission line with relatively small spans. Certain intersections of 

the existing route are located on extremely sloppy terrain which can not be easily approached 

(especially the section at the region called Kisela Voda and the section from the village Dolno 

Rasje to the railway stop Ljuboten). The route has large number of passages over the river Vardar 

(seven), with pillars located very near the river. Because of the built houses some problems can 

also arise in the area of the village Radusa and Dolno Orasje. 

Regarding the route of intersection of the transmission line with the railway line and the road, the 

existing route makes very big deviation from the ideally drown line between the final points of the 

route (TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom), which is understandable for the time when the transmission 

line was built and the lack of communications, inappropriate transport means and mechanization. 

Having this in mind, if the existing route is kept, it won’t allow optimal and rational technical 

solution, and on certain sections it will be exceptionally difficult to approach and build. 

From the above mentioned observances, the need has arose for finding an alternative proposal 

route for the analyzed transmission line which will be relatively shorter, approachable, it will avoid 

intersection with houses and buildings and other problematic objects and it will in advance take into 

account the problems with pwirerty-legal relations. 

The alternative route begins with dislocation of the existing route at the place called Glavcica with 

turning right and with intersection of the existing 220 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Vrutok’. The intersection should be in accordance with the technical norms on construction of 

above-ground electro energetic transmission lines with nominal voltage of 1 kV to 400 kV (Official 

document of SFRJ number 65/1988 - is still in force in Macedonia). With this alternative route the 

complex of individual houses will be avoided, and the intersection with the railway line ‘Skopje- 

Pristina’ will be done 1300 meters northern than the existing intersection. 

From the angle point AZ 6, returning to the existing route would be irrational solution, and having in 

mind the possibility the route to continue in the northwest direction, above the village Kuckovo, 

towards the place called Zajceva Glava and further on in one direction, to the mine ‘Radusa’, a 

considerable shortening of the route is gained. On this part, the alternative route passes by a hilly 

terrain with low vegetation with poor quality which is not going to cause any problem during the 

construction and the exploitation of the transmission line. The safety distance from any part of the 

stem distance should be 3.0 meters. For transmission lines with nominal voltage of 110 kV and 

more, the safety distance must be retained in case the stem falls down, and in this process the 

safety distance is measured from the conductor in vertical position. 

Along this section of this route there aren’t any inhabited places and objects of intersection, it is 

easily approachable, where the quality road from the village Kuckovo toward the watch house 

Kuckovo is important because it can be used as approachable road for this route. 

25



In the further observance of the route, the possible returning toward the existing route is considered 

as irrational. The existing route of this part is along the railway line ‘Skopje- Kicevo’ and the river 

Vardar, and the intersection from the village Dolno Orasje to the railway station Ljuboten, on many 

places is practically inapproachable. 

From those reasons, the alternative route continues from AZ to AZ 9, getting closer to appropriate 

place to go over the railway line ‘Kicevo-Skopje’ and the river Vardar. 

Because on the region in subject there is an aerial route where the overall telephone traffic is 

carried out on relation Skopje- Kicevo, it should be taken into account not to be damaged, i.e. not 

to be disturbed the telephone transmission and not to be endangered the safety of the railway 

traffic. 

- At the place of intersection of the energetic transmission line with the telecommunication 

transmission line the safety height should be at least 3m; 

- The intersection of 110 kV transmission line with the railway line G.Petrov- Kicevo to be 

performed on 19+352, under angle of intersection not lower than 45 degrees; 

- The minimum height of the transmission line above the upper edge of the rail has to be at 

least 12 meters; 

- The minimum distance between the ending pillars should be at least 25 meters, starting 

from the axis of the rail. 

The alternative route is immediately directed toward Jugohrom, by which is achieved obvious 

shortening of the route of the transmission line. The section goes through plateau, and through 

mainly low and rare forest. The existing roads and paths on this site can be transformed in 

excellent approachable roads with relatively low usage of mechanization. 

The alternative route intersects with the railway line ‘Skopje-Kicevo at about 100 meters north from 

the railway ‘Jegunovce’ and it returns in the existing route. 

From the investigation of the terrain and the alternative route, the following has been concluded: 

- The existing route of 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skpje 1- TS Jugohrom’ is with total 

length of 34.9 km with 24 angle turnings, it goes through individual houses in the villages 

Volkovo, Radusa and Dolno Orasje, and there are also inapproachable places along the 

canyon of the river Vardar; 

- The alternative proposed route of the 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje 1- TS 

Jegunovce’ is with total length of 31,1 km, with 14 angle turnings, it doesn’t go over the 

individual houses in the villages Volkovo, Radusa and Dolno Orasje and it is approachable. 

According to the above mentioned we can conclude that the reconstruction of the 110 kV 

transmission line number 104 TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom should be carried out by the alternative 

proposed route, which will be more rational decision compared with the reconstruction of the 

existing route. 

26



2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 

The aim of this project is construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje 1 – TS Tetovo 1, as well as completing of three transmission line fields, each of them in 

TS Jugohrom, TS Skopje 1 and TS Tetovo 1. The construction and the reconstruction of this 

transmission line is based on the accepted developing plans of H.C MEPSO and it will be financed 

through the project “Power transmission grid project development’ (ECSEE APL 3) financed by the 

World Bank. 

The basic function of the transmission lines is power transmission from one place to another 

through overhead conductors, which range between two concrete pillars or between two steel 

lattice pillars. 

Since 957 there is existing TL between TS Skopje 1 and TS Tetovo 1, number 104/103/3, with 


The conductors are Al-Fe 240/40 mm 2 , and protective wire is Fe 2x35 mm 2 . TS Jugohrom is 

connected to this TL with rigid connection, at distance of 34,5 km from TS Skopje 1. The biggest 

number of the ferroconcrete pillars,149, are positioned on the span TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom. 

Due to the development of the route and railway network, the ruined concrete pillars, and the 

increased level of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec, 16 steel lattice pillars were additionally placed 

between TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom. 

Because this part of the transmission line has been increasingly damaged, ruined and endured and 

the road is not approachable as well, it has been decided a new transmission line to be build with 

steel lattice pillars between TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom with steel lattice pillars with a change of 

the corridor of this part of the route and with replacement of the concrete pillars on the part TS 

Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 where the corridor of the existing route is used. 

The reconstruction of TL 110 kV number 104/103/3 TS Skopje 1 – TS Tetovo 1 i.e. the part from 

TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom is supposed to be performed in alternative proposed route, which will 

represent optimal and technically more rational solution, compared to the reconstruction of the 

existing route. The proposed route from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom would be with total length of 


Between TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 the corridor is not going to be changed. This part of the 

corridor is 20.5 km long. On this section only a reconstruction of transmission line is going to be 

performed with exchange of the concrete pillars with steel lattice pillars. 

It is planned to be built a new 110 kV TL field in TS Jugohrom in order to be changed the rigid 

electrical connection with so called ‘T-stik’. 

Thus made reconstruction will increase the confidentiality and stability of the grid in this region, and 

at the same time the length of the transmission line will be shortened. Also, the approach to the 

27



pillars will be improved because the new route doesn’t pass over housings, and the terrain where 

the transmission line will pass through is hilly with low vegetation. 

According to the Construction Law (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 

130/09), the constructing objects are divided into categories depending on their type, their 

characteristics, purpose, complication of the constructive system and the technical-technological 

conditions, where the objects for production of electrical energy and transmission lines with voltage 

level from 35-110 kV, transformer stations over 35 kV belong to second category. 

In order to obtain building permission, the investor submits written request to the authorized state 

organ responsible for spatial organization issues, where besides the documents provided with the 

Article 59 from the Construction law (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 

130/09), it should contain approved Environmental impacts assessment study by the authorized 

state body responsible for environmental issues and construction provided by the Law on the 

environment (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 53/05, 81/05, 24/07 and 

159/08) and the Regulation on project determination and the criteria based on which is determined 

the requirement for implementation of the Environmental impacts assessment procedure ( the 

Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 74/05 from 05.08.2005). 

According to the Regulation on project determination and the criteria based on which is determined 

the requirement for implementation of the Environmental assessment procedure (the Official 

Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 74/05 from 05.09.2005) there are two project 

categories: ENCLOSURE 1* including projects which need complete or obligatory Environmental 

impacts assessment study and ENCLOSURE 2* including projects for which is required obligatory 

or partial Environmental impact assessment study. Projects including transmission lines with 

voltage level equal or lower than 110 kV and whose length is equal or longer than 15 meters, an 

obligatory Environmental impacts assessment study is required. 

H.C. MEPSO (Macedonian transmission system operator), has submitted announcement of 

intention for implementation of the project “Construction and Reconstruction of the transmission 

line 110 kV TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo 1’ and a request for determination of the extent of the 

assessment of the impact of the project on the environment. 

The announcement of the intention for implementation of the project is enclosed in the list of 

enclosures of this document. ENCLOSURE 3 

Upon the request for determination of the extent of the assessment of the impact on the 

environment, the Ministry of environment and spatial planning issued a decision for determination 

of the need for assessment of the impact of the project on the environment and to be determined 

the extent of the assessment of the impact of the project on the environment, number 11-2770/2, 

which is enclosed in the list of enclosures. ENCLOSURE 4 

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The extent of the Environmental impacts assessment project is determined in the Checklist for 

determination of the extent of the Assessment study, which is enclosed in the list of enclosures. 

ENCLOSURE 5 

2.1. PROJECT SCOPE 

The geographical position of the old (black) and the new (red) route of the part of the 110 kV 

transmission line from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom and on the existing route on the part from TS 

Jugohrom to TS Tetovo 1 

The reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line number 104/103/3 TS Skopje 1 - TS Tetovo 1 

i.e. the part from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom should be carried out according to the alternative 

proposed route, which would have total length of about 34.5 km from the TS Skopje 1 to the TS 

Jugohrom. 

The corridor between TS Jugohrom and TS Tetovo 1 is not going to be altered. This part of the 

corridor is 20.5 km long. On this section the reconstruction of the transmission line will be carried 

out with a replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice pillars. 

In TS Jugohrom it has been planned to be built a new 110 kV transmission line field which will 

exceed the rigid connection, so called ‘T-shtik’. 

29



Description of the route from TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom 

The starting point (AZ 1) of the transmission line in subject represents the existing portal in TS 

Skopje 1 and it should stay at the same place of the pillars on which are located the existing two 

systemic pillars or to be minimally moved, positioning the new foundation of the pillars among the 

existing ones. Starting from the right system of the pillar begins the existing 110 kV transmission 

line for Gen.Jankovic and from the left system begins the 110 kV from TS Skopje1 to TS 

Jugohrom. At some point the two systemic transmission lines continue as one systemic. From this 

place on the route continues to AZ 5. The right system isn’t functional anymore and there aren’t 

any conductors. 

Because of the north ring road in Skopje, the span between AZ 1 to AZ 7 needs to be slightly 

dislocated on the left backwards for 12.8 meters in order to sustain the pwirer distance from the 

highway. From AZ 5 the transmission line in subject traces the existing route of the concrete pillars 

transmission line. On this span distance, because of the recently projected under road ‘Kuceviska 

bara’ there was one reconstruction, where in a a direction two new steel lattice agolnozatezni 

pillars were installed. The route of this span distance spreads throughout arable land. Also, there is 

an intersection with other infrastructural objects, local roads, 10 kV transmission line, TT cable as 

well as with the north ring road of Skopje. The route goes through the marginal parts of the city 

cemetery Butel. At AZ 4 the route turns left. 

On the span distance from AZ 5 to AZ 6, the route of the transmission line in subject mainly 

spreads throughout arable land. On the existing route, in the last 10 years, under the transmission 

line in subject have been built large number of business and private objects, so with the technical 

decision it is predicted to be built considerably higher pillars than the previously planned concrete 

pillars, according to the chapter VIII Transition of transmission lines and their approach 

towards objects, from the Rulebook on technical norms for construction of above-ground 

electrical energetic transmission lines with nominal voltage of 1 kV to 400 kV (the Official list 

of SFRJ, number 65/1988 - is still in force in Macedonia), for transmission lines which transit over 

inhabited places the safety height should be at least 7,0 meters and the isolation must be 

electrically reinforced. 

From AZ 6 the region called Konjski rid, the transmission line continues to track the existing route, 

turning on southwest direction. The route goes through fields intersecting several local roads, as 

well as the arterial road ‘Skopje - Pristina’. 

From AZ 7 at the region called Glavcica, the transmission line in subject turns in northwest 

direction and definitely abandons the existing route, heading towards the place of intersection with 

the existing 220 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Vrutok. The following transmission line, AZ 

8 is about 149.22 meters distance. The intersection with 220 kV transmission line between two 

aglozatezni pillars and relatively small span, from the technical point of view is the best decision. 

According to the Chapter VIII Transition of transmission lines and their approach towards 

objects, from the Rulebook on technical norms for construction of above-ground electrical 

energetic transmission lines with nominal voltage of 1 kV to 400 kV (the Official list of SFRJ, 

30



number 65/1988 - is still in force in Macedonia), when intersecting high voltage transmission line 

with other high voltage transmission lines and their mutual approach, the safety height of the 

transmission line should be 2,5m, and the safety distance 1,0 m. A transmission line with higher 

voltage, by the rule, is positioned over the transmission line with lower voltage. The upper 

transmission line must be built with electrically reinforced isolation. 

From the pillar, AZ 9, the route is directed toward the only free corridor, in that way the object of the 

factory ‘Aluterm’ is avoided, located on the right side of the route, as well as the individual houses 

on the left of the route, up to the crossing through the river Lepenec, where AZ 10 is located. 

From the pillar, AZ 10, located on a boundary of larger arable land and enough distanced from the 

river, the route of the transmission line continues along the edge of the parcel on the west, through 

a narrow corridor, in which there are no individual houses and other objects. On this span distance, 

pwirer intersection with the railway line Skopje-Kosovo Pole is secured. On this terrain there are 

fields and meadows, and at the and there is one orchard. The span distance finishes with the place 

of pillars, AZ 11, located above the road for the village Orman, left from the polygon for motor cross 

races. 

From the pillar, the route AZ 11 continues in the northwest direction above the village Kuckovo, 

toward the place called Zajceva Glava, where the pillar AZ 12 is located. On this part, the route 

increasingly starts to climb up toward sloppy elevation than it goes through hilly terrain having a 

few fields and vineyards, but mainly low quality forest. Along this section of the route there aren’t 

any populated areas or objects of intersection, it is approachable, and there the new road is 

important from the village Kuckovo toward the watch tower ‘Caska’ constructed by the 

UNPREDEP. 

From AZ 12 the route also continues towards northwest, and heading that way it comes to A3 13 

located above the mine Radusa. The terrain is hilly, mainly with low quality forest, meadows and 

lawns. Here also of big importance for the route is the road constructed by UNPREDEP and the 

access road toward the watch house Caska. On the route there aren’t any populated areas and 

there are only a few objects of intersections. The route intersects three 10 kV transmission lines 

and local roads. 

On AZ 13 the route turns just a little in left angle, directing toward suitable crossing place over the 

railway line ‘Skopje-Kicevo’, after the village G.Radusa, where AZ 14 is located. This part of the 

route goes through a hilly terrain and woods, without objects of intersection, with exception of HH 

transmission line and local road. 

From AZ 14, the route turns in southwest direction and at one spot intersects the railway road 

‘Skopje-Kicevo’ and goes over the river Vardar. On this span the route of the transmission line 

intersects with a local road, 35 kV transmission line, as well as the existing (old) route of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom, which should be dismantled. In the process of the 

construction of 110 kV transmission line, will be considered the regulations from the chapter VIII 

Transition of transmission lines and their approach towards objects, from the Rulebook on 

31



technical norms for construction of above-ground electrical energetic transmission lines 

with nominal voltage of 1 kV to 400 kV (the Official list of SFRJ, number 65/1988 - is still in force 

in Macedonia). 

From AZ 15, the route goes upwards towards a sloppy highland terrain, with many dales. The 

terrain is problematic and inapproachable, however, the existing paths of this location, can be 

transformed into good approachable roads, with relatively small usage of mechanization. Objects of 

intersection on this route are a local road and the river Vardar. 

From AZ 16 the route is directed toward a suitable place to pass over the railway line ‘Skopje- 

Kicevo’, north from the railway line Jegunovce, avoiding the intersection with the existing objects 

next to the rail. In one part the route intersects the local road Jegunovce –Radusa and the railway 

line ‘Skopje-Kicevo’. The terrain is mainly with meadows and rare high trees. 

From AZ 17, the route of the transmission line turns in northwest direction and in one span it again 

rejoins to the existing (old) route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1’. 

From AZ 18, the transmission line continues in southern direction, along the existing route, through 

plain terrain covered by meadows and fields. 

From AZ 19, with a minor turning in angle, the transmission line in subject comes to the newly 

concrete portal in TS Jugohrom. 

Description of the route on the span from TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

The starting point of the transmission line in subject represents the left system of the existing two 

systemic pillar from the connecting transmission line 2x110 kV for TS Jugohrom, the span from AZ 

1 to AZ 2. 

Further, from AZ 3 the transmission line in subject continues to trace the existing route of the 

transmission line of the concrete pillars. 

On the span from AZ 3 to AZ 4, the transmission line intersects the railway line ‘Skopje-Kicevo’. 

From AZ 4, located west from the village Podbrege, the transmission line in subject is directed 

toward the south west direction, passing by the village Janciste. The route spans on plain terrain 

with arable land intersected with many meadows. 

From AZ 5, located at the place called Jasika, the transmission line continues in south west 

direction, in a long span distance up to AZ 6. The route of the transmission line passes by the 

villages Preljubiste, Semssevo, Ozormiste and Palatica, located southeast (left) of the route, as 

well as the villages Zilce and Trebos, which are located north west (right) from the route of the 

transmission line. On the terrain mainly there is arable land – fields and large number of paths and 

32



local roads. In one part of the route of the transmission line is intersected with 10 kV transmission 

line and with the motorway Skopje-Tetovo. 

From AZ 6, with a minor angle turning, the route continues southwest up to AZ 7 located east from 

the village Flise. At the beginning of this route the route passes through two bigger orchards, and 

further it continues mainly through fields and few meadows. In one part the route is intersected with 

HH transmission line, the river Pena and 10 kV transmission line. 

From AZ 7, the route of the transmission line stops at AZ 8, where the route of the transmission line 

is directed in northwest direction, passing by the village Falise. 

On the span distance from AZ 8 to AZ 9, the route spreads over arable land-fields, meadows and 

lawns, and it goes through one big garden and two smaller ones. The route intersects several 

ground roads, the river Pena, as well as the motorway ‘Tetovo-Gostivar’. 

From AZ 9, the route of the transmission line is directed toward the region of TS Tetovo 1. 

The span distance from AZ 9 to AZ 10 consists of two ranges, including 10 kV transmission lines, 

the railway line Skopje-Kicevo and the river Pena. 

From AZ 10, with connection of 110 meters, the transmission line terminates on concrete portal in 

TS Tetovo 1. 

In the list of enclosures it is presented the Situation on route, taken over the main reconstruction of 

110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. ENCLOSURE 6. 

Situation on the route, taken from the Spatial planning conditions for designing of Urban project for 

construction and reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1. ENCLOSURE 7. 

33



2.2. PROJECT COMPONENTS 

The project which is subject of analysis and refers to the construction and the reconstruction of the 

110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1’ consists of: 

- Construction/reconstruction of the part of the route 110 kV transmission line number 

104/103/3 TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1, i.e. the construction of the route of 

the 110 kV transmission line on the part from Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrome has to be carried 

out according to the alternative proposed route with total length of about 34,5 km; 

- Disassembly of the existing pillars from the old existing route from TS Skopje 1 to TS 

Jugohrom, especially in the part from the place called Kesteva to Jegunovce, where the 

new route of the transmission line intersects with the existing (old route) of the 

transmission line; 

- Reconstruction from TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1, where the corridor is not going to be 

changed. On this section there will be reconstruction of the transmission line with a 

replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice pillars. This part of the corridor is 20. 5 

km long; 

- In TS Jugohrom it is planned to be built new 110 kV field by which will replace the old rigid 

connection, so called ‘T-shtik’. 

In the process of construction, the constructor has to comply with all the conditions and 

requirements determined in the relevant technical documentation and the overall legislations (laws, 

acts, rulebooks, orders) based on which is the assessment procedure of the impact of the project 

on the environment. It is especially important to pay attention to the Space planning conditions for 

construction of Urban project, the Decision on determination of the need and determination of the 

extent of implementation of assessment procedure for the impact of the project on the environment. 

In the construction and the exploitation stage it is necessary to be used the defined prevention 

measures, decreasing and lessening the impacts of the project on the environment, as well as to 

be followed the plan for environmental monitoring. 

34



2.3. ACTIVITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION 

The construction/reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line number 104/103/3 TS Skopje 1 – 

TS Tetovo 1 is going to be carried out according to the following activities: 

Building of approachable roads: 

On the route, where the corridor of 110 kV transmission line number 104/103/3 TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Tetovo 1 is, there are many existing roads, some of them being asphalted and some of them are 

land roads or paths as well as existing approach roads which should be attached to the new 

approach roads to all pillar places. The usage of the existing roads should be completely used 

because its economic justifiability and alleviation in the stage of construction and exploitation of the 

transmission line. On some places some repairs should be performed, and on some parts new 

roads should be constructed. 

Between AZ 11 over the village Kuckovo to AZ 12 at the place called Zajceva glava, can be used 

the road from the village Kuckovo toward the watch tower ‘Caska’. 

Marking of the pillar places 

Before the beginning of the construction of the transmission line it is necessary to mark the pillar 

places along the length of the route. When marking the pillar places it should be paid special 

attention of the objects of intersection, i.e. they should be inspected by geometric method and if 

there are any divergences certain measures should be taken. 

Cleaning of the route 

The route has to be cleaned during the construction and maintenance of the transmission line in 

the exploitation stage. This includes cutting trees or woods, as well as disposal of tree trunks. 

Performance of construction work 

After the pillar places have been determined and the supporting stakes have been placed, the 

process starts with excavation of foundation cavities. The excavation of the ground can be 

performed manually and with mechanization, and the excavation of the soil is from II, III, and IV 

category. The excavation of the land (rocks) is performed mechanically and if need arises an 

explosive can be used or manual digging with machinery and purging of the material has to be 

performed as well. 

After determination of the carrying capacity of the land and the ground in accordance with the 

Report on engineering-geological characteristics, the foundations will be constructed. 

After the construction of the foundations, the anchor elements of the pillar are placed with height 

which is determined in the project. The cementation is carried out with ferroconcrete, and at the 

same time the technical regulations and standards have to be considered. 

35



Before the process of covering up the foundations, a grounding is placed around the foundation. 

After the process of covering up and packing the soil around the foundation, the rest of the soil 

should be carefully removed and its further usage should be planned. The rest of the material, 

sand, concrete and stone waste should be deposited for the time being on previously determined 

place. 

After the foundations are cemented, the installation of the steel construction of the pillar is started. 

Performance of electrical installation activities 

After the erection of the pillars, the wires and the rest of the equipment (ovesna oprema) are 

installed. The stretching of the wires is performed by suitable mechanization, and after that 

protective groundings are made in the middle of the stretching field and after the work is performed 

they are removed. Isolating ranges are positioned, the conductors are installed (Al/Fe 240/40 mm 2 ) 

and protective wires 2xFe III 35 mm 2 and protective wire with integrated optical fibers OPGW 

ASLH- D (S)bb 1x24 SMF. The wires have to be pulled and to hang freely on pulleys for 24 hours. 

Dismantling work 

- Dismantling of the existing pillars, transport and storage on previously determined location 

in TS Skopje 4 

- Dismantling of the existing conductors and isolating material and storage on previously 

determined location in TS Skopje 4 

- Dismantling of the existing protective wire with ovesen material and storage on previously 

determined location in TS Skopje 4 

- Smashing of the existing fundaments up to 80 cm on the ground, and 

- Disposing the waste on previously determined location. 

The technical requirements for drawing up a Basic Project for 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje1 

– TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo, are listed in ENCLOSURE 8 

36



2.4. PROJECTED ACTIVITIES FOR MAINETNACE OF THE NEW PROJECT 

The regular maintenance of the transmission line grid is performed mainly according to 

weekly and annual work plans. The range of performed tasks is in accordance with the tasks and 

the obligations which come from the working tasks, as: regular inspections, revisions and services, 

reconstruction and revitalization of the transmission line grid. More over, the transmission line 

maintenance agency is prepared to perform activities which are not planned in the weekly and 

annual plans, which may arise from the immediate needs of the power system, for example repair 

of transmission lines failures. 

After drawing up and the approval of the assessment study on the impact of the reconstruction and 

the construction of the 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 over 

the environment, the investor H.C MEPSO is obliged to implement the measures for prevention, 

decreasing and alleviating the impacts over the environment which are defined for the exploitation 

of the project stage, as well as to adhere to the activities implied in the plan for environment 

observance. 

37



3. DESCRIPTON OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 

According to the Law on the environment (the Official Gazette number 53/05; number 81/05; 

number 24/07 and number 159/08), the environment is the space with all living organisms and 

natural resources, i.e. the natural and created values, their mutual interactions and the overall 

human surrounding including the populated areas, goods for general usage, industrial and other 

goods, mediums (water, air, soil), the area of the environment (the nature, waste, nose, vibrations, 

ionizing and non ionizing radiation, the climate, smell) and all other elements which represent 

inseparable environmental unit. 

The environment is a very complex and dynamic system in which every element directly or 

indirectly has an influence on the others, at the same time being changed itself. The environment is 

exposed to daily processes among which greater impacts on it have: population of the area, 

urbanization, the production processes and the industrialization, the agriculture, traffic 

development, the changes in the intention of the usage of the land, the usage of the natural 

resources and the dispersion of the infrastructural corridors. 

The description of the environment represents a kind of integrated overview of the mediums and 

the areas, as well as their mutual relationships. 

In this chapter the present condition of the environment is described, the condition before the 

beginning of the project realization. 

The construction and the reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - 

TS Tetovo 1 is carried out in the regions of Skopje and Tetovo. 

The route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1, goes through 

the municipalities Chair, Shuto orizari, Gorce Petrov, Saraj, Jegunovce, Zelino and Tetovo. 

38



3.1. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 

Because the projected route of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 

1, goes through territories of the municipalities in the city Skopje and Tetovo, it is necessary to be 

considered the climatic characteristics of Skopje and Tetovo region. 

The climatic characteristics of Skopje region 

Skopje valley represents the western boundary where hot air circulation can be felt from the 

Aegean Sea along the river Vardar and it represents special thermal region with especially 

emphasized valley features of the temperature. Distinguished characteristics are the immense 

annual variations of the absolute extreme temperature and variations of the medium monthly 

temperature. The absolute temperature variation is 67.10 ºC and the annual temperature variation 

is 22.80 ºC. The absolute minimal temperature is -25.60 ºC measured on January 13th 1985. The 

average icy period lasts for 170 days with medium autumn date on October 21th and medium 

spring date April 10. 

The warmth of the soil during the summer causes high air temperature. The absolute maximal 

temperature is 42.4 ºC measured in July 1988. The high heat regime in Skopje valley is manifested 

by increased number of summer and tropical days with medium annual 117 summer days and 53 

tropical days. 

The inversions of the air temperature occur throughout the year, most often in the winter periods, 

usually in anti cyclonic weather conditions, when the temperature in the valley is the lowest and it 

increases with the height. The lowest temperature on the surface of the soil is in January in 

average of 1.4 ºC, and the highest of about 24.3 ºC in July whereas the annual average variation is 

about 22.90 ºC. 

According to the above mentioned, Skopje valley is under minor Mediterranean climate influence 

and under modified continental climate influence which provide specific local climate, strongly 

conditioned by the valley topography. 

In Skopje valley in average there are about 515 mm rainfalls which in quantity and in time do not 

satisfy the need for the arable land. The average annual quantity in rainfall is about 300 mm to 714 

mm. Most of the rainfalls in May with amount of 61 mm, than November with about 52 mm whereas 

the least rainfall there is in August with 30 mm and July with 33 mm. In seasons, the most rainfalls 

are detected in the autumn with average amount of 143 mm and the spring with 139 mm whereas 

the least rainfalls there are in the summer with average of about 108 mm. In the winter the amount 

of the rainfall is about 125 mm. Considered monthly, in August the rainfalls are the lowest with 

minimum 1.8 mm, and the highest are detected in May with 125 mm. Of the total average number 

of rainy days only 17% are snowfalls limited mainly to the three winter months and the average 

annual number of snowy days is 25. 

39



The dry periods appear about 13 times in a year, mostly during the summer and the autumn with 

56% and 44% in the winter and spring. The longest duration of a dry period was 80 days detected 

in 1991 in the period summer-winter. 

The annual longitude of the sun rays radiation in the Skopje valley lasts for 2102 hours or in 

average 6 hours daily, having its maximum in July, 10 hours daily, and minimum in December with 

only 2 hours daily. 

The average cloudy periods is 5.5 tenth, the highest being in January with average of 7.4 tenth, 

and the lowest cloudiness in August with average of 3.1. Annually in average are detected about 

105 cloudy days, and only 69 clear days which points out to increased cloudiness in this valley. 

The highest humidity is characteristic for the months November, December and January with 82- 

84%, and the lowest humidity in July and August with average of 57%. 

Skopje valley is characterized with increased foggy days. The annual average is 63 foggy days of 

which 61% are in November, December and January, especially along the river Vardar, i.e. the 

area of the industrial zone. 

Annually in average there are about 11.6 days with hoar occurrence in the early hours beginning in 

September ending in May, having its maximum in December. 

Dominant wind is the wind Vardar from the northwest which is short lasting in average of about 1-2 

days with medium speed to 3.4 m/sec and maximum speed to 22.7% all over the year. The west 

wind is also present throughout the year with medium annual speed of 2.5 m/sec, most often in 

March and July. The southeast wind appears in May, December and January with average speed 

of 2m/sec and the east wind is characteristic for spring and summer up to 2.5 m/sec. 

According to the numerous data about the air circulations in the Skopje valley which here aren’t 

going to be presented separately, the overall estimation is that the central part of the valley has 

lower aeration especially during the winter period which creates periods of critical aero pollution. 

The region of the route of the transmission line has increased natural aeration which acts as 

positive ecological factor for the filtration of the atmosphere. 

40



Chart of the average daily metrological parameters from the station Mrsevci for November 

2009 1 

Day Temperature 

[°C] 

Humidity [%] Wind direction 

[deg] 

Wind speed 

[m/s] 

01.11.2009 5,2 59 320 1,1 

02.11.2009 1,7 71 283 0,3 

03.11.2009 3,6 84 257 0,2 

04.11.2009 5,6 80 289 0,3 

05.11.2009 10,0 75 283 0,3 

06.11.2009 13,7 77 235 1,2 

07.11.2009 15,3 84 230 0,8 

08.11.2009 14,3 88 240 0,3 

09.11.2009 11,6 89 261 0,2 

10.11.2009 9,9 88 254 0,2 

11.11.2009 7,6 85 299 0,5 

12.11.2009 7,8 68 281 0,6 

13.11.2009 5,3 77 272 0,3 

14.11.2009 5,1 78 232 0,4 

15.11.2009 5,4 82 311 0,3 

16.11.2009 8,6 79 254 0,2 

17.11.2009 8,4 78 225 0,4 

18.11.2009 7,3 85 236 0,3 

19.11.2009 8,2 82 226 0,5 

20.11.2009 6,6 81 229 0,3 

21.11.2009 5,4 76 156 0,5 

22.11.2009 5,5 77 194 0,4 

23.11.2009 5,3 78 210 0,3 

24.11.2009 6,2 76 247 0,3 

25.11.2009 7,1 74 238 0,4 

26.11.2009 5,3 78 240 0,4 

27.11.2009 3,7 83 205 0,3 

28.11.2009 5,6 83 274 0,2 

29.11.2009 6,6 87 268 0,3 

30.11.2009 4,0 92 271 0,2 

Pressure 

[hPa] 

Global Radiation 

[W/m 2 ] 

1 Source: Ministry of environment and physical planning 

41



Climate characteristics of Tetovo region 

The average annual temperature for the northeast part of Polog valley, where the section of the 

route of the transmission line Skopje-Tearce is located, is 11 ºC, but in some years those 

parameters increasingly vary from the average parameters. Compared with the other volleys along 

the river Vardar only here the average temperature in January has negative parameter of -0.7 ºC, 

and the average winter temperature is about 0.9 ºC. Polog doesn’t characterize with high 

temperatures of the air. The absolute minimal temperature in this area was detected -30 ºC (before 

World War II), and in the recent past the lowest detected temperature was -28.6 ºC on January 25 

1963. 

This valley during the winter periods is characterized with cold air and occurrences of temperature 

inversions to height up to 1000m. The law temperatures are often followed by fog, and over the 

foggy layer, on the surrounding mountain massif, the temperature is above zero with clear skies, 

sunny and relatively hot weather. 

Ice occurs very often in this valley. The average icy period lasts for 168 days beginning in October- 

November and it lasts until April or May. 

Even though this region is situated on higher altitude it has very high maximum temperatures. Thus 

the absolute maximum temperature of 40 ºC was detected on 21 July 1987. The high temperature 

parameters in the worm period of the year are confirmed through the intensity of the summer days 

of about 100 days, as well as 35 average tropical days with temperature of 30 ºC or more, which is 

peculiar for the months July and August. 

Very high parameters of the absolute maximal and the low values of the absolute minimal 

temperature condition high absolute variation with parameter of 69 ºC, which represents a 

characteristic for an area with highly emphasized continental influence. 

On this region dominant are the north winds but also are frequent northeast and northwest winds, 

as well as the winds from the west and from the south direction. The northern winds are very 

frequent in all months of the year with average rate of 220 ‰ and average speed of 1.5 m/sec, i.e. 

maximum speed of 27 m/sec. 

The northeast wind is the second frequent with annual average of 90‰ and average speed of 2.2 

m/sec and the annual maximum speed is 20 m/sec. The northwest and the west wind have 

approximately the same frequency from 76 to 69 ‰ and with average annual speed from 1.4 to 1.7 

m/sec and maximum annual frequency of 51‰, average annual speed of 1.8 m/sec and maximum 

annual speed of 16 m/sec. The average annual frequency of the calm periods is 377‰ having its 

maximum from October to January from 474‰, and minimum in April 248 ‰. 

The annual cloudiness in the Polog valley is about 5.9 tenths, having its maximum in January, in 

average 7.6 tenths, and minimum in August 3.7 tenths. Annually in average there are 67 clear days 

42



with the maximal frequency from July to September, whereas the number of the cloudy days is 

increasingly higher, in average 140 having its maximum in the period from December to January. 

One of the rainiest valleys in Macedonia is Polog valley. Here in average there are 784 mm 

rainfalls, which aren’t equally dominant throughout the year. The rainiest month is November with 

average parameter of 103 mm or 13% annually, and the least rainfalls are in August with 38 mm or 

only 5% taken as a whole. In certain years there are declinations from these parameters, and 

considered in seasons, the rainiest is the winter with average of 219 mm, than comes the spring 

with 199 mm and the summer with average of 117 mm. 

The biggest part of the annual wet periods consists mainly of rain and very small amount of snow. 

The snowy periods are mainly limited to the winter periods, but they can appear from October to 

April. In this period averagely there are 43 days covered with snow, in December 9, in January 15, 

in February 12, and the rest seven days are in March, April and November. The maximum height of 

the snow was detected on February 9 1954 while the longer incessant duration was 94 days. 

The orthography of the Polog valley provides conditions for fog occurrence which can appear in 

almost all months of the year, with the biggest frequency during the winter periods, late autumn and 

early spring periods. In average annually there are 34 foggy days, but sometimes this number 

changes and ranges from 18-52 days. The fog almost regularly is followed by temperature 

inversion and in those days in the valley is cold and on the surrounding mountain massifs the 

weather is sunny and warm. 

The relative humidity of the air is very distinctive in this region. It decreases from January to July 

and increases from September to the end of the year. The average annual humidity of the air is 

about 73%, having its maximum in November, December and January in average 83% and 

minimum in July and August, in average of about 64%. 

The average duration of the sun rays radiations is 1876 hours, which means that this valley is one 

of the cloudiest in the country. The radiation is the longest in July, about 277 hours, and the sun 

radiation is the shortest in December and January with average of 70 hours. 

43



Table of the average meteorological parameters from the station Tetovo, for November 

2009 2 

Day Temperature 

[°C] 

Humidity 

[%] 

Wind direction 

[deg] 

Speed of the 

wind [m/s] 

Pressure 

[hPa] 

Global radiation 

[W/m2] 

01.11.2009 4,7 58 234 1,2 966 122,5 

02.11.2009 2,1 71 224 0,9 959 82,8 

03.11.2009 1,3 88 152 1,2 947 15,3 

04.11.2009 4,0 86 205 1,1 948 90,5 

05.11.2009 7,9 83 146 0,9 954 90,7 

06.11.2009 9,1 98 156 0,5 956 8,6 

07.11.2009 11,5 100 199 0,6 954 17,0 

08.11.2009 11,6 99 157 0,9 949 13,3 

09.11.2009 9,6 93 216 1,0 953 13,4 

10.11.2009 9,0 87 232 1,2 948 41,4 

11.11.2009 8,5 78 169 1,3 948 68,2 

12.11.2009 7,8 71 197 1,2 957 112,3 

13.11.2009 6,6 70 231 1,0 965 120,0 

14.11.2009 6,4 70 194 1,3 968 99,4 

15.11.2009 6,6 76 170 1,3 965 75,7 

16.11.2009 8,6 76 202 0,9 964 60,5 

17.11.2009 9,4 72 182 1,2 966 106,6 

18.11.2009 8,7 78 216 0,9 968 92,2 

19.11.2009 9,4 73 203 1,2 971 101,4 

20.11.2009 9,0 60 200 1,2 974 111,0 

21.11.2009 7,7 60 211 1,1 973 105,1 

22.11.2009 8,1 63 218 1,3 968 96,8 

23.11.2009 7,7 65 227 1,1 964 89,6 

24.11.2009 7,1 66 201 1,2 963 78,4 

25.11.2009 7,6 66 218 0,8 966 96,0 

26.11.2009 7,0 65 215 1,5 966 99,7 

27.11.2009 5,8 73 157 1,3 964 69,9 

28.11.2009 6,9 81 97 0,5 962 34,3 

29.11.2009 8,8 81 193 1,1 965 93,0 

30.11.2009 5,3 86 186 1,0 963 48,7 

2 Source: Ministry of environment and physical planning 

44



3.2. TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS 

From seismic and tectonic aspect, this region belongs to Vardar seismic zone, in which Skopje 

epicenter area is the most distinctive according to the degree of destructivity of the earthquakes 

and their effects, especially if we take into consideration the earthquake from 1963, which comes 

from the zone of high hazard, Skopje-Kacanik-Vitina. The intensity of this earthquake was 

registered with 9 degrees MKS and magnitude of 6.1 which apart from the immense number of 

casualties it caused financial damage estimated on 15% of the GDP of ex-Yugoslavia. 

We emphasize this because of the fact that in the seismically active regions the effects and the 

causes from the earthquakes can be reflected very seriously on the geological environment by 

destruction of infrastructural objects, transmission lines, fires, sources of pollution and other 

detrimental effects. 

The tectonic composition of the area of the transmission lines characterized with peculiar 

occurrences of radial tectonics, with domination of the structures in direction northwest-southeast, 

in the same direction as the rocky formation in Vardar zone stretches, whereas the main radial 

structures in the area of Sar Planina have general direction northeast-southwest. 

Of these tectonic occurrences, the most important are the following: Gracanska luspa, Kuckovska 

luspa, in the part of the Vardar zone and Rsce-Bojane and the Eastern Polog in the area of Sar 

Planina. On the examined area the creased tectonic shapes are rare, but on the massif Zeden 

have been discovered two creases with dimensions expressed in kilometers: Zeden syncline with 

direction towards the axis and the weakly emphasized Raotin syncline with direction west east. 

3.3. GEOLOGIC, GEOMORPHOLOGIC AND HYDROGEOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 

TERRAIN 

From regional geologic aspect the region of the route of the transmission line belongs to two 

geotectonic units: the area of Sar Planina and Vardar area. The boundary between these two 

structures of the examined region stretches in northwest-southeast direction, from General 

Jankovic to Nikistani and than it turns southwest tracing the periphery of the Skopje valley. 

At the beginning part, in Butel, the route of the transmission line is positioned on terrain built of 

sediments of higher river terrace, which are consisted of differently granular gravel and send, 

spatially mildly inclined towards the rivers Vardar and Lepenec. 

Further, the terrain is consisted of Miocene sediments represented with marls, marly clay and 

conglomerates. In the peripheral parts of the terrain, these sediments are consisted of mainly send 

and gravel, especially in the higher horizons, and lay directly over the rocky masses in the Vardar 

zone. Their thickness is about 50 meters. The Miocene age of the marls is determined on the 

paleontological findings of the flora and weakly preserved lacustrine (lake) fauna. 

45



On the surface of the terrain the marls from their base are covered with delluvial bank, created 

during the processes of rocks decomposition and they are created by humus, mixed with clay and 

sand residues. 

Between AZ 1 to AZ 7 the route on certain ranges passes again in geological environment with 

higher river banks. Further, the terrain is built from low river bank deposits which spatially is higher 

for about ten meters then the modern alluvium on the river Lepenec. 

Toward the place called Golema Rudina, the route goes through region which has rocky masses 

on upper chalk (senon) carbon flish, in which dominant is vapnovit sand, marls, marly and sprudni 

chalkstones. In the part of the route, near the village Kuckovo, has been found numerous, wellpreserved 

fossil fauna on mineral shells and corals. In the part of the route of the transmission line 

west of Golema Rudina, the terrain is built of rocky masses of the Raduski serpentine massif form 

the Jurassic age, which are found in a shape of disc and composed of dunites and hartsburgies 

which have very similar composition and physical characteristics. 

Up to 1.5 km east of the left bank of the river Vardar, there are the rocks of the same compositions, 

i.e. the terrain is built of Triassic massive chalkstones on the Zeden massif which are increasingly 

cracked and covered with karsts. 

From engineering-geological aspect, the rocky masses on the terrain of the route can be 

determined in the following classes: 

- firmly fixed rocks with carbon composition. In this group belong Zeden Triassic 

chalkstones; 

- firmly fixed rocks with silicate composition. In this group belong Raduski ultramafits 

(dunites and hartsburgites); 

- firmly fixed rocks with carbon and silicate composition- upper chalk carbon flish; 

- mixed, loosely fixed (clay) and medium fixed (conglomerates and marls) from the upper 

Miocene package; 

- loosely held rocks with silicate- carbon composition, gravel, sand and clay from the quartar 

complex of lake and river banks and humus cover. 

The terrain of the route of the transmission line, being hydro geologic environment has certain 

regularities in function of the lithologic composition, the degree and the character of the porosity of 

the rocky masses and the regional hydrological means. According to the type- the character of the 

porosity of the rocky masses, the following hydro geological surroundings have been defined: 

- environment with inter granular porosity (gravel, send and clay from the Miocene and 

quartar sediments); 

- environment with cracked porosity ( sediments of the upper chalk flish); 

- environment with karsts-cracked porosity (chalkstones on the Zeden massif); 

From the above mentioned surroundings, with the most suitable hydro geologic characteristics in 

function of hydro collector are the chalkstones from the Zeden massif. 

46



As it is known, the high degree of porosity embodied through karstification enables water infiltration 

in the subterranean of the atmospheric layers, from phreatic shape of the Polog basin and in 

certain situations from the river Vardar. In the process of increased supply of the Zeden hydro 

accumulation dominant role have the subterranean waters from Polog with about 70%, and the 

water supply from the atmospheric rainfalls directly on the karsts is about 20 %, and only 10% 

comes from the water from the river Vardar which overflow through certain karsts opening along 

Zeden. 

In the boundries of flish massif, having in mind the low level of porosity for water infiltration from the 

surface of the terrain, there aren’t important underground water reservoirs which would have 

importance for the water supply. Also, in the part of Miocene sediments there aren’t appropriate 

conditions for creation of underground water which can be used for water supply, due to the low 

level of porosity and limited hydrologic capacities and the confluent region. 

3.4. SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER 

The basic hydrographic network of the Republic of Macedonia is represented by the river Vardar 

with its tributaries. The upper reaches of the river Vardar, from the river Vrutok through Polog to the 

river Beloviska is 63.5 km long, and from the river Beloviska to the spring Rasce in length of 21.5 

km flows through the Derven canyon. The formed network of tributaries is especially developed on 

the left side, whereas the right side is less developed. 

Vardar rises from the strong and constant karsts spring Vrelo at 683.5 mnv with intensity of 1.00 

m³/sec. Throughout Polog field left tributaries are: the rivers Dufska, Jelovjanska, Vrapciska, 

Mazdraca, Bogovonjska, Kamenicka, Palciska, Pena, Porojska (Dzepciska reka), Lesocka, 

Bistrica, Gabrovnica, Odrinska, Beloviska, Vratnicka and Raduska. One of the biggest right 

tributaries is the river Lakavica. 

The biggest left tributary of the river Vardar is the river Pena, long 29.7 km and with confluent area 

of 192 km². Other bigger tributaries of Pena are the rivers: Krivosijska, Lesnicka, Cepenovska, 

Skakalovska, Karanikolska, Brodecka and others. 

In the Polog field, where from the flow of the river Lakavica into the river Vardar towards northeast, 

the drainage-basin is asymmetric. 

Between Skopje valley and Polog valley there is Derven canyon through which the river Vardar 

very sharply turns in east and southeast direction. In this narrow and deep canyon, from the left 

side mainly flow smaller torrential watercourses, among which the biggest is the river Raduska. 

The route of the 110 kV transmission line goes through the flow of the rivers Vardar, Serava, 

Lepenec and Pena. 

47



The route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje-TS Tetovo1 goes through I and II protected 

zone of the spring Rasce. 

- The first protected zone which includes the area of the Zeden massif, the spring Rasce 

with the piping 1 and 2 and the area which is physically fenced; 

- The second protected zone which includes the area Dolen Polog which is in immediate 

surrounding of the massif Zeden; 

The route of the 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje 1 - TS Tetovo 1 goes through the second and 

the third protected zone of the well area called Nerezi-Lepenec. The water supply for the 

population and the industry in the region of Skopje is by the water coming from the spring Rasce 

and the wells Nerezi-Lepenec. 

The route of the 110kV transmission line TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1, goes through 

confluent areas of the rivers Vardar, Serava, Lepenec and Pena. 

The route of the 110kV transmission line “TS Skopje, TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1, goes through 

protective zones I and II of the spring Rasce. 

• The first protective zone that takes up an area of the massif Zeden, the spring Rasce with 

piping 1 and 2, and the area limited by a physical boundary. (Official Gazette 16/88) 

• Second protective zone which takes up the area of Dolen Polog which is closely connected 

with the massif Zeden 

• Third protective zone taking up the area of Goren Polog and part of the area of the 

Mavrovo’s hydro-system and the foot of Sar Planina. 

The route of the 110kV transmission line “TS Skopje, TS Jugohrom–TS Tetovo 1” goes through the 

second and the third protective zone of the well area Nerezi-Lepenec. 

The water supply of the population and the industry in the area of Skopje include the spring 

Rasce’s water and the wells Nerezi-Lepenec. 

This water source for the city of Skopje and the populated area of the Skopje’s region is of special 

importance, for the reason of the large available water amount (about 1/3 rd from the total current 

needs), water capacity, the closeness to the users and the possibility to a partial substitution of the 

spring Rasce in case of natural of technical disaster). 

The first protective zone (zone of a strict sanitary surveillance), and broader protective zones are 

determined according to the movement direction of the underground water (Decision on the 

establishment of the protective zones of the well area Nerezi- Lepenec – Official gazette no.14/99) 

I. First protective zone (zone of strict sanitary surveillance)fenced by physical well’s 

boundary; from the right side of the river Vardar with a part of the left bank of r. 

Vardar, estuary of the river Lepenec, the immediate surroundings of the river Lepenec 

to the railway line Tetovo- Skopje. 

II. Second protective zone takes up broader area – the river flow of the river Lepenec and the 

river Vardar. 

48



III. Third protective zone takes up the area of the estuary of the river Lepenec, down the river, 

north to the slopes of Skopska Crna Gora and part of the city of Skopje. 

IV. Third III A protective zone takes up the area of the estuary of Vardar and Lepenec, 

downward to the wells Nerezi and Lepenec. 

The transmission line goes through the arable areas of the Polog region, which are irrigated by the 

systems “Radiovce-Bistrica”, “Siricino” and “Kunovo – Raven - Vratnica”. The route of the 

transmission line intersects the irrigation canal “Radiovce - Bistrica”. 

Throughout the region of Skopje the corridor of the regional water supply system (RWS) 

“Treska” is envisaged. 

3.5. THE REGION 

Relief characteristics 

Polog valley with its boundary parts towards the valley of the river Treska and Skopje valley, 

characterizes with very low relief dynamics, it is mildly inclined from Gostivar towards Jegunovce, 

as well as from the foot of the mountain Sar Planina towards Suva Gora and Zeden. 

Dominant and characteristic morphological structures of Polog valley are the massifs of Sar 

Planina, Zeden, Suva Gora and Bukovik which are actually horsts and are situated on the marginal 

part of the valley. In the peripheral parts of Polog characteristic are the Pliocene lake banks in 

Goren Polog and fluvial-glacial bank in Dolen Polog. All these structures are product of the tectonic 

activities and all types of erosion which have had influence during the geological history of the 

creation. 

As a special morphological unit can be considered the Raduski serpentine massif which is 

characterized with typical petrologic structural and morphologic composition that is drastically much 

more different than the rest of the morphologic structures. 

The massif of Sar Planina is a horst considerably above Polog valley. The massif abounds in 

numerous streams and rivers which in sub parallel valleys flow down. The biggest amount of the 

water is drained from the carbon complexes which in certain places are situated in the abyss of the 

Paleozoic slates. 

The mountain Zeden is a single massif directed northwest-northeast. In northwest the massif is cut 

off the Polog valley and on northeast with Derven canyon, whereas on east and southeast the 

Skopje volley and the Grupcin hills are situated, than the valley of the river Fus and the slopes of 

the mountain Osoj. The basic feature of the massif Zeden is the occurence of very well developed 

karsts forms. Here have been detected numerous whirls in various dimensions and forms and they 

can be found in groups or rows. The base of the terrain is considerably cracked with developed 

systems of karsts canals and caverns which is a precondition for high absorption of the rainfalls, 

49



and that is the reason that the places lacks skrapi which appear on the surface. In the parts toward 

Dolen Polog on many places are detected abysses, the most characteristic are around the village 

Raotince. From the examination so far it has been estimated that the biggest cave is Dona Duka 

which is situated near the village Rasce ant it has very complex structure, with numerous galleries 

in different levels. 

Another bigger cave was discovered down the village Raotince with wide opening which is more 

than 20 meters and one by the motorway Skopje-Tetovo in the valley of the river Fus. 

The mountain Suva Gora represents wide plateau-horst which steeply declines toward Polog 

valley. The massif ranges in direction south southwest- north northeast. 

The ridge of this mountain which is wide plateau endures intensive processes of karstification 

which have created typical landscape with hundreds of whirls. Around the landscape there are 

numerous caverns, canals and rare caves. 

The massif of the mountain Bukovic with its north slopes condescends toward Polog valley up to 

Gostivar. In it construction there are Paleozoic- Devon marbles which are in process of 

karstification, which have created large number of whirls on the ridge of the mountain. It spreads 

towards southeast-northwest. The Pliocene banks which have been created due to the erosive – 

accumulating processes in the final phase of the Polog lake, are considered to be relicts in the 

Vrutok creek, than they appear on the plateau between the villages Vrapciste and Zdunje, near the 

village Gorna Banjica and village Rusino and on the higher levels of the slopes near Gonovica. 

Fluvial – glacial bank or plateau is situated in Dolen Polog, near the villages Vratnica, Nerase and 

Orasje, near the river Vardar and it represents erosive- accumulating bank which consists of moren 

material and alluvium of the river Ljuboten, which has scooped out its riverbed and is making 

successive destruction of the created bank. 

Paedological characteristics 

The corridor of the route of the transmission line is on the north part of the Republic of Macedonia 

and it belongs to two larger geotectonic units: the area of Sar Planina and the area of the river 

Vardar. The boundary between these two units is very clearly determined by the upper chalk flish, 

western of the Kacanik canyon, and for the examined area in subject, the boundary of the two 

geotectonic units which are clearly drawn with the alluvium of the river Lepenec from the Kacanic 

canyon to the estuary into the river Vardar. 

In the frames of the Vardar zone, the corridor of the route goes through the Skopje valley, which is 

formed by the early tertiary movements and filled with geotectonic structures: 

- Western tectonic block- includes the eastern parts of the Sar Planina area. It consists of 

premotriassic, Triassic, Jurassic and chalk creations. Tectonically it is very damaged and 

cracked, with deep dislocations, along which are embossed zones of Ophiolitic mélange; 

50



- Ljuboten (Raduski) ultramafitic massif- takes up greater part of the area of Sar Planina and 

it is developed in a form of a plateau, which is situated over the Triassic metamorphites on 

Sara and the Triassic marbleized chalkstones on Zeden. Along the peripheral parts of the 

massifs, besides the expressed serpentinisaton, can be seen increased crystallization and 

expressed milliotisation. The ultramafitic massif characterizes with numerous transverse 

structures, which are positioned all over the massif and also, there have been detected 

numerous cracked systems. 

- Zeden massif – from tectonic aspect it is a plateau, built marbleized chalkstones, with 

estimated Triassic age. This huge block with the surrounding tectonic units is in touch with 

remarkable rift valleys, from the eastern and the western side – eastern Polog rift valley, 

whereas on the south side is limited with the rift valley Rasce-Bojane. The marbleized 

chalkstones build prolonged Zeden syncline, oriented toward northeast. In the Zeden 

massif have been detected numerous cracks and smaller rift valleys with different 

stretching direction, and the most remarkable is the Kopanecki rift valley, which has 

direction from the village Kopance towards the village Radusa and divides both structures; 

- Polog valley- it is consisted of young tertiary rift valleys, which are still seismically active. 

The most remarkable rupture shapes are detected north of the Polog rift valley, which are 

situated on the western part of the valley, on which mineral springs are detected (Lesok, 

Slatina and others) and the rift valley which is situated on the northeaster periphery of the 

valley- Eastern Polog rift valley, by which the valley descends towards Zeden and Sara. 

The valley itself is filled with upper Pliocene and quarter lacustrine sediments. 

Lithological characteristics 

From the lithological aspects, in the corridor of the route of the transmission linethe following 

lithological materials are present: 

- Alluvial sediments- developed round the river Vardar and the river Lepenec, consisted of 

gravel-send well- developed round and selected material. The power of these sediments is 

different, sometimes it is over 100m (the flow of the river Lepenec in the river Vardar); 

- Medium river banks- developed and mildly sloped 20-30 meters from the alluvial of Vardar 

and Lepenec; 

- Lower river plateaus- developed only in the area of Skopje, on very large area along the 

river Vardar, as well as at the delta of the River Lepenec into the river Vardar, on 10-20 m 

height from the contemporary alluvium; 

- Lacustrine-terraced sediments- they full in the Polog valley, and they are consisted of 

gravel and send, mixed up with clay. The power of these sediments has been established 

by drilling and it is over 100 m; 

51



- Prolluvial sediments- they are detected along the peripheral parts of the Polog valley as 

well as on the right side of the river Lepenec. The material is deposited in shape of huge 

pluvial cones, created under the influence of the surface torrential flows. Mainly they are 

built of round and half round parts of various masses. The power of these sediments often 

is more than 10 meters; 

- Upper Miocene sediments- they can be found along the upper peripheral part of the Skopje 

valley and on the both sides of the river Lepenec. They consist of sandy material, clay, 

marls, many marly clay and clay marls. The power of these sediments have been 

estimated of about 50 m; 

- Carbon flish – this serial is built of vapnoviti sandstones, marls and marly chalkstones, and 

it can be found northwest from the village Kuckovo. Near the the monastery Ss. Georgi 

(Decki kamen) these sediments lie over the ultarmarphits in Radus. 

3.6. ECOLOGY AND BIOTIC RESOURCES 

The route of 110 kV inter transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Tetovo 1, for which are drawn up the 

conditions for spatial planning, passes through the municipalities of Zelino, Jegunovce, Saraj, 

Gorce Petrov, Cucer Sandevo, Suto Orizari and Butel. 

In accordance with the natural heritage perseverance study created according to the requirements 

of the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, in the municipalities Suto Orizari and Butel there 

isn’t natural inheritance. 

In the municipalities Tetovo, Zelino, Saraj and Cucer Sandevo there is natural inheritance, but it is 

on enough distance of the place intended for the route of the 110 kV inter transmission line TS 

Skopje-TS Tetovo 1. 

In the municipalities Jegunovce and Gorce Petrov there is natural inheritance near the route which 

is planned for the construction of the 110 kV inter transmission line TS Skopje-TS Tetovo1: 

Municipality Jegunovce 

PLOCA - PLATEAU (DISC)-SNR (Special natural reserve-proposition) 

Serpentine massif on the left side of the canyon Dreven, in the upper reaches of the river Vardar. It 

is a hilly terrain between 350 and 700 asl. The upper part is wavy plateau, and the slopes are 

increasingly ridged and stony. 

52



The area is rich in rare plants. In Macedonia only here exists the relict Balkan palaeoendem 

Genista hasertiana, Apart from this type exceptional importance have Fumana bonapartei, Tulipa 

sardica, Centaurea kosani, Convolvulus cohlearis and others. Here we can see the association 

Convulvio cochlearis – Genistetum hasserianae. 

The whole massif is very interesting for floristic, faunal, paedological and mineral investigations, 

and because of that about 1000 ha area should be under special regime of usage. 

According to IUCN it has international status of category IV and regime of protection 5. 

JASIKA-MN (monument of the nature-protected) 

The aspen (Populus tremula) can be found near the village Preljubiste – Tetovo. It is one of the 

most important and the most remarkable trees in this part of the country. The height of the stem is 

24m, broad in scope of 8.60 m, and the width of the crown 8m. 

• Dendrological purpose 

• Good condition 

According to IUCN it has international status of category III and regime of protection 6. 

Municipality Gjorce Petrov 

Decki kamen- (Monument of the nature-proposal) 

The locality can be found 1 km north of the village Kuckovo, Skopje, near the monastery St. Gjorgji. 

In an environment of carbon flish, numerous fossil representatives of marine fauna, rudine shells, 

cephalopods, corals and typical senon age, i.e chalk. 

The locality is very important for scientific-investigation work in the area of the paleontology and it 

has educational purpose. 

The object can be damaged in case the building stone is exploited for building of weekend houses 

nearby. 

According to IUCN it has an international status of category III and regime of protection 1. 

BIODIVERSITY (FLORA AND FAUNA) 

On the investigated area there are many types of bio communities and phytocenoses. According to 

their type composition, there are more deciduous woods, i.e. oak and beech trees. There are also 

evergreen woods, either in mixed form or in their pure form, but on smaller areas, mainly on the 

higher parts of Sar Planina. 

53



On the territory of the municipality Gjorce Petrov and Saraj about 200 vertebrates have been 

detected and about 1000 different types of plants. Among the plants the subendemic type has been 

identified Tulipa scardica bomm and Zabrus balcanicus rhodolensis among the animals. 

Among the endemic orthopterans which exist on the territory of the municipality is Ameles 

heldeichi, which can be found on the hilly pastures and open places. 

Important types from the aspect of biodiversity protection are: Carabus intricatus (Corine, IUCN- 

LR/nt), Calosoma sycophanta (Corine), Apatura ilia (Corine), Iphiclides pofalirius (Corine), 

Zerynthia polyxena- Habitat Directive- annex IV. Willows and poplar trees (Salix alba, S.fragilis and 

Populus alba) can be seen by the river banks. 

There are very rare and endangered species on the area of Sar Planina, in the part of municipality 

Tetovo, as: Aceri heldreichii-Fagetum. Forests along the rivers Pena have started to dry out, 

especially the types: Abieti-Piceetum scardicum. On these areas rare types are Pinus peuce as 

well as Pinus heldreichii, types existing only in the upper reaches of the river Pena. 

Rare and endangered plant species in the municipality Tetovo 

Species Location Type of endanger 

ass. Abieti-Picetum scardicum Along the course of the river Woods dehumidification 

Pena 

ass. Castanetum sativae On the overall territory of the Woods dehumidification 

macedonicum 

municipality Tetovo 

ass. Querco-Carpinetum On the overall territory of the Fires 

orientalis macedonicum municipality Tetovo 

ass. Diantho-scardici- 

Festucetum 

Sar Planina 

Limited areal 

Of high importance are the endemic types which exist on this area and which about 150 have been 

registered. Many of them are spread all over the Balkan peninsula, such as Albanian lily, 

Montenegrean ranunculus, clover and many others. Especially important are the local endemits: 

Sar Planina crocus (Crocus scardicus), Narthecium scardicum on Sar Planina, Draba korabensis 

on Korab, Draba doerfleri, Allysum scardicum on Sar Planina, Barbare arcuata, Sar Planina rose 

(Dianthus scardicus), Potentilla doerfleri, Oxithropis korabensis on Korab, Viola schariensis on Sar 

Planina, Vebrascum scradicolum on Sar Planina, and many others. 

People in the region often gather medicinal plants. According to the type of the medicinal base 

which is used from the medicinal plant (root, grass, leaf, blossom), the most endangered are the 

plants where the full plant is used. The most popular are the following types: Sideritis scardica on 

Sar Planina, people use it against cold and cough, Hipericum perforatum, Lichenes, Altahea 

officinalis, Gentijana lutea, whose roots are used for treating stomach diseases and others. 

54



Considering the fauna, Sar Planina is one of the centers of various number of insects, amphibian, 

reptiles, birds and mammals. From the games the most important are: roe-deers, wolves, bears, 

wild boars, wildcats and lynx. It is also very important to pint out that on the territory of Sar Planina 

existed reindeers (Cervus capreolus) in the past. From the minor games the most important are 

rabbits and foxes. Besides the games, in Sar Planina also live squirrels, martens, badgers and 

others. We have to stress that on Sar Planina lives the indigenous breed of shepherd’s dog 

‘Sharplaninec’. This indigenous breed was created on its own, naturally without any human 

influence, which is taken as its advantage. Today it is used as precious shepherd’s dog for 

protection of the herds from predators, but it is also kept as a pet in the urban environment. 

Consulting team made field visits along planned route to 110 kV T Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1 in December 2009. Regarding the data available to the person place and available data 

from literature, was made identification of species of birds that are found on the examined area. 

Specific types of birds from this region were also identified by experts narrations in the researched 

area there are no endangered species of birds. Characteristic birds in this region are prey birds, but 

they are all the time and live in the area of Sar Planina, due to intensive farming (farm-sheepfolds) 

and their needs for food. 

In the upper parts of the large number of mountain springs live the trout from the group Salmonide, 

i.e. its kind of spring trout (Salmo trutta fario). In the middle and lower parts of the reaches of the 

river live barbells and chubs. 

On Sar Planina there are 126 registered types of birds, which is 40% of the total number of 

registered birds on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. Among the birds of special 

importance are: Bats; Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus); Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentillis); Golden 

Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos); Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni); Western Capercaillie (Tetrao 

urogallus); Rock Partridge (Alectoris graeca); Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola); Stock Dove 

(Columba oenas); Common Wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus); Common Cuckoo (Cuculus 

canorus); Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo); Eurasian Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis); Eurasian 

Blackbird (Turdus merula); Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica); Rook (Corvus frugilegus); Carrion Crow 

(Corvus corone cornix); Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus); European Turtle-dove 

(Streptopelia turtur). 

Bats were observed near the source Rasche, near the cave Donna Duka which is 4 km away from 

the route of transmission lines. Regarding experts knowledge, bats could be observed in this area 

but it is from time to time, not so often. No protected species of bats living in the researched area. 

55



BATS 

GRIFFON VULTURE (GYPS FULVUS) 

Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentillis) 

Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) 

Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) 

Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) 

56



Rock Partridge (Alectoris graeca) 

Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) 

Common Wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus) 

Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) 

Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) 

Eurasian Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis) 

57



Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) 

Rook (Corvus frugilegus) 

An excerpt from the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, with thematic area ‘Regionalization 

and categorization of the area for protection’ is submitted in the list of Enclosures. ENCLOSURE 

10. 

3.7. AIR QUALITY 

The emission of fumes in the air of the investigated region is mainly caused by the waste gases 

and fumes from the industrial production (HES Jugohrom and smaller other industrial plants) and 

the traffic. HES Jugohrom is the greatest air polluter in the region of Polog. 

The lower industrial plants also contribute to the air pollution, but because of the decreased 

working capacity, they aren’t considered as significant polluters. The traffic is major linear source of 

pollution, especially the motorway Tetovo-Skopje and the regional roads Tearce-Jazince and 

Tearce- Jegunovce. 

The Ministry of environment and spatial planning has established national network for monitoring 

the air quality. In Tetovo, the automatic monitoring station for quality of the air is placed in the yard 

of the gymnasium ‘Kiril Pejcinovic’, near the mosque in the center of the town. This station displays 

the pollution in the town caused by the activities of the human living, heating in the homes and 

administrative institutions and the traffic. 

Automatic monitoring station for air quality has the following coordinates: 

Station 

Coordinates 

Tetovo Longitude Latitude Altitude (m) 

20о58'05'' 42о00'16'' 484 

The automatic monitoring stations follow the condition of the basic ecological parameters, as CO 3 , 

O 3 , SO 2 , PM 10 and NO 2 . 

58



In the following table there is provided data for the ecological and meteorological parameters 

received by the automatic monitoring station in Tetovo, for November 2009. 3 

Table and graphic presentation of daily concentrations of SO2 in Tetovo for November 2009 

SO2 / µg/m 3 

Tetovo 

01.11.2009 13,6 

02.11.2009 19,3 

03.11.2009 14,8 

04.11.2009 18,2 

05.11.2009 18,9 

06.11.2009 23,7 

07.11.2009 23,1 

08.11.2009 18,9 

09.11.2009 15,6 

10.11.2009 15,3 

11.11.2009 22,0 

12.11.2009 15,2 

13.11.2009 28,1 

14.11.2009 20,0 

15.11.2009 20,1 

16.11.2009 25,7 

17.11.2009 21,2 

18.11.2009 22,1 

19.11.2009 23,3 

20.11.2009 28,2 

21.11.2009 23,4 

22.11.2009 23,3 

23.11.2009 39,0 

24.11.2009 43,8 

25.11.2009 27,8 

26.11.2009 27,4 

27.11.2009 35,6 

28.11.2009 27,4 

29.11.2009 21,9 

30.11.2009 26,3 

SO2 / µg/m 3 

Tetovo 

Marginal 1h value for protection of the humans’ health 440 

The number of times the marginal 1h value was exceeded in 0 

the current month 

The number of times the marginal 1h value was exceeded in 0 

2009 

Marginal 24h value for health’s protection 125 

The number of times the marginal 24h g. value was 0 

exceeded in the current month 

The number of times the 24h g. value was exceeded in 2009 0 

Alert threshold 500 

The number of times the alert threshold was exceeded in 0 


Midday concentrations of SO 2 

3 Source:Ministry of environment and physical planning 

59



Table and graphic presentation of the midday suspended particles with a size of 10 micrometers 

(PM 10 ) in Tetovo, for November 2009 

PM10 / µg/m 3 

Tetovo 

PM10 / µg/m 3 

Tetovo 

01.11.2009 54,6 

02.11.2009 115,8 

03.11.2009 218,3 

04.11.2009 108,7 

05.11.2009 144,0 

06.11.2009 274,4 

07.11.2009 188,4 

08.11.2009 102,9 

09.11.2009 56,0 

10.11.2009 46,5 

11.11.2009 45,2 

12.11.2009 34,3 

13.11.2009 78,9 

14.11.2009 92,3 

15.11.2009 179,5 

16.11.2009 167,2 

17.11.2009 99,7 

18.11.2009 148,7 

19.11.2009 147,5 

20.11.2009 114,3 

21.11.2009 146,2 

22.11.2009 223,0 

23.11.2009 273,6 

24.11.2009 224,4 

25.11.2009 166,9 

26.11.2009 156,2 

27.11.2009 261,9 

28.11.2009 279,5 

29.11.2009 100,9 

30.11.2009 203,3 

Marginal 24 h value for health’s 

protection 

Number of times the 24h r. value was 


Number of times the 24 h g, value was 

exceeded in 2009 

59 

25 

124 

Midday concentrations of suspended particles with size of 10 

micrometers (PM10) 

60



Table and graphical presentation of maximal daily average values for eight hours of the 

concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in Tetovo, for November 2009 

CO / mg/m 3 

Tetovo 

01.11.2009 

02.11.2009 0,Ђ2 

03.11.2009 2,2 

04.11.2009 1,8 

05.11.2009 1,3 

06.11.2009 3,1 

07.11.2009 2,9 

08.11.2009 1,6 

09.11.2009 0,5 

10.11.2009 

11.11.2009 

12.11.2009 

13.11.2009 

14.11.2009 

15.11.2009 1,2 

16.11.2009 1,1 

17.11.2009 1,8 

18.11.2009 3,7 

19.11.2009 2,7 

20.11.2009 3,5 

21.11.2009 2,9 

22.11.2009 3,7 

23.11.2009 2,9 

24.11.2009 4,0 

25.11.2009 3,1 

26.11.2009 2,8 

27.11.2009 2,6 

28.11.2009 3,0 

29.11.2009 3,7 

30.11.2009 3,4 

CO / mg/m 3 

Marginal 24h value for protection of the human’s 

health 

The number of times the 24h g. value was 


The number of times the 24h g. value was 


Tetovo 

14 

Maximal daily average values for eight hours of the 

concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) 

0 

0 

61



Table and graphic presentation of maximal daily average values for eight hours of the ozone 

concentration (O3) in Tetovo, for November 2009 

O 3 / µg/m 3 

Tetovo 

01.11.2009 75,0 

02.11.2009 57,1 

03.11.2009 45,0 

04.11.2009 56,7 

05.11.2009 46,5 

06.11.2009 44,9 

07.11.2009 46,2 

08.11.2009 27,2 

09.11.2009 33,6 

10.11.2009 57,0 

11.11.2009 50,8 

12.11.2009 52,3 

13.11.2009 65,1 

14.11.2009 61,2 

15.11.2009 55,8 

16.11.2009 50,8 

17.11.2009 61,6 

18.11.2009 58,7 

19.11.2009 54,3 

20.11.2009 68,6 

21.11.2009 56,9 

22.11.2009 72,1 

23.11.2009 54,7 

24.11.2009 46,1 

25.11.2009 54,7 

26.11.2009 54,0 

27.11.2009 45,8 

28.11.2009 36,3 

29.11.2009 46,3 

30.11.2009 32,9 

O 3 / µg/m 3 

Target value for protection of the 

human’s health 

Tetovo 

120 

Number of times the target value of the 0 

current month was exceeded 

Number of times the target value was 36 


Warning threshold 180 

Number of times the warning threshold 0 

was exceeded in the current month 


Number of times the alert threshold 

was exceeded in the current month 

Maximal daily average values for eight hours 

of ozone concentration (O 3 ) 

0 

62



Analysis and graphic presentation of the nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) concentration in average hours in 

Tetovo, for November 2009 

NO 2 / µg/m3 

Tetovo 

Marginal 1h value for protection of the human’s 260 

health 

Number of times the 1h g. value was exceeded in 0 


The number of times 1h g. value was exceeded in 

2009 


The number of times the alert threshold was 0 

exceeded 

Concentration of Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) for average hours 

63



3.8. WATER QUALITY 

The water pollution in the Polog valley is due to the natural processes (erosion, through large 

number of minerals and organic substances), by releasing households, industrial, agricultural 

effluents, dumping grounds and the motorways. 

As part of the measurement network of RHMI in the upper reaches of the river Vardar, there are 

four measurement points: Vrutok, Balin dol, Sarakino and Jegunovce. The quality control of the 

water includes analysis of physical-chemical, toxic-chemical, microbiological-bacteriological, 

saprobiological and radiological parameters. The estimation of the quality of the surface waters is 

performed according to established criteria defined by the existing legislative. 

In the following table is represented data for the surface water quality of the river Vardar, 

obtained from the measurement points 4 

No. Measurement Quality regulated by the 1993 1994 

point 

law 

River Vardar 

1. Vrutok I I - II I – II 

2. Balin dol II III III 

3. Sarakino II III - IV III – IV 

4 Jegunovce II III - IV III – IV 

Measured values by station 6 

STATION Jegunovce on river Vardar- with geographic latitude/42° 04’ 34”/ and lenght/21° 08’ 13”/ 

DAY (4.2009) 

Water-level 

(cm) 

Water-flow 

(m 3 /s) 

1 168 45,8 - 

2 160 43,0 - 

3 200 57,5 - 

6 168 45,8 - 

4 220 66,0 - 

5 188 52,8 - 

7 - - - 

8 - - - 

9 - - - 

10 - - - 

Temperature 

( 0 C) 

4 Source: Spatial plan for protected areas of Rasce 

64



3.9. POPULATION 

According to the data from the Census and the household registry carried out in 2002, the total 

number of the population of the municipalities: Tetovo, Tearce, Zelino, Jegunovce, Saraj, Gjorce 

Petrov, Cucer Sandevo, Suto Orizari and Butel in whose administrative boundaries is placed the 

location in subject, for which the Spatial planning conditions for drawing up of the urban project for 

construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line‘TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom- TS 

Tetovo 1’ are intended is 352 693 inhabitants. 

Total number of population and households according to the Census from 2002 5 

Municipality Total number of Households Housings 

population 

(all types of lodgings) 

Tetovo 86580 20094 22592 

Tearce 22454 5095 5480 

Zelino 24390 5226 5325 

Jegunovce 10790 2645 3029 

Cucer Sandevo 8493 2321 3925 

Saraj 35408 7972 7837 

Gjorce petrov 41634 17107 17127 

Suto Orizari 22017 5102 5263 

Butel 36154 10056 11077 

Chair 64773 17107 17127 

Tetovo is a town in northwest of Macedonia, on the slopes of the mountain Sara, i.e. in the lower 

Polog valley. Tetovo is the center of the same municipality, which is situated on area of 87 km², 

and together with the newly created municipalities, which were part of it and which even today 

gravitate toward it, and that area is 1.053 km². The total number of population is 86580 inhabitants. 

The municipality Tearce is situated in western Macedonia, on area of 136.54 km², and the total 

number of inhabitants according to the Census of 2002 was 22 454. The municipality Tearce has 

13 villages: Brezno, Varvara, Glogji, Dobroste, Jelosnik, Lesok, Neprosteno, Neraste, odri, Prvce, 

Prsovce, Slatino (Tetovo) and Tearce(Tetovo). 

The municipality Zelino is situated in western Macedonia. It has area of 201.04 km², and the 

number of inhabitants according to the Census from 2002 was 24390. The municipality Zelino is 

consisted of 18 populated places: Gorna :Lesica, Grupcin, Dobarce, Dolna Lesica, Zelino, Kopacin 

5 Source: Total number of population and households according to the Census from 2002 

65



Dol, Larce, Lukovica, Merovo, Novo Selo (Tetovsko), Ozormiste, Palatnica, Rogle, Sedlarevo, 

Strimnica, Trebos, Cerovo (Tetovo) and Chiflik (Tetovo). 

The municipality Jegunovce takes up an area of 174 km. In the last Census from2002 the total 

number of inhabitants is 10790. It includes 17 villages: Beloviste, Vratnica, Zilce, Jazice, Janciste, 

Jegunovce, Kopance, Orasje, Podbrege, Preljubiste, Raotnice, Ratae, Rogacevo, Siricino, Staro 

selo, Tudence and Semsevo. The center of the municipality is in Jegunovce. 

The municipality Cucer Sandevo is situated on the slopes of Skopska Crna Gora, north of 

Skopje. It takes up total area of 235 km² and it has 8493 inhabitants. The municipality includes 12 

villages: Banjane, Blace (Skopje), Brazda, Brest (Skopje), Brodec, Gluvo, Gornjane, Kuceviste, 

Mirkovci, Pobozje, Tanusevci and Cucer-Sandevo. 

The municipality Saraj is a municipality of Skopje with total area of 229.06 km², and according to 

the latest Census from 2002 it has 35408 inhabitants. It includes 22 populated places: Arnakija, 

Bojane, Bukovik, Glumovo, Gorno Svilare, Grcec, Dvorce, Dolno Svilare, Kondovo, Kopanica, 

Krusopek, Laskarci, Ljubin, Matka, Panicari, Radusa, Raovik, Rasce, Rudnik, Radusa, Semeniste, 

Chajlane and Sisevo. 

The territory of the municipality Gjorce Petrov stretches toward the northwest part of Skopje. It 

has total area of 66.99 km², and according to the last Census from 2002 it has 41634 inhabitants. 

The municipality includes six populated places: Volkovo, Grcani, Kuckovo, Nikistane, Novo Selo 

and Orman. 

The municipality Suto Orizari is situated in the north part of Skopje and takes up an area of 7.48 

km² and according to the latest Census from 2002 it has 20800 inhabitants. The municipality 

includes only one village, Gorno Orizari. 

The municipality Butel is a recently formed municipality and it is situated at the peripheral 

northern part of Skopje. Butel is the second municipality in size of the city of Skopje. Butel takes up 

an area of 60.79 km2, and total number of inhabitants 36 154. It includes four villages: Vizbegovo, 

Ljubanci, Ljuboten and Radisani. 

The municipality Chair belongs to city of Skopje. The total number of the inhabitants according to 

the Census from 2002 is 64 773. It has territory of 3.52 km². 

According to the projection of the population of the region of the Polog valley, the total number of 

the population for 2002, is represented in this table by each populated area separately. 

66



Total number of inhabitants in 2002 in populated areas 

Municipality Settelment Number of inhabitants 

Odri 1500 

Dobroste 3000 

Glogji 1400 

Tearce 3900 

Tearce 

Slatino 4500 

Lesok 450 

Neprosteno 1200 

Neraste 4000 

Prsovce 2500 

Palatica 2500 

Trebos 3000 

Zelino 

Zelino 4500 

Cerovo 500 

Ozormiste 1600 

Siricino 400 

Semsevo 1800 

Zilce 550 

Preljubiste 400 

Tudence 400 

Kopance 750 

Janciste 550 

Raotince 500 

Jegunovce 

Podbrege 160 

Jegunovce 750 

Ratae 380 

Jazince 950 

Rogacevo 450 

Staro Selo 300 

Vratnica 650 

Beloviste 450 

Orasje 1300 

Gorno Svilare 780 

Rasce 2000 

SARAJ 

Radusa 1600 

Dvorce 280 

Bojane 2700 

Kopanica 750 

67



3.10. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS 

Socio-economic characteristics of the population 

General economic development 

What is characteristic for the economic development of the analyzed area is the population’s 

orientation toward the agriculture, which in the past was main activity. The development of the 

industry in the past was based on two capacities-Jugohrom in Jegunovce and the mine Radusa 

with the separation. The changed economic conditions, inflexibilities and the inappropriate 

economic structure, led to constant decrease of the annual growth rate of the domestic product. 

The closure of the mine Radusa and the reduction of the production of HES Jugohrom reflected 

negatively over the total development of the economy in the region. According to the structure of 

the active population, structured by their activity in different working sectors (according to the 

Census of 2002) on this area, the greatest participation is in the area of industry and mining 

industry, than comes the agriculture and fisheries, trade, building construction, etc. From the noneconomic 

sectors the greatest participation of the population is in the education, health care, etc. 

Total number of population in the country at the age of 15 and more according to their 

professional occupation 

Activity 

Municipalities 

Condovo Jegunovce Saraj Chair 

Total 868 1052 2023 15804 

Agriculture, forestry and hunting 71 44 96 218 

Fisheries 2 - - 1 

Minerals and stone mining 6 2 6 43 

Manufacturing industry 69 578 285 3173 

Power, gas and water supply 65 13 107 481 

Construction 170 48 324 997 

Trade (wholesale and in retail), motor 

vehicles and motorcycles repair services 

and household appliances repair services 69 71 300 2841 

Hotels and restaurants 27 8 44 449 

Traffic, storage and connection 61 32 194 1366 

Finances 2 2 10 302 

68



Business activities, leasing and estate 

realty 5 7 32 652 

Public administration and defense, 

obligatory social protection 38 99 107 1326 

Education 118 50 235 1317 

Healthcare and social work 26 49 93 1189 

General social, cultural and personal 

services 38 10 103 1102 

Private households with employed persons - - - 5 

Exterior organizations and bodies 3 2 4 129 

Undetermined (unknown activity) 98 37 83 213 

According to the Spatial planning conditions for the analyzed region, from economic aspect, the 

realization of the designed project for reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- 

TS Tetovo 1 which goes through the municipalities Chair, Suto Orizari, Gjorce Petrov, Saraj, 

Jegunovce, Zelino and Tetovo will have positive influence on the improvement of the working 

conditions and the economic capacities in the region and even broader. 

3.11. CULTURAL MONUMENTS 

On the area that is the subject of analysis, near the route of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - 

TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 are registered immovable cultural goods. There are three cultural 

monuments on the part of lines from TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom, and the remaining five are on the 

part TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, where the existing lines. Monuments of Culture in sufficient 

distance from the route and are located at a distance of 1km - 4 km. 

1. Complex Partisans cemeteries, Butel, the 20 th century; 

2. Archeological site ‘Sepulchre’ (Bunar-Kula), K.P. 1248, 1249, 1253, Brazda, early antique 

(4 th century B.C); 

3. Archeological site ‘Brest’, K.P. 395, 393, Orman, Late Roman period; 

4. The house of Goce Stojcevski, str. Radovan Conic 92, Tetovo, 20 th century; 

5. The house where the decision was taken to be formed Partisan units, str. Goce Delcev 

124, Tetovo, 20 th century; 

6. The house where the Central Committee of the CPM was formed, str. Goce Delcev, 83, 

Tetovo, 20 th century; 

7. The fortress ‘Srsem Ali Baba’, Tetovo, 18 th century; 

8. The fortress “Baltepe’, Tetovo from the early Middle Ages of the Hellenic period; 

9. Turkish bath, str. Ilindenska bb, Tetovo, the Turkish period; 

10. A house, str. Braka Miladinovci 93, Tetovo, 19-20 th century; 

11. A house, str. Braka Miladinovci 111-113, Tetovo, 19-20 th century; 

69



12. A house, str. Braka Miladinovci 166, Tetovo, 19-20 th century; 

13. A house, str. Gjorce Petrov 2, Tetovo, 19-20 th century; 

14. A house, str. K.J.Pitu 130, Tetovo, 19-20 th century; 

15. A bridge on the river Pena ( Cannon bridge), Tetovo, Turkish period; 

16. A mosque (Sarena dzamija), Tetovo, 18 th century; 

17. Alimbeg’s house- the old hospital, str. 29-ti Noemvri 16, Tetovo; 

18. A house, str. Radomir Conic 44, Tetovo 

In the archeological map of the Republic of Macedonia, which studies the prehistoric and the 

historic classes of people’s existence, from the earliest periods until the late Middle Ages, on the 

analyzed region the following objects are registered: 

- KO Butel- none; 

- KO Bosnjani- none; 

- KO Orizari- none; 

- KO Gluvo- Brazda- Kukestini, a settlement from the early period of the Middle Ages, about 

800 m northwest of the village. Stitenje, isolated finding from the Roman time; Gradiste, s 

settlement from the iron, early antique, Roman and late antique period, it is situated on a 

high hill, which is about 70 meters above the surrounding, surrounded from both sides by 

the river Cuceska Reka; Gjorgjoec, an aqueduct from the Roman time, 1 km southwest 

from the Village with route of direction toward Roman Skupi; Carevec, a settlement from 

the Roman time, 3 km western of the village; 

- KO Orman- Banica, a settlement from the Neolithic period, it is situated on the left bank of 

the river Lepenec; Konjusnica, a settlement from the iron and early antique period, 

necropolis from the late antique period and old Christian basilica, it is situated about 1 km 

west of the village and about 10 km northwest of Skopje; Ss. 40 martures, necropolis from 

the late antique period and it is situated about 1km west of the village; 

- The village Volkovo- Dubice, necropolis from the iron period, it is situated 500 m north of 

the village on the right side of the road towards the village Orman; Livada, necropolis from 

the Roman period, it is situated on the right side of the railway line Orman-Volkovo; Usi, a 

settlement from the Roman period, it is situated on 2 km southwest of the village; Crkviste, 

an isolated finding from the Roman period, it is situated about 500 m of the right bank of 

Lepenec; 

- KO Nikistane- none; 

- KO Kuckovo- none; 

- KO Radusa- none; 

70



- KO Jegunovce- Gradiste, a settlement from the late antique period, it is situated eastern of 

the village, on the right bank of the river Vardar; Kaj fabrikata, necropolis from the Roman 

period , it is situated in Metallic combine ‘Jugohrom’; Pester, a necropolis from the Roman 

period, it is situated about 2 km east of the village, in the foot of the mountain Zeden; 

- KO Podbrege – Manastiriste, old Christian basilica and a Middle Age church, it is situated 

about 2km west of the village, near the railway station; 

- KO Janciste- Tumba, a settlement from the Roman period, it is situated on about 1km 

south of the village, on the left side of the road towards the village Preljubiste; 

Keramidnica, a settlement from the Roman period, it is situated very near the railway line; 

- KO Preljubiste – Brezjansko nivce, a settlement from the late antique period, it is situated 

western of the village; Tri tumbi, a settlement from the Neolithic period, is situated in the 

center part of the village; 

- KO Semsevo- Sred selo, a municipality and necropolis from the late antique period, it is 

situated at the peripheral part of the village; 

- KO Zilce- Prosecnik, a settlement from the Roman period, it is situated on the right side of 

the road which leads towards the village Lesok; 

- KO Ozormiste- none; 

- KO Palatnica- none; 

- KO Sarakino- Tumba, a settlement from the Neolithic period it is situated on the right side 

of the road which leads toward the village; 

- KO Falish- none; 

- KO Tetovo- Banice, a settlement from the late antique period, it is situated in the base of 

the fortress- Kale, near the place called Banice; Buzane, a settlement from the late antique 

period; Gorno Teke, a settlement from the Roman period, it is situated 4 km west of the 

town, on the low slopes of Sara, north of the fortress; Drenoec, a settlement from the late 

antique period, it is situated on the opposite side of the church St. Mary; Fortress-Kale, an 

urban settlement from the late antique period and the Middle Ages, it is situated 2 km 

northwest of the town; St,Petka, a settlement from the Roman period, it is situated on the 

north exit of the town, by the route toward the village Banice; Tetovo, an isolated finding 

from the late copper period; The street ‘Braka Miladinovci’ objects from the Roman period; 

the street ‘JNA’, an object from the Roman period; the street ‘Stipska’, sepulcher from the 

early antique period. 

71



3.12. TOURIST PLACES 

According to he basic long term goals, the concept and the criteria for development and 

organization of the touristic offer, in the country there are 10 established touristic regions with 54 

touristic zones. The route of the transmission line belongs to two tourist regions: Skopje- 

Kumanovo tourist region in which 8 touristic zones are defined with 17 tourist localities and Sarsko- 

Poloski region in which 3 touristic zones are defined with 14 tourist localities. 

The realization of the planned project for construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, will represent an important 

determinant in the process of approval of the infrastructural conditions for development of the 

tourism. In accordance with the long-term goals, the concept and the criteria for development and 

organization of the tourism, it is recommended, during the future organization of the economic 

activities, the criteria for environment protection and sustainable economic growth for better 

development of the tourism in this region. 

3.13. MINERAL RESOURCES FIELD 

The geologic building, the active tectonics, large number of intrusive and effusive movements of 

the magmatic masses and the productive hydrothermal activities enabled on the analyzed territory 

to be formed big number of metallic and non-metallic fields, building stone, sand and gravel. 

Metals 

From the metals which can be found on this region the most prevalent are: arsenic, iron, 

manganese and chromium. Besides the chromium (in the broader surrounding), the rest of the 

minerals don’t have economic importance and their function is only mineralogical. 

Arsenic 

- Lesok - It can be found about 300 m west of the village Lesok, near the place called Beli 

Meloi on the slopes Sar Planina. The geological structure of the region is very complex. 

The arsenopirites are the main mineral material which is found in large crystals in strings 

and strands. 

Iron 

- Tearce - This mineral can be found near the locality Kokoskina Korba, which is about 1km 

from the village Tearce. The area of this mineral locality is constructed by old Paleozoic 

shale. 

- Grpcin - This mineral can be found about 1 km northwest of the village Grupcin, more 

precisely 0.5 km on the left side on the road Skopje-Tetovo. The region of this mineral is 

composed by marbleized chalkstones which lay on old Paleozoic shale, on some places 

pierced by catalyzed granites. 

72



Manganese 

- Grupcin -This mineral can be found about 17 km southeast from Tetovo. Iron manganese 

mineralization can be detected in the Paleozoic marbleized chalkstones. The minerals in 

Grupcin are rich in iron and poly metallic sulfides, whereas the existence of the 

manganese doesn’t have any economic meaning. 

Chromium 

- Radusa - Nada- The ledge can be found about 1 km north of Radusa. It belongs to 

Ljuboten serpentine massif, and the mineral itself exists in the dunite masses. 

- Vitina slope - The ledge is about 3 km northwest of the village Kumovo. The mineral on 

Vitina slope is part of the Ljuboten massif. 

- Radusa - Gorance - The ledge is to be found about 4 km north of Radusa. It belongs to 

Ljuboten serpentine massif in the dunite zone. According to the investigated process of the 

lodge, the further exploitation is unprofitable. 

- Radusa - Debelo Brdo – The ledge is to be found 22 km northwest of Skopje. It belongs to 

Ljuboten serpentine massif in the dunite zone. This area is not into exploitation. 

- Radusa - Upper and lower Raduska reka- The ledge can be found 2 km distance north of 

the delta of the river Ronacka Reka into the river Vardar. The minerals are to be found in 

the dunites rocks which contain large number of Hartsburg blocks. 

- Caska – Gracane – Radusa - The ledge can be found 12 km northwest of Skopje. The 

minerals are into the dunit masses, in the peripheral parts in contact with the Hartsburg 

objects. The object is not into exploitation. 

- Krvenik – Radusa - The ledge is to be found 18 km northwest of Skopje. The minerals can 

be found in the serpentine dunites. The object is not into exploitation. 

- Radusa - Gorna Voda - The ledge is to be found 16,5 km northwest of Skopje. The 

mineralization is into the dunit rocks which contain a large number of irregular lenses of 

Hartsburg and they are intensively serpentined. The object is not into exploitation. 

- Stankovac – Radusa - The ledge is on 3km distance northwest of Orasje. The 

mineralization is in the dunit rocks. The ledge is exploited. 

- Jazince – Radusa - The ledge is 4 km distance northeast of the village Vratnica. The 

mineralization is in the intensively serpentined dunits. At the current level of analysis, 

further exploitation wouldn’t be profitable. 

- Kisela Voda – Radusa - The ledge is to be found 1km west of the river Vardar, and 5km 

southeast from the colony Radusa. The mineralization is present in the serpentized 

dunites, whereas for the content of the basic and supporting elements there is no specific 

information. The exploitation is not profitable. 

- Mala Kula – Radusa - The ledge is between the rivers Vardar and Lepenec at 6.5 km 

distance southeast from the colony Radusa. The mineralization is found in the dunites. The 

object is not into exploitation, and the current level of ledge analyses shows that future 

exploitation is not going to be profitable. 

73



Non-metals 

Among the non-metals found there, of higher importance is the presence of chalkstones, dolomites 

and travertine which are exploited through the active mines. 

Chalkstone 

- The mine Staro selo – Vratnica - is about 23 km distance northeast from Tetovo, near the 

village Staro Selo. The ledge is build of highly tectonic chalkstones and they represent part 

of the carbon complex of Ljuboten. 

- The mine Zeden – Jegunovce - is found on the western slopes of Zeden nearby the village 

Jegunovce. 

- The ledge Surin - Staro Selo can be found near the town Tetovo at about 24 km distance. 

The ledge is near the village Staro Selo, near the regional road Tetovo - Urosevac. The 

chalkstones are fully tectonic and they are part of the carbon complex of Ljuboten. 

Clay 

- Tearce – Tetovo - Clay can be found near the place called ‘Grlce’ from both sides of the 

river. 

- Odri – Tetovo - there is kaolin 2 km down the stream which runs through the village. 

Dolomite 

- The mine Derven - Jegunovce, is positioned in the ravine part of the river Vardar, at abot 5 

km northeast of the village Jagunovce. According to the norms for the dolomite raw 

material, they belong to the first class. 

Magnezite 

- Jazince – the ledge of the magnezite can be found at the peripheral northwest part of the 

Ljuboten serpentine massif. The ledge is near the village Jazince. 

- Svilare - the ledge of magnezite can be found at the peripheral southeast part of the 

Ljuboten massif, near the village Gorno Svilare, between the ultrabazitits and the Neogene 

sediments of the Skopje valley. 

Onyx 

- The mine Lesok – Tetovo, it is placed on the northeast part of Tetovo, near the village 

Lesok. The presence of onyx here is due to the fact that there used to be springs of 

mineral water which today cause travertine deposition. Currently the mine is closed. 

- The presence near Tearce is northeast of Tetovo at a distance of about 7 km airway. The 

onyx can be found in the crystal shale into which, along the west Polog were deposited 

travertine and onyx, covered with slope material. 

- Presence near Neprosteno - Tetovo, it has been discovered at a distance of about 4 km 

airline from Tetovo, near the village Neprosteno. 

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Travertine 

- The mine Svilare - Skopje, can be found around the villages Gorno and Dolno Svilare. The 

traventine in Svilare is Pleistocene and can be found in three major mutually separated 

plates. 

For the purpose of mechanization, large construction companies, as well as individuals use gravel. 

A larger gravel ledge, used by the public utility in Tetovo is located near the village Zelino, by the 

bank of the river Vardar. The gravel near the river Vardar is used by the inhabitants from the 

villages Kopance and Jegunovce. This usage is not regulated by the law on mineral raw materials. 

Peat is used near the village Janciste, at the site of the previous Jancisko blato, which is meliorated 

for the purpose of better functioning during the exploitation. 

The analyzed transmission line 110 kV TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, goes over the 

ledges of mineral raw materials, especially in the Skopje valley and in the area of the canyon 

Zeden. 

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3.14. LAND USAGE 

Organization and usage of the arable land 

According to the division of the agricultural-economic regions and micro regions, the analyzed area 

takes up parts of the western and Skopje region, more precisely the micro regions: Polog 

(intensive), Tetovo (Polog region), Bukovic - Bojane mountainous and Rasce - Brestovac pastures. 

An overview of the arable land in separate relief parts 6 

Arrable Mountainous Sloppy Plains 

ha Ha % ha % ha % 

Polog 47078 6873 14,6 31166 66,2 9039 19,2 

Skopje 50717 24699 48,7 5173 10,2 20845 41,1 

More intensive agricultural production is organized in the plains of the Polog valley. 

There are 22.49 ha, which are used as arable land, for production of cereal crops, vegetables and 

fodder crops. There are orchards with apples, plums and walnuts. The orchards are on state 

owned land, whereas the individual production is not so abundant with agricultural parcels of fruit 

products. 

The development of stock-breeding is based on low pastures, which results in development of the 

cow-breeding, whereas the traditional sheep-breeding, for which there are excellent conditions on 

the Sar Planina massif, is in the process of permanent stagnation. There are a few larger sheepbreeding 

farms in the pasture zone of Ljuboten, the pastures of the Raduski massif are mainly used 

by the villages Gorno and Dolno Orasje, Dvorce, Radusa and Staro Selo. The cow-breeding is 

developed in the villages of Dolen Polog, especially in the municipalities Jegunovce and Vratnica. 

The villages in the Skopje valley (Bojane, Kopanica, Rasce, Radusa and Dvorce) have relatively 

limited arable land, concentrated mainly along the river Vardar and the eastern slope of the Zeden 

massif (between the villages Bojane and Radusa). In the structure of the arable land dominated are 

the cereal crops and vegetables. The fields of strawberries are mainly along the motorway Skopje- 

Tetovo (between the villages Ljubin and Grupcin). Individual agricultural economies have the stockbreeding 

as their main activity only for their individual needs. The sheep-breeding is more 

predominant on the Raduski massif and it has an extensive character. The pastures on the Zeden 

massif are only used during the spring period, because of the climate conditions and the low water 

capacity of the terrain. 

An excerpt from the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, with thematic area ‘The usage of 

the land’ is submitted in the list of Enclosures. ENCLOSURE 12 

6 Source: Spatial Plan for protected areas of Rasce 

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3.15. CONSTANT AND PROJECTED INFRASTRUCTURE 

TRAFFIC NETWORK 

On this region there are several routes: motorways M-4 (E-871)- section Skopje-Tetovo (35 km); 

regional roads P-403 section Kondovo-Dvorce-Jegunovce-Tearce (28km), P-405-section Tetovo- 

Jazince (28.5 km) and P-407 section Zelino-Jegunovce (13.2km); as well as dense network of local 

roads in Dolen Polog, whereas Zeden isn’t covered by road network. 

The route P-40 P-403 of the section Dvorce- Jegunovce is 5.7 km, it hasn’t been built yet, so that 

the connection of the villages of Dolen Polog with the villages along the river Vardar is interrupted. 

According to the density of the traffic which takes place on the motorway M-4, the technical 

characteristics of the road construction do not satisfy the current needs and due to that the 

construction of the motorway E-871 is in progress. 

The regional roads are used for inter town communication and the connection with the neighboring 

areas. The regional road Tetovo-Jazince has increased traffic frequency and it also represents 

international road connection with Kosovo. Because of the high concentrations of settlements along 

the route and besides its good technical characteristics there is a need of displacement of the 

corridor. 

The local road network isn’t well-developed, except the road route from Radusa to Kopance. The 

villages at the peripheral part of Zeden, which commute toward Skopje, are connected with a local 

road connection, which north of the settlement Laskarci parts towards the village Bojane, and up to 

this point the road is asphalted. Starting from this point through the village Kopanica to the village 

Rasce there is a macadam road. The village Rasce, is also connected through a local road with the 

village Ljubin on the right side of the river Vardar. 

The railway line from Skopje (Kondovo) tracks its route along the river Vardar, and from Jegunovce 

it inclines southwest near the village Ratae and Dzepstite toward Tetovo. In Jegunovce there are 

separate tracks for the needs of HES ‘Jugohrom’. The freight transport on this track is considerably 

decreased, especially the transport of raw minerals and concentrates, after the closure of the 

mines Tajmiste (Kicevo) and Radusa. In that way the possible negative consequences over the 

environment are also decreased. Freight stations in the canyon Derven are abandoned and the 

area is inappropriately organized. 

An excerpt from the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, with thematic area ‘Settlements and 

traffic infrastructure’ is submitted in the list of Enclosures. ENCLOSURE 11 

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ENERGETIC INFRASTRUCTURE 

Power supply 

From the transit transmission lines which lead to the hydro electrical stations in Mavrovo, through 

Polog valley and the canyon Derven towards Skopje are: 

- High voltage 110 kV transmission line number 108/1A from HE Vrutok from the factory 

‘Jugohrom’ i.e. to TS 110/35 Jugohrom with length of 43.3 km. The transmission line 

number 108/1B from TS Jugohrom to TS Skopje 3 is 41.5 km long and goes along the 

canyon Derven between the villages Dolno and Gorno Svilare towards Skopje. 

- The second transmission line is with low voltage of 35 kV from TS Jugohrom it goes along 

the canyon Derven through the settlement Radusa to Gjorce Petrov where it is connected 

with the transformer station TS 35/10/04 kV. This transmission line today has a 

functionality of 10 kV, because the mine in Radusa is closed, and the transformer station in 

Radusa has transformer of 10/04 kV. The factory complex ‘Jugohrom’ and the villages in 

Dolen Polog are supplied by this transformer station. From Jegunovce the transmission 

line continues to the settlement Radusa. 

Among the larger electro-energetic objects, of higher importance are the two high voltage 

transmission lines of 220 and 110 kV which go from Vrutok to Skopje. These transmission lines go 

south from the village Zelino and the hill Debarski Zeden, over the village Grupcin, through 

Bojansko pole and Kopanica they continue towards TS Skopje. 

The settlements in this area are connected with the distributive network with voltage of 10 kV, the 

transformers are of 10/04 kV, and the transfer case in these settlements is with aero transmission 

lines. An exception is the transformer station 35/10/04 kV in the mine Radusa, and it functions as 

TS 10/04 kV. Also, a big electro energetic object represents the transformer station of the factory 

‘Jugohrom’ with TS 110/35/10 kV. It functions in the composition of the metallurgic complex. 

The power supply of the populated places in the municipalities Saraj and Kondovo is toward 

Skopje, i.e. from the transformer station Gjorce petrov, i.e. TS Kondovo 10/04 kV. The settlements 

in the southeast part of Polog, i.e. from Zelino to Jegunovce are also connected with 10 kV 

transmission line which leads from the transformer station TS 110/35/10 kV Tetovo1. Also, the 

settlements in the foot of the mountain Sar Planina, i.e. the northern part of Dolen Polog, are 

supplied through the distributive network of 10 kV. These settlements have two sided power supply 

through 10 kV distributive network from TS Radusa and through the village Orasje. 

The existing grid of power supply (transmission and distributional grid) satisfies the needs of the 

current structures of the households and the economic subjects. 

Besides the usage of the electricity, the households as a source of energy use wood, which is a 

main heating source in all settlements. The annual usage of wood is about 15 m³ per household. 

The usage of coal and other fossil raw materials (oil and gas) for production of thermal energy is 

78



predominant for the production, and it is minor for the households. The usage of the oil derivates is 

mainly predominant for motor vehicles. 

This transmission line is not into conflict with the planned 110 kV transmission line and transformer 

stations, included in the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia. 

Gas-line and oil-line 

The natural gas, currently isn’t much used in the energetic sector in Macedonia. By its usage will 

be introduced ecologically more acceptable fuel which with its chemical compound and high power, 

represents excellent substitute for the oil, its derivates, the coal and other solid fuels. Compared 

with other energy suppliers, the natural gas in its combustion releases fewer harmful substances. 

The constructed part Zidilovo-Skopje is part of the international transit gas-line system Russia- 

Romania-Bulgaria-Macedonia. It is planned in the next period of construction of the gas-line 

network in Macedonia, connection with the networks of the neighboring countries which will allow 

increasing of the safety in the supply in all the regions of the Republic of Macedonia, and balance 

of the usage during the year, as well. 

The projected gas-line intersects with this 110 kV near the village Gorno Orizari and because of 

this the legal regulation should be fully respected. 

The route of this 110 kV transmission line is not into conflict with the existing oil-line Thessaloniki- 

Skopje, as well as with the projected oil-line AMBO. 

WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE 

The route of the 110 kV transmission line goes through the confluences of the rivers Vardar, 

Serava, Lepenec and Pena. During the construction and during the functioning of the transmission 

line it is necessary to be taken all the technical-protective measures in order not to be disturbed the 

natural balance in the confluences of the rivers, and not to be disturbed the balance of the 

biodiversity in the water-flows and to be taken all the appropriate by which will be stopped the 

degradation of the river beds. 

The spring Rasce is the main water-supply for the city of Skopje, the populated places from the 

region of Skopje and part of the Polog region. 

The route 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje-TS Jugohrom-TS Tetovo 1’ goes through I and II 

protected zone of the spring Rasce. 

The route of the 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje-TS Tetovo1’ goes through the second and the 

third protected zone of the well area Nerezi-Lepenec. The water supply for the population and the 

industry of the region of Skopje is by the water from the spring Rasce and the wells Nerezi- 

Lepenec. 

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This spring is of exceptional importance for the citizens of Skopje and the surrounding settlements 

because it has an enormous water quantity (about 1/3 of the current needs), because of the quality 

of the water, the vicinity to its users and the possibility of partial substitution of the spring Rasce in 

case of natural or technical disaster. 

The well area Nerezi-Lepenec needs specific treatment for its protection because of the great 

importance it has for the water supply of the city and its position it has for the urban area. The 

transmission line goes through the arable lands in the region of Polog. The arable lands are 

watered by the systems ‘Radiovce-Bistrica’, ‘Siricino’ and ‘Kunovo-Raven-Vratnica’. The route of 

the transmission line intersects with the irrigating canal ‘Radiovce-Bistrica’. It is necessary to be 

taken appropriate technical-protective measures in the process of construction in order not to be 

damaged the watering systems. 

The corridor of the regional water-supply system (RWS) ‘Treska’ is projected to go through the 

region of Skopje. The construction of this system is projected by the Spatial plan of the Republic of 

Macedonia. For precise definition of the route of RWS ‘Treska’ it is necessary to be carried out 

further studies and project technical documentations, so for the time being, the projected RWS is 

not an obstacle for the construction of the 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje-TS Tetovo1’. 

An excerpt from the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, with thematic area ‘Water-supply 

and energetic infrastructure’ is submitted in the list of enclosures. ENCLOSURE 13 

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4. DESRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE 

ENVIRONMENT, ON LOCAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LEVEL 

In the realization of principles for improvement of the living conditions qualities, special attention 

should be paid on the development and the protection of the environment. The environmental 

condition and quality represent very important factor in the process of activities planning and 

projects referring to the environment. In the planning process all the mediums (air, water and soil) 

should be considered and the areas of the environment, and special attention should be paid on 

the resources and the areas with special purpose, natural values, biodiversity and the natural 

habitats, cultural heritage, their protection and promotion with appropriate treatment. 

As with the rest of the infrastructural objects, also the energetic-infrastructural objects can have 

certain impact over the environment. These impacts can range from minor to enormous, from 

short-term to long-term, and some impacts can not be completely estimated unless the 

construction of the transmission lines is completed. However, all the impacts can be decreased by 

implementing effective improvement measurements. 

The analyses of the way of construction, the activities which would be performed during the 

installation of the interconnectivity transmission line above-ground and the activities which would 

be performed for the object maintenance during the period of its usage, allow determination of the 

source of the negative impacts on the environment during the two stages. 

Possible impacts on the environment from the construction and reconstruction of the analyzed 

object 110 kV transmission line ‘TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1’ are expected in the 

stages of: 

• Construction/reconstruction 

• Exploitation and maintenance 

• Natural disasters, breakdowns and other forms of accidents. 

The constructive work of the projects for transmission lines construction usually includes 

organization of the terrain for preparation and approach to the roads, excavations, detonations 

(depending of the terrain) and complementation, transport of materials and fuel, base construction 

which includes excavation and cementation, steering with cranes for loading and installation of the 

equipment, etc. 

Activities which need to have determined their impact over the environment, and are in connection 

with the construction and finalization of the project: 

• Noise and vibrations (during the machines work) 

• Electromagnetic radiation; 

• Prevention and control of the potential erosion of the land; 

• Avoidance of waste creation and decreasing the impacts of the waste on the environment, 

life and the health of the people; 

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• Water resources- pollution of the surface flows which may have an impact on the pollution 

of the underground water; 

• Change of the habitat and impacts on the wild life; 

• Soil- during the work of the machines of possible spillover of the fuel and oils; 

• Air- from the work of the machines. 

Operating stage, i.e. the stage of exploitation, includes the work and regular maintenance of the 

transmission lines and the transformer stations. The operating stage and the maintenance usually 

include emissions in the air, noise and vibration. 

Completing of the work includes removing of the infrastructure of the project and remediation of the 

terrain. The questions about the impact of these activities on the environment include visual effects, 

i.e. change of the horizon and the sights, erosion of the soil, modification of the habitat and impact 

on animals and plants. 

4. 1. IMPACTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION 

Potential impacts which appear during the construction stage of the transmission line has been 

separately examined for the part of the route TS Skopje1 to TS Jugohrom, where the construction 

and reconstruction of the transmission line will be performed along the proposed alternative route 

and the part of the route from TS Jugohrom to TS Tetovo1, where the existing concrete pillars will 

be replaced with steel lattice pillars and there aren’t going to be any changes in the corridor of the 

route. 

In TS Jugohrom is planned to be built new 110 kV transmission line field by which the rigid 

electrical connection will be replaced by so called ‘T-shtik’. 

During the construction period, the building activities will be the main source of negative impact on 

the environment. In this stage the following activities are included: 

- Preparation activities, which include setting up of the location, removal of the vegetation 

and preparation of the ground; 

- Building activities in which are included the activities performed on the land (banks, 

excavations, compression of the soil and etc.) and they refer to all construction elements. 

The negative impacts which may occur during the construction and the reconstruction of the 

transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1, appear in the construction stage, they 

are short term and minor. 

Negative impacts which may occur are: 

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- Increased level of noise due to the increased frequency of the vehicles for transport of 

workers, building material and the building mechanization which is used for replacement of 

the pillars; 

- Decreasing of the air quality due to the increased amount of solid particles and dust during 

the removal of the concrete pillars; 

- Compression of the soil as a result of the movement of the vehicles and the building 

mechanization; 

- Pollution of the soil caused by leakages from the vehicles and mechanization, such as fuel 

and oil; 

The construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 will have long term positive impact on the socio-economic condition of the 

population, i.e. it will allow more efficient power supply for the settlements in the region and 

broader, by which the quality of life will be increased and will lead to faster economic growth. 

4.1.1. INFLUENCE OVER PEOPLE’S HEALTH 

A. Impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje1-TS Jugohrom 

Potential impacts during the construction of the transmission lines are possible on the usage and 

the exploitation of the land, on the people’s health and households, on the weekend places and 

places for recreation. 

On some parts of the corridor of the transmission line, there will be a need for conversion and 

transformation of the land from arable into building site. The need of expropriation of the privately 

owned land is obviously necessary, and this procedure will be done by the investor in agreement 

with the owners. 

The construction of the transmission line will result in increasing the traffic frequency near the 

building site, i.e. temporary presence of the building mechanization and the transporting vehicles 

for workers and building materials. 

The increased level of noise during the construction of the transmission line will be caused by the 

constant work of the building mechanization and the transport vehicles. The increased level of 

noise and vibration can be caused by the explosions on some parts of the route and can cause a 

feeling of disturbance to the inhabitants who live near the building site. Because the settlements 

are distant enough from the route of the transmission line, these impacts will have minor and shortterm 

impact over the people’s health. 

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Workers who are engaged in the performance of TS in Skopje and Jugohrom will be exposed to 

short electromagnetic radiation. Also when using electrical equipment in welding and other work 

during the editing of ovesnata equipment can reach emission of weak and short-term electromagnetic 

radiation. 

Lowering the quality of the air is caused mainly because of the increased emission of the fumes 

from the building mechanization and transport vehicles, and because of the creation of the higher 

amount of dust during the construction. 

The solid communal waste and food and packages residues left by the workers, as well as the 

liquid waste from the oil, unless they are disposed in uncontrolled manner and on places that do 

not have that kind of purpose, can cause creation of unplanned dumping grounds which have 

unpleasant smell and release harmful substances which can affect people’s health. 

B. The impacts of the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom- TS 

Tetovo1 

The impacts on the people’s health from the reconstruction of this part of the route of the 

transmission line are minor and short-term, considering the fact that there is an existing 110 kV 

transmission line TS Jugohrom –TS Tetovo 1 and only replacement of the concrete pillars with 

steel lattice pillars is required here. 

The increased level of noise during the reconstruction and change of the pillars will be caused by 

the constant presence of the building mechanization and the transport vehicles for workers. 

The lowered air quality will appear because of the increased emission of fumes and creation of 

higher amount of dust because of the construction work. 

In this stage the appearance of building waste from the removal of the concrete pillars is obvious, 

but that will be carried out in strictly determined conditions and on planned locations by the 

constructor and the investor. 

The overall impacts on the people’s health can be characterized as minor and short term, which will 

occur during the construction and the reconstruction of the transmission line. 

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4.1.2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES AND IMPACTS 

A. The impacts of the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom 

The only negative impact on the socio economic conditions can be the change of the usable value 

of the land along the route. One part of the route of the projected transmission line goes through 

privately owned land, which should be converted into state owned land, i.e. it will be treated 

according to the expropriation procedure. 

The positive socio-economic influences are numerous and they are the following: 

• Direct economic influences which result into temporary employment of the local inhabitants 

and improvement of the local economy; 

• Indirect economic influences which are connected with the increased economic growth and 

the increased usage of goods and services; 

• Influences over the demography, i.e. change into the size of the population, change of the 

population’s characteristics, etc; 

• Increasing the price of the land, solution to housing problems, etc; 

• Improvement of quality of life through improvement of the conditions in the private and 

public sector, education, health and social care and other improvements in the public 

sector. 

The impact of the transmission line over the socio-economic factors can be seen from aspect of 

their positive long term indirect effect. The arrangement of the labor for the construction on local 

level is from temporary character, but the arrangement of the labor for maintenance of the 

transmission line has permanent character. Also, we should take into account the fact that the 

economy in this region has mixed structure and that the land besides being farming land can be 

used as a building site for development of industrial, catering and other activities. 

Industrial effect is evident in the improved supply of a large number of entities in the area that 

gravitates towards the lines, and wider through improved quality of the electricity system as a 

whole. Therefore, construction of transmission lines of socio-economic aspects will have a positive 

effect in the zone of its impact, and wider, especially on the development of the economy and 

improve the quality of life. 

B. The impacts of the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1 

Socio- economic influences of the reconstruction of this part of the route of the transmission line 

are positive and long term and they are manifested through: 

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- Creation of temporary employments, i.e. arrangement of local workers during the 

reconstruction and the exploitation of the transmission line; 

- Improved power supply and better quality of life in the places near the route of the 

transmission line; 

- Improved economic development through opening new industrial capacities and 

improvement of the local and national economy. 

4.1.3. THE IMPACT ON THE AIR QUALITY 



The impacts on the quality of the air during the construction stage of the transmission lines are 

short term and minor. The impacts on the air quality, more precisely, emission in the atmosphere 

are mostly expected from the transport of the building and construction materials, the increased 

frequency of the vehicles, as well as the building activities- digging pits for underground installation 

of the foundations and construction of the transformer station, and the construction of the approach 

roads on those parts of the route where it is necessary. 

The impacts will be short term, only during the construction stage. The increased amount of dust 

which will appear in the construction stage may have negative impact on the environment, i.e. to 

cause irritation on the lungs and breathing problems. It is important to mention that near the 

building site there aren’t any populated places, but only agricultural areas and inapproachable 

terrains covered with woods. 

In the construction stage there will be increased traffic frequency because of the transporting 

vehicles, and increased emission of the fumes is expected, but this will have only short term effect 

and won’t have any considerable effects of the air quality in this area. 

The building mechanization and the equipment which will be used can produce emission of 

nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, suspended particles together with certain amount of sulfur dioxide 

which comes from the diesel fuel. 

If inappropriately transported and kept, there are possibilities of emissions of gas SF6 from the SF6 

switchers. 

It is also possible to appear emissions of harmful fumes and gases from possibly created dumping 

grounds and solid communal waste and industrial harmful waste. 

These impacts are considerable on decreasing the air quality, but they are short term, during the 

construction of the transmission line. At the same time they are minor for the people’s health 

because of the distance of the populated areas from the construction site. The decreased quality of 

86



the air can have negative impact on the workers’ health which will be working during the 

construction of the transmission line. 

B.The impacts of the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom – TS 

Tetovo 1 

The impacts on the air quality from the reconstruction of this part of the route of the transmission 

line are minor and short term, having in mind that there is an existing transmission line TS 

Jugohrom-TS Tetovo1 and only a replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice pillars is 

required. These impacts occur due to: 

- Increased frequency of the traffic of the transporting vehicles, and because of that 

increased emission of the fumes is expected; 

- Increased emissions of harmful substances from the possibly created unlicensed dumping 

grounds of solid communal waste and industrial harmful waste; 

- Increased amount of dust due to the construction work. 

4.1.4. CLIMATIC- METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES AND IMPACTS 

A.The impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom 

The climatic-meteorological changes and impacts occur as a result from the emission of fumes 

which can create greenhouse effect (carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen oxide). These fumes 

have an impact on the global warming, which causes changes of the intensity of the climate 

parameters. 

The emission of the fumes (gases) in the air as a result of the construction work and the occurence 

of dust during its performance, in the construction stage are the possible causes for climaticmeteorological 

characteristics. 

The removal of the vegetation in this stage is necessary and if it is carried out in uncontrolled 

manner it can cause change of the climatic-meteorological characteristics. 

These impacts are short term and they won’t have any considerable impacts on the environment. 

B.The impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom –TS 

Tetovo1 

The climatic-meteorological changes and the impacts from the reconstructions of this part of the 

route of the transmission line are minor and short term, having in mind that there is an existing 

87



transmission line TS Jugohrom-TS Tetovo1 and only a replacement of the concrete pillars with 

steel lattice pillars is required. These impacts appear occur due to: 

- The emissions of the fumes which create greenhouse effect 9carbon dioxide, methane, 

nitrogen oxide); 

4.1.5. THE IMPACT OF THE NOISE 

A. The impact of the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje-TS Jugohrom 

The construction of transmission lines can cause temporary, localized increase of the noise. The 

precise impact will depend on the method of construction and the equipment which will be used. 

The noise levels during a construction can range from 68 to 95 dB (A), measured at a distance of 

16 m from the location of the construction. 

The noise levels which will be emitted during the construction of the transmission line can overpass 

the levels characteristic for the location in subject and it will also depend on whether it comes about 

rural or urban location. This owns to the compared higher produced level of the noise, as well as 

the relatively longer period of construction. 

In the construction stage, the increased level of noise will occur during the transport of the 

construction materials, during the usage of heavy vehicles and building mechanization. That noise 

is momentous and local, on the place where the transmission line is build. 

During the excavation of the pits and the underground installation of the bases of the pillars there 

will also be noise, as well as during the positioning of the anchor pillars. 

Having in mind the short duration of the constructive stage and the distance of the inhabited places 

and the individual houses, it is considered that the influences of the noise in the construction stage 

will be minor and they won’t have any impact on the people’s health and the environment welfare. 

The noise emissions will be easily localized because the noise level will be decreased for at least 

6dB with double increasing the distance of the source. 

B. The impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom – TS 

Tetovo1 

The impacts from the increased level of noise from the reconstruction of this part of this part of the 

route of the transmission line are minor and short term, and considering the fact that there is 

existing 100 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 and only replacement of the 

concrete pillars with the steel lattice pillars is required. The increased level of noise occurs due to 

the following: 

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- Usage of heavy transport vehicles and building mechanization for transport of building 

materials and workers during the construction. 

Comparative level of noise from different sources 

Comparative levels of noise from different sources 

Choise/activity 

Indicative level of noise dB (A) 

Marginal values of the noise (noise which 140 

causes pain) 

Small plane on 250 meters 105 

Pneumatic drilling on 7 meters 95 

Transmission line building 68 – 95 

Trucks 65 

Noisy office work 60 

Cars 55 

Windy farms at 350 meters distance 35-45 

Quiet bedroom 35 

Rural environment during night 20-40 

4.1.6. VIBRATIONS IMPACT 

A. The impacts from the construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom 

The activities in the stage of construction can be source of vibrations. But because of the character 

of the activities during the mining of the rocks only on certain locations, they are considered to be 

minor and short-term. 

In the operating stage vibrations from the work of the installed equipment aren’t expected. 

B. The impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1 

Likelihood of vibration of this part of the route of transmission lines is very small. 

89



4.1.7 THE IMPACTS ON THE WATER QUALITY 

Because the route of 110 kV transmission lines TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, passes 

through basin areas of the rivers Vardar, Serava, Lepenec and Pena, the performance of the 

building engulfed in the operation of transmission lines, it is necessary to take all necessary 

technical precautions to avoid disruption of the natural regime of rivers slivovite to disruption of the 

balance of biodiversity in vodotecite and to take appropriate measures to prevent degradation of 

river banks. 

Because the route of 110 kV transmission lines, TS Skopje – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 passes 

through I and II protection zone of the source Rasche, the design of urban, technical design 

documentation and the implementation of 110 kV transmission lines to comply with and adhere 

preset mode Protection zones in the protective source Rasche. 

Route of 110 kV transmission lines, TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 passes through the 

second and third protective zone area wells Nerezi - Lepenec. Because of the importance and 

significance of those wells the city of Skopje and the Skopje region in the development of urban 

and technical design documentation and implementation of the object, is need to apply and respect 

the protection regime in the protective zones of wells Nerezi - Lepenec prescribed by the Decision 

on determining the boundaries of the protective zones well area Nerezi - Lepenec – (Off. Gazette 

no. 14/99). 

Route of transmission lines cut with irrigation channels Radiovce-Bistrica. It is necessary to take 

appropriate technical safeguards during the implementation of construction actions to prevent 

damage to irrigation systems. 

Through the Skopje region predicted to pass the corridor of the regional water management system 

(RVS). Construction of this system is laid down by the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia. 

The exact definition of the route of RVS is necessary to do additional research and technical 

project documentation, so in this period anticipated RVS does not prevent the construction of 110 

kV transmission lines, TS Skopje 1 – TS Tetovo 1. 



The activities which will be carried out in the construction stage of the transmission lines generally 

can cause changes to the physical and the chemical characteristics of the water. It is also possible 

to have some impacts over the quality of the surface and underground water. 

The impacts over the surface and the underground water are possible in the construction stage and 

in the exploitation stage, with lower intensity though. 

Because certain parts of the route of the transmission line go through the river Vardar and through 

the river Lepenec, some direct impacts are possible on the quality of the surface water. These 

impacts can be expected in the construction stage and occur as a result of the possible inflow of 

90



the construction material into the rivers, while cleaning the route and the excavation of the 

foundations for the pillars, uncontrolled leaking of fuel and oil from the vehicles and the 

mechanization and uncontrolled waste accumulation which can be decomposed and by that to 

have an impact on the chemical composition of the water. 

The surface water is in direct connection with the underground water and the surrounding land and 

can have an impact on the water ecosystem, i.e. the living world which in order to survive doesn’t 

need only water, but specific environmental conditions. 

Unless the construction work is carried out in accordance with the legal regulations and the 

provisions for the environmental protection, these impacts are minor and short term. 

B. The impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo1 

The impacts on the water quality caused by the reconstruction of this part of the route of the 

transmission line are minor and short term, having in mind that there is a 110 kV transmission line 

TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1 and only a replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel lattice 

pillars is required. 

An impact over the surface and the underground water can be caused unless there is a delay in the 

process of replacement of the transmission lines, and is carried out on places which aren’t intended 

for that purpose and are at an immediate distance of the water flows. 

4.1.8 IMPACTS ON THE SOIL AND THE GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 

A. The impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line 


The impacts on the soil and the geological characteristics occur in the construction stage of the 

transmission lines and are caused by the activities which are performed during the construction, i.e. 

the activities which prepare the location for building of the transmission line. 

Some of the impacts which can occur in this phase are: 

- Removal of the upper layer of the soil because of the geotechnical investigations on the 

terrain for determination of the carrying ability of the terrain, or when the route is prepared, 

by removal of the vegetation, stones and the roots of the plants; 

- In the process of construction of the pillars, large amount of land is excavated, as well as 

during the building of the approach roads and in that process a change in the quality and 

the profile of the soil occurs, the change and the influences are of permanent character 

and refer to the physical change in the relief and the usage of the soil; 

91



- Erosion of the soil occurs as a result from the increased movement of the soil during the 

construction due to the removal of the vegetation and flattening of the location for the 

route; 

- Compression of the soil due to the movement of the vehicles which cause decrease of the 

water infiltration in the soil and change of the regime of the underground water; 

- Pollution of the soil caused by leakages of fuels and oil from the transport vehicles and the 

mechanization or release of some polluting substances which have already been into the 

soil. 

These impacts are considerable, some parts of them are short term, but some of them are long 

term. After the completion of the activities in this stage, the ground around the pillars should be 

flattened and stabilized and if possible to be arranged and planted. 

B. The impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom-TS 

Tetovo1 

The impact on the soil and the geological characteristics caused by the reconstruction of this part 

of the route are minor and short term, having in mind that there is 110 kV transmission line TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 and only replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel lattice ones is 

needed. 

The potential impacts which can appear are: 

- Compression of the soil as a result of the movement of the vehicles and the building 

mechanization; 

- Temporary disposal of the building and industrial waste on locations which aren’t intended 

for that purpose. 

4.1.9. THE IMPACT ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA 

A. The impacts from the construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom 

The impacts on the flora, i.e. the vegetation are evaluated as considerable in the construction 

stage, because of the preparation of the terrain and the process of deforestation on certain points 

on the route of the corridor. These changes will cause: 

- Loss of wood mass; 

- Changes in the water regime; 

- Changes in the air circulation and its quality; 

92



- Potential instability of the soil, risk of floods and increased sedimentation of the material; 

The removal of the vegetation, the increased level of noise, air pollution, waste, and the human 

presence itself, will cause considerable modifications and impacts on the wild life during the 

construction stage of the transmission line. These impacts will be manifested through: 

- Disturbance and destruction of the wild life; 

- Endangering and loss of some species; 

- Loss of the biodiversity as a result of the construction of the approach roads. 

One of the most considerable impacts during the construction stage of the transmission line is the 

enormous creation of dust which covers the plants and can result in decreasing the production of 

the grain because greater amount of dust can decrease the process of photosynthesis. 


Tetovo 1 

The impacts on the flora and fauna caused by the reconstruction of this part of the route of the 

transmission line are minor and short term, having in mind that there is a 110 kV transmission line 

TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 and only a replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel lattice 

pillars is required. 

Potential impacts which can occur are the following: 

- Disturbance of the wildlife and obstacles on the roads due to temporarily increased level of 

noise and the construction work. 

4.1.10. THE IMPACTS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANDSCAPE 

A. The impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skoppje 1 – TS Jugohrom 

During the construction stage, one important aspect is considered which refers to the visual impact, 

i.e. the modification of the visual characteristics and is focused on the area where the buildings are 

built. 

Possible impacts on the landscape during the construction stage include change of the landscape 

and the usual sights, loss of old trees and vegetation and modification of the relief. These impacts 

are considered as long term, because it comes about permanent modification of the look of the 

area and because of that they are important. 

On the construction area there will be used building mechanization and transport vehicles. There 

are also going to be working camps. Also, there are going to be created temporary dumping 

grounds from the excavated material and the waste. These impacts will be short term and they 

won’t have any considerable importance. 

93



There is potential possibility of creating dumping grounds due to uncontrolled disposal of the solid 

communal waste and food and packages residue as well as the liquid waste from the motor oil. 


Tetovo1 

The impacts on the landscape characteristics due to the reconstruction of this part of the route of 

the transmission line are minor and short term, having in mind that there is a 110 kV transmission 

line TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1 and only a replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel lattice 

pillars is required. Only short term impacts are possible which are caused due to the following: 

- The presence of the building mechanization, transport vehicles and camps for the workers; 

- Occurrences of temporary dumping ground from the excavated material and construction 

waste on locations determined by the investor and the constructor. 

4.1.11. THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACTS 

A. The impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Jugohrom 

On the area there are mainly all types and processes of erosion, starting from deplession and 

denudation of land sliding, and they differ in their size, specifications and the variety of the structure 

and the influence of the external factors. 

The building of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom in the construction stage, 

due to removal of the trees and the other vegetation from the route can lead to the increase of the 

intensity of the erosive processes, so that the negative impact from the erosion can be felt during 

the exploitation of the transmission line. 

The erosive processes reflect and impact on the following parameters: 

- Degradation, destruction and impoverishment of the soil; 

- Pollution of the surface waters (mechanical pollution which is caused by natural and 

zootropogenus impacts and factors, and the chemical pollution because the heavy metals 

are easily linked and transported with the bank); 

- Coverage of fertile arable land; 

- Coverage of the traffic infrastructure; 

- Damage and destruction of settlements’ 

- Creation of new relief forms (negative and positive aspect). 

94



B. Impacts from reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

The probability of erosion from the reconstruction on this part of the route of the transmission line is 

very low, having in mind the fact that there is an existing 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom – 

TS Tetovo 1 and only replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel lattice ones is required. 

4.1.12. WASTE MANAGEMENT 

A. Impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 transmission line TS 

Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom 

The waste which will be created during the construction stage will be from the excavation of the soil 

and installation of the bases of the pillars, from the building process and residue from different 

substances, solid communal waste from the workers, food and packaging. 

The appearance of the industrial waste is also possible, for example extra cables and other 

materials which are necessary for the construction of the transmission line. 

Liquid and toxic waste from used motor oils, transformer station oils and other additional parts can 

occur during the service and maintenance of the vehicles and the other building equipment. 

These impacts occur in the construction stage on this part of the route and they are temporary and 

have a short term character. If the waste is managed in accordance with the waste management 

law the impacts can be considered as minor and without any importance. 


Tetovo 1 

The waste which will be created during the reconstruction of this part of the route of the 

transmission line is building waste which will be created with the replacement of the concrete 

pillars, and industrial waste like cable residues and similar materials. 

The collected waste has to be disposed on previously determined locations for temporary dumping 

grounds. These locations will be determined by the constructor. 

Potential types of waste generated are reviewed and recorded in accordance with the national list 

of wastes. 

95



Type of waste 

Group / subgroup 

of the List of waste 

Waste oils and liquid fuels 13 

Waste motor and transmission oils for lubrication 

13 02 

Waste motor oil and lubricating oils 

liquid fuels from waste 

13 07 

Nu from List 

of waste 

13 02 08 

fuel oil and diesel fuel 13 07 01* 

Gasoline 13 07 02* 

Other fuels (including mixtures) 

13 07 03* 

Waste packaging, towels to remove, filter materials and protective 15 

clothing 

Waste packaging (including packaging separately from municipal waste) 15 01 

Packaging paper and board 15 01 01 

Plastic packaging 15 01 02 

Packing of wood 15 01 03 

Packing of metal 15 01 04 

Mixed packaging 15 01 06 

Packaging glass 15 01 07 

Package containing hazardous substances or contaminated with 

15 01 10* 

hazardous substances 

Waste not otherwise specified 16 

Waste of used vehicles of different types of transport 

16 01 

Used tires from vehicles 16 01 03 

Used vehicles 16 01 04* 

Oil Filters 16 01 07* 

Explosive components 16 01 10 

Fluid for braking systems 16 01 13* 

Uncolred metals 16 01 17 

Painted metal 16 01 18 

Plastic 16 01 19 

Glass 16 01 20 

Components otherwise unspecified 16 01 22 

Other waste 

16 01 99 

96



Waste electrical and electronic equipment 

Discarded equipment containing or contaminated with PCBs 16 02 10* 

Hazardous components removed from discarded equipment 

Waste transport tanks, storage tanks and washing barrels 

16 02 

16 02 15* 

Wastes containing oil 16 07 08* 

Wastes containing other dangerous substances 16 07 09* 

Wastes unspecified otherwise 

Rubble from construction and demolition 17 

Waste concrete, bricks, tiles 

Waste concrete 

Waste of wood, glass and plastics 

16 07 

17 01 

16 07 99 

17 01 01 

Scrap wood 17 02 01 

Waste glass 17 02 02 

Waste plastics 17 02 03 

Scrap wood, glass and plastics containing or contaminated with hazardous 

substances 

Scrap metals (and their alloys) 

17 02 

17 02 04* 

Aluminium 17 04 02 

Zinc 17 04 04 

Iron and steel 17 04 05 

Mixed metals 17 04 07 

Metal waste contaminated with dangerous substances 17 04 09* 

Cables containing oil, coal tar and other dangerous substances 

Ground (and soil of contaminated sites), stones and dug ground 

17 04 

17 04 10* 

Soil and stones containing dangerous substances 17 05 03* 

Soil and stones that do not contain hazardous substances 17 05 04 

Dug ground containing dangerous substances 17 05 05* 

Dug ground that does not contain hazardous substances 

Insulating materials and building materials containing asbestos 

17 05 

17 05 06 

Insulating materials containing asbestos 17 06 01* 

Other insulation materials consisting or containing dangerous substances 17 06 03* 

Insulating materials (not containing asbestos and hazardous substances) 

17 06 

17 06 04 

97



Another waste from construction and demolition (waste) 

Waste and other mixed wastes containing dangerous substances 17 09 03 * 

Mixed materials from construction and demolition not containing 

dangerous substances 

Municipal waste (household waste and similar waste from 

commercial, industrial and administrative activities), including 

fractions of selected waste 

Separately collected fractions 

17 09 

20 

20 01 

17 09 04 

Paper and cardboard 20 01 01 

Glass 20 01 02 

Unsorted batteries and accumulators 20 01 33* 

Discarded electronic and electrical equipment containing hazardous 

20 01 35* 

substances 

Wood containing dangerous substances 20 01 37* 

Plastic 20 01 39 

Metals 

20 01 40 

Other municipal wastes 

20 03 

Mixed municipal waste 20 03 01 

Dimensions waste 20 03 07 

Other municipal wastes 

20 03 99 

98



4.1.13. THE IMPACT OVER THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE 

A. The impacts from the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 transmission line TS 


The cultural and the historic monuments should be carefully protected and promoted in order not to 

be destroyed their value in any aspect. 

The division of the cultural-historical sites can be differently classified, but mainly there are three 

types: archeological findings, historical monuments and buildings. 

Based on the explanation provided by the Republic biro for protection of the monuments of the 

nature and the conclusion from the investigation was that the reconstruction of the transmission 

line 110 kV ‘TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom’ with length of 34.5 km, won’t have any impact on the 

cultural historic monuments, especially because on the route there aren’t any sites with culturalhistorical 

importance. 

Near the route are complex Partizanski cemetery, Butel about 1 km. Archaeological site “Grobnica 

(cementary), Tower in butel are situated about 3-4 km distance and archaeological site of Brest, 

Orman is the 2 km of the route. 

Other archaeological sites are recorded in the archaeological map of Macedonia is located near the 

settlements Brazda, Orman and Volkovo so because they are almost 2 km away from the route, 

the negative impacts will not occur. 

In case a historical site is discovered during the performance of the construction work, the 

constructor is obliged to stop the working process and to inform the authorized institutions to take 

up some measures. The finding localities which have cultural and historical value are handled 

according to guidelines of the National Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of 

Macedonia. 

It is important to note that potential negative impacts of the lines eventually found objects are 

evident only in the phase of construction, while the phase of exploitation, this kind of projects have 

no the potential for negative impacts on cultural and historical sites. 


Tetovo 1 

Monuments of culture of this part of the route recorded more cultural and historical monuments in 

the city of Tetovo and abroad. Archaeological sites are recorded in settlements Jegunovce, 

Podbregje, Janchishte, Preljubishte, Shemshevo, Zhilche, Sarakjino and Tetovo. Cultural-historical 

and archaeological sites are located some distance from the site, ie the route. Due to that part of 

the route already exists 110 kV transmission lines TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 and one need only 

replace the concrete columns with steelgrid columns, impacts on cultural heritage are not evident. 

99



4.2. THE IMPACT IN THE EXPLOATATION STAGE 

During the period of exploitation, the transmission line and the regular activities which will be taken 

in the urgent situations (inspection, repairs, and service) could have negative impact on the 

environment. The temporary objects (camps) which will serve as an accommodation for the 

workers in the period of construction of the transmission line and maintenance of the equipment 

and the mechanization during the exploitations period, also represent potential source of pollution 

of the environment. 

The impacts on the environment will be reflected through the specific changes that will occur in all 

environmental mediums. The change of the condition in only one medium can cause change in all 

the others. 

The operation stage, i.e. the exploitation stage, includes work and regular maintenance of the 

transmission lines and the transformers station. The operation stage and the maintenance usually 

don’t include emissions in the air, noise and vibrations. 

Some of the negative impacts which can occur during the exploitation of the transmission line TS 

Jugohrom – Tetovo1 are long term if we take into account the change in the landscape and the 

geological characteristics, but the others are less important and do not have impact on the 

environment. 

The negative impact on the people’s health which can occur is the effect of the electro magnetic 

field, but because the populated areas are distanced from the transmission line, these impacts can 

be considered as minor. 

The construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje1-TS Jugohrom- 

TS Tetovo1 will have positive impact on the improving work conditions of the economic capacities 

in the region and wider, by providing more efficient power supply to the populated areas in the 

region, which will have special importance for those who lack appropriate quality power supply. 

4.2.1 THE IMPACT ON THE PEOPLE’S HEALTH 

The impact on human health in the exploration phase lines is considered for the entire corridor of 

110 kV transmission lines TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

The increased level of noise, appears only during the construction of transmission lines, while in 

the exploration phase is not expected noise. 

Influence of the electric and magnetic field 

100



About the impact of the electric and magnetic field, numerous researches have been carried out 

from relevant scientific institutions on world level, but until now a direct cause- consequence 

relationship of this impact hasn’t been determined yet. It is not associated with the cause of some 

illnesses at humans, plants or animals. 

The occurrence of this impact is linked with the asymmetry of the transmission lines and the size of 

the current which runs in them. It can be manifested by emptying the electrical field from 

ungrounded parts, creation of the magnetic field which can impact the work of some electronic 

devices and it can have an impact on the wild life in case of occurrence of very strong 

electromagnetic field. 

In the Republic of Macedonia a legislation which will establish the norms and the standards for the 

electromagnetic fields near the electro energetic objects hasn’t been drawn up and accepted. 

However, in order to avoid the negative impacts, international regulations which refer to this issue 

shall be followed and used. 

One of the most important are the norms defined by the World Health Organization-WHO, the 

Euwirean Committee for standardization of the electro techniques-CENELEC, The international 

union for radiation-assistance- IRRA and other regulations issued by national organizations which 

are in form of recommendations, directions and standards. 

The international union for radiation assistance- IRRA has issued a guide for allowed expositions of 

50/60 Hz electrical and magnetic field. 

Exposition Electrical field (kV/m) Magnetic field (µT) 

Professional 10 500 

To 2 hours per day 30 5000 

To 24 hours per day 5 100 

Few hours per day 10 1000 

According to the results presented by MAKO CIGRE for 110 kV transmission line, the maximum 

obtained value for an electrical field is 0.24 kV/m, and for the magnetic field it is 0.35 (µT). 

According to this it can be concluded that the received values for a transmission line with this 

capacities are far below the average and that the impact on the environment from the aspect of the 

electromagnetic field is minor. 

Corona effect 

The effect which occurs as a result of the ionization of the air in very strong electromagnetic field 

around the conductors referred to as corona effect. The occurrence of this kind of effect depends 

on many factors such as the type and the diameter of the conductor, the distance between the 

conductors in the cluster, types of isolators and equipment, the weather conditions and etc. 

101



The corona effect is actually an electricity loss and can be source of noise which occurs when the 

air streams through in the area of the phase conductors and radio and TV interferences. However, 

the level of the increased noise of this effect very rarely surpasses the limit of about 40 dB and it 

doesn’t have important impact on the environment from this aspect. 

Electro magnetic interference- electro magnetic interferences 

These projects can have negative impact, i.e. to cause electro magnetic interferences, such as: 

radio and television signals, base station of the mobile industry and the radars. These impacts can 

be prevented by relevant legal regulations. 

4.2.2. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES AND IMPACTS 

The socio economic impacts in the exploitation stage of the transmission line are positive and they 

have been examined throughout the corridor of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Jugohrom -TS Tetovo 1. The positive socio economic impacts can be seen in the following cases: 

- The arrangement of the workers for transmission line maintenance into function has longer 

duration; 

- Development of the economy in this region, better power supply will cause increased 

number of entities gravitating in the area of the transmission line; 

- Increase of the usefulness of the land, so instead of using it only as a farmland it can be 

used as a construction site for better development of industrial, catering and other type of 

activities; 

- More efficient power supply of the settlements in the region and broader, which is 

especially important for those who don’t have suitable, i.e. quality power supply. 

4.2.3. THE IMPACT ON THE AIR QUALITY 

In the operating stage, i.e. the exploitation stage of the transmission line, any considerable 

negative impacts aren’t expected. They are identical and because of that they are examined for the 

entire corridor of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1. 

The only negative impacts which can occur are the emissions of fumes, due to the usage of the 

transport vehicles of the maintaining services for the transmission lines. 

However these impacts are minor and short term. 

102



4.2.4. CLIMATIC-METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES AND IMPACTS 

In the operating stage, i.e. the exploitation stage of the transmission line, the climatic and the 

meteorological changes and impacts occur due to the emission of the fumes from the transport 

vehicles. The change of the climatic characteristics can occur due to the deforestation, by which 

the possibility of floods will be increased. These impacts will be obvious during the construction of 

the transmission line, while in the operating stage they won’t have any considerable impacts. They 

are identical and because of that they are considered and defined for the entire corridor of the 110 

kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

4.2.5. THE IMPACTS FROM THE NOISE 

In the operating stage, i.e. the exploitation stage of the transmission line, the noise occurs with low 

intensity, therefore its impact won’t be considered and defined as harmful. These impacts are 

identical and because of that they are considered for the entire length of the corridor of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Skpje1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

The only noise source can be the increased frequency of the traffic and the corona conductor, 

which is caused due to the air ionization in very strong energetic field around the leader. The 

occurrence of this type of effect depend on many factors among which being the type and the 

diameter of the leader, the distance among the conductors in the cluster, the type of the isolators 

and equipment, the weather conditions and etc. 

Because of the distance of the populated places, the impact from the noise on the population and 

the environment will be minor. 

4.2.6. THE IMPACT FROM THE VIBRATIONS 

In the operating stage vibrations from the transmission line aren’t expected. 

4.2.7. THE IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY 

The impacts on the surface and underground water are possible in the construction stage and in 

the exploitation stage but with lower intensity. These impacts are identical and because of that are 

considered for the entire corridor of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1. 

In the operational phase are not used substances that could endanger the water quality in water 

sources and operation of transmission lines and trafostation are controlled remotely. Presence of 

people are expected only during a routine inspection and maintenance or repairs of defects. These 

103



people are from the Office for maintaining the electricity network and do not represent a danger to 

the creation of waste or its maturity in surface watercourses. 

4.2.8. THE IMPACT OF THE SOIL AND THE GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 

The impact on the soil and the geological characteristics can occur in the construction stage and in 

the exploitation stage but with lower intensity. These impacts are identical and are consider for the 

entire corridor of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom -TS Tetovo 1. 

The usage of the transport vehicles for routine controls, break downs repairs and the maintenance 

of the transmission line and the transformer station can have minor negative impact which can be 

caused by the compression of the upper layer of the soil. 

In case of accidental oil leak on the soil from the maintenance equipment, the procedure for waste 

management imposed by the law has to be enacted. 

4.2.9. THE IMPACT ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA 

The impacts on the flora and fauna can occur in the construction and exploitation stage of the 

transmission lines. These impacts are identical and because of that they are considered for the 

entire corridor of the 110 KV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom -TS Tetovo 1. 

In Macedonia, the impacts of the electromagnetic radiations on the plants have been explored and 

they point out to dehydration of the plants which are at immediate distance of the transmission 

lines, inhibition of the normal growth and development, but nothing has been proved so far, so 

nothing can be definitely concluded. 

The investigations for the impacts of the electromagnetic radiation on the animal species point out 

to the enormous impact on the diseases, sterility and the lethality. These investigations point out to 

very strange phenomena, the cattle never stops or sleeps on the places where they can feel 

stronger electromagnetic field and they always choose save location. However these investigations 

haven’t been officially confirmed. 

In the operating stage the transmission line has an impact on the change of the migration paths of 

the animals, it also has an impact on the reproduction process, it can change and narrow the 

hunting and the feeding area, etc. One of the greatest negative impacts in the exploitation stage of 

the transmission lines is the fact that they are direct cause for birds and bats endangerment due to 

the high constructions of the transmission lines which potentially cause death and damage to the 

birds. 

104



In the following table are provided the causes of fatality at birds and bats 7 

Cause of death at birds 

Number of 10000 fatalities 

Buildings/windows 5500 

Cats 1000 

Other 1000 

Transmission lines 800 

Vehicles 700 

Pesticides 700 

Base stations 250 

Windmills



4.2.11. THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACT 

A. The impacts from the construction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Jugohrom 

The construction itself of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom can cause an 

increase in the intensity of the erosive processes because of the removal of the vegetation, which 

will be felt in the operating stage of the transmission line. 

The erosive processes will reflect and have impacts on the following parameters: 

- Degradation, destruction and deforestation of the soil (land); 

- Pollution of the surface water (mechanical pollution caused by natural impacts and 

chemical pollution because the heavy metals easily connect and are easily transported 

with the bank; 

- Coverage with fertile agricultural land; 

- Coverage of the traffic network; 

- Endangering and causing damages to settlements and etc 

- Creation of new relief forms (negative and positive role). 


Tetovo 1 

The probability of erosion from the reconstruction on this part of the route of the transmission line is 

very low, having in mind the fact that there is an existing 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom – 

TS Tetovo 1 and only replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel lattice ones is required. 

4.1.12. WASTE MANAGEMENT 

The impacts from the created waste and its management can occur in the exploitation stage of the 

transmission lines. These impacts are identical and because of that they are considered for the 

entire corridor of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom –TS Tetovo 1. 

During the exploitation of the transmission line, the waste will be gathered due to the activities for 

control, maintenance and repairs of the break downs, in dependence of the weekly and annual 

plans of the service. Human presence is expected only during the routine control and during the 

service and maintenance of the transmission line. These people will be employed in the 

Maintenance service of the electrical grid and not considered as potential danger for waste creation 

and its dislocation to the water flows. 

The usual types of waste that can occur are the packages, reserve materials and equipment. 

The quantity of the waste and its impact is short term, periodical and minor. 

106



4.2.13. THE IMPACT ON THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE 

Based on the explanation by the Republican institution for protection of the cultural monuments it is 

said that the construction and the reconstruction of the transmission line 110 kV ‘TS Skopje 1- TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1’ won’t have an impact on the cultural and historical monuments because 

along the route there aren’t detected any sites with cultural and historical meaning. 

If during the construction a historical or cultural site is discovered, the constructor is obliged to stop 

the constructing process and to inform the authorized institutions in order to be taken appropriate 

measures. When historical or cultural sites are discovered, the directions issued by the Republic 

Institution for protection of cultural monuments are to be followed. 

In the exploitation stage, the transmission lines don’t have potential negatively to impact on the 

cultural-historic sites. 

4.2.14. USE VALUE OF THE LAND 

A. The impacts from the construction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Jugohrom 

With the construction of the transmission line, the use value of the land will be increased and 

except for farmland, it will be converted in free industrial economic zone. 


Tetovo 1 

Because from Jugohrom to Tetovo there is an existing transmission line and only a replacement of 

the concrete pillars with steel lattice ones will be carried out, the power supply will be improved and 

there will be an opportunity for conversion of the land and its use value. 

4.2.15. WAR DESTRUCTION, NATURAL AND TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS 

War destruction, natural and technical and technological disasters can occur during the 

construction stage and during the exploitation of the transmission lines. These impacts are 

unpredictable and can not be predicted with certainty so they are considered for the entire corridor 

of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

- According to the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia and according to the Defense 

law (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia number 42/01), the Law on 

protection and safety (the Official Gazette of the RM No. 36/04) and the Law on managing 

crises (the Official Gazette of the RM No. 29/05), the route of the transmission line which is 

a subject of analysis is in the area under high level of risk from war actions; 

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- Seismic occurrences- earthquakes are dominant natural disasters in the Republic of 

Macedonia, which can have catastrophic impacts on the people and the nature. The route 

of the transmission line goes through a zone of 8º-9º degrees of expected earthquakes; 

- Among the other meteorological occurrences which belong to the group of natural 

disasters the most present are hailstorms, gale-force winds and fog; 

- There is also possibility of fires caused by human factor in the open area or woods or 

agricultural land. 

- There is also possibility of breakdowns, technological disasters on the gas pumps and the 

industrial capacities from the food, textile industry as well as from the electro metallurgy 

and all the other plants which use oil and oil derivates; 

- Breakdowns or other incidents can also occur on the locations for exploitation of minerals 

and other raw materials, especially the exploitation of building stones, gravel, sand and 

other non-metals; 

- Uncontrolled deposition of dangerous waste, especially the infective waste which comes 

from the diseased cattle; 

- The transport of harmful and dangerous substances for the industry needs and other 

economic capacities. 

4. 3. THE FINISHING STAGE OF THE WORK OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE 

Even though this stage is not expected, it is necessary to be made an analysis and to foresee the 

necessary measures which have to be taken for remediation and cultivation of the terrain in case 

the transmission line stops with its function. 

This stage includes removal of the lattice steel pillars and the other supporting objects and 

transformation of the terrain into the previous condition. 

The basic aspects which result and which have to be regulated after the termination of the work are 


• Management of the materials with may be spilled after the termination of the work of the 

transmission line, according to the Law on waste management, which can be potential 

polluters of the surface and the underground water; 

• Physical existence of other transmission lines for power supply- removal of the objects and 

the foundation of the constructions in a way which isn’t going to cause negative impacts; 

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• The activities from the vehicles which operate on the field; 

• The activities associated with the termination of the work- short term fragmentation of the 

habitat; 

• Drawing up a restoration plan and further usage of the location. 

When the termination of the work of the transmission line is proposed as a measurement for 

prevention of the pollution, the Projects on the Environmental Impacts Assessment Study, 

recommends the following: 

• Financial, technical, administrative provisions/conditions which will guarantee 

implementation of the measures; 

• Efficient reserve measures to decrease the pollution in case the proposed ones can not be 

implemented; 

• Monitoring and action conditions and strategies for renewal from the possible impacts; 

• Conditions for the location maintenance and management with it after the closing down. 

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5. DECRIPTION OF THE DIMINISHING MEASURES OF THE HARMFUL IMPACTS ON THE 

ENVIRONMENT 

For the environment protection, the urban projects always have to be harmonized in accordance 

with the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia. Based on the regime for protection defined with 

the Spatial plan, the schedule for activities and construction of objects has to meet the criteria 

established with the sustainable growth and the contemporary treatment of protection. 

Certain measurements and the activities shall be undertaken in order to rationally use the space 

and to protect the environment, and at the same time to take into account the specific needs of the 

spatial growth, are: 

- Enforcement of the existing laws and regulations for protection of the space, resources and 

the national welfare and spatial organization and arrangement to achieve global 

development, especially in terms of business with the agricultural land, forests and waters, 

as well as protection of the natural and created wealth; 

- Establishment of the directions and the criteria of space organization other than the 

building sites by expert suggestions from the departments of agriculture, water economy, 

forestry and environment protection. It is necessary to be paid greater attention on the 

planning of infrastructure corridors and objects with giving priority to the existing routes and 

areas with lower value. 

As with the rest of the infrastructural projects, the transmission lines too can cause different 

impacts on the environment, which can range from minor to considerable, from long term to short 

term. In order to be provided environmental protection by meeting the established standards, 

diminishing or completely removing the waste substances and emissions on the place of their 

occurrence and taking up preliminary preventive measures in the drawing up of the Urban 

construction project for construction-reconstruction of the 10 kV transmission line from TS Skopje 1 

to TS Tetovo 1, the following should be taken into account: 

- According to Article 7 from the Law on waste management (the Official Gazette of the 

Republic of Macedonia, No. 68/04), waste producers are obliged to prevent or diminish 

their impact on the environment, life and the health of the people; 

- Protection, promotion and adequate usage of the land, landscapes and the surrounding in 

the area. 

Effective measures for improvement or diminishing are those measures which are intended to 

decrease the familiar or the predicted impacts from specific actions. The diminishing measures can 

be effective only if they are carried out and if they are monitored to achieve the result in the desired 

effect. In many cases the diminishing measures can not prevent the impacts. However, these 

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measures are vital for the construction and the usage of the transmission lines with minimum 

impact on the environment. 

The measures for prevention and diminishing of the harmful impacts of the transmission line on the 

environment can be divided in two stages: 

- Measures in the stage of building and construction of the transmission line 

- Measures in the stage of exploitation of the transmission line 

5.1. DIMINISHING MEASURES AND COMPENSATION MEASURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION 

STAGE 

As it was previously implied in the last chapter on analysis of the impacts from the realization of the 

project- construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, the activities during the construction cause more considerable negative 

effects than the exploitation of the transmission line. The activities for cleaning and preparation of 

the route, the land and construction work, the usage of the mechanization, the temporary objects 

for accommodation of the workers, depositing of the solid communal waste, the building waste and 

the excavated ground, creating conditions for erosion cause minor or larger negative changes in 

the environment. 

5.1.1. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE PEOPLE’S HEALTH 

A. Measures for diminishing the impacts from the construction of the 110 kV transmission 

line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom 

Because the populated areas are considerably distanced from the construction site the impacts in 

the construction stage of the transmission line are minimal. 

The measurements recommended to diminish the impacts on the people’s health are: 

- Consistently appliance of the measures for diminishing the impacts from the noise and the 

vibrations, usage of functional and less noisy mechanization and keeping to the time 

limitation of performing noisy activities. Possible impactS of noise and vibration may occur 

in municipalities and Butel Suto Orizari, which are about 0.3 to 0.4 km near the 

transmission line. Measures to reduce the possible impact of noise and vibration is a time 

limitation of working time (working hours will be from 08 to 17 hours). Mechanization and 

equipment used on construction sites and place of construction must have certification that 

was made technical inspection and that all the following requirements are particularly 

successful demands on the allowed level of noise; 

- Application of the measures for diminishing the impact on the air quality, such as 

diminishing the emission of the fumes by using group transport for the workers and using 

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eco fuels. Lowering the amount of dust by usage of water curtains and occasional watering 

of the land; 

- Careful waste management, especially with the harmful waste and by doing so the creation 

of unlicensed dumping ground will also be lowered, which can have negative impact on the 

people’s health; 

The constructor is obliged to administer and to implement consistently all the protection measures 

during the work. The workers who will be arranged for the construction of the transmission line 

have to be well-equipped and protected in order to prevented their exposal to the negative impacts. 

B. Measures for diminishing the level of the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1 

Because the populated areas are considerably distanced from the reconstruction site the impacts 

in the construction stage of the transmission line are minimal. 

The measurements recommended for decrease the impacts on the people’s health are: 

- Proper application of the measures for diminishing the impacts from the noise and the 

vibrations, usage of functional and less noisy mechanization and keeping to the time 

limitation of performing noisy activities; 

- During the explosions, whenever there is even the slightest possibility of people being in 

that area they should be warned by sound and smoke signals, before the starting and 

ending of the operation; 

- Application of the measures for diminishing the impact on the air quality, as diminishing the 

emission of the fumes by using group transport for the workers and using eco fuels. 

Lowering the amount of dust by usage of water curtains and occasional watering the land; 

- Careful waste management, especially with the harmful waste and by doing so the 

possibility of creation of unlicensed dumping ground will also be lowered, which can have 

negative impact on the people’s health; 

The constructor is obliged to administer and to implement consistently all the protection measures 

during the work. The workers who will be arranged for the construction of the transmission line 

have to be well-equipped and protected in order to be prevented their exposal to the negative 

impacts. 

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5.1.2. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE SOCIAL AND THE ECONOMIC CHANGES AND 

IMPACTS 

A. Measures for diminishing the impacts from the construction of the 110 kV TS Skopje 1- 

TS Jugohrom 

The only negative influence on the socio economic conditions can be the modification of the use 

value of the land along the route. One part of the route of the planned transmission line goes 

through privately owned land which should be expropriated according to the procedure of 

expropriation. Its influence would be lowered by compensation of the land which is privately owned 

in financial or land compensation. 

Investor should develop a plan for expropriation, which would define the owners parcelite tour of 

the route of transmission lines and will provide activities for efficient and transparent land 

expropriation as well as monitoring the implementation of the procedure. 

Whenever the need of labor arises, local workers should be arranged in order to be reached the 

positive impact of the project, i.e. to improve the socio-economic conditions in the analyzed area. 

B. Measurements for diminishing the impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1 

In the process of reconstruction of this part of the route it is obvious the positive effect which will be 

created by providing new jobs, which in certain point will contribute for the improvement of the local 

economy and the living standard. 

5.1.3. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE AIR QUALITY 

A. Measurements for the diminishing the impacts from the transmission line of the 100 kv 

transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom 

Even though the route of the transmission line doesn’t go through populated places, certain 

measures for the diminishing the impacts on the air should be defined, so that the impacts caused 

in the construction stage are minimized. Those measures should be consistently administered. 

- The workers who will be arranged during the construction stage of the transmission line, 

i.e. those who will be exposed to emissions have to wear special protective masks from 

dust and fumes which come from the vehicles and the building mechanization; 

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- The creation of dust can be minimized by spraying the ground with water or by using water 

curtains, than with effective management of the transport and by limitation of the 

excavations during dry periods; 

- The transport vehicles and the building mechanization which will be used during the 

construction of the transmission lines have to be in excellent condition, to use eco fuels 

and to hold a certificate on the amount of the emissions of the fumes which mustn’t exceed 

the permitted values; 

- Restrict the operation of construction machines and frequency of unnecessary transport 

vehicles, especially near populated areas; 

- Reduction of traffic speed limits and the means of transport, particularly in parts of the 

route that are near the settlements (Cair, Suto Orizari Volkovo, Radusa); 

- Using group transport for the workers; 

- The solid communal waste and the food and packaging residues, as well as the liquid 

waste from the motor oils have to be disposed in a way appointed by the law on waste 

management in order to be prevented creation of unlicensed dumping ground which will be 

source for unpleasant smell and harmful substances and fumes which can have dangerous 

effects on the people’s health. 

The constructor is supposed to make an agreement with the communal company/ licensed 

company which is in charge of waste management of any type and classification. 

B.Measurements for diminishing the impacts of the reconstruction of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

The measurements for diminishing the impacts on the air quality for the influences in the 

construction stage have to be consistently applied: 

- The workers who will be arranged during the construction stage of the transmission line, 

i.e. those who will be exposed to the emissions have to wear special protective masks from 

dust and fumes which come from the vehicles and the building mechanization; 

- The creation of dust can be minimized by spraying the ground with water or by usage of 

water curtains, than with effective management of the transport and by limitation of the 

excavations during dry periods; 

- Use of group transport for workers; 

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- The transport vehicles and the building mechanization which will be used during the 

construction of the transmission lines have to be in an excellent condition, to use eco fuels 

and to hold a certificate for the amount of the emissions of the fumes which mustn’t be 

over the permitted values; 

- If it is possible to apply the conservation and maintenance of vegetation on the site; 

- The solid communal waste and the food and packaging residues, as well as the liquid 

waste from the motor oils have to be disposed in the way defined by the law on waste 

management in order to prevent creation of unlicensed dumping ground which will be 

source for unpleasant smell and harmful substances and fumes which can have dangerous 

effects on the people’s health. 

The constructor should make an agreement with a communal company/ licensed company for 

waste management of any kind and classification. 

5.1.4. MEASUREMENTS FOR DIMINISHING THE CLIMATIC-METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES 

AND IMPACTS 

A. Measurements for diminishing of the impacts from the construction of the 110 kV TS 


Although the impacts from the transmission line on the climatic-meteorological conditions are minor 

and they occur only during the construction stage, a special attention has to be paid to the 

measurements which should be taken during the negative impacts. 

Because these changes mostly result from the emission of fumes which cause greenhouse effect 

(carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide), there should be applied measures for diminishing those 

changes. These measures include: 

- Using of eco fuels for the transporting vehicles and the building mechanizations by which 

the emission of the fumes will be decreased; 

- Reducing the amount of the created dust with occasional water spraying, usage of water 

curtains and avoiding the dry periods for excavation; 

- Planting vegetation on the places where it was destroyed, if possible, or foresting of the 

other areas in accordance with the compensation measures, i.e. the amount of the 

removed vegetation should be appropriately compensated. 

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B. Measures for diminishing the impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission 

line TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1 

The measures for diminishing the climatic-meteorological changes and impacts are directed toward 

reduction of the negative effects on the air quality and the following is recommended: 

- Usage of eco fuels for the transporting vehicles and the building mechanization by which 

the emission of the harmful fuels will be decreased; 

5.1.5. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE NOISE 

A. Measures for diminishing of the impacts from the construction of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom 

The construction work and the usage of the transporting vehicles and mechanization cause 

increased level of noise, which will occur only during the construction of the transmission line. Even 

though the transmission line doesn’t go through sensitive locations (settlements), however some 

measurements should be taken for diminishing the noise level, which should be consistently 

implemented. 

- The Mechanization and the transport vehicles should be in good working condition and to 

be equipped with silencers and certificates that have been made technical inspection and 

that all the following requirements are successful special requirements on the allowed level 

of noise; 

- The workers should wear protective equipment to prevent hearing loss; 

- On the places where possible, sound barriers have to be used, i.e. as natural sound 

barriers can serve the purpose such as the relief characteristics, trailers, the excavated 

material and so on; 

- There should be made a working schedule which includes limitations of the building 

activities during the day, when people are less sensitive to the noise, i.e. avoidance of the 

noisy activities from 7p.m until 7 a.m. Combination of the traffic jam with the periods of the 

greatest noise can also be very efficient measure. 

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B. Measures for diminishing the impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 transmission 

line TS Jugohrom-TS Tetovo 1 

The measures for diminishing the impacts from the reconstruction on this part of the route include: 

- Mechanization and transport vehicles should be in good working condition and be 

equipped with silencers and certificates that have been made technical inspection and that 

all the following requirements are successful special requirements on the allowed level of 

noise; 

- The workers should wear protective equipment to reduce the risk of hearing loss; 

- A working schedule has to be made which will include the limitations of the building 

activities during the day, when people are less sensitive to noise, i.e. avoidance of the 

noisy activities from 7p.m until 7 a.m. Combination of the traffic jam with the periods of the 

greatest noise can also be very efficient measure. 

5.1.6. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE VIBRATIONS 


line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom 

The vibrations can occur only in the construction stage of the transmission line, i.e. during the 

mining of certain locations. The mining of some locations is very limited, the populated area is quite 

distanced from the building sites, so the impacts will be short term and minor. 

The workers should wear protective equipment to prevent the possibility of hearing loss. 

The measures for diminishing the negative impacts of the vibrations such as the limitation of the 

mining activities during the day should be respected, as well as the principle of warning signals 

before the beginning and the ending of the of the mining if there is the slightest possibility of 

presence of the local population. 

B. Measurements for diminishing the impacts of the reconstruction of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Jugohrom –TS Tetovo1 

During the reconstruction of the route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom –TS Tetovo 1, 

no vibrations are expected, and because of that no measures for diminishing of the negative 

impacts are planned. 

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5.1.7. DIMINISHING MEASURES OF THE IMPACTS ON THE WATER QUALITY 

A. Measures for diminishing of the impacts of the construction of the 110 kV transmission 

line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom 

The measures for prevention, diminishing and decreasing the impacts on the water quality have to 

be directed mainly towards avoiding locations which are near sensitive water objects which have 

characteristics of recipients. 

Because the route of the transmission line goes through I and II protected zone of the spring 

Rasce, in the Spatial plan of Rasce special regimes for protection of each zone are established, 

harmonized with the hydro geological, hydrological and urban environment conditions, which refer 

to: 

- Measures for protections of the physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the 

water; 

- Measures for protection of the natural values of the land, water, vegetation and the air; 

- Measures for protection of the water quantity and their natural regime of flow. 

The bases for defining the measures of protection, i.e. for defining ways of treatment of the area of 

the protected zones of the spring are: 

- hydro geological regionalization of the terrain based on the endangered underground 

water; 

- organization, purpose and the usability of the area; 

- development plans of certain domains- settlements, infrastructure, primary and secondary 

economy development. 

In all the protected zones of the confluent area of the spring Rasce it is forbidden to build hydro 

technical objects and plants which will take up the water from the confluent area, except for the 

water supply for the settlements on that area. 

According the Decision on the establishment of the boundaries of the protected zones of the spring 

Rasce and determination of the protection measures (the Official Gazette of the Republic of 

Macedonia, No 36/90) 

On the entire area of the First protected zone, first level of protection is established. The protection 

measures are imposed through prohibitions, limitations and technical interventions and are unified 

for each zone separately. Having in mind that on the place of the First wider protected zone there 

are populated places and other functions in connection with their survival and development, and 

that by the protection measures it is forbidden to build any objects for agricultural and industrial 

production, the consistent enforcement of the measures would mean complete cease of the 

development of these settlements or their dislocation. In the first protected zone the construction of 

objects from the chemical industry is strictly forbidden, also objects from the metallurgy, machine 

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building and metals manufacturing, production of the equipment for the electrical industry (electro 

lambs, ventilators) and production of hard moulds, objects for exploitation and raw materials. 

In the First wider protected zone (a zone for sanitary limitation) the following is forbidden: 

- Building and construction of objects and work performance, exploitation of sand, gravel 

and stone from the riverbeds and the river banks and usage of the land in a way and 

extent in which the natural values of the land are endangered, as well as the quality, the 

amount and the regime of the surface and the underground water; 

- Construction of cattle and poultry farms; 

- Uncontrolled transport, storage and usage of liquids which have harmful pwirerties and can 

have an impact on the underground water flows (oil and its derivates, toxic substances and 

other); 

- Release and storage of oils, toxic and radioactive substances; 

- Camping or other kind of social gathering; 

- Deposition of waste substances and garbage. 

In this wider zone it is allowed to be performed reforestation. 

Land cultivation on the already plowed land and the usage of fertilizers, as well as the usage of 

certain chemical substances can be carried out only by a special permission by the authorized 

body from the institution which is responsible for the work in the area of agriculture, forestry and 

water supply. 

In the existing populated areas in this zone only extensive cattle breeding and other functions, as 

building of objects can be performed in accordance with the urban plans drawn up according to the 

criteria which this zone implies. 

On the area of the Second protected area for protected regime conveyance, three levels of 

protections are determined- second, third and fourth level of protection in accordance with the three 

subclasses divided by the hydro geological regionalization of the terrain (unprotected, partially 

protected and protected and protected compressed). 

In the second wider protected zone (zone of hygienic-epidemiologic limitation and tracking) the 

following is forbidden: 

- Exploitation of sand, gravel and sand from the riverbeds and the river banks and natural 

river flows and the usage of the land in a way and range by which the natural values of the 

land are endangered, as well as the quality and the regime of the surface and underground 

water; 

- Release of unfiltered waste water in the river flows and the underground water; 

- Deposition of waste substances and garbage on places other than organized, secured and 

controlled dumping grounds; 

- Release of oil, toxic and radioactive substances; 

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In the area of this protected zone forestation is allowed. Also it is allowed to use the land for 

agricultural production with usage of fertilizers and chemical protective substances which do not 

contain non-soluble toxic and harmful substances. 

The release of the waste water in the open river flows is allowed after their filtration according to 

the criteria for the water flows of the releasing profile. 

The protection regime in the protected zones is defined by the Spatial plan of the region of the 

protected zones of the spring Rasce (the Official gazette of the Republic of Macedonia), By this 

plan it is stipulated that the protected zones and the regimes should be integrated into the planning 

documentation for the populated areas and the economic complexes, i.e. in the planning 

documentation for all construction projects. For realization of the priority task for protection of the 

water quality from the spring Rasce, the following basic goals and tasks of the Plan are defined: 

- Separation of the weak areas in the First and the Second wider protected zone, 

appropriate examination and harmonization of the existing regimes of protection with the 

changes in the area and the scientific findings from recent time; 

Optimal zoning of the functions of the First and the Second protected zone with respect 

towards the private pwirerty and defining special conditions for development of the 

populated areas, the traffic, water supply and energetic infrastructure, the economy, the 

usage of the agricultural land and forests, exploitation of the mineral raw materials and 

environment protection; 

- Defining directions for extension of the monitoring of the surface and the underground 

water and defining the priorities for realization of filtering stations for waste water in the 

third protected zone; 

Defining directions for the usage of the underground and surface water in the First and the 

Second wider zone of the spring, putting an emphasis on the sustainability; 

- Harmonization of the local development politics and the directives for successful 

implementation of the plan and satisfying the needs of the population. 

During the construction stage of the transmission line, the constructor shall apply the measures in 

accordance with the Spatial plan of the region and the protective zones of the spring Rasce. For 

that purpose, the following measures for diminishing the negative impacts are proposed: 

- Careful and controlled removal of the natural vegetation, soil and geological barrier in order 

to prevent infiltration of the pollution substances in the underground; 

- After completion of the investigating work the pits should be covered by using concrete or 

other material to avid pollution of the underground water; 

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- Keeping the minimal level of mining activities and change of the structure of the 

underground caverns (especially in the sensitive Zeden chalkstone massif), as well as 

opening of new systems of ruptures in order to prevent the direct impact on the water 

regime in the area and the quality of the underground water; 

- Hindering and reducing the erosive processes in order to disable the increase of the 

surface leaking and transporting of the banks in the water flows which can contain large 

amount of minerals and organic substances. The decrease of the erosive processes will be 

achieved by planting suitable indigenous trees and other forms of vegetation; 

- The controlled disposal of the excavated land, building waste and other garbage in the 

sensitive areas of the First and the Second protected zone. The type of this waste allows 

to be deposited temporary on this space, on locations which are predisposed and 

organized for that purpose. If possible, the excavated ground should be used for covering 

the foundations of the pillars. The rest of the inter waste, after the construction work is 

finished, should be given to the communal companies which operate on this area, based 

on previously made agreement; 

- Appropriate treatment of the waste water from the camps for temporary accommodation of 

the workers. If the location allows then connection to the nearest sewage system should be 

done to the nearest town or mobile toilets should be installed; 

- The prevention of the negative impacts on the water quality will be carried out, during the 

construction stage, by suitable drainage of the terrain along the transmission line. That will 

allow dimensioning of the failures under the approach roads. In that way a regular water 

flow will be provided to the atmospheric water which will occur during the construction of 

the transmission line; 

- The avoidance of the usage of equipment and mechanization and its regular service and 

fuel refilling and maintenance near the water objects, in order to be avoided the impacts on 

the water by leakages by the fuels and oils. 

The route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 goes through 

the second and the third protected zone of the well-area Nerezi-Lepenec. Because of the 

importance of this spring for the city Skopje and the region around it, in the drawing-up of the 

urban-project documentation and the realization of the project, it is necessary to be respected and 

followed the regime for protection in the protected zones of the wells Nerezi-Lepenec stipulated by 

the decision for determination of the boundaries of the well-area Nerezi-Lepenec (the Official 

Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No.14/99). Based on the decision for determination of the 

boundaries of the protected zones of the well-area Nerezi Lepenec, the regime for using the space 

within that area is determined. 

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In all the protected zones of the area of the spring Rasce it is forbidden to build hydro technical 

objects and plants which can take the water from the confluent area, except those intended for the 

water supply in that area. 

In the second protected zone (the wider zone) the following is forbidden: 

- Building of objects and performance of other type of work, like exploitation of gravel, sand, 

stone and usage of the land in a way and capacity by which the natural values, capacities, 

quantity, quality and the regime of the surface and the underground water are endangered; 

- Building of cattle and poultry farms; 

- Uncontrolled transport, storage and usage of liquids which in their composition are harmful 

for the underground water layers (oil, oil derivates, acids, etc); 

- Release or storage of oils, acids and other harmful, toxic or radioactive substances; 

- Deposition of waste substances and garbage; 

- Direct release of waste water into the open rivers. 

In the area of this protected zone forestation is allowed. Also it is allowed to use the land for 

agricultural production with usage of fertilizers and chemical protective substances which do not 

contain non-soluble toxic and harmful substances. 

In the existing settlements of this zone extensive cattle breeding can be kept, but also other 

functions can be performed as well, as well as building of objects only in accordance with the urban 

plans and according to the criteria which this zone imposes. 

In the third (wider zone) it is forbidden: 

- -Building of objects and performance of other type of work, like exploitation of gravel, sand, 

stone and usage of the land in a way and capacity by which the natural values, capacities, 

quantity, quality and the regime of the surface and the underground water are endangered; 

- Uncontrolled transport, storage and usage of liquids which in their composition are harmful 

for the underground water layers (oil, oil derivates, acids, etc); 

- Release or storage of oils, acids and other harmful, toxic or radioactive substances; 

- Direct release of waste water into the open rivers 

Release of the waste water in the open river flows is allowed after their filtration according to the 

water flow criteria from class II of the profile of the release. 

The investor during the construction should imply the measures in accordance with the Decision on 

determination of the boundaries of the protected zones of the well-area Nerezi-Lepenec (the 

Official Gazette No 14/99). For that purpose the following measures for diminishing the negative 

impact are proposed: 

- Careful and controlled removal of the vegetation, soil and geological barrier in order to 

prevent infiltration of the polluting substances in the underground; 

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- Prevention and decrease of the erosive processes, to disable the surface swallowing and 

banks transfers in the surface water flows which can contain large amount of minerals and 

organic substances. The decrease of the erosive processes will be accomplished by 

planting suitable indigenous trees and other form of vegetation; 

- Controlled disposal of the excavated land, building waste and other garbage in the 

sensitive areas of the First and the Second protected zone. The type of this waste allows 

to be deposited temporary on this space, on locations which are predisposed and 

organized for that purpose. If possible, the excavated ground should be used for covering 

the foundations of the pillars. The rest of the inter waste, after the construction work is 

finished, should be given to the communal companies which operate on this area, based 

on previously made agreement; 

- Controlled disposal of solid municipal waste and waste food and packaging, the seats are 

provided for this purpose and are of sufficient distance from surface flows. Separation of 

hazardous waste and its temporary storage locations are arranged for that purpose. During 

the construction phase and after completion of work, the waste should be taken by a 

licensed company for waste management based on prior agreement; 


the workers. If the location allows then connection to the nearest sewage system should be 

done to the nearest town or mobile toilets should be installed; 








the water by leakages by the fuels and oils. 

The investor during the construction stage should apply the provisions stipulated in the Chapter VIII 

– ‘Crossing of the transmission lines and their approach to objects’ from the Rulebook of the 

technical norms for construction of above ground electro energetic transmission lines with nominal 

voltage from 1 kV to 400 kV (the official Gazette of SFRJ, No 65/1988 – is still on force in 

Macedonia), which refer to approach and crossing of the transmission lines through water flows. 

Those provisions refer to safety height of the transmission line from the highest water level of the 

rivers and it should be from 7m to 15m depending from the water level. The horizontal distance on 

each part of the pillar has to be at least 10 m from the bank and at least 6 m from the bank. The 

isolation of the transmission line must be electrically strengthened. 

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line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo1 

The route of the transmission line TS Jugohrom –TS Tetovo 1 crosses over the river Pena. 

The route of the transmission line TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 intersects with the irrigating canal 

‘Radiovce-Bistrica’, so according to that it is necessary to be taken suitable technical-protective 

measures during the performance of the construction work not to be damaged the irrigating 

systems. 

The route of the regional water supply system (WSS) ‘Treska” hasn’t been defined yet and further 

studies and project-technical documentation have to be carried out which points out that the 

planned route of the transmission line is not into conflict with anything. 

Because on this part of the route there is already existing transmission line and only reconstruction 

has to be performed, i.e. replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice ones, the impacts are 

minor, however suitable measures for diminishing of the negative impacts should be applied to: 

- Controlled disposal of the solid communal waste and garbage, on some places on 

locations which are predisposed and organized for that purpose. After the construction 

work is finished, should be given to the communal companies which operate on this area, 

based on previously made agreement; 


the workers. If the location allows then they should be connected to the nearest sewage 

system of the nearest town or mobile toilets should be installed; 








the water by leakages of the fuels and oils. 

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CHARACTERISTICS 


line TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom 

The impacts on the soil during the construction are significant. Due to preparation work, cleaning of 

the route, flattening of the soil, excavation for the foundadtions of the pillars, the upper layer of the 

soil will be destroyed. 

The decrease of the impact on the soil is directed towards the destruction of the upper layer of the 

soil and the attempts of its effects. 

- As much as the circumstances allow, the movement of the transport vehicles and the other 

building mechanization should be avoided; 

- The unnecessary excavation of the ground should also be avoided, and the excavated 

ground is recommended to be scattered around the foundadtions and compressed there. 

The extra soil should be equally distributed in the area and the humus should be stored on 

places appropriate for that purpose, but not in the same place together with the rest of the 

excavated material, and than to be used for revitalization of the degraded soil and the 

vegetation on that space. The humus can be used for improvement of the land quality and 

for closure of all the raptures caused by the investigating work; 

- Identify sites for temporary stationing of construction machinery and provision of containers 

eventually expires oils; 

- Reduction of the removal of vegetation or its planned removal in order to prevent greater 

damage to the soil surface. 

B. Measurements for diminishing the impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 

transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

On this part of the route there is the existing 110 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

and only reconstruction is necessary here, i.e. a replacement of the concrete pillars with the steel 

lattice ones. Because of that the impacts on the soil and the geological characteristics are minor. 

However, consistent application of the measures for diminishing the negative impacts is required 

and refers to the following: 

- As much as the circumstances allow, the movement of the transport vehicles and the other 

building mechanization to be avoided; 

- Controlled disposal of the building waste and other industrial waste on locations intended 

for that purpose. 

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5.1.9. MEASUREMENTS FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA 



- One of the most important and the most efficient measures for prevention of the negative 

impacts on the flora and fauna is the avoidance to remove the vegetation in conditions 

when it is necessary. This can be achieved by taking actions for careful planning the route 

and the vegetation which is about to be removed; 

- Using existing Access roads aimed at reducing the destruction of plant and animal 

habitats; 

- The removed vegetation has to be renewed on the locations which provide that opportunity 

or to be used compensation measures, meaning that the investor is obliged to plant as 

much vegetation as it has been removed; 

- Near the transmission line indigenous vegetation should be planted, bushes or trees which 

can serve as visual barrier and as transfer for some mammals who can be found on that 

place. The vegetation should be planted on the same places where it was removed if that 

is possible or to act according to the compensational measures which imply planting the 

same amount of vegetation as it was removed; 

- The impacts on the flora and the fauna can be decreased by lowering the duration of the 

exposure on these impacts, with other words with duly completion of the construction work; 

- Limitation of movement of people, and to limit the speed of transport vehicles, especially 

near habitats of the characteristic species of fauna; 

- Scheduling of construction activities in accordance with the cycle of reproduction of 

animals, to prevent disturbances to the breeding seasons; 

- To ban huntingthief and destruction of plant and animal habitats. 

B. Measures for diminishing the impact from the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission 

line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

On this part of the route there is the existing 100 kV transmission line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

and only a reconstruction should be carried out, i.e. replacement of the concrete pillars with the 

steel lattice ones. The impacts on the flora and fauna are minor but, consistent application of the 

measures for diminishing the influence of the negative impacts should be followed and they refer to 


126



- The impacts on the flora and the fauna can be decreased by lowering the time of the 

exposure on these impacts, i.e. with timely completion of the construction work; 

- The corridors of movement of certain types of fauna need to be constantly renewed with 

the existing vegetation; 

PROTECTION OF THE NATURAL INHERITANCE 

From the aspect of environment protection and its inheritance and the bio diversity, the urban 

projects have to be harmonized with the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, based on the 

protection regime, in a way that a scheme will be organized on of various activities and the 

construction of objects which will meet the standards set up by the sustainable usage of the nature 

and suitable treatment for protection. 

A special attention in the process of environment protection should be paid to the way, the type and 

the size of the projected construction in the protected areas either by their avoidance or by 

overcoming the conflicts which occur by incompatible functions. For that purpose it is necessary to 

respect the following principles: 

- Optimal protection of the areas which have exceptional value; 

- Optimal protection of the natural production potentials and promotion of the natural resources; 

- Preservation of the dominant characteristics of the existing state; 

- Rational construction of the infrastructure; 

- Concentration and limitation of the construction; 

- Suitable choice on suitable location 

In accordance with the study on protection of the natural inheritance carried out for the 

requirements of the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia in the municipalities Jegunovce and 

Gjorce Petrov, Tetovo, Zelino, Saraj and Cucer Sandevo there is existence of the natural 

inheritance near the route of the projected 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje- TS Tetovo1. This 

natural inheritance is protected and according to IUCN it has international status and high level of 

protection. 

If it is concluded that the construction of the transmission line could cause disturbance of the bio 

diversity in the space, appropriate measures for environment protection need to be established in 

accordance with the Environment law; to be fully respected the regimes for protection provided in 

the valorization of the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, as well as the protected 

categories by the Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas (CNPPA) from the 

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 

Category III: Monuments of nature, national landmarks. 

These categories usually contain one or more specific national landmarks with exceptional national 

importance, which because of their uniqueness and rarity, have to be preserved. These specific 

characteristics in order to be ideally preserved, have to be isolated from the disturbances created 

127



by the human activities or those activities to be at the lowest level. These areas aren’t determined 

by size if they have variety of characteristics or representative ecosystems which will justify their 

existence as national parks. The size doesn’t represent important factor, these areas need to be 

only big enough in order to preserve the integrity of their position and inclusion. Even though this 

category can have recreational and touristic value, it should be managed in that way to be set free 

from human disturbance. 

These areas can be owned or managed by two bodies or other state government agencies or 

organizations as long as it is necessary to ensure that they will be organized in a way which will 

preserve their important features for longer period of time. 

Preservation regimes in accordance with the valorization provided in the Spatial plan of the 

Republic of Macedonia (2004)- Study on cultural inheritance preservation: 

R3 6: PERSERVATION REGIME ON DENDROLOGICAL MONUMENTS 

Limitations: 

Upon this regime it is forbidden to: 

- cut, trim, break or violently damage the trees, their trunks, roots and branches; 

- change the environmental conditions, to remove the soil, to dig up the roots of the trees, to 

earthen areas covered with vegetation, to flood floral zones, to change the water level of 

the ground or the alkalinity of the soil, to release harmful liquids or gases on the floral zone 

and to dispose waste substances; 

- to change the constant sun exposure of the trees and the floral zones; 

- position, attach or hang objects on the trunks, roots or the branches of the trees; 

- to build permanent objects or constructions in the area immediate to the floral zone. 

On previously given acceptance by the authorized institution for perseverance and as an exception 

it is possible to: 

- change the purpose of the soil in the immediate floral zone (being asphalted, concretized, 

tiled, to plan bushes, trees, grass and so on); 

- perform sanitary work (e.g. removal of branches, 

- place temporary small objects (platforms, kiosks) on the area of the immediate floral zone; 

- collect flowers or fruits or seeds; 

- research work which can have an influence on the biological composition of the trees ( 

taking profiles from the trees, branches and the roots). 

If during the drawing up of the Urban project or during the organization of the area some new 

information is revealed about the natural inheritance, which can be endangered by the installation 

of the transmission line, the following measures have to be taken for its protection: 

- determination of the boundaries and denoting the objects which might be proposed or 

proclaimed as natural inheritance; 

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- prohibition for performing any economic activities which aren’t in accordance with the goals 

and the measures for perseverance established by the act of law on proclamation of 

natural value or by the spatial plan for the areas with special purpose; 

- the road and the other infrastructure (above-ground, underground) to be constructed on 

places other than those which have natural value, and for minor activities it is also 

necessary esthetic inclusion into the natural landscape; 

- implementation of monitoring, permanent control and observance on the objects which 

have natural values and taking up professional and administrative procedures which will 

manage with the negative occurrences; 

- establishment of professional cooperation with the appropriate institutions in the area; 

- respecting the provisions for nature perseverance in accordance with the Law on nature 

perseverance (the official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No.14/06 and No. 84/07)/ 

The following measures the investor should take in order to prevent, decrease and diminish the 

negative impacts on the resources: 

- Complete protection of the flora and the fauna and planned usage of the natural capacities 

in accordance with the ecological conditions; 

- Creation of tampon zone around the protected objects; 

- Perseverance of the natural monuments and the areas surrounding the cultural-historic 

monuments; 

- In the process of recovery of the ecologically endangered areas many biological measures 

should be promoted to increase the stability of the ecosystems; 

- Connection of the vegetation corridors with the nearby forests and the marshlands to 

preserve the migration species; 

- Revitalization of the water habitat along the rivers Vardar and Lepenec. 



A. Measures for diminishing the landscape characteristics from the construction of the 110 

kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom 

The purpose of these measures is to neutralize the visual influences which come out from the 

construction stage of the transmission line. 

- The negative impacts on the quality of the landscape along the route of the transmission 

line will be decreased by carefully planning of the route to keep as much as possible the 

landscape characteristics and the configuration of the terrain; 

- In case of extensive deterioration of the terrain in the construction of the transmission line 

and the supporting objects it is necessary to be planted trees in their surrounding. The 

129



planting of suitable vegetation will contribute to neutralize the harmful impacts on the 

transmission lines on the area, as well as to lower the visibility of the construction itself; 

- The waste material which will be created in the construction stage which can not be further 

used or recycled has to be taken to previously determined location for that purpose to 

avoid piling up of the material around the building site. 


line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo1 

On this part of the route the existing 110 kV transmission line is situated and only reconstruction 

needs to be carried out, i.e. a replacement of the concrete transmission lines with steel lattice ones, 

and according to this the impacts on the landscape characteristics are minor. 

The measures for diminishing the impacts on the landscape characteristics are directed towards: 

- Controlled disposal of the generated waste, the building material and the industrial waste 

which will prevent the creation of unlicensed dumping grounds. 

5.1.11. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE CREATION OF THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACT 

A. Measures for diminishing the impacts of the construction of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom 

The impacts from the erosion of the land should be neutralized soon after the excavation 

processes are completed and they should be covered by vegetation. 

The measures which have to be taken to prevent and diminish the erosive processes and to protect 

the area from floods are: 

- Terracing of the active erosive areas and appropriate cultivation of the agricultural 

vegetation under the angle of the inclination of the terrain; 

- Placing protective grass and trees zones along the river banks in order to decrease the 

erosion; 

- Controlling the river flows by suitable technical and biotechnical measures; 

- Enriching the destroyed river bank from the exploitation of gravel and sand; 

- Restoration and maintenance of the river vegetation; 

130



- Regular control of the conditions of the condition of the riverbeds of the rivers Vardar and 

Lepenec 

B. Measures for diminishing the impacts from the reconstruction of the 110 kV TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

The measures which have to be taken in order to prevent and diminish the erosive processes are 


- Arranging the water flows with suitable technical and biological measures; 

- Enriching the destroyed riverbed from the exploitation of gravel and sand; 

- Maintenance and renewal of the river vegetation; 

- Regular control of the condition of the riverbed of Pena. 

5.1.12. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT 



According to the law on waste management, the producers of waste are obliged, if possible, to 

avoid the waste production on the place itself or to decrease the harmful impacts on the 

environment and the people’s life and health. 

The measures which have to be taken to decrease the impacts from the wage management are: 

- To create a plan for waste management on site, in accordance with the Law on Waste 

Management and its enforcement; 

- Selection of the different types of waste (solid communal waste, motor oils waste, 

excavated ground, humus, rubble, industrial waste), in accordance with the law on waste 

management. The solid communal waste, food residues and packages temporarily are 

kept in containers. The waste from the motor oils is collected and temporarily kept in 

barrels and on locations determined for that purpose, i.e. on temporary dumping grounds 

previously determined by the constructor and the investor. The humus is considered to be 

of high quality and because of that should be kept on special locations, not together with 

the rest of the waste. The industrial waste, such as cables residues, is temporarily kept on 

special locations determined for that purpose; 

131



- Reusage of the waste (the excavated soil for filling up the pits from the investigating work, 

filling up the bases, improvement of the inclinations of the approach roads) or to be 

stored/disposed on locations predisposed for that purpose; 

- The waste substances which will be produced during the construction stage should be 

disposed in the local or the closest dumping ground until a new sanitary, regional dumping 

ground is built; 

- The constructor in agreement with the communal company or authorized company 

responsible for the waste management must provide collection and deposition of the 

generated waste; 

- The waste oils which were used for equipment service will be kept/stored in appropriate 

way in accordance with the Law on waste management; 

- In case of oil leakages on the surrounding land, the upper layer where it leaked will be 

removed and than suitably dislocated in accordance with the positive legal regulations in 

the area of waste management; 

- Generated hazardous waste will be selected and separated from other non-hazardous 

waste and will be temporarily stored in special containers and its removal would be 

responsible for managing a company licensed hazardous waste. 

The management of waste water in protected areas will be accomplished as follows: the waste will 

be collected and unloading of construction work in stable, safe containers, each container will be 

marked, the name should have the name of the waste to be placed in containers, hazardous waste 

be specially marked, the characteristics of waste are also written on the tag (H1-N14 with 

appropriate explanation). Hazardous waste must be removed from the construction site every week 

by a licensed company to organize waste, or more often if needed. Inert and municipal waste must 

also be collected in containers to the construction site. Containers should be emptied once a week 

by licensed company for waste management. All containers must be in an area with a fence, and 

thus inappropriate access by staff would be prevented. Plan for waste management must be made 

by the performer and MEPSO must confirm the plan for waste management before starting work on 

a construction site. 


line TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

Due to the fact that on this route there is the existing 110 kV TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1 and only a 

replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice ones should be performed, the measures for 

diminishing the impact from the waste management are directed towards: 

132



- Selecting the different types of waste which will be generated during the replacement, 

rubble and their temporary storage on previously determined locations by the investor and 

the constructor; 

- The constructor in agreement with a communal company or authorized company for waste 

management on this area must provide collection and disposal of the generated waste. 

5.1.13. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE 

According to the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia, the greatest part of the aims refer to 

the treatment and the protection of the cultural inheritance. 

In the process of drawing up the project documentations of lower level, the precise position of the 

site with the cultural inheritance should be determined and in that context to implement planned 

measures for protection of the cultural inheritance: 

- Compulsory inclusion of the immobile cultural inheritance in the spatial and urban plans 

from lower level to provide planned conditions for their protection, realization of their 

cultural function, spatial integration and active usage of the monuments of the culture for 

suitable purpose in the touristic economy and the general economy of the services for the 

entire development of the country; 

- Planning of reconstruction, revitalization and conservation of the most important 

monumental objects and organization and arrangement of the nearest area in order to 

preserve their cultural-historic dimension and suitable presentation; 

- Amendment and consolidation of the spatial and urban plans for harmonization of the 

perseverance of the cultural inheritance; 

According to the Law on spatial and urban planning (the Official Gazette of the Republic of 

Macedonia No.24/08) in the spatial and the urban plans, based on the documentation for immobile 

cultural inheritance, it is compulsory to establish planned measures for monuments perseverance, 

as well as directions for determination of the regime of their perseverance. 

The implementation of suitable regime of perseverance of the immobile cultural inheritance in 

spatial and urban plan is carried out according to the preserving-conservation bases of the cultural 

inheritance (According to Article 71 from the Law on cultural inheritance perseverance). 

The immobile cultural inheritance no matter whether it is the whole building site or separate object, 

in the spatial and building plans shell be treated in a way which will provide its successful 

integration in the spatial and organizational surrounding of the towns and villages or in the wider 

areas and its building, esthetic and shape values have to be emphasized. 

133



Measures for diminishing the impacts from the construction/reconstruction of the 110 kV TS 

Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 

Monuments of culture that are recorded on this part of the route are on sufficient distance from 

construction sites, there are three cultural monuments on the part of lines from TS Skopje 1 – TS 

Jugohrom and the rest of them are on part from TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1, where existing 

transmssion line. But it should be in mind that there may be a need from their reservation to avoid 

eventulni influences. If during the execution of ground works reveal archaeological sites, should 

stop the works and immediately notify the Department for Protection of Cultural Heritage. Mitigation 

measures relating to protection of cultural heritage in accordance with the Law on Protection of 

Cultural Heritage (Official Gazette no. 20/04, 91/09). Measures related to mitigating the impacts of 

noise and vibration will be further defined if required. 

5.2. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACVTS IN THE EXPLOITATION STAGE 

The operating stage, i.e. the exploitation of the transmission line doesn’t have impacts on the 

environment with the same intensity as it has for the construction of the transmission line. The 

measures that will be determined refer to the determination of the regimes for the maintenance 

work, the cooperation and the informing the owners of the land, measures which have 

compensational effect and so on. 

5.2.1. MEASURES FOR DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACTS ON THE PEOPLE’S HEALTH 

The measures for diminishing the impacts on people’s health in the exploitation stage are identical 

and include the whole length of the route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS 

Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

The basic negative impacts in the exploitation stage are the electromagnetic radiation and the 

corona effect which causes noise. 

In the chapter on the impacts on the environment from the exploitation of the transmission line, it 

was emphasized that the electromagnetic radiations are in accordance with the allowed values, 

and because the transmission line doesn’t go through inhabited areas, the impacts will be reduced 

to minimum. 

Performance in the project should be involved and to respect fully the norms for minimum heights, 

distance and minimum distances to other energy and telecommunications lines, and the 

134



infrastructure facilities, so as hand-crossing should be carried out in accordance with the valid 

legislation and recommendations of planners. 

As a measure to provide continuous measurement of the strength of electromagnetic radiation near 

the closest towns, and regular monitoring and maintenance of transmission line by maintaining 

service within the developer and fast intervention the occurrence of failures and damage. 

As a measurement for diminishing the electromagnetic interference is the usages from the 

regulations from the Rulebook on the technical norms for construction of above ground electro 

energetic transmission lines with nominal voltage of 1 kV to 400 kV (the Offical Gazette, No. 

65/1988 – is still on force in Macedonia), for approaching and crossing of objects. In the crossing of 

antennas and telecommunication transmission lines it has to be considered the safety distance 

which must be at least 5m, the safety height must be at least 2m, the isolation has to be reinforced 

mechanically and electrically. 

5.2.2. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING OF THE SOCIAL AND THE ECONOMIC CHANGES AND 


A. Measures for diminishing the impacts of the route of the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom 

The only negative impact on the socio-economic effects is the transformation of the land from 

privately owned to state owned. 

The temporary prohibition to approach the land due to the maintenance activities and the damages 

caused on the private pwirerty will be compensated to the owners by the investor based on 

previously made agreements. 

From one side the approach roads represent loss of the privately owned land, but on the other 

hand it contributes to the local population by allowing to have an access to the remote parcels and 

to transport the cattle. The forestry companies also can use these roads. 

B. Measurements for diminishing the impacts from the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1 

In the exploitation stage there aren’t any negative social and economic changes and impacts and 

therefore there aren’t any measures for diminishing the impacts. 

135



5.2.3. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING OF THE IMPACTS ON THE AIR QUALITY 

The measures for diminishing the impacts on the air quality in the exploitation stage are identical 

and minor and are considered about the entire length of the route of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1. 

Because in the exploitation stage the impacts on the air are reduced to minimum, the measures for 

diminishing refer to careful maintenance of the transmission line and the usage of eco fuels in the 

transport vehicles during the routine controls and vehicle service. 

5.2.4. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE CLIMATIC-METEOROLOGICAL CHANGES AND 


The measures for diminishing the climatic-meteorological changes and influences in the 

exploitation stage are identical and minor and they are considered along the entire route of the 110 

kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1. 

The measures for diminishing the impact on the climatic-meteorological changes are closely linked 

with sustaining the air quality, i.e. appliances of the measures for diminishing the impacts on the air 

quality by using eco fuels in the transport vehicles during the routine controls and nature 

conservation. 

5.2.5. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE NOISE 

The measures for diminishing the impacts from the noise in the exploitation stage are minor and 

they are considered along the entire route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS 


The corona effect can cause noise during the exploitation of the transmission line. One of the 

measures for diminishing the effect from the noise is the regular control of the leaders’ condition 

and dampers for the vibrations. This is a side measure in the maintenance of the regular 

functioning of the transmission line by which the corona effect will be minor. 

During regular inspections by the Service Office should take into account the use of equipment and 

transport means that they are correct and less noisy, and the activities to be carried out in daytime 

hours. 

136



5.2.6. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE VIBRATIONS 

During the exploitation stage no vibrations are expected, so according to that there aren’t any 

measures considered. 

5.2.7. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE WATER QUALITY 

The measures for diminishing the water quality in the exploitation stage are considered along the 

entire route of the 10 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1. 

The measures which can decrease the impacts on the surface water quality are the following: 

- Regular control of the vegetation and renewal of the grass surface to prevent erosion; 

- Maintenance of the drainage system in functional condition; 

- Careful management of municipal solid waste and illegal dumping or disposal of waste 

near the river basins; 

- Measures to prevent and promptly deal with the possible leakage of fuel or oil from motor 

vehicles; 

- In case of oil or fuel leaking from the transport vehicle prompt handling with it; 

- Clearing the ground after the completed works and bringing in original condition; 

- It is recommended that particular care when the regular control and transmission lines 

maintenance of which will be achieved by providing guidelines for the Office maintaince 

and control. 



The measures for diminishing the impacts on the soil and the geological characteristics in the 

exploitation stage are considered along the entire route on the 110 kV transmission line TS 

Skopje1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo. 

Because the impacts on the soil which will occur during the exploitation are minor, the measures 

which are considered are only preventing and refer to the following: 

- Careful handling the oil and the fuel in case they leak from the transport vehicles, and in 

that case the soil has to be removed and to be treated in accordance with the Law on 

waste management; 

- Reduction of the movement of transport vehicles and mechanization maintaning for the 

lines which would avoid increasing pressure on land and will remain geo-mechanical 

characteristics of soil; 

137



5.2.9. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA 

The measures for diminishing the impacts on the flora and fauna in the exploitation stage are 

considered along the entire length of the route 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS 


The measures for diminishing the impacts on the flora and fauna refer to the following: 

- Planting vegetation on the places previously determined for that purpose in accordance 

with the compensational measures which refer to planting an amount of area which will be 

the same size as the previously destroyed one and according to the Rulebook on technical 

norms for construction of electro energetic transmission lines with nominal voltage of 1 kV 

to 400 kV. 

- Regular control of the vegetation and removal of the old and destroyed vegetation and its 

cultivation; 

- Avoiding usage of chemical pesticides for intervention in case of disease; 

- Renewal of the habitat through constructing migration corridors on the places where the 

movement is limited; 

- The positioning of protective plastic panels and equipment to divert the flight of birds in 

order to reduce injuries and death of birds and mammals. These panels will be placed at 

locations where the observed migratory routes of birds and bats, and are determined by 

continuous monitoring. Will be painted with strong color, yellow, orange so they can be 

marked to be ignored by the birds; 

- It is necessary to perform monitoring by the supervisory engineer to determine the 

populations of birds and determine their migratory roads. It is recommended that 

monitoring be performed at the time of the nesting season of birds, from April to June; 

- Periodically measuring the electromagnetic radiation and determining the visual impact on 

fauna near the lines. 



The measures for diminishing the impacts on the landscape characteristics in the exploitation stage 

of the transmission line, mainly refer to the horticultural organization in order to improve the 

landscape along the route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 

1 on locations where that action is possible. 

138



The choice of the vegetation should be carefully selected, there should be indigenous types which 

are suitable for that area and will have positive influence on the landscape. Regular control has to 

be performed along the corridor. 

5.2.11. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE EROSION AND ITS IMPACT 

A. Measures for diminishing the impacts on the route 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje1- 

TS Jugohrom 

- Planting vegetation on the places where it was removed if that is possible; 

- Constant control and renewal of the protective grass or trees zones by the river banks to 

decrease the erosion; 

- Constant arrangement and planting of the river bank of the rivers Vardar and Lepenec; 

- Constant control and maintenance of the drainage system in good functional state 

B. Measures for diminishing the impacts on the route of 110 kV TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

- Constant control and renewal of the protective grass and trees bands by the river banks to 

decrease the erosion; 

- Constant arrangement and planting of the river bank of the river Pena 

5.2.12. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM THE WASTE MANAGEMENT 

The measures for diminishing the impacts from the waste management in the exploitation stage 

are considered along the entire route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - 

TS Tetovo 1. 

In the exploitation stage the waste is produced by the maintenance of the transmission line, but the 

impacts from the waste management are reduced to minimum because the routine controls and the 

maintenance professionals from the Maintenance service of transmission lines. 

As a measurement it is recommended careful management with the harmful waste which can be 

created during the maintenance, and its collection, storage and treatment to be in accordance with 

the national legal regulations. 

139



Hazardous waste that will be created during the maintenance of transmission lines such as electric 

and electronic waste, transformer oils and chemicals will be stored properly and will be delivered to 

the company licensed to manage such waste. 

5.2.13. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING OF THE IMPACTS ON THE CULTURAL INHERITANCE 

The measures for diminishing the impacts on the cultural inheritance in the exploitation stage are 

considered along the entire route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 - TS Jugohrom - TS 

Tetovo 1. 

On the same route of the road there isn’t any cultural – historical inheritance, so according to that 

there aren’t any measures for diminishing the impacts on the cultural inheritance. If any sites which 

have cultural-historical values are discovered, the directions given by the Republic Institute for 

cultural monuments perseverance of the Republic of Macedonia are followed. 

5.3. MEASURES FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACT FROM THE CEASE OF THE WORK OF THE 

TRANSMISSION LINE AND ITS ABUNDANCE 

If the transmission line ceases to work the location has to be reorganized and brought to previous 

state. 

This can be achieved by using the principle of remediation as a measurement for diminishing the 

impact, which is used to improve the harmful conditions which occur due to the construction work 

of a project, and is used to establish balance in the environment. The investor is responsible for 

this measurement. 

If the transmission line or the transformer station is out of use, all the other structures will have to 

be dismantled in case they are reused or they will be disposed according to the regulations. 

In the agricultural areas, the concrete foundations of the pillars have to be removed (minimal depth 

of 70 cm) in order to renew the agricultural function. 

On the places of the pillars, if possible, vegetation has to be planted and afterwards well kept. 

The previous soil and water quality should be restored. 

The area has to be returned to the previous owners. 

140



5.4. GENERAL MEASUREMENTS 

Harmonization of the project documentation with the Spatial plan of the Republic of 

Macedonia 

All the activities on the area shall be harmonized in accordance with the Spatial plan of the state, 

especially the meaningful ones and those which refer to the planning and the construction of: 

- state infrastructural systems (roads, railways, air traffic, telecommunication); 

- Energetic systems, transmission lines and bigger water supply systems; 

- Building objects important for the state; 

- The capacities of the touristic offer; 

- Economic complex and those which refer to larger concentrations (free economic zones); 

- Capacities for natural resources usage; 

The spatial plans of the regions, municipalities and the areas of special importance and the urban 

plans will be harmonized with the Spatial plan of the country, especially in the following elements: 

- the purpose and the usage of the areas; 

- the network of the infrastructure; 

- the network of populated areas; 

- environmental protection. 

The main goal of the process of the EIAS is during the project stage to identify the potential harmful 

impacts and to propose measures for their decrease or diminishing. There are three accepted 

principles for diminishing of the impacts- avoid, reduce and remediate. 

The efficiency of these methods directly depends on the drawing-up stage of the project in which 

the aspects of the environment are taken into account (e.g. to avoid the impacts is only possible in 

the initial stages of the transmission line construction). 

The avoiding as a measurement for diminishing the impact usually is the fastest, the most efficient 

and the cheapest way to decrease the impacts of the large infrastructural projects. All the 

environment aspects, as well as the alternative, have to be practiced in the early stages of the 

route selection and the construction processes of the transmission lines (determining the route so 

as to avoid privately owned pwirerties, to reduce the destruction of homes and habitats or 

agricultural areas). 

The reduction as a measurement for diminishing the impact is usual strategy which is used when it 

comes to impacts which can not be avoided, and are result of the construction of transmission lines 

or other large projects. According to this measure all the emissions, effects and waste need to be 

prevented before they occur in the environment. 

These measures reflect the national legislation on the environment and they are intended to reduce 

the impacts from the projects and its integration in the area. 

141



TEMPORARY ROADS AND OBJECTS OF CROSSING 

During the construction of the temporary roads in the forest areas, the constructor should obey the 

following rules: 

- Maintenance of the natural drainage to prevent erosion and transfer of solid particles in the 

near water flows; 

- Installation of structures of crossing (temporary bridges, wooden bridges) for crossing over 

the rivers, because stepping into is forbidden; 

- Prohibition for movement of any machinery 30 m on the constant water flow, except on 

places where the topography or hydrographics don’t allow retaining of this distance; 

- To avoid traffic in unstable zones (inclinations). If the stability of the terrain during the 

construction work isn’t suitable, the construction has to be stopped or to be considered 

another option; 

- Careful handling of the hydraulic oils and fuel to avoid leaking. 

- On the locations of the temporary buildings, conditions for suitable treatment of the waste 

water have to be made and the solid waste has to be carefully handled; 

- Removal of the temporary building after the completion of the construction; 

- To avoid piling up of the excavated material during the construction along the corridor or in 

the area between the boundaries of the corridor along the road (the soil of the corridor has 

to be redistributed and compressed in this area); 

- Usage of the existing sand collectors, the soil out of the corridor should not be removed 

except for the excavations of gravel and sand. 

CLEANING THE VEGETATION ON THE CORRIDOR OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE 

The fallen trees (without any commercial value) and the wood residue from the cleaning process 

can be burnt or given to the local inhabitants to use it. 

In the selection process and the loading of the wood it is necessary to reduce the movement of the 

equipment to limit the damage of the ground. 

The owner is responsible to control the vegetation of the corridor manually to avoid usage of 

chemical sprays (defoliants). 

PROTECTION OF THE SURFACE AND THE UNDERGROUND WATER 

The waste deposition from the building sites, the oil chemicals and other polluters from the same 

origin into the river flows is forbidden. The constructor is obliged to respect the law and the 

regulations which concern the issue of waste disposal. 

PROTECTION FROM WAR DESTRUCTION, NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DISTERS 

According to the estimations for the degree of the endanger on the territory of the Republic of 

Macedonia, and in that context in the region of the protected zones from expected military actions, 

the most endangered are the plain areas of Polog, the route Skopje-Grupcin-Tetovo and the valley 

of Vardar (Derven canyon). The configuration of the terrain, the density of the population and the 

142



traffic network make Dolen Polog exceptionally endangered from military actions with wider range. 

From these reasons the population and the material goods of this region will be evacuated outside 

Polog. The mountainous area of Radus, due to low boundary band is also directly endangered from 

outer military actions. The only area in the analyzed region, due to traffic inapproachability, is 

indirectly endangered from military actions is the mountain Zeden. 

The natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, draughts, etc) are factors which can not be predicted in 

time and space, but having information about their occurrences in the past, the measurements will 

be equal to the expected possible occurrences. 

The earthquakes occur in the areas of Polog, Derven canyon and Skopje valley. To decrease the 

seismic risk it is necessary to apply the suitable economic measures for protection of the created 

values. The existing Rulebook on technical norms for building of objects in the seismic area (the 

Official Gazette of SFRJ, No.31/81, 49/82, 29/83, 21/88 and 51/90) as well as the Rulebook for 

technical norms for reconstruction, renewal and reinforcing the higher objects (the Official Gazette 

No. 52/85), based on new information from this area in the developed countries and a proposal by 

IZIIIS- Skopje, they should be subject of revision, amendment and consolidation. 

One of the priorities for implementation of the Spatial plan of the Republic of Macedonia will be the 

formation of the record and analysis system of technological accidents on wider area relevant for 

the spring water quality compatible with the MARS system (valid for the EU countries). 

The system will contain the following elements: 

- record of harmful substances which occur in the technological plants stored in the plants 

premises or in the wider area, their disposal, and the transport roads of these substances; 

- preventive measures for every economic subject from aspect of harmonization of the ways 

of handling the harmful substances with the existing regulation; 

- proposals for priority activities related to substitution of technologies which use harmful 

substances and measures for their reduced usage; 

- proposals for replacement of halogenations carbohydrates as refrigerants and pwirellants, 

as well as reduction of the emissions up to 50% of: benzene, chlorinemetane, 

dichlorinethane, copper and cadmium, if with the record of the harmful substances of the 

range of the zone has confirmed their presence or emission. 

- Education of the population of their protection and training of the personnel in case of 

technological disaster. 

143



MEASURES FOR PROTECTION OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE FROM NATURAL DISASTERS 

AND OTHER ACCIDENTS 

The technical documentation includes protection of the transmission line from the following natural 

disasters: 

- Protection from lightening struck by installation of protective wire and grounding of the 

pillars; 

- Protection of the pillars of water areas and selection of better location of the places of the 

pillars or decision for overhead bases; 

- Protection of the terrain from sliding with selection of appropriate route and positioning of 

the pillars on stable locations; 

- Protection of additional load (snow, ice) and high pressure of wind, by projection of the 

transmission line for precise meteorological conditions or adoption of the meteorological 

parameters using empirical data; 

- Fire protection with application of the minimal safety distances between the objects with 

the existing regulations; 

- Protection from the polluted area, by using isolating elements for the polluted area; 

- For the seismic forces the measurements which are in accordance with the existing legal 

regulation. It should be followed the rulebook on technical norms for high building objects 

in seismic areas (the Official Gazette of SFRJ, NO. 31/81, 49/82, 29/83, 21/88 and 52/90) 

and the Rulebook on technical norms for reconstruction, renewal and strengthening of the 

high objects destroyed by earthquake and for reconstruction and revitalization of the high 

objects (the Official Gazette of SFRJ No. 52/85). 

144



ANALYZIS OF THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT REALIZATION: 

RECONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE 110 KV TRANSMISSION LINE ‘TS 

SKOPJE – TS JUGOHROM – TS TETOVO1’ ON THE ENVIRONMENT 

145

F A C T O R S DIRECT IMPACTS EFFECT DURATION MEASUREMENTS FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS 

IMPACT ON THE 

PEOPLE’S 

HEALTH 

CONSTRUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE CONSTRUCTION STAGE 

Increased level of noise from the 

constant presence of construction 

machinery and transport vehicles 

during the construction works. 

Disruption of air quality due to the 

creation of large quantities of dust 

during ground and construction work 

Disruption of air quality due to 

increased emission of exhaust gases 

from construction machinery and 

transport means 

Possibility of creating illegal dumps due 

to improper waste management 

Significantly negative 

impact 


impact 


impact 

Minor negative impact 

Short-term 

Short-term 

Short-term 

Short-term 

- Using equipment designed to protect workers from noise and vibration 

- Using protective suits, gas masks and other equipment required 

- Mandatory provision of sound signals in order to join the ban during a 

performance of mining work 

- Control of the noise and adherence to the daily hours of work 

- Using proper construction machinery 

- Occasional and controlled water spraying of the working locations, water 

curtains (bands) 

- Reduction of emissions of exhaust gases 

- Using environmentally fuels 

- Using group transport for workers 

OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE 

Electromagnetic radiation Minor negative impact Long term 

- Properly manage waste generated and concluding an agreement with 

licenced communal company 

There aren’t any Macedonian norms for electromagnetic field. 

The limit values of the field in the western standards fit (lower or equal) 

the values in the following cases: 

- Under the transmission lines with the highest voltage- 

10.0 kV/m (electric field); 0.1 mT (magnetic field) 

- In the industry (including the electro energetic)- 

20.0 kV/m (electro field); 2.0 mT (magnetic field) 

- In the buildings as ambient field – 


Corona effect Minor negative impact Long-term - Regular control and maintenance of the transmission lines 

Electromagnetic interference Minor negative impact Long-term 

- Application of the norms from the rulebook on technical 

norms for construction of above ground electro energetic 

transmission lines with a nominal voltage from 1 kV to 400 kV

Еnvironmental impact assessment study on the reconstruction and the construction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 


Transformation of the usable value of 

the land along the route 


Long-term 


- Regular expropriation procedure, land compensation with an agreement 

- Plan for land expropriation 

IMPACTS ON 

THE SOCIO 

ECONOMIC 

CONDITION 


THE AIR 

QUALITY 

Improved power supply to the 

populated areas 

Increase of the market value of the land 

in the populated areas 

Development of the economic activities 

(trade, catering, tourism) 

Decreased migration of the people 

Employing labor for transmission line 

maintenance 

Considerable positive 

impact 


impact 


impact 


impact 


impact 

Long-term 

Long-term 

Long-term 

Long-term 

Long-term 


Emissions of harmful gases from the 

Considerable negative 

- Appropriate waste management by the regulations from 

possibly created unlicensed dumping 

Short-term 

impact 

the Law on waste management 

grounds of communal waste 

Increased dust concentration from 

construction activities 

Increased concentration of fumes from 

the transport vehicles and the 

frequency of the vehicles 

Emissions of gas sulfurhexafluoride 

from the SF6 switchers 


impact 


impact 

Considerably negative 

impact 

Short-term 

Short-term 

Short-term 

- Water spraying, using water bands 

- Application of organized transport for workers 

- Using environmentally fuels 

- Using proper machinery 

- Reduction of traffic and speed limits on transport means, near the 

settlements (Cair, Suto Orizari Volkovo, Radusa; 

- Proper handling and transport of the SF6 swithers 


Emission from the transport vehicle 

fumes from the transmission line 

Minor negative impact Short-term - Aplication of preventive measures 

maintaining services 

147



CLIMATE- 

METEOROLOGIC 


Increased concentrations of gases in 

the air as a result of the construction 

work 

Dust occurrence during the 

performance of construction work 


Short-term 

Minor negate impact Short-term - Decrease of the dust amount 


Possibility of climate change due to 

vegetation denudation 


Long-term 


- Using environmentally friendly fuels for transport vehicles and 

construction machinery 

- Planting of vegetation, in places where it is possible 

- Planting vegetation on locations where it is possible and 

- Application of the measures for protection of the air 

Increased level of noise due to 

construction work 


impact 

Short-term 

- Application of appropriate methodology for noise control 

- Workers should wear protective equipment 

Increased noise due to the use of 

heavy construction machinery 


impact 

Short-term 

- Using correct as possible and less noisy equipment and machinery 

- Using sound barriers, as natural barriers could serve relief features, 

trailers, dug materials 

IMPACTS FROM 

THE NOISE 

Increased noise due to excavation of 

trenches for underground laying the 

foundations of the columns 

Increased level of noise during 

analyzes things, raising the pillars are 

made of ropes and installation of oat 

equipment 


impact 


impact 

Short-term 

Short-term 

- Keeping to the daily working hours 

- Keeping to the daily working hours 


Corona effect Minor negative impact Short-term - Regular control and transmission lines maintenance 

Increased traffic frequency Minor negative impact Short-term - Usage of eco fuels for the transport vehicles and mechanization 

148




THE VIBRATION 

Increased vibrations level during mining 

and construction work 


impact 

Short-term 


- Workers should wear protective equipment to prevent damage to their 

senses of hearing 

- Mandatory provision of sound signals in order to prohibit access to any 

area during the mining 

No expected impacts none none No planned measures 


Maturity of solid particles, residues of 

soil, sand, dust in the occurrence of 

rainfall 


impact 

Short-term 

- Construction of adequate drainage system with openings under the 

approach roads 

Waste oils and fuels leakages 


impact 

Short-term 

- Adequate storage and handling of different types of fuels and waste oils 

- Storage costruction mechanization oncertain distances from surface 

water 

SURFACE AND 

UNDERGROUN 

WATER FLOWS 

Possibility of expansion of the 

temporary dumping ground 

Improper management of solid 

municipal waste 


impact 


Short-term 

Short- term 

- Control of the condition of the predetermined dumping 

ground locations and their cultivation after the 

construction is completed 

- Placing of mobile toilets and containers for the workers’ 

needs 

Change of the regime of the 

underground water 

Minor negative impact Long-term - Reduction of the heavy construction mechanization on the soil 


Waste from the transformers oils for 

their maintenance 


impact 

Short -term 

Careful handling of the harmful waste according to the legal regulations 

149



THE SOILS AND 

THE 

GEOLOGICAL 

CHARACTER 

THE IMPACTS 

ON THE FLORA, 

FAUNA AND THE 

RESOURCES 


- Removing the top layer of soil over the 

field geo-technical investigations 

- Land excavation for route preparation 

Excavation of a large amount of land for 

construction of the foundations of the 

columns 

Disposal of construction waste and 

excavation ground 

Land degradation from the temporary 

dumping grounds 

Waste water which occur during the 

mechanization cleaning 

Soil compression, change of the 

physical attributes and disturbance of 

the water penetration 



impact 


impact 


impact 



impact 

Long-term 

Long-term 

Short-term 

Short- term 

Short-term 

Long-term 

- Controlled excavations and reuse of the removed 

surface layer 

- Reuse of removed surface layer 

- Controlled excavation of the soil 

- Reuse of removed soil 


Risk of occurrence of erosive 

processes 


impact 

Long-term 

Accidental oil leaking Minor negative impact Short-term 

- Controlled disposal of the waste, excavated material 

- Dislocation and cultivation on the places of the 

temporary dumping ground 

- Setting up of preselected locations for cleaning of the construction 

mechanization 

- Reduction of the building mechanization on the land 

Application of the measures for diminishing of the 

impacts from erosion and floods 


Disruption and destruction of some 

natural habitat 

Disturbance and dislocation of certain 

types 

Disorder of the reproduction cycle of 

certain types 



impact 


impact 

Long-term 

Short-term 

Short-term 

- Carful handling with harmful waste according to the legal regulation, 

- Removal of the surface layer of the soil 

- Creation of protective green bands on the parts where the vegetation 

was degraded and destroyed 

- Maximum usege of existing access roads 

- Decrease and control of the noise level and vibrations during the 

construction of the road 

- Avoiding construction in the cycle of breeding and nesting of fauna and 

flora 

- Planting protective green band 

150


Change of the migration routes of 

certain types 


impact 

Short-term 

- Planting protective green band where is needed, if it is possible 

Dust can cover plants and reduce the 

productivity of cereals 


impact 

Short-term 

- Reduce the amount of dust with water spray 

- Avoidance of groundworks in dry periods 


Influence of electromagnetic radiation Minor negative impact Long-term 

Change of the migration paths of 

animals 

Injuries and lethality at birds 

- Continuous measurements of electromagnetic radiation 

- Monitoring of flora and fauna 

Minor negative impact Long-term - Planting protective green band 


impact 

Long-term 


- Establishing a monitoring system for birds movement 

- The positioning of protective plastic panels (diverters) 

Change of look, visual effects 


impact 

Long- term 

- Planting green bands 

Loss of old trees and vegetation, 

fragmentation of the natural habitat 


impact 

Long-term 

- Planting green belts, application of compensation measures 

THE IMPACTS 

ON THE 

TERRAIN 

Mobile toilets, containers, camps for the 

workers 

Areas for keeping and storage of 

materials, temporary dumping places 

Presence of heavy building 

mechanization 



impact 


Short-term 

Short-term 

Short-term 

- Dislocation of the mobile toilets, containers after the construction is 

completed 

- Controlled storage of equipment and materials on locations intended for 

that purpose 

- Dislocation of the building mechanization, transport vehicles and the 

other equipment after the construction is completed 


Permanent modification of the 

characteristics of the landscape 


impact 

Long-term 

- Horticultural organization and planting of protective green belts for the 

vegetation by the road 

151



THE EROSION 

AND ITS 

INFLUENCE 

WASTE 

CREATION 

These impacts occur due to destruction 

and degradation of the vegetation and 

are felt in the exploitation stage. 


- Degradation, destruction and 

impoverishment of the land 

- Pollution of the surface water 

- Covering fertile agricultural land 

- Covering of traffic and other 

infrastructure; 

- Destruction of economic and other 

objects; 

- Endangering and causing damage to 

populated areas and 

- Creation of new relief forms (negative 

and positive role). 


The excavation of the soil during the 

preparation of the land for setting up 

the pillars bases 

Inert waste, fuel or oil from the transport 

vehicles and transformers oils 

Industrial waste, for example extra 

cables and other materials 


impact 


impact 

Short-term 

Short-term 

- Prompt ending of the excavation and the other land work and their 

coverage with vegetation 

- Placing bands to avoid dragging sediments to be taken into the water 

- Edit the areas of active erosion and proper processing of agricultural 

land under the angle of slope of the terrain 

- Placing protective grass and wooden belts by the river banks and 

constant control and maintenance to decrease the erosion 

- Arrangement of the water flows with suitable technical and biological 

measures 

- Maintenance and renewal of the river vegetation 

- Constant arrangement and renewal of the river bank of the rivers Vardar 

and Lepenec 

- Constant control and maintenance of the drainage system in good 

functional state 

- Reuse of the surface layer of the soil if it possible 

- Disposal of the inert waste on the locations intended for temporary 


Minor negative impact Short-term - Proper storege and taking by the communal company 

Harmful waste, fuel or oil from the 

transport vehicles and transformers oils 


Short-term 

- Proper storage and keeping of the harmful waste, fuels, waste oils and 

fats 

Communal and solid waste from the 

workers 

Minor negative impact Short-term - Placing mobile toilets and containers for the workers’ needs 

152



Waste created from the transformers 

oils from the maintaining services 

Minor negative impact Short-term - Proper managing in accordance with the legislation 

Waste created from replacement of old 

equipment and components 


Short-term 

- Appropriate management in accordance with legislation 

- Taking the waste by licensed company 



THE CULTURAL 

INHERITANCE 

Registered monuments of culture are of 

sufficient distance from the route 

NONE 



- During the work if is neded, taking mitigation measurements on the 

same place (setting barriers) 

- The work has to be stopped in case some remains are detected and the 

Institute for monuments protection has to be informed 

Registered monuments of culture are 

on sufficient distance from the route 

NONE NONE - No measures are predicted 



THE 

ARCHEOLOGIC 

SITES 

Registered archeological sites are on 





- The work has to be interrupted if the workers come across to 

archeological sites and to inform the authorized body 

Registered archeological sites are on 


NONE NONE - No measures are predicted 

153



ACCIDENTS AND 

BREAKS DOWN 

Because the occurrences of disasters and accidents can not be predicted, the following general measures should be applied 

TRAFFIC 

ACCIDENTS 


Uncontrolled leaking of oil, oil derivates, 

chemicals and other toxic substances 


impact on the soil and the 

water flows 

Short- term 

- On time reaction of the intervention services in accordance with the 

established plan for rescue service in emergencies 

FIRES 


Solid harmful particles, dust, toxic 

gases 


impact on the soil, air 

quality and biodiversity 

Short- term 

EARTHQUAKES OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE 

- Timely intervention of the emergency services in accordance with the 

predetermined plan on actions for emergency situations 

Consequences on the people and the 

area 


impact 

Short-term 

- Application of suitable protection measures (construction intervention on 

the supporting construction of the existing objects to provide resistance to 

the strongest earthquakes) 

FLOODS AND 

EROSION 

OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE OPERATING STAGE OPETRATING STAGE 

Consequences on the people and the 

area 


impact 

Short-term 

- Forestation of the barren areas in order to decrease the impacts from 

the erosion 

154

PLAN FOR DIMINISHING THE IMPACTS FROM ON THE ENVIRONMENT FROM THE 

TRANSSMISSION LINES (ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK STANDARDS)

Impact on the environment 

Mitigation measures 

Price of the impact 

(if it is considerable) 

Responsibility 

Starting date 

C O N S T R U C T I O N P H A S E 

- Planned clearing and cutting of trees and shrubs in the vicinity of the route 

of transmission lines 

Vegetation protection 

- Raising of protective green belts in areas where there was a degradation 

and destruction of vegetation 

- Reduce the amount of dust with water spray 

- Avoidance of earthworks in dry periods 

Constructor 

Investor 

According to the 

project performance 

plan 

- Limit the frequency of traffic, due to reducing the amount of exhaust gases 

- Use of access roads as much as possible 

- Reduction and control the level of noise and vibration during construction 

- Avoiding construction in the cycle of breeding and nesting of fauna and 

flora 

- The positioning of protective green fence where possible 

Protection of the wildlife 

- Limitation of the working areas (construction sites with heavy equipment) 

Constructor 


to prevent the least disturbance and protection of wild animals and goods 

Investor 


- Coverage of bushotinite with cement or another when the research is 

plan 

completed to avoid damage 

- Proper selection of sites priremeno delay construction rubble and other 

wastes 

- Prohibition of hunting-steal and destruction of plant and animal habitats


- Create a plan for waste management of construction site and its 

enforcement 

Waste management 

- Selection of different types of waste in accordance with the law on waste 

management 

- Reuse of waste ground to fill the holes in investigative work, filling the 

bases 

Constructor 

Investor 



plan 

- Waste materials should be delivered to licensed companies or deposited 

in the nearest landfill 

Dust 

- Spraying with water (water curtain) in dry and windy weather 

- Avoid groud and construction activities in drought periods 

Constructor 

Investor 



plan 

- Mechanization and transport vehicles should be in good working condition 

and be equipped with silencers sound 

Noise 

- Workers should wear protective equipment to prevent damage to their 

senses of hearing 

- In places where it is necessary to use sound barriers, natural sound 

barriers can be relief features, trailers, trucks, dug material 

Constructor 

Investor 



plan 

- To make a working schedule, which means limiting construction activities 

during the day, from 7 to 19 

Cultural – historical and 

- Registered monuments of culture are of sufficient distance from the route. 

Constructor 


archeological inheritance 

- If it was found and recorded work remains to be discontinued and 

Investor 


immediately notify the Office for Protection of Monuments. 

plan 

157


- Carefully remove the natural soil barrier to prevent infiltration of pollutants 

in underground 

- After completion of the investigative work should be closed with 

dupnatinite concrete or other material to avoid contamination of 

groundwater 

- Minimize the changing structure of the underground (particularly in 

sensitive Zhedenski massif) 

- Prevention and reduction of erosive processes to prevent increased 

Constructor 

Protection of the surface 

surface and transportation of sediments in surface flows which may contain 

Investor 


and the underground water 

large quantities of minerals and organic substances 

Maintenance 


- Controlled disposal of solid municipal waste and waste food and 

sector of the TL 

plan 

packaging, in places that are remote enough from the surface flows 

- Adequate treatment of wastewater from the temporary worker camps and 

mobile toilets 

- Avoid the use of equipment and machinery as well as maintaining near 

rivers 

- Identify specific locations for the temporary stationing of construction 

machinery and provision of containers for collection of oils eventually 

expires 

Destroyed vegetation 

- Return of growing cover planting with native species 

- Removal of vegetation manually / mechanically without using pesticides 

Constructor 

Maintenance 

sector of the TL 



plan 

158


- Using correct and less noisy machinery, and compliance with restrictions 

on timing for the noisy activities 

- Using group transport for workers and use of environmentally friendly 

fuels 

Constructor 


Impacts on human health 

- Using water curtains, and occasionally spraying the ground with water 

Investor 


- Careful management of waste, especially hazardous waste, thus reducing 

plan 

the possibility of establishing a wild dumps 

- Workers working on the construction of transmission lines should be 

equipped with appropriate protective equipment 

O P E R A T I O N P H A S E 

Vegetation protection 

- Occasional measurements of electromagnetic radiation 

- Monitoring of flora and fauna 


Constructor 

Investor 



plan 

Protection of the wildlife 

- Establishing a monitoring system for birds movement 

Constructor 


- The positioning of protective plastic panels (diverters) 

Investor 



plan 

Waste management 

- Careful handling of waste materials and elements that are created during 

the maintenance of transmission line or their collection, storage and 

treatment 

- Hazardous waste will be created during the maintenance of transmission 

Constructor 

Investor 



plan 

159


line, electrical and electronic waste, transformer oils and chemicals will be 

stored properly and will be delivered to the company licensed to manage 

such waste 

- Measures to mitigate the corona effect is regular monitoring of the 

Noise 

condition of conductors and vibration pridushuvachite 

- In regular checks by the Office of maintaining of transmission lines should 

Constructor 

Investor 



take into account the use of equipment and transport means, the activities 

plan 

to be carried out in daytime hours 

- Regular monitoring of vegetation recovery and grass cover to prevent 

erosion 

Protection of the surface 

and the underground water 

- Careful management of municipal solid waste and illegal dumping or 

disposal of waste near the river basins 

- Measures to prevent and promptly deal with the possible leakage of fuel 

or oil from motor vehicles 

Constructor 

Investor 



plan 

- Clearing the ground after the completed works and bringing in original 

condition 

- Planting of vegetation in places where it was removed possible if 

Erosion 

- Control and recovery of protective grass and woody bands besides river 

banks, reducing the erosive sediment 



- Constantly editing and improvement of the river bed of the rivers Vardar 

plan 

and Lepenec; 

160


There aren’t any Macedonian norms for electromagnetic field. 

The limit values of the field in the western standards fit (lower or equal) the 

Electro-magnetic field, 

values in the following cases: 

Authorized 

impacts on the human 

- Under the transmission lines with the highest voltage- 

company for 


health 


measuring the 


- In the industry (including the electro energetic)- 

electro-magnetic 

plan 

20.0 kV/m (electro field); 2.0 mT (magnetic field) 

field 

- In the buildings as ambient field – 


161

6. DRAFT- PLAN FOR ENVIROMENT OBSERVANCE 

The observance of the environment condition is carried out through: 

- Systematic monitoring, evaluation and estimation of the pollution and the mediums 

condition in the environment; 

- Identification and registration of the polluting sources on each medium separately in 

the environment; 

The plan for carrying out the monitoring process includes: 

- Regular following of the emissions and the impacts on the environment 

from the polluting source, in the manner specified and regulated by the 

existing rules and norms; 

- Regular following of the emissions closely related to the polluting sources 

determined by the laws or the regulations based on this law; 

- Regular following the usage of the natural resources in a manner 

determined by the law or the appropriate regulation; 

By the realization of the Plan for environment monitoring valuable data will be 

provided for certain environment mediums (air, water, soil), as well as the 

measures for diminishing the impacts and effects should be respected and 

strictly followed. On the other hand, the plan represents a tool for the 

authorized institutions which enables better control in the process of 

application of the legal regulation and improved decision taking. 

The basic aims of the plan are: 

• To confirm that the previously agreed conditions are pwirerly carried out; 

• To confirm that the defined impacts are in the frames of the allowed or 

envisaged limit values; 

• To enable managing with unforeseen impacts and changes 

The monitoring plan enables following of the environment condition through the 

following parameters: 

- People’s health; 

- Air quality; 

- Noise level; 

- Vibrations level; 

- Surface water quality; 

- Underground water quality; 

- Soil quality; 

- Waste water;



- Waste production and waste management; 

- Biodiversity condition (flora and fauna); 

- Disasters and accidents 

6.1. MONITORING DURING THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE 

During the construction of the transmission line, the monitoring process is 

performed both, on the temporary objects (approach roads, construction 

objects, etc) and the existing objects (electric stations, substations, 

transmission lines, etc). The monitoring of the environment will consist of 

ensuring whether all the measures, conditions, standards and other 

ecologic measures implied from the contracting sides are respected and 

whether the proposed general and specific measures for diminishing the 

consequences are pwirerly used. 

The investor shall appoint independent experts who will observe the 

changes of the components of the environment for which there is suspicion 

of negative impacts occurrence, starting from the projection stage to the 

realization stage. The experts’ task will be to draw up all inclusive 

estimation of the constructor’s activities in order to protect the 

environment. These experts periodically will visit the construction sites, 

they will measure the methods which will be used and they will gather 

information about environment protection. 

The constructor of the work shall obey the defined measures for 

prevention and diminishing the negative impacts on the people’s health 

and the environment quality. 

The monitoring program will be regularly updated as the construction work 

progresses and if necessary it will be modified in order to harmonize with 

the changes in the construction plan. 

The monitoring will be performed along the route and the following will be 

observed: 

• Vegetation protection along the corridor 

• Fauna protection along the corridor 

• Waste management along the corridor 

• Dust amount along the corridor 

• Noise level along the corridor 

• Cultural-historic and archeological inheritance along the corridor 

163



6.2. MONITORING DURING THE EXPLOITATION STAGE 

After the technical reception and commencement of the work of the 

transmission line the investor is obliged to maintain the transmission line 

and to apply the measures for diminishing the impacts: 

• Protection of the surface and the underground water; 

• Destroyed vegetation; 

• Erosion; 

• Noise; 

• Impact from the electro-magnetic field. 

The measures for mitigation and monitoring plan should be implemented consistently, and to 

monitor their implementation. Responsibility for implementation mitigation measures and 

monitoring plan in construction phase belongs to the performer of the works and the investor 

MEPSO. In operation phase and maintenance of transmission lines, the implementation of 

mitigation measures and monitoring plan are the responsibility of MEPSO. This will be conducted 

by the supervisory engineer, Office of Environmental MEPSO. In this regard it is desirable MEPSO 

to provide training or capacity building of personnel of the service environment in order to 

consistently implement measures for mitigation and monitoring plan for this project in long-terms for 

all projects in the future. 

164



DRAFT MONITORING PLAN 

165

PARAMETER PLACE OF MEASUREMENT MONITORING EQUIPMENT MOINITORING GOALS 

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 

OPERATING STAGE 



Along the route of the transmission line 

The nearest populated place 

Measurements devices of the 

electromagnetic pollution 

Control of the electromagnetic pollution 

CONSTRUCTION STAGE 



AIR QUALITY 



Monitoring measurements station of the 

air quality 

Devices for measuring air pollution 

Air pollution control and application of measurements for 

impact diminishing 

OPERATION STAGE 



Due to minor impacts, continuous monitoring will 

not be necessary 

Not required 

Air pollution control during accidents 

NOISE INTENSITY 






Measurement stations 

Noise measurement devices 

Determination of the vibrations intensity and application of 

the measurements for impact diminishing 




Due to minor impacts, continuous monitoring is not 

necessary 

Not required 

Noise level control in accidental occurrences


VIBRATIONS INTENSITY 






Measurements stations 

Noise measurements devices 

Determination of noise intensity and application of 

measurements for impact diminishing 



OPEARTION STAGE 

Not required 

Not required 

Not required 

SURFACE WATER QALITY 



CONSTRUTION STAGE 

Surface and underground water flows near the 

route 

The nearest place of measurement, 

Vardar, Lepenec, Pena 

Pollution control and application of the measurements for 

impact diminishing 




At the initial point of the recipients 

Visual 

The nearest place of measurement, 

Vardar, Lepenec, Pena 

Pollution control, prevention of emission and application of 

the measures for impact diminishing 

UNDERGROUND WATER QUALITY 




In immediate surroundings of the route 

Piezometric drillings 

Pollution control, prevention of emission and application of 

the impact measures 




In the immediate surrounding of the route 

Visual 

Pollution control and application of the impact measure 

The nearest place of measurement 

167


SOIL QUALITY 




In the immediate surrounding of the route of the 

transmission line 

Piezometric drillings 

Pollution control and application of the impact measures 




In the immediate surrounding of the route of the 


Visual 

Pollution control and application of the impact measures 

WASTE PRODUCTION AND WASTE 

MANAGEMENT 


Places intended for that purpose- temporary 



Quantity measurement equipment 

Visual 


Waste quantity control 




Places intended for that purpose 

Quantity measurement equipment 

Visual 

Waste quantity control, treatment procedures and application 

of the measurements for 




BIODIVERSITY CONDITION 

(FLORA AND FAUNA) 

Recorded endangered habitats of the area in 

subject 


Visual monitoring of the biodiversity 

condition 


Number of destroyed habitats and application of diminishing 

measures 


Recorded habitats 

The new vegetation along the route 

Visual monitoring of the conditions of the 

biodiversity 

Biodiversity condition, applications of the measurements 

diminishing 

168


ACCIDENTS AND DISASTERS 




The place of construction 

Visual 

Appropriate equipment and instruments 

Taking up measures for prevention of accidents and 

disasters 




The surrounding of the location 

Populated area 

Visual 

Appropriate equipment and instruments 

Taking up measures for prevention of accidents and 

disasters 

169

MONITORING (OBSERVING) ENVIRONMENT PLAN FROM THE TRANSMISSION LINE 

(ACCORDING THE WORLD BANK STANDARDS)

FACTOR 

Which parameter 

will be observed? 

Where will it be 

observed? 

In what way the 

parameter will 

be observed/ 

type of the 

surveillance 

equipment? 

When the parameter 

will be observedfrequency 

of the 

surveillance or the 

continuity? 

Surveillance 

price. The 

expenses. 

Responsibility 

Starting date 

CONSTRUCTION WORK 

Vegetation 

protection 

Wildlife protection 

Trees and low 

vegetation 

Destroyed 

vegetation 

Animal habitats and 

camps 

Along the 


Along the 


Visual 

Visual 

Monitoring of 

birds 

Evryday during the 


At the completion 

stage of the 


Weekly 

Continuous within 1 

year 

Supervisors from 

MEPSO 

Performer 


MEPSO 

Performer 

The beginning of 

construction 


construction 

Waste material 

organization 

Cultural-historical 

and archeological 

inheritance 

Protection of the 

surface and the 


Quantity of waste 

anddifferent types of 

waste generated 

Finding the 

remnants of sites 

The quality of 

surface waters of 

the near rivers 

Along the 


Sites 

Along the 


Along the 


River basins of the 

Vardar, Lepenec, 

Pena 

Visual 

Visual 

Visual 

Taking samples if 

need 

Every day during the 


One person to keep 

records and control 

Daily 

During construction 

work 

Own initiative 

or quarterly 

If no problems once a 

year 


MEPSO 

Performer 

Licenced company 

Performer 

Institute for Protection 

of Monuments of 

Culture 

Licensed laboratories 


construction 


construction 


construction


Air Quality 

Quantity of dust 

Concentration of 

exhaust gases 

Along the 


route 

Access existing 

roads 

Noise Noise intensity The nearest 

populated places 

Visual 


need 

Measurement 

equipment 


or quarterly 


year 


work if is needed 



construction 

Landscape 

features 

Visual effects 

Along the 


route 

Visual 


work 


MEPSO 

Performer 


construction 

Human health 

Air Quality 

Level of noice 

The nearest 

populated places 

Measurement 

equipment 


work if is needed 


MEPSO 


construction 

Performer 


OPERATION PHASE 

Vegetation 

protection 

Wildlife protection 

Conditions of trees 

and low vegetation 

Populations of birds 

Number 

Migration paths 

Along the 


route 

Along the 


route 

Locations whit 

special types 

Visual 

Visual 

Monitoring of 

birds 


or quarterly 

Once a year - 

obligatory 

Continuous within 1 

year 


MEPSO 


MEPSO 

During operation 

phase 


phase 

172


Waste material 

organization 

Protection of the 

surface and the 


Air Quality 

Erosion 

Human health 

Quantity of waste 

anddifferent types of 

waste generated 

The quality of 

surface waters of 

the near rivers 

Concentration of 

exhaust gases 

Destroyed 

vegetation 

Genesis of 

landslides 

Electrical and 

electro magnetic 

field (height of the 

leaders) 

Along the 


Places staging 

controls and 

interventions 

Along the 


River basins of the 

Vardar, Lepenec, 

Pena 

Access existing 

roads 

Along the 


route 

Access roads 

On the deforested 

fundaments of the 

pillars and the 

approach road 

On the spot 

Visual 

Visual 


need 

Visual 


need 

Visual 

Hydro-geological 

measurements 

Measurement 

equipment 

During regular 

controls and 

interventions 


or quarterly 


year 


or quarterly 


year 


or quarterly 


year 

Enterprisingly, 

quarterly and if there 

aren’t any problems, 

the identification 

should be annual 

Immediately after the 

beginning of the work 

and if needed 


MEPSO 

Licenced company 


MEPSO 


MEPSO 


MEPSO 

Maintenance sector for 

the transmission line, 

MEPSO 


phase 


phase 


phase 


phase 


phase 

173

7. CONCLUSION 

After the consideration of the project activities for the construction and the reconstruction of the 110 

kV transmission line TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1, minor impacts on the environment 

have been observed. According to the used methodology, most of the impacts of the project have 

medium global meaning. These components are the landscape, the vegetation and the fauna. The 

regional economic change from the construction of the transmission line has positive impact. 

For the rest of the environmental components the impact is considered as low or minor. The 

greatest part of these impacts refers to the construction stage and the assessment is based on 

series of measures which will be implemented to decrease the negative impacts. Therefore it is 

very important to emphasize the Surveillance plan on the environment created for the project. 

The expected negative impacts on the environment can be the following: 

• Constant, permanent change of the landscape due to the construction of the transmission 

line fro TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom; 

• Increased noise level on the site due to the mining activities and the usage of the 

construction machines and equipment; 

• Degradation of certain flora and fauna communities (fragmentation of the habitats); 

• Impacts on the soil and the geological characteristics as a result to the deforestation of the 

surface layer, as well as possible contamination from the motor oils, solid and communal 

waste, etc. 

• Contamination of the surface and the underground water resources form wrong waste 

management of the motor oils and fuels. 

During the project implementation it is important to be considered the project development and 

environmental protection, especially during the preparation of the tender documents, the 

assessment of the offers and the construction stage. That will enable integration of the environment 

protection activities in the project realization. 

According to the Law on the environment (the Official Gazette No. 67/04, No. 14/06 and No. 84/07) 

and the Law on the environment (the Official Gazette No. 53/05, No. 81/05, NO 24/07 and No. 

159/08) is required to implement measures for environment protection and spatial organization. 

The project decisions besides the other crucial factors in plans defining, i.e. the projects derive 

from the factor-perseverance and environment promotion. The immediate environment protection is 

one of the development elements and starting base for environment management, based on the 

principles on sustainable growth. The environment protection refers to: 

- water protection; 

- soil protection; 

- noise protection; 

- biodiversity protection; 

- environment protection through organized waste disposal.



The assumed measures for environment protection are in accordance with the strategy for 

sustainable growth. This strategy advances the economic growth, social justice and healthy 

environment. 

The environment protection measures for prevention and diminishing the negative impacts refer to 

the entire activities in the construction and the reconstruction stage of the 110 kV transmission line 

TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1 and in the exploitation stage of the transmission line. The 

timely identification of the possible impacts and the appropriate definition of the measures for 

prevention and diminishing the harmful impacts are crucial for successful project realization. 

The measures for diminishing the impacts on the environment refer to impacts on all the mediums 

and areas of the environment, as well as general measures for diminishing the impacts from 

natural disasters and catastrophes. 

The constructor and the investor are recommended to follow the measurements for diminishing the 

impacts on the environment and their pwirer realization and to implement the plan for environment 

surveillance. 

175



SUMMARY 

The aim of the project is construction and reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 

1- TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo1. Between TS Skopje1 and TS Tetovo1, there has been built the 

existing transmission line No 104/103/3, since 1957, which is 58.7 km. Throughout the years, 

influenced by the development of the road and railway line, the increased water level of the rivers 

Vardar and Lepenec some of the concrete pillars collapsed and were inserted 16 steel lattice pillars 

on the span distance TS Skopje1 –TS Jugohrom. 

Due to the age, deterioration and the uselessness of this part of the transmission line and because 

of the inaccessibility of the route it has been decided to be constructed a new transmission line 

using steel lattice pillars with a change of the corridor on this part of the route and by replacement 

of the concrete pillars on the part of the existing route which is not going to be changed. 

The reconstruction of the transmission line 110 kV No. 104/103/3 TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo 1, i.e. 

the part of the TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom should be carried out by the alternative proposed 

route, which in any case will represent optimal and technical more rational decision compared with 

the reconstruction of the existing route. The proposed route from TS Skopje 1 to TS Jugohrom 

would be about 34.5 km long. 

On the span distance TS Jugohrom –TS Tetovo1 the corridor is not going to be changed. This part 

of the corridor is 20.5 km long. On this section only a reconstruction will be carried out by 

replacement of the concrete pillars with steel lattice ones. In TS Jugohrom it has been planned to 

be constructed new 110 kV field which will be replaced the rigid connection so called ‘T-shtic’. 

The project will be carried out by an alternative route proposed by the relevant Commission and the 

investor, which will be considered as the most suitable due to shortening of the length of the 

transmission line, providing better approach which is very important for the exploitation stage and 

the maintenance, the avoidance of the large number of houses built under the transmission line on 

the localities between Novo Selo and Vucidol, the problematic intersection of the 220 kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Vrutok, the large number of intersections with the river Vardar 

and other problematic intersections and inapproachable sections of the route. 

The H.C. MEPSO, as the investor, is intended to start the reconstruction-construction of the 110 kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo1 and the completing of the three transmission line fields, 

i.e. each in TS Jugohrom (Jegunovce), TS Skopje 1 and TS Tetovo. The construction and the 

reconstruction of this transmission line is based on the adopted development plans of H.C MEPSO 

and it is financed through the project ‘Development project for the electro transmission grid’ 

(ECSEE APL 3) financed by the World Bank. 

176



The construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo1 

is important and should be harmonized with the current condition and the development politics by 

entirely respecting and implementing the norms and the standards on environmental protection. 

The construction and the reconstruction of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo1 

which goes through the municipalities Chair, Suto Orizari, Gjorce Petrov, Saraj, Jegunovce, Zelino 

and Tetovo will have positive impact on the improving the working conditions of the economic 

capacities in the broader and immediate surrounding. 

The construction of the transmission line will allow better power supply in the municipalities in the 

region and wider which is especially important for those who aren’t quality supplied. 

Applied methodology 

The impact environment assessment study was drawn up according to the requests of the existing 

national legislation and the commitments which arise from the international conventions in which 

Macedonia is a member. 

In the Impact environment assessment study was applied the following methodology: 

In order to be assessed the impact of the project on the environment, the following was 

investigated and presented: 

- Detailed description of the goal of the project (range, components, activities during the 

construction and the maintenance of the project)- Chapter 2 

- Detailed description of the natural and the anthropogenic environment (all the mediums 

and areas of the environment) – Chapter 3 

- Identification and analysis of the impacts which arise from the construction and the 

exploitation of the transmission lines- Chapter 4 

- Proposal of adequate measures for prevention and diminishing or compensation measures 

in order to eliminate the negative impacts- Chapter 5 

- Proposal monitoring plan for following the environment condition and the people’s health 

during the construction and during the exploitation of the transmission lines- Chapter 6 

Administrative procedure 

The Environmental impacts assessment study is a procedure determined by the Law on the 

environment by which the realization of the project is approved by the Ministry on the environment 

and spatial planning. 

According to the Law on the environment, the EIAS procedure is contained of the following: 

177



1. Notification of intention (Investor’s responsibility) 

2. Overview (responsibility of MESP) 

3. Range definition (responsibility of MESP) 

4. Drawing up of the EIAS study (Investor’s responsibility, team of experts) 

5. Overview of the EIAS study (responsibility of MEPS) 

6. Drawing up of a report on the EIAS suitability (responsibility of MEPS) 

7. Approval or denial of the EIAS (responsibility of MEPS) 

On of the most important parts regulated by legal acts for EIAS is the public participation in 

different stages of the EIAS procedure. In the initial stages the Investor can involve the public in 

form of direct discussion after the presentation of key aims of the project. The Ministry of 

Environment and Spatial planning will present the most important documents for the duration and 

of the procedure in the daily mediums , local TV and radio station, as well as the web site of the 

ministry of the environment and spatial planning. 

According to the proposed alternative for the route of the 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje1- TS 

Jugohrom- TS Tetovo1, the general evaluation for the impacts on different factors and in different 

stages is the following: 

Current 

situation 

Construction 

stage 

Operation 

stage 

Cease of the 

work 

People’s 

health 

Socio 

economic 

aspects 

Air 

quality 

Water 

quality 

Noise and 

vibrations 

Culturalhistoric 

inheritance 

Soil 

Landscape 

characteristics 

- + - - - - - - - 

1 2 (+) 2 1 2 0 1 2 2 

1 2 (+) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 

0 2 (-) 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 

Flora 

and 

fauna 

Current situation: (-) –low concern, (+)-high concern 

The impact on the environment and the people’s health: 

(0)-irrelevant, 

(1)- important, 

(2)- very important 

178



(2+) – very important in positive context 

(2-) – very important in negative context 

In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Macedonia and the investigations carried out 

on the spot, the following can be concluded: 

• The construction of the transmission line won’t have any impacts on the climate 

parameters; 

• The construction will modify the horizon causing minor effects 

• The pillars will cause change of the soil where they will be installed. It is recommended 

after the completion of the construction, the lend to be cultivated in that way limiting the 

impact only on the places around the pillars; 

• The planned cultivation of the land, the expected change of the vegetation and the 

agricultural activities will be limited only around the pillars; 

• The construction of the transmission line generally won’t have impacts on the trees and the 

fauna due to pwirer implementation of the compensation measures after the construction is 

completed. 

• The transmission line will be constructed in accordance with the road and railway network. 

Visible modification of the existing roads is not expected, which means that the 

construction of the transmission line won’t have negative impact on the traffic 

infrastructure; 

• The construction of the transmission line won’t have impacts on the working process of the 

factories and the industrial infrastructure; 

The route of the transmission line doesn’t pass near civil objects and its construction won’t 

have negative impact on the urban planning 

and on the human factor 

179

9. ENCLOSURES

Еnvironmental impact assessment study on the reconstruction and the construction of 110 kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 

– TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

1. INFORMAUON ABOUT DESIGNER OF THE STUDY 

181



NAME OF THE DESIGNER: 

LEGAL STATUS: 

SERVICES: 

ADRESS 

ЕКО-ТЕАМ, d.о.о. 

Private company 

Services in the field of protecting environment 

Pero Nakovв nn (in the MZT surrounding) 

1000 Skopje 

CONTACT DETAILS: phone: + 389 2 2581 407 

fax: + 389 2 2581 409 

e-mail: info@eko-team.net 

CONTACT PERSON 

Aleksandra Karakashova 

Environmental engineer 

phone: + 389 2 2581 407 

Mob.cel: + 389 70 305 534 

e-mail: aleksandrakarakashova@eko-team.net 

ЕКО-ТЕАМ is Macedonian private company which provides advice to guide companies through 

environmental management and compliance issues. 

Our services include: 

• Sustainability appraisals and sustainable development advisory services 

• Environmental impact assessments 

• Environmental management systems and training 

• Environmental audit 

• Environmental reporting (including report verification) 

• Waste minimization and process optimization 

• Pollution, prevention and control (IPPC) licensing for air, water and land 

• Policy development and appraisal 

• Research into best practice. 

182



183



2. FINAL CONCLUSIONS 

184



The conditions for area planning in preparing the urban project for the construction and reconstruction 

of 110kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom – TS Tetovo 1 

From the aspect of the economic development it is recommended: 

‐ Realization of the planned project for the construction and reconstruction of 110kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1- Ts Tetovo 1 which goes through the municipalities Cair, Suto 

Orizari, Gjorce Petrov, Saraj, Jegunovce, Zelino and Tetovo, will have a positive impact on 

improving the work conditions of the economic capacity of the immediate and broader 

surroundings; 

‐ According to the basic long-term aims and determinations of the economic framework of the 

Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, in future organization of the economic activities, a 

respect to the protection criteria of the natural environment and maintainable economic 

development is required. 

From the aspect of the water supply infrastructure, it is recommended: 

‐ The route of the 110kV transmission line TS Skopje 1 – Tetovo 1 goes through the first and the 

second protective zone of the spring Rasce; 

‐ Special regimes for protection for every protective zone are determined, in accordance with the 

hydro-geological, hydrological and urban ecological conditions. The protection regime for the 

protective zones is defined in the Spatial plan for the protective zones’ region of the spring 

Rasce, (Official Gazette of RM no. 98/2002). During the drawing up of the project’s urban and 

technical documentation, and during the realization of the 110kV transmission line, the defined 

protection regime for the protective zones should be respected; 

‐ The route of the 110kV transmission line goes through the second and the third protective zone 

of the well area Nerezi- Lepenec. Because of the importance and the significance, it is required 

to apply and respect the protection regime for the protective zones of the wells Nerezi- 

Lepenec, proscribed by the Decision on determining the limits of the protective zones of the 

well area Nerezi- Lepenec (Official Gazette of the RM, no. 14/99) 

From the aspect of the Energetics and the energetic infrastructure, it is recommended: 

‐ The construction/reconstruction of the 110kV V transmission line will improve the voltage 

potentials of the western part of Macedonia; will increase the stability and the transmit power of 

the transmission network. For a part of the transmission line, the route of the transmission lines 

will be used. The route of the new 110kV transmission line intersects the existing 110kV 

transmission line Skopje- 1- G.Jankovic, the existing arterial gas- line towards Bulgaria, in 

addition to the planned route of the oil-line AMBO and the arterial gas-line by which this region 

is planned to be gasified. Positive law regulations are required to be applied in the conflict 

areas between these infrastructural transmission lines. 

From the aspect of housing and public services, it is recommended: 

‐ The planning condition of the construction of the urban project 110kV transmission line TS 

Skopje1 – TS Tetovo 1, will cause positive impulses and effects from the aspect of a higher 

organization, infrastructural equipping in the region and broadly, on the territory of the state, 

185



realizing better results and positive effects on the local and national economy, with the highest 

respect for the norms and the standards for protection of the environment. 

From the aspect of the traffic and communication, it is recommended: 

‐ The route of 110kV transmission line intersects the regional roads (301, 402, 403 and 407), the 

ring road of Skopje, the arterial road M-3, the railway line Skopje-Kicevo and Skopje- Kosovo, 

as well as the existing optical phone cables. Positive law regulations are required to be applied 

in the conflict areas between these infrastructural transmission lines. 

From the aspect of environment protection, it is recommended: 

‐ According to the Environment Law (Official Gazette of RM, no. 53/05, no.81/05 and no.24/07), 

and the Regulation on determining the projects and the criteria on which basis the need for 

administering proceedings for impact evaluation on the environment is conducted (Official 

Gazette of RM 74/05), for projects of this type and size, the procedure for impact evaluation of 

the environment project is regularly conducted. The required impact evaluation on the 

environment is passed by the State Management Body, authorized for activities from the area 

of the natural environment; 

‐ According to article 7 from the Law on waste management (Official Gazette of RM no.68/04), 

waste creators are obliged, in the largest extent possible, to avoid the waste creation and to 

decrease the harmful effects the waste has on the environment, life and people’s health; 

‐ Protection, fostering and adequate usage of natural areas, ambient and landscapes of the 

planned area. 

From the aspect of natural heritage, it is recommended: 

‐ The municipalities Jegunovce and Gjorce Petrov have documented natural heritage near the 

route of the planned for construction 110kV inner transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Tetovo; 

‐ In case it is established that the construction of the transmission line could disrupt the biological 

and area’s diversity, certain applicable protection measures should be undertaken, in 

accordance to the valorization presented in the Spatial plan of RM- expert elaboration on 

protection of the natural heritage, as well as the protected categories according to the 

Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas – CNPPA, of the International Union for 

Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources- IUCN; 

‐ In case certain new realizations about the natural heritage are stumbled across during the 

drawing up of the urban project, in which case the heritage can be harmed by the construction 

of the transmission line in this area, it is required planning of certain measures for protection of 

the natural heritage, in accordance to the Law on environment protection (Official Gazette 

no.67/04, no.14/06, no.84/07). 

From the aspect of the cultural heritage, it is recommended: 

‐ During the drawing up of the documentation for planning on a lower level, the exact position of 

the determined location of the cultural heritage should be established. In case certain 

archeological artifacts are found during the execution of the construction, i.e. material remains 

from a cultural-historic value are found, it is required that the next steps are to be in accordance 

with article 65 from the Law on protection of cultural heritage (Official Gazette of RM, 

186



no.115/07), i.e. to immediately cease the commenced construction activities and to notify the 

authorized Institution for protection of natural heritage, in accordance to article 129 from the 

above mentioned law. 

From the aspect of the tourism, it is recommended: 

‐ The realization of the planned construction and reconstruction of the 110kV transmission line 

TS Skopje1 – TS Tetovo 1, will represent a significant determinant in improving the 

infrastructural conditions in the development of the tourist activity. In accordance to the longterm 

aims, the concept and the criteria for the development and the organization of the tourist 

activity, in relation to the undisrupted development of the total tourist offer for that area, it is 

recommended, that in future organization of the economic activities, the protection criteria for 

the environment and sustainable economic devilment are respected. 

From the aspect of protection and salvage, it is recommended: 

‐ The area subjected to construction and reconstruction of the 110kV transmission line TS 

Skopje 1- TS Tetovo 1, is situated in the zone VIII- IX degrees of the Murkily scale of expected 

earthquakes, which imposes obligatory application of norms and law regulations, by which the 

procedures, conditions and requests for achieving technical, consistent and economically 

sustainable level of seismic protection are proscribed, during the construction of the new 

objects. 

The route where the inter-connective transmission line goes through, is placed in areas with a high level 

of an endangerment from military activities, which imposes obligatory application of measurements for 

protection and salvage. 

187



3. ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE INTENTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT 

188



4. DECISION FOR DETERMINATION OF THE NEED FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE 

PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND EXTENT OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF 

THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 

189



190



191



5. CHECKLIST FOR DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF THE ASSESSMENT STUDY 

192



No. 

A check list in determining the size of EIA: questions regarding the characteristics of the project 

– reconstruction of the 110KV transmission line TS Skopje1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1 

Questions that should be taken 

in consideration in determining 

the size of EIAS 

YES/NO 

Which characteristics for the 

project’s surroundings could be 

affected and in what way? 

Is there a possibility 

the effect could be 

significant? Why? 

1. Will the construction, working on, and closing of the project contain activities that will cause physical changes 

of the location (topography, land usage, changes of water bodies etc.)? 

1.1. Permanent or temporary change 

in the usage of earth surface or to 

the topography and increase in 

intensity of land usage 

1.2. Clearance of existing land, 

vegetation and buildings? 

YES Land usage Change of salty areas / 

YES 

High greenery which cannot 

withstand the transmission line’s 

route 

1.3. Creating new usage for the land? NO / / 

1.4. Preconstruction examinations, for YES Existing local road network during / 

an example, hole excavation, land 

testing? 

possible intersection with the 

transmission line route 

1.5. Construction work? YES / / 

1.6. Demolishing work? NO / / 

1.7. Temporary locations which are 

used in construction, or for 

housing the construction workers? 

1.8 Above ground constructions, earth 

banks which include linear, i.e. 

longitudinal constructions 

(transmission lines, telephone 

lines, railway infrastructure, 

highways), land excavation and 

filling out or excavations for future 

objects? 

1.9. Underground construction that 

include mining activities or tunnel 

construction? 

1.10. Activities surrounding cultivation of 

moorland? 

YES 

YES 

Temporary barrack that in time 

change their surroundings, 

functionally and esthetically 

Plants for the use of the agriculture, 

only during the constructions along 

accessible routes and pillar locations 

NO / / 

NO / / 

1.11. Bulldozer excavations? YES Plants for the use of the agriculture - / 

only during construction 

1.12. Coastal construction, for ex. Sea NO / / 

walls, harbors? 

1.13. Coastal objects? NO / / 

1.14. Manufacturing processes? NO / / 

1.15. Objects purposed for storing 

goods or materials? 

YES Temporary warehouses which 

degrade the land on which they are 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

193



1.16. Fixtures for the treatment and 

removal of solid waste or liquid 

effluents? 

1.17. Objects for permanent housing of 

workers? 

1.18. New terrestrial, rail or sea traffic 

during the construction or 

working? 

1.19. New terrestrial, rail, sea or other 

transport infrastructure including 

new or modified roads, stations, 

harbors and airports? 

temporarily set up 

NO / / 

NO / / 

YES 

YES 

Accessible routes to pillar locations of 

the transmission line represents new 

road traffic/local 

Accessible routes to pillar locations of 

the transmission line represents new 

road traffic/local 

New type of traffic 

dynamics in the 

natural surroundings 

Extending the road, 

transport, 

infrastructural, local 

network 

1.20. Closing or redirecting the existing 

transport roads or infrastructure 

which leads to changes of traffic 

movement 

1.21. New or redirected transmission 

lines or pipe lines? 

1.22. Water occupation, dam 

construction, under water canal, 

regrouping or other changes of the 

hydrology of the water flows or 

aquifers? 

NO / / 

YES New transmission line in the New type of 

surroundings 

infrastructure 

No / / 

1.23. Water flow crossings? NO / / 

1.24. Pumping or water transfers from 

underground or aboveground 

waters? 

NO / / 

1.25. Changes of water bodies or land 

surface that affect the drainage or 

waters? 

1.26. Transport of personnel or 

materials for construction, working 

or closing an object? 

1.27. Long-term demounting or closing 

of the installation or items for the 

purpose of returning to a 

satisfactory state? 

1.28. Ongoing activity during the closing 

that could affect the environment? 

1.29. Flow of people in certain area, 

whether temporary or 

NO / / 

YES 

The surroundings is gained by a new 

road network, and the timely 

organization of the construction site 

partly devastates the location 

NE / / 

NO / / 

YES 

Existing plants for the use of the 

agriculture, temporary, only during 

YES. Because of the 

new accessible roads 

YES, because of the 

permanent flow of 

194



permanently? the construction people during the 

occupancy 

1.30. Bringing in foreign (external) 

types? 

NO / / 

1.31. Losing autochthon species or NO / / 

genetic diversity? 

1.32. Some other activities? NO / / 

2. Will natural resources be used in the construction of the project as for ex. land, water, materials or energy, 

and especially resources that are indispensable or scarce ? 

2.1. Land, especially derelict or arable YES Derelict, as well as arable land partly YES, because of 

land? 

change 

construction of 

accessible roads 

2.2. Water? NO / / 

2.3. Minerals? NO / / 

2.4. Aggregates (sand, gravel, grit) YES / / 

2.5. Forests and trees? YES Clearing the greenery Clearing part of the 

greenery 

2.6. Energies, including electric power YES Atmosphere Pollution from the / 

and fuels? 

mechanization 

2.7. Other resources? No / / 

3. Will the project comprise usage, maintenance, transport, treatment or manufacturing substances or materials 

that could be health hazard to people or to the environment, by which they would cause a concern with real or 

perceptive risks on people’s health? 

3.1. Will the project comprise usage of 

substances or materials that are 

hazardous to human/s health or 

environment (flora, fauna, water 

supply) 

3.2. Will the project result in changes 

with the occurrence of diseases or 

will affect sickness vectors 

(sicknesses that are transmitted 

through insects or water ) 

3.3. Will the project affect the welfare 

of the people, for an ex. through 

change of the living conditions? 

3.4. Are there any specific vulnerable 

groups of people that could be 

affected by the project for ex. sick 

patients, the elderly? 

YES 

Along the route of the TL 

electromagnetic importance- in an 

allowed legal framework 

NO / / 

YES 

Indirect possibility for larger supply of 

electric power 

NO / / 

YES, construction is 

prohibited along the 

route 

Possibility for broader 

and more rapid local 

economic 

development 

3.5. Some other causes? NO / / 

4. Will the project manufacture solid waste during the construction, working on, or closing the installation? 

4.1. Slag or mining waste? NO / / 

195



4.2. Communal waste (households 

waste or commercial waste)? 

4.3. Dangerous or toxic waste 

(including radioactive waste)? 

4.4. Other waste from industrial 

processes? 

YES Communal waste that is transported / 

to local capacities 

NO / / 

YES 

Excess cables etc. during the 

construction that are transported from 

the construction site 

4.5. Excess products? NO / / 

4.6. Waste from sewage or other type 

of waste from the treatment of an 

effluent? 

NO / / 

4.7. Construction site debris or waste NO / / 

from demolishing activities? 

4.8. Excess (redundant) machines or NO / / 

equipment? 

4.9. Contaminated land or other NO / / 

material? 

4.10. Waste from agricultural activities? NO / / 

4.11. Some other solid waste? NO / / 

5. Will the project emit polluting substances or other dangerous, toxic or hazard substances into the air? 

5.1. Emission from the combustion of 

fossil fuels from stationary or 

mobile springs? 

5.2. Emission from the manufacturing 

processes? 

5.3. Emissions from treating materials 

that include maintenance and 

transport? 

5.4. Emission form construction 

activities including the mil and the 

equipment? 

5.5. Dust or odors from treating 

materials including construction 

materials, waste water and waste? 

5.6. Emissions from waste 

incineration? 

5.7. Emissions from burning waste in 

an open space (ex. worn-out 

materials, constructions site 

debris)? 

YES Atmosphere pollution from the 

mechanical activities during the 

construction 

/ 

NO / / 

YES 

Atmosphere pollution from SF6 

switching medium 

YES Atmosphere pollution from 

construction mechanics during the 

construction and maintenance 

/ 

YES Dust deposition during the 

/ 

construction temporarily pollutes the 

surrounding 

NO / / 

NO / / 

5.8. Emission from other sources? NO / / 

6. Will the project cause noise, vibrations, or emission of light, thermal power or electromagnetic emanation? 

6.1. From the operation of the 

equipment, ex. Motors, ventilation 

fixtures, bracers? 

YES 

The noise disturbs the existing 

tranquility / noise in the surroundings 

only during the construction activities 

/ 

/ 

/ 

196



6.2. From industrial or similar 

processes 

6.3. From construction activities or 

demolishing activities? 

NO / / 

The noise disturbs the existing 



6.4. From explosions or piling? NO / / 

6.5. From construction activities or YES The noise disturbs the existing / 

traffic related to work? 



6.6. From lighting or cooling systems? NO / / 

6.7. From sources of electromagnetic YES / / 

emanation (taking in 

consideration the impact on the 

immediate delicate equipment and 

to people? 

6.8. From some other sources? NO / / 

7. Will the project bring risks related to land or water contamination through emission of polluting substances on 

the land or the surface water, coastal water or the sea 

7.1. From the treatment, maintenance, NO / / 

usage or spilling of dangerous or 

toxic materials? 

7.2. From emission of waste water or NO / / 

other effluents (treated or 

untreated ) in the water or on land 

surface? 

7.3. By sedimentation of polluting NO / / 

materials emitted in the air, on the 

land, or in the water? 

7.4. From some other sources? NO / / 

7.5. Is there a risk of a long-term NO / / 

accumulation of polluting materials 

in the natural environment form 

these sources? 

8. Is there a risk of accidents during the construction or working on the project which could influence the 

human’s health or the environment? 

8.1. From explosives, spilling, fires, NO / / 

etc. from maintaining, treatment 

usage or manufacturing toxic 

substances? 

8.2. From events outside the limits of NO / / 

usual protection of the 

environment, for ex. failure of the 

systems for pollution control? 

8.3. From other causes? NO / / 

8.4. Could the project be affected by 

natural disasters that cause 

YES Exposure of the surrounding flora 

and fauna to possible fires 

/ 

/ 

197



damages on the environment (ex, 

floods, earthquakes, land sliding)? 

9. Will the project bring social changes, for ex. in relation to the demography, traditional approach to life, 

employment? 

9.1. Change in size, age, structure of NO / / 

population, social groups etc.? 

9.2. By relocating people, or 

NO / / 

demolishing households, or 

neighborhoods, or objects for ex. 

schools, hospitals, social facilities? 

9.3. By new citizen populating and NO / / 

creating new neighborhoods? 

9.4. By addressing grater petitions to NO / / 

the local facilities or services in 

relation to housing, education, 

health insurance? 

9.5. By creating new employments NO / / 

during the construction or causing 

loss of employments which 

impacts the unemployment and 

the economy in general? 

9.6. Some other causes? NO / / 

10. Are there other factors that should be taken in consideration for ex. the consecutive development which 

could influence the environment or a possibility for cumulative impacts caused by other existing or planned 

activities on the site? 

10.1. Will the project bring some 

pressure to the consecutive 

development which could have 

significant influence on the 

environment, as for example 

greater number of housings, new 

roads, new relief industries or 

facilities? 

10.2. Will the project bring creation of 

relief facilities or bring a 

development caused by the 

project which could have influence 

on the environment, as for 

example: 

- relief infrastructure (roads, 

electric power supply, waste 

treatment or waste water) 

- construction of housings 

- extractive industrial activities 

-supply activities 

- Others? 

YES 

YES 

Urban development of the 

surroundings can be intensified 

Urban development of the 

surroundings could be stimulated for 

the reason of an indirect possibility 

for greater supply of electric power 

Possibility for grater 

are more rapid local 

development 

Possibility for greater 

and faster local 

development 

198



10.3. Will the project bring concern 

about the location after cessation 

of work on the installation which 

could influence the environment? 

10.4. Will the project set up a leading 

case for future occurrences? 

10.5. Will the project have cumulative 

effect because of the closeness of 

other existing or planned projects 

with similar impacts? 

NO / / 

NO / / 

NO / / 

199



6. SITUATION ON THE ROUTE - MAIN PROECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF 110 KV 

TRANSMISSION LINE TS SKOPJE 1 - TS JUGOHROM - TS TETOVO 1 

200



7. SITUATION ON THE ROUTE - SPATIAL PLANNING CONDITIONS FOR DESIGNING OF URBAN 

PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF 110 KV TRANSMISSION LINE TS 

SKOPJE 1 - TS JUGOHROM - TS TETOVO 1 

201

8. TECHNICAL DEMANDS 

Basic data on the transmission line 

Name of the transmission line: 

Nominal voltage: 

Route: 

Starting point: 

Finishing point: 

110kV TL” TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom” 

110kV 

In a certain component the route follows the route 

of the existing 110kV TL no. 104/103/3 TS 

Skopje1- TS Tetovo 1 

Portal TS Skopje 1 from the existing110kV TL no. 

104/103/3 TS Skopje1- TS Tetovo 1 with the 

replacement of the first existing pillar. 

New fore coming portal in TS Jegunovce ( TS 

Jugohrom). 

Conductors: Al/Fe 3 x 240/40 mm 2 

Protective wire with integrated optical fibers: 

Insulator (non-conductor) 

OPGW ASLH-D(S) bb 1 x 24 SMF 

(AL3/A20SA 92/51 – 11,9) 

porcelain bar-like insulator type LG65/22/1270 

and type LG65/22/1270 ER, from the production 

series of “Dalekovod” – Zagreb 

Wired equipment: Zinc-plated under high temperature wired 

equipment from the production series of 

“Dalekovod” – Zagreb 

Pillars: 

Foundations: 

steel- lattice zinc-plated from the production 


reinforced concrete dissected, typical solution of 

the pillar’s manufacturer 

Total number of pillars: 116 

Number of existing integrated tight pillars: 7 

Number of existing integrated supporting pillars: 2 

Number of new projected tight pillars 21



Number of new projected supporting pillars 86 

Transmission line’s length 

31.23km 

Climate parameters: 

According to the project task, the wind pressure of 75 daN/m 2 is adopted, which is in accordance 

with article 10 from the Rulebook on basic height zone of 40metres above the ground. 

According to the project task, the value of the normal winter additional load of 1.6 х 0.18√d daN/m 

is adopted. 

In dimensioning the transmission line, according to the project task the following climate 

parameters are adopted: 

Maximum temperature: + 40 ºС 

Minimum temperature: + 20 ºС 

Wind pressure: 75 daN/m 2 

Normal additional snow and ice load: 

1.6 х 0.18 √d daN/m 

Temperature on which additional load occurs: - 5 ºС 

Adopted climate parameters are in accordance with the Rulebook on technical norms in 

construction of aboveground electro-energetic transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 1kV to 

400kV (Official Gazette no.65/88). 

204



Basic data on the transmission line 

Name of the transmission line: 

Nominal voltage: 

Route: 

Starting point: 

110kV TL” TS Jugohrom 1- TS Tetovo” 

110kV 

The route follows the route of the existing 110kV 

TL TS Jugohrom - TS Tetovo 1 

Portal TS Jugohrom from the existing110kV TL 

no. 104/103/3 with the replacement of the 

concrete pillars with steel grid-like pillars 

Finishing point: Portal in TS Tetovo 1 

Conductors: Al/Fe 3 x 240/40 mm 2 

Protective wire with integrated optical fibers: 

OPGW A20SA 42 – 3,5) 24 fibers 

OPGW ASLH-D(S)bb 1 x 24 SMF 

(AL3/A20SA 92/51 – 11,9) 

Protective wire: Fe III 50 

Insulator (non-conductor) 

porcelain bar-like insulator type LG65/22/1270 

and type LG65/22/1270 ER, from the production 

series of LAPP- Poland 

Wired equipment: zinc-plated under high temperature wired 

equipment from the production series of 

“Dalekovod” – Zagreb 

Pillars: 

Foundations: 

steel- lattice zinc-plated from the production 


reinforced concrete dissinsected, typical solution 

of the pillar’s manufacturer 

Total number of pillars: 71 

Number of existing integrated tight pillars 7 

Number of existing integrated supporting pillars 13 

Number of new projected tight pillars 6 

Number of new projected supporting pillars 45 

Transmission line’s length 

317.33km 

205



Climate parameters: 

According to the project task, the wind pressure of 75 daN/m 2 is adopted, which is in accordance 

with article 10 from the Rulebook on basic height zone of 40metres above the ground. 

According to the project task, the value of the normal winter additional load of 1.6 х 0.18√d daN/m 

is adopted. 

In dimensioning the transmission line, according to the project task, the following climate 

parameters are adopted: 

Maximum temperature: + 40 ºС 

Minimum temperature + 20 ºС 

Wind pressure: 75 daN/m 2 

Normal additional snow and ice load : 1.6 х 0.18 √d daN/m 

Temperature on which additional load occurs: . - 5 ºС 

Adopted climate parameters are in accordance with the Rulebook on technical norms in 

construction of aboveground electro-energetic transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 1kV to 

400kV (Official Gazette no.65/88). 

206



Sheme 

Actual condition 

Future condition 

207



Real situatin on the place 

Actual condition 

Future condition 

208



9. EXCERPT FROM CHAPTER VIII- INTERSECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINES AND THEIR 

APPROACHING OBJECTS, AN EXCERPT FROM THE RULEBOOK ON TECHNICAL NORMS 

IN CONSTRUCTION OF ABOVEGROUND ELECTRO-ENERGETIC TRANSMISSION LINES 

WITH A NOMINAL VOLTAGE OF 1KV TO 400KV 

General provisions 

Article 96 

During the intersection of transmission lines with objects i.e. during the approaching of the 

transmission lines towards objects, the secure height is equal to the secure distance, if a concrete 

value of the safety height is not previously determined. 

Article 97 

The secure heights and the secure distances from article 100 to 224 of this Rulebook refer to 

transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 110kV. 

Article 98 

The secure heights and the secure distances are increased in relation to secure heights and the 

secure distances for a nominal voltage of 110kV by the following parameters: 

‐ For 0.75m for transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 200kV 

‐ For 2.0 m for transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 400kV 

‐ 

Article 99 

The provisions from article 121 to 129, article 148 and article 178 to article 181, of this Rulebook 

are applied even in case the transmission line approaches a highway, arterial road, railway line, 

navigable river or a navigable canal to a distance smaller than the height of the pillar above the 

ground, by which the provisions for the secure height are not applied. 

Inaccessible places 

For inaccessible places (ex. canyon, cliffs, non navigable rivers, swamps and the like) the secure 

height and the secure distance are: 

‐ Secure height ……………………………………………….4.0m 

‐ Secure distance…………….……………………………….3.0m 

‐ 

Places inaccessible to vehicles 

Article 101 

The secure height and secure distance for places inaccessible to vehicles are: 



4. Places accessible for vehicles 

209



Article 102 

The secure height and secure distance for places accessible to vehicles (around 

populated areas, above fields around which there is a country road, above meadows 

and plough fields, above the country roads and forest tracks) are: 



‐ 

9. Populated places 

Article 112 

The secure height for transmission lines in populated places is 7.0m 

The insulation must be electrically reinforced. 

13. Forests and trees 

Article 117 

The secure height for whatever part of a tree trunk is 7.0m 

For transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 110kV and up, the secure distance must be 

sustained in case of trunks falling, by which the secure distance is measures from the 

conductor in an unmoved position. 

14. Regional roads, local roads and roads for industrial objects built as roads for 

general purpose 

Article 118 

The secure height for the transmission line is 7.0m. 

Article 119 

The distance from whichever part of the pillar to the external wayside, by rule, should not be 

less than 10m and in exceptional cases could be decreased to 5m. The insulation must be 

electrically reinforced. The intersection span allows one extension by a conductor or by a 

protective rope. 

Article 120 

The intersection angle of the transmission line and the regional road, by rule, cannot be less 

than 20 0 . For local roads and roads for industrial objects the intersection angle is not limited. 

15. Arterial roads 

Article 121 

The secure height for arterial roads is 7.0m 

Article 122 

210



The horizontal distance from whichever part of the pillar to the external wayside is 20,0m. 

In case the transmission line intersects an arterial road, the distance from whichever part of the 

pillar can be smaller, if thus allowed by local conditions, but by no means less than 10.0m. The 

insulation must be mechanically and electrically reinforced. 

Article 123 

The intersection angle, by rule, cannot be less than 30 0 . 

The intersection span doesn’t allow extension of the conductors or the protective ropes. 

16. Highways 

Article 124 

The secure height for the transmission line is 7.0m 

Article 125 

The distance from whichever part of the pillar to the external wayside of the highway is at least 

40,0. 

In case the transmission line intersects the highway, the distance from whichever part of the 

pillar can be smaller if thus allowed by the land conditions, but by no means less than 10.0m. 

The insulation must be mechanically and electrically reinforced. 

Article 126 

The additional exertion (normative and exceptional) of the conductors and the protective ropes 

decreases by 75% of the values given in table 2 form article 20 of this Rulebook. 

Article 127 


Article 128 

Intersection angle cannot be less than 30 0 . 

Article 129 

During the construction of transmission line paralleling the road, the distance of the 

transmission line to the highway for routes longer than 5km must amount to: 

‐ for transmission lines with a voltage to 35kV – at least 50m 

‐ for transmission lines with a voltage of more than 35kV – at least 100m 

In hill areas or areas with forest areas, the distance from the transmission line to the highway 

can be reduced to 40m. 

17. Populated places 

Article 130 

The secure height in densely populated areas for the transmission line is 7.0m 

211



Article 131 

The insulation must be electrically reinforced and mechanically reinforced at places where it 

intersects streets or roads. 

Article 132 



Article 133 

The intersection span of the transmission lines with roads in densely populated areas doesn’t 

allow extension of the conductors or the protective ropes, and neighboring spans allow only 

one extension for a conductor i.e. protective rope. 

The intersection angle, by rule, cannot be less than 30 0 . 

Article 134 

The horizontal distance of the closest transmission line in unmoved position is less than 5m 

and the insulation must be mechanically and electrically reinforced. 

21. Rafting rivers 

Article 141 

The secure height of the transmission line to the river’s highest water-level which allows rafting, 

is 7.0m. 

The insulation of the transmission line must be electrically reinforced. 

22. Navigable rivers and canals 

Article 142 

The secure height of the highest water-level on which sailing is still possible, by rule is 15.0m 

Article 143 

The horizontal distance from whichever part of the pillar is at least: 

‐ from the coast……………………………………………..10m 

‐ from the foot of the bank………………………………….6m 

The insulation must be mechanically and electrically reinforced. 

Article 144 



Article 145 


212



Article 146 

Intersection angle cannot be less than 30 0 . 

Article 147 

During the construction of transmission line paralleling the navigable rivers and canals, the 

distance of the transmission line from the coast i.e. the bank, on routes longer than 5km cannot 

be less than 50m. 

Article 148 

The provisions from article 143 and 144 of this Rulebook are applied even in cases the 

horizontal distance of unmoved conductor is less than 2.0m for the reason of the wind 

influence on 40 0 C, for transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 110kV form the bank. 

24. Television and radio antennas 

Article 150 

The transmission lines are allowed to go over television and radio antennas if the following 

conditions are met: 

‐ The safety distance is 5.0 m; 

‐ The isolation is mechanically and electrically reinforced; 

‐ The normal strain mustn’t be more than 1/3 from the interrupting (prekinska) strength of the 

conductors and the protective ropes. 

If the intersection span is limited with supporting pillars, the distance has to be checked when 

in the transitory span occurs additional strain of the conductors and the protective ropes. 

The allowed safety height must be 2.0 m. 

Antennas of transmitting and receivers stations 

Article 151 

The transmission line is not allowed to go over transmitters and receivers. 

26. Intersection of a high voltage transmission line with other high voltage transmission 

lines and their mutual approach 

Article 152 

The safety height of the transmission line is 2.4 m and the safety distance is 1.0 m. The 

conditions stipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article have to be met even in case when the upper 

transmission line is additionally strained and the lower is not. 

The regulation from paragraph 2 of this Article also refers to the control of the maximal 

inclination of the conductor in the lower transmission line. The transmission line of higher 

voltage is positioned on higher distance than the transmission line with lower voltage. 

The upper transmission line has to be built with electrically reinforced isolation. 

Article 153 

213



The smallest mutual distance of the conductors of the parallel transmission lines has to be 

equal to the distance D from Article 30 and 32 of this Rulebook. At the greatest inclination of 

the conductor of one transmission line, under the influence of the wind, the mutual distance of 

the conductor has to be controlled not to be lower than the safety distances of higher voltage, 

but not lower than 70 cm, and the conductors of the other transmission line not to be inclined. 

Article 154 

If two or more transmission lines are on different heights on mutual pillars, the pillar with higher 

voltage is positioned over the transmission line with lower voltage. 

27. Intersection of a transmission line with high voltage with a transmission line with 

lower voltage and their mutual approximation 

Article 155 

The crossing of a low voltage transmission line over a high voltage transmission line is not 

allowed. The safety height of the transmission line is 2.5 m and the safety distance is 2.0m. 

The upper transmission line has to built with electrically reinforced isolation. 

Article 156 

Over the low voltage conductors, two mutually grounded safety wires whose mechanical 

strength is at least 1000 daN have to be positionen. 

Article 157 

Placing protective wires over the low voltage transmission lines is not necessary if the following 

conditions are met for the high voltage transmission line: 

- in the intersection span there is electrically reinforced isolation; 

- the normal allowed strain is not over 1/3 of the interrupting strength of the conductors and 

the protective wires; 

- If the intersection span is limited with supporting pillars, the safety height should be 

checked when in the transitory span occurs additional strain, but in the adjacent spans the 

additional strain of the conductors and the protective wires doesn’t occur. The allowed 

safety height in that case is 2m. 

Article 158 

If the conditions from Articles 156 and 157 aren’t met, the low voltage transmission line has to 

be inserted in a cable or to be moved. 

Article 159 

The lowest mutual distance of the conductors of parallel transmission lines has to be equal to 

the distance D from the Articles 30 and 32 from this rulebook. 

At the greatest inclination of the conductors from each other, because of the wind, there has to 

be checked that the mutual distance of the conductors of parallel transmission lines is not less 

than 70 cm, when the conductors of the other transmission line aren’t inclined. 

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Article 160 

If on the mutual pillars there are several transmission lines of different height, the transmission 

lines of high voltage have to be positioned over the low voltage transmission lines. 

The low voltage transmission line has to be equipped with conductors of overvoltage at the 

beginning and the end of the section of the transmission line and at every branch, which is 

positioned on mutual pillars with the low voltage transmission line. 

28. Intersection of above ground electro energetic transmission line with a 

telecommunication line and their mutual approach 

Article 161 

At the intersection spot of the above ground electro energetic transmission line with a 

telecommunication transmission line, the safety distance between the lowest conductor of the 

electro energetic transmission line and the highest conductor of the telecommunication 

transmission line is: 

- for transmission lines with voltage of 400 kV……………………..5.5m; 

- for transmission lines with voltage of 220 kV……………………..4.0 m; 

- for transmission lines from 35 kV to 110 kV………………………3.0 m; 

- for transmission lines from 11 kV to 35 KV……………………….2.5 m. 

Article 162 

At the intersection span of the above ground electro energetic transmission line with 

telecommunication transmission line the isolation has to be mechanically and electrically 

reinforced. 

Article 163 


telecommunication transmission line placing protective wiring over the telecommunication 

transmission line is not allowed. 

Article 164 


telecommunication transmission line lengthening of the conductors i.e. the protective wires is not 

allowed. 

Article 165 

On the pillars of the intersection span of an electro energetic transmission line with 

telecommunication line isn’t allowed neither protruding nor sliding clamps. 

Article 166 

The intersection line of the above ground electro energetic transmission line with 

telecommunication transmission line, by the rule mustn’t be lower than 45º, and as an exception it 

can be lowered up to 30º. 

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Article 167 

If the electro energetic transmission line isn’t equipped with a protective wire, on the pillars of the 

telecommunication transmission lines which are at the end of the intersection span with the above 

ground electro energetic transmission lines, arresters must be positioned and whose grounding 

must have resistance less than 25 Ω. 

Article 168 

In the intersection field of an above ground electro energetic transmission line with 

telecommunication transmission line, the lowest allowed intersections of the conductors and of the 

protective wires are: 

- copper and steel…………………………………..wire 16 mm2 

- aluminum-steel……………………………………wire 25 mm2 

- aluminum and aluminum alloys…………………..wire 35 mm2 

The usage of single wired conductors and protective wires is not allowed. 

Article 169 

The intersection span of an above ground electro energetic transmission line over a 

telecommunication transmission line, by the rule is smaller than the other spans, or the intersection 

pillars are considered for higher calculated span. 

Article 170 

At the intersection spots of the transmission lines, the horizontal distance between the nearest 

conductors of both transmission lines must be equal to the height of the higher pillars, increased for 

3.0 m. 

Upon an aberration from paragraph 1 of this Article, it is allowed horizontal distance equal to the 

safety height from Article 161 from this rulebook, and the isolation of the transmission line must be 

mechanically and technically reinforced. 

Article 171 

When the transmission lines approach in curves, some measures have to be taken to avoid direct 

contact of detached conductors: 

- decrease of the span, so that the detached conductor of the outer transmission line must 

be distanced at least 3.0 m from the closest conductor of the inner transmission line, or 

- reinforced strengthening of the conductors of supporting isolators. 

Article 172 

The provisions from the Articles 170 and 171 from this rulebook are applied to telecommunication 

transmission line on which above ground (aerial) cables are used. 

Article 173 

The telecommunication cables inserted into the ground must be distanced from the electro 

energetic pillars for at least 10.0 m for nominal voltage of 110 kV, 15.0 m for nominal voltage of 220 

kV, and 25.0 m for nominal voltage of 400 kV. 

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If the conditions for the telecommunication transmission lines can not be met from paragraph 1 of 

this Article, it is allowed to be positioned at least 1 m from the pillars of the electro energetic 

transmission lines with nominal voltage of 35 kV. 

Article 174 

The positioning of the telecommunication transmission lines of above ground electro energetic 

transmission lines is not allowed, except in cases if that telecommunication transmission line 

serves for signalization and telecommunication in the electro energetic grids. 

Article 175 

The horizontal distance of the nearest conductor of the electro energetic grid to the 

telecommunication transmission line mustn’t be less than 5.0 m. That condition is not necessary to 

be met if the height difference between the nearest conductors of both transmission lines is at least 

10.0 mm. 

The horizontal distance of the electro energetic transmission line pillar from the nearest conductor 

of the telecommunication transmission line mustn’t be less than 2.0 m. 

Article 176 

If on the intersection place the telecommunication transmission lines are positioned in a cable, the 

horizontal projection of the distance of the nearest conductor of above ground electro energetic 

transmission line from the nearest pillar which is a carrier of the telecommunication transmission 

line, i.e. the derivation of the telecommunication cable, has to be equal to the height of the electro 

energetic transmission line at the intersection place, increased for 3.0 m. 

29. The overcrossing of the transmission of the telecommunication transmission line over 

aboveground electro energetic transmission line 

Article 177 

The overcrossing of the telecommunication transmission line over above ground electro energetic 

transmission line is not allowed. 

33. Gas-lines, oil-lines, steam-lines, etc. 

Article 187 

If gas-lines, oil-lines, steam-lines are positioned above ground the safety distance and the safety 

height of the transmission line is 8.0 m. 

The isolation has to be mechanically and electrically reinforced. 

Article 188 

The safety distance of the transmission line is measured from the gas line, oil line or similar object, 

and from its carrying metal construction. 

Article 189 

The intersection angle of the transmission line mustn’t be smaller than 30º. 

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Article 190 

At the intersection spot of the transmission line and the pipeline, the above ground pipeline must be 

suitably grounded. 

Article 191 

If the transmission line is paralleled with the above ground gas line, oil line or similar object, the 

safety distance of that transmission line mustn’t be lower than the pillar height increased for 3.0 m. 

Upon aberration from paragraph 1 of this Article, a smaller safety distance is allowed only if the 

measures for intersection of electro energetic transmission line with pipeline according to Article 

187 from this rulebook are taken. 

35. Graveyards 

Article 194 

Pillars positioning in graveyards is not allowed. If a transmission line goes over graveyards, the 

isolation has to be mechanically and electrically reinforced on the pillars, in the intersection span. 

38. Railway lines which aren’t projected for electrification with above ground contact 


Article 197 

The smallest allowed intersections of the conductors and of the protective wires in the intersection 

field are: 

- for copper and steel wire……………………………16 mm2 

- for aluminum wire………………………………….....35 mm2 

- for wires made of other materials…………………...25 mm2. 

Article 198 

The greatest strain of the tightness (horizontal component), which occurs the conductor in the 

worst conditions, mustn’t be over 2/3 from the normal allowed strain of the material according to 

Article 20 from this rulebook- on electro magnetic transmission lines with a nominal voltage of 50 

kV, i.e. 85% of the normal allowed tension of the material according to Article 20 from this 

rulebook- on electro energetic transmission lines with nominal voltage bigger than 50 kV. 

Article 199 

In triple normal additional strain, the tension of the conductors at the attaching spot has to be 

controlled not to overcome the exceptionally allowed tension of the material according to Article 20 

from this rulebook. 

Article 200 

In the intersection span of the transmission line the conductors and the protective wires are not 

allowed to be lengthen. 

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Article 201 

In the tension field of intersection the isolation has to be mechanically reinforced. 

Due to reinforced mechanical safety of the supporting isolators, it isn’t allowed positioning of the 

isolators one under the other. 

Article 202 

In the intersection span the isolation has to be electrically reinforced. 

The isolating chains for voltages of 35 kV or more have to be grounded and protected with 

protective reinforcement. 

The provisions from paragraph of this Article do not include the isolation chains on wooden pillars. 

Article 203 

On the supporting pillars of the tension intersection field the usage of protruding clamps is not 

allowed. 

Article 204 

In the intersection tension field three supporting pillars are allowed. 

Article 205 

In the intersection tension field of a transmission line with nominal voltage of 20 kV with a railway 

line as supporting pillars can be used simple wooden pillars impacted in special legs or double 

wooden pillars but turning of the route is not allowed. 

As tension pillars must be used A-pillars or other suitable types of pillars. 

Article 206 

For transmission lines with nominal voltage higher than 20 kV wooden A pillars are also allowed 

only in the first route of the transmission line, and as an exception for turning angle of 5º, but in that 

case the stability has to be checked. As tension pillars must be used the pyramid type pillars or 

other suitable types of pillars. 

Article 207 

In the intersection tension field it is not allowed anchoring transmission line pillars with nominal 

voltage of 20 kV. 

Article 208 

It is not allowed transformer stations and oil contact breakers on the pillars in the intersection span 

of above ground transmission lines and contact breakers at which can occur open electrical current 

bows. 

Article 209 

The intersection tension pillars have to be controlled for normal and additional strain according to 

Articles 67 and 70 from this rulebook and the tension pillars must be controlled for the following 

strains: 

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1) the weight of the pillar, the isolators, the equipment, the conductors and the protective 

wires; 

2) the weight of the additional strain of the conductors and the protective wires; 

3) the tension strength of all the conductors and protective wires in the intersection field, and 

for transmission lines with conductors in cluster- the tension strength of all the conductors 

in cluster and the protective wires in the intersection field. 

Article 210 

On the pillars from the intersection field of above ground transmission line, all the metal parts which 

serve as attachments for the isolators have to be grounded. 

Article 211 

The provisions from Articles 81-84 shall be applied for the resistance of the transmission line 

grounding as well. As an exception from the paragraph 1 of this Article, the resistance of the 

transmission line grounding can be achieved by parallel conjunctions of several groundings through 

protective wires. 

Article 212 

The safety height of the transmission line of the upper edge of the rail has to be 7.0 m. 

Article 213 

If in the tension intersection field there are supporting pillars, the safety heights have to be checked 

implied in Article 161 on the telecommunication transmission lines, and Article 212 from this 

rulebook, if in the intersection additional strain occurs, but in the adjacent spans there isn’t 

additional strain of the conductors and on the protective wires. 

In that case, the safety height can be 1 m lower than the parameters determined in Articles 161 

and 212 in this rulebook. 

Article 214 

The intersection angle mustn’t be smaller than 45º, and as an exception the intersection angle can 

be decreased up to 30º for transmission lines with nominal voltage of 35 kV or more. 

Article 215 

If transmission lines are positioned on station platforms, unloading goods platform or other 

unloading areas, the safety height of the upper edge of the rails on the transmission line mustn’t be 

lower than 12.0 m. 

Article 216 

When transmission line and railway line intersect or approach, the smallest horizontal distance on 

any part of the pillar to the nearest rail line has to be 10.0 m, but as an exception it can be lowered 

to 5.0 m. 

Article 217 

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If a transmission line approach to a railway line in a way where the horizontal distance between the 

nearest conductor and the nearest rail is less than 5.0 m, the measures for protection have to 

taken, which include instructions on how the transmission line has to go over the railway line and 

the safety height. 

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10. EXCERPT FROM THE SP- REGIONALIZATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF THE AREA 

FOR PROTECTION 

222



223



224



11. EXCERPT FROM THE SP - SETTLEMENTS AND TRAFFIC INFRASTRUCTURE 

225



226



12. EXCERPT FROM SP - THE USAGE OF THE LAND 

227



228



13. EXCERPT FROM SP - WATER-SUPPLY AND ENERGETIC INFRASTRUCTURE 

229



230



14. A LIST OF FOREST COMUNITIES - ACCORDING TO FORESTRY-ECONOMIC UNITS 

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Forestry economic unit – Duf – Mazdracha 

Existing plant communities- associations (photosenosis) 

1. Ass. Querco-carpinetum orientalis macedonicum – community of oak, Italian oak and 

white hornbeam 

Trees zone: Quercus pubescens – oak, Italian oak; Carpinus orientalis – white hornbeam; 

Cornus mas – cornel; Fraxinus ornus – black ash; 

Bushes zone: Juniperus oxicedrus; Euohorbia amygdaides; Carex hallernia; 

Low vegetation zone: none 

2. Ass. Querco confertae cerris castanate veska 

3. Ass. Querco confertae cerris – pinetosum nigraeae 

Trees zone: Quercus confertae; Quercus cerris; Pinus nigra, Picea excelsa; 

Bushes zone: 

Low vegetation zone: 

4. Ass. Querco confertae cerris 

Trees zone: Quercus confertae; Quercus cerris; Quercus petraea; Acer campestre; Acer 

obtusatum; Cornus mas; Juniperus comunis; Juniperus oxycedrus 

Bushes zone: Evonymus verucosa; Crategus monegina; Carex brisoides; 

Zone of low vegetation: Campenula glomerata; Dactilus glomerata; Primula acaulis; 

Pteridium aganilinum; 

5. Ass. Orno – Quercetum petraeae - pinetosum nigraeae – community of oak durmast 

and ash 

6. Ass. Festuco heterophyllae Fagetum – community of forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus salvatica; Malus silvestris; Quercetum petraeae; Carpinus betulus; Acer 

pseudoplatanus; Acer platanoides; Ostria carpinifolia; Corilus avelana; Quercus cerris; 

Bushes zone: 

Zone of low vegetation: 

7. Ass. Calimantho grandiflorae – Fagetum – community of forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Populus tremula; Acer platanoides; Betula verucosa; Corilus 

avelana 

Bushes zone: 

Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Viola silvestris; Dentharia bubiphera; Atropa 

beladona; Poa nemoralis; Geranium silvaticum; Vaccinium myrtilus; 

8. Ass. Abieto – fagatum macedonicum – beech and fir community 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Abies alba; Poulus trenula; Acer platanoides 

Bushes zone: 

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Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Viola silvestris; Epilobium montanum; Poa 

nemoralis; Vaccinium myrtilus; Luzula salvatica; Luzula nemoralis; Pteridium aqulinum 

Sar Planina - Bistrica 

Existing plant communities – associations (photocenosis) 

1. Ass. Querco-carpinetum orientalis macedonicum – community of oak, Italian oak and 

durmast 

Trees zone: Quercus pubescens – Italian oak; Ostria carnifolia - durmast; Quercus cerris; 

Fraxinus ornus 

Bushes zone: Juniperus oxicedrus; Cornus mas Crategus monegina; Corylus avelana; 

Zone of low vegetation: Festuca heterophila; Primula oficinalis; Seslera latifolia 

2. Ass. Orno – Quercetum petraeae – зcommunity of oak durmast and ash 

Trees zone: Quercus petraea; Fraxinus ornus; Sorbus torminalis; Acer hyrcanum; 

Carpinus betulus; Fagus moesiaca; 

Buses zone: Cornus mas; Rus coroaria; Rosa arvenis; Evonimus europea; 

Zone of low vegetation: Luzula forestri; Ciclamen neapolitamum; Festuca heterophilia; 

Syphytum bulbosum; 

3. Ass. Festuco heterophyllae – Fagetum – forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Quercus petraea; Carpinus betulus; Acer pseudoplatanus; 

Fraxinus ornus; 

Bushes zone: 

Zone of low vegetation: Primula vulgaris; Stelaria holostea; Dentaria bulbifera; 

4. Ass. Calmantho grandiflorae – Fagetum – forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Quercus petraea; Abies alba; Populus tremula; Picea 

excelsa; Betula verucosa; 

Bushes zone: Sambucus nigra; Taxus bacata; Evonimus latifolia; Daphne mezereum 

Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Anemone nemorosa; Luzula albida 

5. Ass. Fagetum subalinum scadro – community of forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca 

Zone of bushes: 

Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Luzula nemoralis; Dentaria bulbifera; 

Forestry economic unit – Novo selo – Popova Sapka 


1. Ass. Querco-carpinetum orientalis macedonicum – community of oak, durmast and 

Italian oak 

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Trees zone: Quercus pubescens; Carpinus orientalis; Cornus mas; Fraxinus ornus; 

Bushes zone: Colutea arborescens; Pistacia terrebintus; Coronilla emeroides; Evonimus 

verrucosa; 

Zone of low vegetation: Triffolium sp.; Ciclamen neapolitanum 

2. Ass. Quercetum fraineto – cerris 

Trees zone: Quercus confertae – даб плоскач; Quercus cerris - ; Fraxinus ornus; Sorbus 

domestica 

Bushes zone: Cornus mas; Crategus monegina ; Evonimus verrucosa 

Zone of low vegetation: Licnis coronaria; Lathyrus inermis; Dactilis glomerata; Geranium 

sanguineum 

3. Ass. Querco confertae cerris – pinetosum - 

Trees zone: Quercus confertae; Quercus cerris; Pinus silvestris; Pinus nigra 

Bushes zone: Rosa canina; Crategus montegina; 

Zone of low vegetation: Luzula forestri; Festuca heterophilia; 

4. Ass. Orno – Quercetum petraeae – community of oak ash and durmast 

Trees zone: Quercus petraea; Fraxinus ornus; 

Bushes zone: Sorbus torminalis; Acer hyrcamum; Cornus mas; 

Zone of low vegetation: Luzula forestri; Ciclamen neapolitamum; Festuca heterophilia; 

5. Ass. Festuco heterophyllae – Fagetum – community of forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Quercus petraea; Carpinus betulus; Acer hyrcamum; 

Primus avium; Sorbus torminalis; Cornus mas; 

Zone of low vegetation: Festuca heterophilia; Asperula odorata; Geranium sanguineum; 

Melizia uniflora 

6. Ass. Calimantho grandiflorae – Fagetum – community of forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Acer monospesulanum; Populus tremula; 

Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Viola silvestris; Dentharia bubiphera; 

7. Ass. Fagetum subalpinum scadro – beech community 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Acer platinoides; Picea excelsa; 

Zone of low vegetation: Vaccinium myrtilus; Luzula silvatica; Brukentalia spiculifolia; 

Forestry economic unit – Lesok woods 


1. Ass. Festuco heterophyllae – Fagetum – Community of forest beech 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Abies alba; Picea excelsa; Acer pseudoplatanus; Sorbus 

torminalis; 

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Bushes zone: Sambucus racemosa; Daphne mezereum; Daphne laureula; Rhamnus falax; 

Ruscus hipoglosum; 

Zone of low vegetation: Cardamine bulbifera; Asperula odorata; Cardamine trifolie; 

Pulmonaria oficinalis 

2. Ass. Fagetum montanum abietosum – fir and beech community 

Trees zone: Abies alba; Fagus moesiaca; Picea excelsa; Acer pseudoplatanus; Sorbus 

torminalis; 

Bushes zone: Taxus bacata; Daphne mezereum; 

Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Anemone nemrosa; Athyrium filix; Athyrium 

femina; 

3. Ass. Abieto – fagetum macedonicum – fir and beech community 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Abies alba; Picea excelsa; 

Bushes zone: Salix caprea; Sambucus racemosa; Taxus bacata; Rubus ideus; 

Zone of low vegetation: Vaccinium vitis-idea; Vaccinium uliginosum; Dentaria 

enneaphyllos; Calaminta grandiflora; Actea spicata; 

4. Ass. Picea excelsae montanum 

Trees zone: Picea excelsa; Abies alba; Fagus moesiaca; 

Bushes zone: Taxus bacata; Sorbus aucuparia; Salix caprea; 

Low vegetation zone: 

5. Ass. Abieti picetum 

Trees zone : Abies alba; Picea excelsa; Pinus peuce; 

Bushes zone: Fagus moesiaca; Salix caprea; Sambucus racemosa; Rhamnus falax; 


6. Ass. Picea subalpinum – scardo pinidicum 

Trees zone: Picea excelsa; Abies alba; Pinus silvestris, Pinus peuce; 

Bushes zone: Fagus moesiaca; Salix caprea; Sambucus racemosa; Rhamnus falax; 


Forestry economic community- Ljubotenska reka 

Existing plan communities – associations (photocenosis) 

1. Ass. Querco – osrietum carpinifolia – community of oak, durmast and hornbeam 

Trees zone: Quercus petraea – даб горун; Ostria carpinifolia – габер; Fraxinus ornus – 

ash; 

Bushes trees: Cornus mas; Juniperus comunis; Rosa canina; 


2. Ass. Querco arpinetum orientalis 

235



Trees zone : Quercus confertae; Fraxinus ornus; Carpinetum orientalis; 

Bushes zone: Juniperus comunis; Juniperus oxicedrus; Crategus monegina; Buxus 

sempervirens; 

Zone of low vegetation: Primula oficinalis; Luzula forestri; Festuca heterophilia; 

3. Ass. Querco confertae cerris 

Trees zone: Quercus confertae; Quercus cerris; Fraxinus ornus; Ostrya carinofolia; Carpinus 

orientalis 

Bushes zone: Juniperus comunis; Juniperus oxicedrus; Cornus mas; Rosa canina; Corylus 

avelana; 

Zone of low vegetation: Primula oficinalis; Luzula forestri; Festuca heterophilia; 

4. Ass. Orno – Quercetum pertaeae – community of oak durmast and ash 

Trees zone: Quercus petraea; Fraxinus ornus; Fagus moesiaca; Carpinus betulus; 

Bushes zone: Corylus avelana; Cornus mas; Crategus monegina; Rosa canina; 

Zone of low vegetation: Primula oficinalis; Luzula forestri; Festuca heterophilia; Lathirus 

venetus; Melicia uniflora 

5. Ass. Festuco heterophyllae Fagetum – beech comunity 

Trees one: Fagus salvatica; Quercus petraea; Carpinus betulus; Acer platanoides; Primus 

avium; 

Bushes zone: Corylus avelana; Crategus monegina; 

Zone of low vegetation: Primula oficinalis; Luzula alba; Festucavalesiaca; Festuca 

heterophilia; 

6. Ass. Calimantho grandiflorae – Fagetum – forest beech community 

Trees zone: Fagus moesiaca; Poulus trenula; Acer platanoides 

Bushes zone: 

Zone of low vegetation: Asperula odorata; Viola silvestris; Dentaria bulbifera; Atropa 

beladona; Poa nemoralis; Geranium silvaticum; Vaccinium myrtillus 

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Very rare and endangered forest communities in the area of Sar Planina and Tetovo are: ass. Aceri 

heldreichii-Fagetum, and dying out of the forest along the river Pena have been noticed: ass. 

Abieti-Piceetum scardicum. Rarity on this area is Pinus peuce, and the Pinus heldreichii, types 

which exist only in the upper flow of the river Pena. 

Rare and endangered plant communities in Tetovo municipality 8 

Community Location Endangering type 

ass. Abieti-Picetum scardicum Along the flow of the river Pena Forests dehumidifying 

ass. Castanetum sativae 

On the entire territory of the Forest dehumidifying 

macedonicum 


ass. Querco-Carpinetum 

On the entire territory of the Forests fires 

orientalis macedonicum 


ass. Diantho-scardici-Festucetum Sar Planina Limited areal 

8 Source: Biodiversity strategy 

237



15. OVERVIEW OF THE RACER TYPES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) ALONG THE ROUTE 

OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE 

238



Rashce area 

Calathus fuscipes, Calathus ambiguus, Calathus melanocephalus, Anchomenus dorsale, 

Olisthopus glabricollis, Amara lucida, Amara serdicana, Parophonus maculicornis, Harpalus 

pumilus, Ophonus azureus, Ophonus cribricollis, Lebia humeralis, Microlestes maurus, Microlestes 

fissuralis, Cymindis axillaris. 

Endemic types: Amara serdicana. 

SKOPJE REGION 

Cicindela campestris olivieria, Omophron limbatum, Carabus convexus dilatatus, Carabus graecus 

morio, Carabus intricatus intricatus, Notiophilus substriatus, Broscus cephalotes, Trechus 

quadristriatus, Elaphropus haemorrhoidalis, Elaphropus diabrachys bisbimaculatus, Asaphidion 

flavipes, Bembidion quadricolle, Bembidion properans, Bembidion punctulatum, Bembidion 

azurescens, Bembidion quadripustulatum, Bembidion coeruleum, Bembidion femoratum, 

Bembidion elongatum tarsicum, Abax carinatus, Molops robustus parallelus, Molops piceus 

balcanicus, Calathus fuscipes, Calathus ambiguus, Calathus melanocephalus, Agonum afrum, 

Amara similata, Amara aenea, Amara eurynota, Amara lucida, Amara ingenua, Amara fusca, 

Amara bifrons, Amara apricaria, Amara fulva, Zabrus bischoffi, Anisodactylus binotatus, 

Bradycellus collaris, Stenolophus teutonus, Stenolophus discophorus, Egadroma marginata, 

Acupalpus meridianus, Acupalpus parvulus, Acupalpus notatus, Parophonus maculicornis, 

Ophonomimus hirsutulus, Harpalus rubripes, Harpalus serripes, Harpalus pumilus, Harpalus 

anxius, Harpalus fuscipalpis, Harpalus autumnalis, Harpalus affinis, Harpalus distinguendus, 

Ophonus cribricollis, Pachycarus cyaneus, Dixus obscurus, Lebia festiva, Paradromius linearis, 

Syntomus pallipes, Microlestes schroederi, Apristus subaeneus, Cymindis lineata, Brachinus 

crepitans, Brachinus explodens, Brachinus peregrinus, Paussus turcicus. 

Endemic types: Carabus graecus morio, Molops robustus parallelus, Molops piceus balcanicus, 

Zabrus bischoffi, 

IUCN Red List: Carabus intricatus intricatus (LR/nt) 

Radusha area 

Cicindela campestris campestris, Leistus spinibarbis rufipes, Calathus melanocephalus, Olisthopus 

glabricollis, Amara proxima, Amara aenea, Amara anthobia, Zabrus bischoffi, Zabrus balcanicus 

rhodopensis, Harpalus sulphuripes, Harpalus pumilus, Harpalus dimidiatus, Harpalus saxicola, 

Ophonus sabulicola, Ophonus azureus, Ophonus cribricollis, Pachycarus cyaneus, Carterus dama, 

Lebia cruxminor, Lebia humeralis, Cymindis axillaris 

Endemic types: Zabrus bischoffi, Zabrus balcanicus rhodopensis 

239



16. LAW REGULATION ON THE PROCES OF THE IMVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT 

(EIA) 

240



The EIA is based on the regulation from the Law on the Environment (Official Gazette no.53/05), 

and takes the norms from all relevant laws into consideration, notably: 

• Law on the environment (Official Gazette of the RM no. 53.2005) and the Law on 

Amendments and Supplements to the Law on the environment (Official Gazette of the RM 

no. 24/2007 and 159/2008); 

• The provision on determining the projects and the criteria on which the need for conducting 

the procedure for environmental impact assessment is established (Official Gazette of the 

RM no. 74/05 dated 05.09.2005); 

• The Rulebook of expenditure costs for conducting a procedure for the project’s impact 

assessment on the environment reimbursed by the investor (Official Gazette of the RM no. 

33/06 dated 20.03.2006); 

• The Rulebook of the publication content of the announcement for the purpose of 

conducting a project, for the decision on the need for the project’s impact assessment on 

the environment, of the study on the project’s impact assessment on the environment, of 

the adequacy report on the study of the project’s impact assessment on the environment, 

and on the decision by which a consent is given or by which the project is rejected, as well 

as the manner of consulting the public (Official Gazette of the RM no. 33/06 dated 

20.03.2006): 

• The Rulebook of the form, content, the procedure, the manner of making the report on the 

adequacy of the study on project’s assessment on the environment, as well as the 

procedure for authorizing the parties form the experts’ list for the environmental impact 

assessment, which will make this report (Official Gazette of the RM no. 33.06 dated 

20.03.2006 ) 

• The Rulebook of the requirements’ content that the study on the project’s impact 

assessment on the environment should fulfill (Official Gazette of the RM no. 33.06 dated 

20.03.2006 ) 

• The Rulebook of the information that the announcement for the purpose of the project and 

the procedure for establishing the need for the project’s impact assessment on the 

environment should contain (Official Gazette of the RM no. 33.06 dated 20.03.2006); 

• The Rulebook of the report content of the state of the environment (Official Gazette of the 

RM no. 33.06 dated 20.03.2006); 

• The Rulebook of the commission’s representatives and the manner of their work, the 

program and the manner of occupational test examination , reimbursement costs for 

occupational test examination, and the cost for creating and maintaining the experts’ list 

241



and the manner of acquiring and losing the expert status for the project’s assessment on 

the environment, as well as the manner and the procedure on inclusion and exclusion from 

the experts’ list (Official Gazette of the RM no. 93/07 dated 26.07.2007) 

1. Law on waste management (Official Gazette of the RM no. 68/2004, 71/04) and the Law 

on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on waste management (Official Gazette of 

the RM no. 107/07, 102/08 and 134/08); 

2. Law on ambient air quality (Official Gazette of the RM no. 67/2004) and the Law on 

Amendments and Supplements to the Law on ambient air quality (Official Gazette of the 

RM no. 92/07); 

o The Rulebook of the criteria, methods and the procedures for evaluating the 

ambient air quality (Official Gazette of the RM no. 67/04); 

o The provison on limit values of the levels and types of polluting substances in the 

ambient air, and alert thresholds, deadlines for achieving limit values, tolerance 

margins for limit value, target values and long-term values (Official Gazette from 

22.06.2005 

3. Law on nature protection (Official Gazette of the RM no. 67/04) and Law on Amendments 

and Supplements to the Law on nature protection (Official Gazette of the RM no. 14.06 

and 84/07); 

4. Law on animal welfare (Official Gazette of the RM no. 113/07); 

5. Law on plants welfare (Official Gazette of the RM no. 5/98, 06/00); 

6. Law on plants protection (Official Gazette of the RM no. 25/98) and the Law on 

Amendments and Supplements to the Law on plants protection (Official Gazette of the RM 

no. 06/00); 

7. Law on noise protection in the environment (Official Gazette of the RM no. 79/2007); 

o Decision on establishing the cases and the conditions under which the peace of 

the citizen is disrupted by the harmful noise (Official Gazette of the RM no. 

64/93); 

8. Water Law (Official Gazette of the RM no. 87/2007) 

• Provision on water classification (Official Gazette of the RM no. 18/99) ; 

• Provision on categorization of the water flows, lakes, accumulations and 

underground water (Official Gazette of the RM no. 18/99, 71/99); 

242



9. Law on spatial and urban planning (Official Gazette of the RM no. 51/05) and the Law on 

Amendments and Supplements to the Law of spatial and urban planning (Official Gazette 

of the RM no. 137/07); 

10. Law on construction (Official Gazette of the RM no. 51/05) and the Law on Amendments 

and Supplements to the Law on construction (Official Gazette of the RM no. 82/08); 

- Rulebook of the technical norms for construction of the aboveground electro-energetic 

transmission lines with a nominal voltage from 1kV to 400kV (Official Gazette of SFRJ no. 

65/1988) 

11. Law on cultural heritage protection (Official Gazette of the RM no. 20/04 and the Law on 

Amendments and Supplements to the Law on cultural heritage protection (Official Gazette 

of the RM no. 115/07); 

12. Law on protection during work (Official Gazette of the RM no. 13.98) and the Law on 

Amendments and Supplements to the Law on protection during work (Official Gazette of 

the RM no. 33/00 And 29/02); 

13. Law on the energetics (Official Gazette of the RM no. 63/06) and the Law on Amendments 

and Supplements to the Law on the energetics (Official Gazette of the RM no. 36/07 and 

106/08) 

243



Ratified international agreements relevant for the procedures of EIA 

Most relevant international agreements surrounding the exploration process of the project are: 

- The Convention of swamps protection that are of international importance, like the water 

birds habitat ( Ramseur, 1971); 

- Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage (Paris, 

1972); 

- Convention of international trade in endangered species of wild flora and fauna 

(Washington, 1973); 

- Convention on conservation of migratory species of wild animals (Bon, 1979); 

- Convention on conservation of the European wild life and the natural habitats (Bern, 

1979); 

- Basel Convention related to the control on across border pollutants with dangerous waste 

and their lodgment (Basel, 1995); 

- Convention on protection of biological diversity ( Rio de Janeiro, 1992); 

- Convention on information access, public participation in decision-making in environmental 

matters (Arhus, 1998); 

- Convention on trans-boundary environmental impact assessment ( Espoo, 1991); 

- Convention on long-ranged trans-boundary air pollution (Geneva, 1979); 

- Convention for protection of ozone layer ( Vienna, 1985); 

- Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer ( Montreal, 1987); 

- Convention on combat against desertification in countries that face serious draught or 

desertification, especially in Africa ( UN, 2000); 

- United Nations Framework Convention on climate changes (New York 1992); 

- European Convention for the protection of vertebrates used for experimental purposes 

(Strasburg , 1986) 

- European Landscape Convention (Florence, 2000); 

244



17. REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND LITERATURE USED IN PREPARATION OF THE 

STUDY ON IMVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT STUDY (EIAS) 

245



In the study preparation all legal regulation named in the previous paragraph are used.\ 

Additionally, the following literature is used : 

- Spatial Planning of the Republic of Macedonia (Official Gazette of the RM no. 

39/04); 

- Spatial Planning of protection zones of Rasce spring- book 1- Skopje, December 

2002. 

- Decision on the announcement of the Decision on establishing the borders of the 

protection zones of the well area Nerezi- Lepenec – (Official Gazette of the RM 

no.14.99) 

- Conditions in planning the area while preparing the Urban Project for construction 

and reconstruction of the 110kV transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom- TS 

Tetovo 1- Spatial Planning Agency; 

- Basic project for construction and reconstruction of the 110kV transmission line TS 

Skopje 1- TS Jugohrom- TS Tetovo 1-Eurozon ProMontIng, Skopje; 

- Study on environmental impact assessment from the reconstruction of the 110kV 

transmission line TS Skopje 1- TS Tearce-Tehnolab, Skopje; 

- Efficiency in conducting the procedures from project’s impact assessment on the 

environment and the strategic assessment of the impact on planning document on 

the environment in RM – Macedonian Green Centre – Skopje; 

- Study on the state of the biological diversity of RM –First national report- Skopje, 

July, 2003; 

- Rulebook of the technical norms for construction of the aboveground electroenergetic 

transmission lined with a nominal voltage of 1kV to 400kV (Official 

Gazette of SFRJ, no.65/1988); 

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