Annual Report 2005 - Westmead Millennium Institute

Westmead Millennium Institute
for Medical Research
Annual Report 2005

Contents
About Us 2 Chairman’s Report 3 Director’s Report 4
Messages 5 Research Highlights 6 Infection & Immunity 8
Cancer 14 Liver & Metabolic 18 Neuroscience & Vision 20
Cardio-respiratory 24 Funding 27 Organisation Chart 28
Advisory Board and Council of Governors 29 Staff List 30
Publications 36 The Millennium Foundation 40
Founding donors include: Australian Cancer Research Foundation,
The Millennium Foundation, Robert W Storr Estate, University of Sydney,
Staff Specialists of Westmead Hospital
Front Cover: DNA Microarray technology allows us to look at all human genes (over 30,000) at the one time and
determine which are involved in disease. Each dot represents a gene and the colour coding indicates whether it is
more, less or similarly active in a diseased cell compared with a normal cell.

Vision
The Westmead Millennium
Institute will continue to
grow as a world leader
in medical research with
the power to improve
the health of all mankind.
Our Bench to Bedside
philosophy will ensure that
our research outcomes
are rapidly translated into
better prevention
strategies, treatments and
healthcare for all.

About us
The Westmead Millennium Institute is one of the largest
medical research institutes in Australia with over 400
staff pioneering research into a wide range of important
human disorders affecting both adults and children.
Closely affiliated with both Westmead Hospital and the
University of Sydney, research at the Westmead Millennium
Institute extends from the laboratory to the patient.
Our research focus spans infectious and immune diseases;
cancer and leukaemia; mental illness and liver, kidney, eye,
heart and respiratory disease, using the basic tools
of molecular and cell biology, genetics and epidemiology,
imaging technology and clinical research.
In 2005, this unique “Bench to Bedside” approach
was enhanced by re-organisation of the Institute into five
primary research divisions - Infection and Immunity;
Cancer; Liver and Metabolic; Neuroscience and Vision;
and Cardio-respiratory.
This new structure is designed to concentrate our research
efforts into globally important health areas. It promotes
greater collaboration and the sharing of knowledge and
expertise. Finally, it allows greater translation of
research from biomedical discovery to the development
of new diagnostics and more effective treatments and
prevention strategies.
Our ultimate aim is for our research to contribute to better
health for everyone.

Chairman’s Report
In the research field,
success is often judged
by the amount of grant
funding awarded to an
organisation by their
scientific peers. By this
measure Westmead
Millennium Institute is one
of the most successful
medical research
organisations in Australia.
Of course, the value of a research institution cannot be judged in
a purely fiscal manner. The real benefits of medical research come
from innovative scientific discoveries, which are then translated into
tangible health outcomes.
Westmead Millennium Institute (WMI) researchers have had
significant achievements in this regard. Basic research into the
mechanisms of viral and bacterial infection instigated the
development of vaccines for genital herpes and gum disease,
as well as developing protective microbicides against HIV. Research
into pancreatic islet cell transplantation has led to a clinical islet
cell transplant program that can effectively cure juvenile diabetes.
Epidemiological studies into cancer and eye disease have resulted
in earlier diagnosis of melanoma and stroke risk.
In addition to enhancing health outcomes, medical research can
provide value in other ways. Medical research can contribute to
economic growth and prosperity through the development of new
products, new business enterprises and new high skilled jobs.
Frustratingly, the benefits we can bring to the community are
limited by a lack of available research space and infrastructure.
The Institute’s current facilities can not accommodate the
continuing growth in our grant funded research programs.
It is therefore with some urgency that I encourage the NSW
Government to support the NSW Medical Research Strategic Plan.
I would like to acknowledge those who have supported the
Institute this year including The Millennium Foundation Board
and staff, the WMI Advisory Board, Council of Governors, Sydney
West Area Health Service and the University of Sydney.
Finally, I wish to congratulate all WMI researchers and those who
assist them for their remarkable efforts in 2005.
Mr Paul Bell, Chairman, Advisory Board

Director’s Report
This year, Australian research
excellence was recognised
with a major commendation
to exceptional medical
researchers with the awarding
of Australia’s fifth Nobel
Prize for Medicine to Barry
Marshall and Robin Warren
for their groundbreaking
discovery that the bacterium
helicobactus pylori causes
peptic ulcers.
This deserving award highlights the respect granted to Australian
medical research both locally and internationally. We are amongst
the best in the world, and much of that success is upheld by
positive community support and strong partnerships between
hospitals, universities and biomedical research institutes.
Westmead Millennium Institute (WMI) has such a partnership with
Sydney West Area Health Service and the University of Sydney,
and we honour these alliances by including for the first time a
message from our partners in our annual report. This partnership,
and our collaborations with our neighbouring institutions in the
Westmead Research Hub, has underpinned our increasing
success and allowed us to emphasise our translational research
philosophy - lab bench to bedside research.
As with previous years, WMI continued to expand in size,
productivity and research success. WMI received 13 NHMRC
project grants, two ARC Linkage and Discovery Grants, and one
Program Grant led by Prof Rick Kefford for much needed research
into melanoma. This year also saw breast cancer researcher A/Prof
Christine Clarke establishing Australia’s first comprehensive breast
cancer tissue bank in association with other leading researchers
and clinicians from around NSW. Professors Neil Hunter and Nick
Jacques from the Institute for Dental Research also received highly
prestigious funding from the National Institutes of Health USA,
for research into the bacteria causing dental caries.
Our senior professors and research group leaders continue to
attract numerous invitations to present at the leading international
conferences in their disciplines. The success of the younger
generation of researchers within the Institute has also been
recognised through University promotions including Professors
Chris Liddle, Jacob George and Associate Professor Graham Mann.
This year there have been substantial changes in the Institute
with re-organisation into five research divisions of infectious
diseases and immunology, cancer and leukaemia, liver and
metabolic diseases, neuroscience and vision and cardiorespiratory,
and the admission of three large new centres.
Postgraduate students are the lifeblood of most research
institutions, bringing youthful energy and enthusiasm to the
Institute. I am proud to report that over the past five years the
number of research students at WMI has more than doubled.
We now support over 100 PhD, Masters and Honours students
drawn mostly from the University of Sydney, but also from many
other universities around the state.
Despite the high morale and productivity within the Institute we still
face a number of key issues. Our remarkable growth has placed
immense strain on research space and this has impaired
recruitment of senior staff and students. Whilst we are recognised
as being one of the best by our scientific peers, the significant
capital funding required for building expansion cannot be achieved
through competitive peer reviewed grants. The solution depends
upon the support of the State and Commonwealth governments,
universities and private philanthropy. Whilst all groups have
displayed enthusiasm for supporting medical research, much
needs to be done in order to bring New South Wales into line with
Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia. Approval for the NSW
Strategic Plan for Medical Research would provide this much
needed capital funding.
The other great challenge facing the Institute is the effective
translation and commercialisation of its research into
biotechnology. The formation of Biolink, a State commercialisation
enterprise will assist us in educating and supporting our
researchers and we are starting to see the fruits of our recent
efforts to improve commercialisation of research at Westmead.
I would like to thank both the Chairman of our Advisory Board
Mr Paul Bell, and the outgoing President of the The Millennium
Foundation Mr James Wakim, for their admirable work in raising
both support and funds for the Institute. I also wish to thank the
members of both Boards for their efforts and advice throughout
the year.
Finally, I wish to thank my fellow WMI researchers for all their hard
work and congratulate them on their wonderful achievements
throughout 2005.
Professor Tony Cunningham

Messages
From the Chief Executive,
Sydney West Area
Health Service
Medical research is fundamental for ensuring Australian health and
health care services continue to be amongst the best in the world.
From the moment it opened its doors to the public in 1978,
Westmead Hospital has possessed a strong culture of research,
education and evidence-based medicine.
In partnership with Sydney West Area Health Service and the
University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute has grown on
the Westmead Campus to become one of the most successful
institutes in the country. As one of the founders of the Westmead
Research Hub, WMI has also played an important role in driving
the success and growth of medical research in Western Sydney.
The strength of WMI lies in the linkage between research and
clinical medicine - the bench to bedside philosophy. This two-way
interaction allows new discoveries to be rapidly transferred into the
clinic and clinical information to be used to steer research programs.
Ultimately, this means staff at the frontline of our health care
services have access to the most up-to-date diagnostics,
treatments and preventative strategies. Having an internationally
recognised research institute on campus also helps us to attract
the best and brightest health care professionals from around
the world. This, in turn, means better quality of health care to
patients now and in the future.
For these reasons, we will all continue to encourage and support
WMI in their research endeavours.
Professor Steven Boyages
From the Vice Chancellor,
University of Sydney
The University of Sydney has an international reputation for
excellence in medical research. This recognition has, in part, been
due the success and innovation of the Westmead campus.
One of the largest university teaching hospitals in Australia,
Westmead was originally built to model the successful University
campuses of Europe and the USA, closely linking research with
both education and healthcare.
The Westmead Millennium Institute has grown out of this model,
encompassing both basic science and clinical medicine and
emphasising the translation of research into better health
outcomes. Researchers at WMI have made significant advances to
our current medical knowledge, and also contribute strongly to the
future of research through the support and mentoring of students.
I have seen at first-hand the research achievements of WMI, and
its remarkable increase in size and productivity. I was particularly
pleased to see WMI researchers recognised for their efforts in
recent peer-reviewed funding rounds. In particular, the significant
amount of NHMRC funding served to reinforce their position as
one of Australia’s foremost medical research institutes.
As a university of international standing, it is vital that we maintain
our position on the cutting edge of research. Partnerships with
institutes such as WMI have been instrumental in enhancing and
maintaining our profile in the global arena.
The University of Sydney strongly supports medical research at
Westmead and we are proud to partner WMI in their world-class
research endeavours.
Professor Gavin Brown

Research Highlights
Infection and Immunity
Prof Tania Sorrell and her team created a new technique
for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of life-threatening
brain infections. This technique, using Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy, was named by the NHMRC
as one of the ten best NHMRC-funded health and
medical research successes.
The Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology,
in collaboration with investigators from the Cancer
division, Westmead Hospital, the National Centre for
Immunisation Research and Surveillance and the
Universities of Sydney, NSW and Western Sydney were
awarded a 5 year NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence grant to improve outcomes in
immunosuppressed haematology patients.
Significant advances were made by virus researchers into
unravelling the molecular structure of the herpes simplex
virus as well as the understanding of the interactions
between HIV, herpes and varicella zoster viruses and the
human nervous and immune systems. Researchers from
the Centre for Virus Research commenced studies on
their National Institutes of Health funded program grant (in
collaboration with the Burnet Institute) directed towards
developing vaccines and preventative strategies for the
potentially fatal viral diseases HIV and herpes.
Studies are underway to test the efficacy of
antimicrobial adducts in the treatment and prevention of
common periodontal disease.
WMI researchers were part of the International Multiple
Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, which in 2005
completed the most comprehensive study of genes
linked to MS to date.
The transplantation and renal group continued their
ground-breaking work in pancreatic islet cell
transplantation and the investigation of alternative
sources of islet cells for treatment of Type 1 diabetes.
This is the first and only centre in Australia to have
successfully developed a clinical islet cell transplant
program. Prof David Harris and his team received a
highly competitive three-year research grant from
Johnson & Johnson Research to examine the potential
of using genetically modified regulatory macrophages
as a novel treatment for chronic kidney disease.
Cancer
The NSW Breast Cancer Tissue Bank was established
by A/Prof Christine Clarke, Dr Rosemary Balleine and a
consortium of senior cancer researchers, clinicians and
healthcare professionals from around Australia.
Melanoma researchers were recognised by significant
funding successes in 2005 with Prof Rick Kefford,
A/Prof Graham Mann and colleagues from the Sydney
Melanoma Unit awarded prestigious program grants
from both NHMRC and the Cancer Institute NSW.
Crown Princess Mary of Denmark made a special visit
to WMI in early 2005, hosted by major supporter, the
Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF). The
Crown Princess is interested in melanoma research as
an increasingly important public health problem in her
adopted country. ACRF also awarded a $1million grant
towards new cancer laboratories to the Westmead
Institute for Cancer Research.
A new mechanism for changes in DNA repair elicited by
a mutated BRCA1 gene in breast cancer was outlined
by the Gene Expression group. Research by the Familial
Cancer group successfully directed improved screening
for women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations.
Investigations into the gene p14ARF indicated a
potential new treatment target for chemotherapyresistant
melanoma tumours.

Liver and Metabolic
The NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence
in Liver Disease has successfully recruited over three
hundred and fifty subjects for their clinical projects into
early detection and screening for liver cancer and
lifestyle intervention for patients with early stages
of liver disease. These ground breaking studies are
expected to provide new insights on the efficacy of
screening for liver cancer in Australia, to improve
treatment algorithms for these individuals and to
improve the long term outcomes for patients with
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Researchers from the Storr Liver Unit began work on
their NHMRC funded research program into the
molecular and cellular basis of common liver diseases
including hepatitis C, hepatic fibrosis and non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), the outcomes of which are
expected to improve our knowledge of the
pathogenesis of liver injury.
Researchers from the Unit published the first book on
non alcoholic fatty liver disease, the commonest cause
for liver damage in developed nations.
Research focused on bile acid metabolism and
elimination has defined additional drug targets for the
treatment of cholestatic liver diseases and
demonstrated that different treatment approaches are
required depending on the severity of obstruction to bile
flow. This work, done in collaboration with the Salk
Institute, has yielded high impact publications in
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.
Neuroscience and Vision
Analysis of retinal photographs taken as part of the
renowned Blue Mountains Eye Study identified links
between retinal microcirculation changes and systemic
vascular diseases including stroke.
Researchers on the Sydney Myopia Study completed
assessments of the prevalence of myopia and other
visual impairments in children aged 6-12 and
demonstrated that levels of myopia were much
lower than previously thought. Funding was received
in 2005 to extend this research to young children from
birth to five years.
Ground-breaking gamma phase synchrony (brain
imaging) research demonstrated for the first time the
brain disconnections associated with first episode
psychosis and the onset of schizophrenia.
Demonstration of a clear and early separation between
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, highlighting the
importance of early diagnosis and treatment in young
people with psychosis.
The awarding of a significant ARC-linkage grant resulted
in a novel collaboration between the Brain Dynamics
Centre and the Universities of Sydney and NSW linking
brain imaging with genetics. This will allow the
identification of disease polymorphisms, integration of
disease phenotypes with genotypes and prediction of
response to treatment.
Cardio-respiratory
The Ludwig Engel Centre continued their world leading
studies into sleep disordered breathing with new
projects established into the genetic basis of
obstructive sleep apnoea and the identification of
intermediate phenotypes.
A new NHMRC funded project was established into
improving the mapping procedures to determine the
underlying mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias. An
ARC funded collaboration with the University of
Technology began to investigate alternative energy
sources for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms.

Infection & Immunity
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
Centre for Virus Research
Centre for Transplant and Renal Research
Institute of Dental Research
Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research
The Infection and Immunity division are investigating serious
infectious diseases and pathogens, oral infection, organ
transplantation, autoimmunity and other immune disorders.
Research concentrates on basic biological discoveries
and the translation of these discoveries into new techniques,
treatments, diagnostics and vaccines.

Centre for Infectious Diseases
and Microbiology (CIDM)
Fungal pathogenesis and evolution
The fungal pathogenesis group discovered novel domains (“rafts”) in
the membrane of Cryptococcus that act to concentrate an enzyme
called phospholipase B (PLB). PLB is a key virulence factor
responsible for dissemination of cryptococcal infection (resulting in
serious brain infection and meningitis) in the host. The molecular
mycology group has produced further information on the evolution
of fungi within the Cryptococcus complex. In collaboration with
researchers in the Netherlands, it has been demonstrated that
Cryptococcus gattii is likely to have originated in Australia before
evolving and spreading via the old world to Canada, where it caused
a large and serious disease outbreak. Future plans for these groups
include expanding investigations of fungal lipid and phospholipid
biosynthetic pathways using Cryptococcus neoformans as a model,
to understand the biology of this fungus as a possible target for
antifungal drug development and to continue our international
collaborations on the molecular genetics of the cryptococcal species
complex to better understand fungal evolution and phylogeny.
Antifungal drug development
This project involves a collaboration between CIDM Biomed and Dr
Kate Jolliffe, of the Department of Chemistry, University of Sydney.
Three families of potential antifungal drugs have been identified and
synthesised, structure-function and toxicity studies are underway
and one family of compounds, which inhibit fungal PLB, has been
patented to date. A fruitful collaboration with a commercial company
to test synthetic derivatives of one of the lead compounds,
miltefosine, has been established. In 2006, a new NHMRC project
grant will enable this group to continue to synthesise new
compounds with improved activity and reduced toxicity in order to
improve outcomes for patients with serious fungal infections.
Bacterial pathogenesis
This group aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of bacteria including
Bartonella, a unique organism that is common in stray cats but can
also infect humans. Researchers established an artificial insect
vector colony (in collaboration with Dept Medical Entomology and
UK researchers) and examined the Bartonella virulence
requirements for wild-type infections in insect, feline, and human
hosts. In collaboration with overseas partners they developed new
insights into the unique intracellular trafficking and survival of
Bartonellae in phagocytes and identified new virulence factors. This
group will continue to explore the genetic basis for virulence,
resistance and gene transmission in model Gram-negative bacteria,
with a view to modelling the evolution of populations in real time
and predicting their behaviour under selection pressure.
Considerable preliminary work has been completed and will form
the basis for NHMRC and NIH applications in 2006.
Novel nucleic-acid based diagnostics
The discovery of the genetic basis for extreme antibiotic resistance
in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have led to
development of new tests which are ready to apply in the critical
care setting. This includes an integrated multicentre study of the
impact of rapid diagnostics on prescribing (ANZIC foundation grant
October 2005) and the development of a new system to rapidly
identify and quantify multiple simultaneous microbial targets,
including influenza virus, funded as urgent research by the NHMRC
in December 2005.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy
The great potential of this method of diagnosis based on
biochemical profiles was confirmed in human and animal model
studies of meningitis. Further studies have shown that NMR
spectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective high throughput platform
that could be used in a microbiology laboratory for identification of
fungal species and potentially, for faster antifungal susceptibility
testing. The work achieved an invited presentation and was well
received at the prestigious Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial
Agents and Chemotherapy in Washington DC, in December 2005.
The potential of NMR spectroscopy and multiplexed real-time
genetic methodology in infectious diseases diagnosis and in the
microbiology laboratory will be investigated in 2006 as a means of
rapid and accurate diagnosis that could lead to early therapy and
improved outcomes.
Antibiotic resistance and alternative
antibiotic strategies
Antibiotic resistance in hospitals is associated with enormous
economic costs and loss of life. Amplification of this problem
particularly occurs in the critically ill populations such as ICU. In
2005 this group established a unique study into the effects of
antibiotic cycling on resistance in the microflora in two major
Australian ICUs. They also developed rapid detection methods for
infection control screening that are suitable for automated
diagnostic platforms. Researchers identified the genetic basis and
transmissibility characteristics for emergent carbapenem resistance
in Gram-negative bacteria in Australia, which have been published
in international journals and presented at premier national and
international conferences. In collaboration with other Sydney
researchers, preliminary investigations have also begun into the
testing of quorum-sensing inhibitors in invasive ICU devices
(AusIndustry IPIC grant), the microbiology of human probiotic
formulations (through to the final round of AusIndustry grant
process), and the antibacterial activities of ion channel inhibitors for
resistant CF pathogens (developmental stages). Modelling of
bacterial population evolution under selection pressure and the
impact of real-time diagnostics in the critically ill will be a primary
focus in the future.

NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence to improve outcomes in
immuno-suppressed haematology patients
This prestigious 5-year grant was awarded to CIDM in collaboration
with the Haematology Department of Westmead Hospital, the
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance and
research groups from the Universities of Sydney, New South Wales
and Western Sydney. In the first year projects in prevention,
diagnostics and ethical issues have been initiated, and five PhD
students will be in place in 2006. Involving infectious diseases,
haematology and ethics research, this centre aims are to improve
outcomes in immuno-suppressed haematology patients and
provide multidisciplinary research training in these areas.
Centre for Virus Research
Herpes simplex virus immunology
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection causing primarily cold sore
and genital herpes are widespread in the Australian community,
with an estimated 60-80% of adults infected with HSV-1 and 10-
20% infected with HSV-2. Our group focuses on two main areas:
examining the interaction of HSV and specialized immune cells
such as dendritic cells (DC) and T cells and determining protein
targets for T cells directed against virus-infected cells. In the past
year, we have extended our efforts in mapping out the mechanisms
of HSV interference with DC, the key cell type responsible for
alerting the immune system to act against the impending infection.
In addition, we have been defining peptide antigens for CD4 T cells
which have a pivotal role in HSV infection, aiming to improve
present genital herpes vaccine candidates.
Herpes simplex protein interaction
The work of this group involves elucidating the way in which herpes
simplex virus assembles and moves within human nerve cells.
Understanding such biological processes will allow development of
new antiviral drugs as well as a novel viral gene therapy vector for
treatment of various neurological disorders. This group has
published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry an article defining
one possible way in which the virus moves along human nerve
cells. This movement depends on an interaction between a herpes
viral protein VP26 and a cellular molecular motor dynein. This now
paves the way for development of a minimal gene delivery vector
based on the herpes viral protein VP26.
HIV protein functions and interactions
The primary goal of this group is to understand the function of
several HIV proteins on a molecular level, with the long term aim of
identifying novel antiviral therapeutics. Research projects include
the elucidation of nuclear import of the HIV pre-integration complex
(PIC) in collaboration with Prof David Jans at Monash University,
understanding the role and function of Vpr isolated from AIDS
patients and in AIDS pathogenesis, investigation of the role of the
cytoplasmic tail of the HIV glycoprotein 41, and determining the role
of methylation in HIV replication in collaboration with Dr. David
Harrich at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research. During
2005, members of this group attended several national meetings
and presented virology lectures at the University of Sydney. Group
Leader, Dr Sabine Piller, was invited to be the guest editor for a
special issue of Current Drug Targets to be published in 2006.
HIV molecular pathogenesis
This group aims to understand the very early interactions of the HIV
virus with host cells of the body, predominantly human dendritic cells
(DCs). These are likely to be one of the first cells to come into
contact with HIV within the genital tract. In 2005, this group
published the importance of the C type lectin receptors (CLRs), a
family of receptors found on the surface of the DCs that HIV uses to
bind to and gain entry into the cell. They also developed a model
cell which mimics Langerhan cells in the skin and vaginal mucosa
creating a very useful tool for future studies. Additionally researchers
described both infection rates within these cell populations and
examined the kinetics of virus degradation and dissemination.
As a result of this research this group is targeting the CLRs on the
various DC populations to develop novel strategies to interfere with
this mechanism using either soluble receptors as decoys binding to
the virus and/or by direct antagonism of the HIV binding receptors
using small molecules. Initial studies indicate that if we can prevent
infection, we can reduce or even prevent viral trafficking at a very
early stage of infection. In parallel this group continues to search for
other novel HIV binding receptors as potential drug targets and
maintain research examining global gene changes that HIV induces
on the host cell using DNA microarray technology. Such studies give
insights as to how HIV infection subverts the host cell and impairs
the function of the immune system.
Retroviral genetics
The Retroviral Genetics Laboratory is working on several key areas
of HIV pathogenesis and diagnostics. Firstly, they are focussing on
mechanisms of HIV disease progression and factors influencing the
natural control of HIV in a subset of HIV-infected individuals who
survive for several years without antiretroviral treatment. The main
goal is to identify the innate immune factors conferring advantage to
host survival and also to define how some of the innate factors,
such as CD8 antiviral factors, deteriorate during treatment and its
implications in anti-HIV treatment. Secondly, this group is studying
how HIV-1 strains interact with each other to generate additive and
synergistic effects and form fitter HIV variants. These studies may
explain how recombination in HIV strains provides advantage in
favour of virulence, transmission and efficient dispersal. Thirdly, they
are characterizing molecular traits of viruses from the brain of HIVinfected
individuals with and without dementia. Identification of these
traits may define neurotropism of HIV, which plays a significant role
in HIV dementia. The lab is also actively engaged in studying and
developing diagnostic tools for the detection of viruses such as
SARS, avian influenza and HIV, using new technologies.

Viral immunobiology and apoptosis
Specialized white blood cells (lymphocytes) have an amazing
capacity to expand in number in order to counter a virus infection,
and then to contract, after the resolution of the infection. The critical
control factors that regulate these processes are the focus of this
group’s research. Understanding what regulates expansion and
contraction within the immune system is vital for the design of
vaccines, for using cells for immunotherapy treatments, and for
developing therapies for autoimmune disorders such as lupus, MS
and arthritis. This group has discovered a key role for deathinducing
cytokines (Tumour Necrosis Factor, TRAIL and Fas Ligand)
in controlling these processes, and simultaneously identified a new
mechanism of how viruses like Smallpox control these processes
through the production of a viral death-receptor homologue.
Cytomegalovirus research
The research program of this group focuses on determining the
molecular mechanisms underlying infection and disease caused by
human cytomegalovirus (CMV). They aim to provide a much better
understanding of how CMV functions in order to provide a rational
basis for the development of therapies to limit the serious
consequences of CMV disease in transplant recipients. This virus is
a member of the Herpesvirus family of viruses that infects most of
the population. Although disease in healthy individuals is usually
mild, CMV causes very serious, sometimes fatal disease in
immunocompromised individuals such as bone marrow and solid
organ transplant recipients. CMV is also the leading infectious
disease cause of serious disease in neonates, including
neurological damage such as deafness and mental retardation. The
CMV Research Group is currently identifying viral genes expressed
during the different phases of infection to determine how CMV
functions to facilitate disease. This work has led to a number of
publications in prestigious international journals and the awarding of
a number of highly competitive NHMRC grants (both project and
program grant funding).
Varicella zoster virus
The varicella zoster virus (VZV) research lab focuses on many
aspects of the immunobiology and pathogenesis of VZV.
Researchers work with a human herpesvirus which infects up to
90% of the population and causes chickenpox (varicella)
predominantly in childhood and shingles (herpes zoster) in middle
to old age people. Whilst VZV usually causes relatively mild disease
in healthy individuals, VZV still causes significant morbidity in
children and adults. VZV causes life-threatening disease in
immunocompromised individuals such as patients who are elderly
or have HIV disease. Herpes zoster affects many elderly individuals
and a major complication is prolonged severe pain or post-herpetic
neuralgia (PHN), both severely debilitating and which often requires
follow-up medical care for months or years after the initial attack.
Despite its significant impact on the community, little is known
about the molecular details of how this virus functions. The VZV
research lab with NHMRC project grant funding and international
collaborators aim to improve our understanding of how VZV
infection affects specialised human cells in order to make further
advances in antiviral therapies as well as improve vaccine design
for the treatment or prevention of VZV disease and the crippling
complication of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN).
NHMRC Program Grant in viral infections of
global importance
This program grant consists of a consortium of biomedical
researchers from the Westmead Millennium Institute, Burnet
Institute, the University of New South Wales and Alfred Hospital to
study basic aspects of HIV and Herpesvirus biology ultimately
aimed at developing new therapies, diagnostics and vaccines. The
six chief investigators in Sydney and Melbourne bring together a
group of over 40 investigators and postgraduate students.
Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis
Virology Research (ACH2)
The Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis Virology Research is
funded by the Population Health Division of the Commonwealth
Department of Health for the purpose of translating biomedical
research in HIV and Hepatitis C into healthcare and biotechnology
outcomes, filling a niche of early proof of concept funding. The
second aim is to provide laboratory support in virology and
immunology for clinical research in HIV and Hepatitis C in Australia.
Success is measured by patents, healthcare initiatives,
commercialisation agreements and NHMRC Development and
ARC Linkage Grants. The Directorate of the Centre is based at the
Westmead Millennium Institute but collaborates closely with the
Burnet Institute in Melbourne. It disperses over $2 million annually
to researchers in virology and immunology around Australia.
Centre for Transplant and
Renal Research
NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence in Renal Medicine and Pancreatic
Islet Cell Transplantation
Currently this unit is the first and only centre in Australia to have
successfully developed a clinical pancreatic islet cell transplant
program. This has resulted from a decade of pancreatic islet cell
transplant research which has allowed us to develop the
techniques necessary to isolate quality islets for clinical use. It is
a true indication of our bench-to-bedside research philosophy.
The initial pilot trial involved six patients that had severe metabolic
complications from their diabetes. Five of the six had marked
improved metabolic outcomes after successful pancreatic islet
transplantation and three patients no longer required insulin
injections for periods of time. Two of the patients remained off
insulin injections for more than two years. This initial success
resulted in the Federal Government allocating more than $30million

to Type I diabetes research in the country. A large proportion of
this has been dedicated to a formal clinical trial of pancreatic islet
cell transplantations. Our unit has submitted an ambitious
proposal to further our studies in this area.
Pancreatic Islet Xenotransplantation Research
Currently pancreatic islet cell transplantation is the only known cure
for Type I diabetes. If this therapy is to become more effective and
more wide spread it will be necessary to find an alternative source
of insulin producing cells. In collaboration with researchers in
Melbourne and Adelaide we are investigating the use of pig
pancreatic islet cells for future transplantation in human patients.
Our current research is focused on understanding the mechanisms
of early islet cell loss. This appears to be due to a combination of
clotting and early cellular rejection. Our data would suggest that
producing pigs whose islet cells express several human proteins
that regulate clotting and rejection may be sufficient to allow this
tissue to be used safely in patients. This information has been used
to develop a new line of pigs that have been genetically modified
so that they may be better suited to clinical transplantation.
Australia is the world leader in pig transgenesis and this ambitious
collaborative project between four research institutes is making
substantial progress in the development of pig islet cell
xenotransplantation.
Transplantation Immunity and Tolerance
The aim of this group is to better understand the mechanisms of
rejection of pancreatic islet xenografts and to develop novel
strategies for suppressing this immune response. The group has
made several novel findings in understanding the role macrophages
play in the rejection of pig islet grafts. In particular we have shown
that macrophages have surprisingly specific and sophisticated
recognition response for identifying pig tissue. At present work in
this area is focusing on understanding the molecular mechanisms
responsible for this recognition. In particular we have focused on a
group of macrophage receptors called toll receptors and have
found that they have an important role in regulating macrophage
recognition of pig tissue. The group is also investigating novel
strategies to induce tolerance to transplanted islet tissue and to
further reduce the requirement for long-term immunosuppression.
In particular they are focusing on the role of a regulatory T cell
called CD4CD25+ T cells. They have found that these cells are
capable of inducing tolerance to islet allografts and have begun
investigating their role in maintaining tolerance to pig islet cells.
The ultimate aim is to develop a cell based therapy which can be
used to suppress rejection and reduce requirements for
immunosuppression.
Chronic Allograft Nephropathy Research
The aim of this group is to increase our knowledge about the
mechanisms for the long-term loss of renal transplants. Current
treatment strategies are very good at preventing acute cellular
rejection but over time renal transplants are still lost to a complex
process known as Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. The group has
been at the forefront of this research internationally and by studying
protocol biopsies has identified several novel factors responsible for
this chronic graft loss. The focus of the group now is to understand
the molecular mechanisms responsible for this loss and to identify
important factors that promote this molecular ‘footprint’.
This investigation is done by using genomics or gene chips which
allows us to study the role of thousands of genes from renal
transplant biopsy specimens that have been taken at designated
time points. Preliminary findings suggest that these genes are
upregulated quite early after transplantation and their activation is
maintained over time. The ultimate aim is to identify a genetic
footprint that would identify patients at increased risk of chronic
allograft nephropathy. Ultimately it could be used to monitor the
effect of novel therapies used to treat this condition.
Renal Failure Research
The aim of this group is to increase knowledge about the role of
tubular interstitial injury in kidney damage and to define new
treatment strategies for progressive chronic renal disease. In
particular, our experiments concentrate on investigating how
different inflammatory molecules and cells interact with the renal
interstitium in human and animal models, with a view to developing
a DNA vaccination against these molecules as an innovative
therapeutic strategy. In collaboration with other research centres,
the IDEAL (Initating Dialysis Early and Late) trial aims to determine
the ideal time to commence dialysis for end-stage renal disease,
and is progressing well with 90% of the patients required recruited
to the study.
Kidney Regeneration Group
This group is investigating the role of cell cycle regulatory proteins
and other intracellular signal transduction pathways in mediating
kidney tubular epithelial cell growth and atrophy. The longterm
goal is to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct abnormal
tissue growth and regeneration in chronic kidney disease.
Institute of Dental Research
Proteomics and structural genomics of
oral pathogens
Researchers at the Institute of Dental Research have completed a
comprehensive study of the proteomes of the oral pathogen
Streptococcus mutans and the commensal Streptococcus gordonii
under planktonic and biofilm growth conditions. Several candidate
proteins have been identified and implicated in the growth of

streptococcal biofilms. They are now targeting these specific
proteins that are differentially expressed in these conditions with a
view to controlling this pathogenic organism that is strongly
implicated in the initiation of dental caries. In conjunction with the
biofilm studies of S.gordonii, researchers are also investigating the
growth and nutritional requirements of this bacterium when it acts
as a pathogen in the disease infective endocarditis. Using a
structural genomics approach, the objective is to design specific
inhibitors as adjuncts in therapy.
Polymicrobial aetiology of caries progression
A molecular phylogeny approach was combined with real-time
PCR estimation to define the consortia that extend the carious
lesion in dentine. Recent data obtained by in situ hybridisation
analysis on tissue sections has indicated that in contrast to the
anaerobic organisms that predominate in the consortia within
carious dentine, oxygen tolerant organisms appear to lead the final
phase of invasion of the vital dental pulp. This work is providing an
objective basis for the development of diagnostic indicators and of
enhanced therapeutic protocols for the management of this
common disease process.
Targeted control of oral pathogens
Investigation has demonstrated that the bacterium causing
periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis is susceptible to
antimicrobial adducts designed to exploit the unique binding
characteristics of the porphyrin receptor HA2. In 2006, these
adducts will be tested for efficacy as selective topical agents in the
elimination of this organism. The objectives are to develop agents
that serve as adjuncts to therapy of periodontal disease and as
tools to break the cycle of transmission. Additionally, the cysteine
proteinase-haemagglutinin complexes of P. gingivalis were
demonstrated to exert powerful modulating action on local
immunity and researchers are now attempting to dissect the
mechanism of action. Oral bacteria initiate cross-reactive autoantibody
responses to epithelial cells. One of the antigens identified
is CD24. Ligation of this heavily glycosylated receptor powerfully
regulates the expression of epithelial differentiation genes, a
property that could explain the poorly structured lining epithelium
that is considered to critically mediate disease.
Determinants of oral infection in high-risk
Aboriginal communities
Bacteria of the class Bacteroides were determined to be dominant
soft tissue pathogens. Using a molecular approach the maternal
load of key pathogens was shown to predict early colonisation of
infants with the potential to confer life-long susceptibility. This data
will underpin strategies to break this cycle of disease by preventing
transmission to infants.
Institute for Immunology and
Allergy Research
Immunogenetic research into
multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects over
15,000 people in Australia alone. Whilst the trigger of MS is
unknown, studies indicate that genetic factors may make certain
individuals more susceptible to the disease. The research of this
group concentrates on identifying these genetic differences and
using this knowledge to create more effective prevention and
treatment. In 2005, the MS group continued development of a
new angle for the treatment of multiple sclerosis which we had
patented last year, as well as providing an antibody testing service to
ensure MS patients are receiving the best and most appropriate
treatment for their disease type. Discovering the genetic factors of
MS requires large scale experiments involving sizable numbers of
patients and our research team are members of the largest genetic
linkage study into MS in the world. This year the International
Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium completed the most
comprehensive study of genes linked to MS to date. Host immune
genes affecting MS may affect development of other diseases, and
discoveries of genetic variation from MS work are now being applied
to studies on hepatitis C in collaboration with the Storr Liver Unit.
Molecular genetics of atopic dermatitis
(eczema) and asthma
The research program investigating the genetic basis of allergic
disorders was established in late 2001. Since then, researchers
have focussed on establishing a large cohort of children with severe
atopic dermatitis (eczema) to help identify genetic variants in genes
that are involved in this and other allergic disorders such as
asthma. In this regard, this group has successfully identified several
genes that are important in controlling how the immune system
works in allergic individuals. This has resulted in publications in
international journals and the awarding of an NHMRC Project Grant
to Dr. Graham Jones and collaborators at the Garvan and
Queensland Institute for Medical Research. Although the
recruitment of allergic children and adults for genetic studies is
ongoing, a significant component of the research will now seek to
better understand how the genes we have identified control the
immune system and how small genetic differences (called single
nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) between healthy and allergic
individuals change the way these genes are activated and work.
Researchers hope that by using the tools of cell biology and
genetics they can uncover new insights into what goes wrong in
the immune system of allergic individuals and how this might
be corrected.

Cancer
Westmead Institute for Cancer Research
The Westmead Institute for Cancer Research aims to
conduct research into the molecular and cellular basis of
human cancer and leukaemia to improve the prevention,
treatment and cure of these devastating diseases.

Breast cancer research
The Breast Cancer Research Group is investigating the role of
oestrogen and progesterone in the development of the normal
breast and in breast cancer. These hormones are fundamental
regulators of normal cell growth and differentiation, and are also
crucial to the development and progression of breast cancer.
Progesterone has a pivotal role in normal female reproduction in the
uterus, ovary, mammary gland and brain. This group has previously
identified a change in expression of two forms of the progesterone
receptor, PRA and PRB, in cancer. Work in 2005 has focussed on
further identifying the cellular consequences of this change. Gene
expression profiles have shown a distinct shift in the ability of a cell
to respond to progesterone when the two forms of the PR are
imbalanced, and this is associated with changes in signalling
pathways important in maintenance of normal cell biology.
The mechanisms through which PR controls gene expression have
also been explored, researchers demonstrating that receptors
aggregate with other key components of transcriptional machinery
when they are activated. This aggregation process is disrupted in
human cancers, and current studies in the group are aimed at
exploring the aggregation process and identifying the functional
consequences of its disruption in cancer.
Cell cycle research
The INK4a/ARF sequence on chromosome 9 encodes two
distinctly different proteins, known as p14ARF and p16INK4a. Both
of these tumour suppressor proteins have critical roles in
maintaining the genetic integrity of a wide range of cell types and
researchers in this group are investigating their function, movement
and binding partners. Mutations that inactivate p14ARF or
p16INK4a are common in many different human cancers. While
p16INK4a is mutated in approximately a third of families with a
history of melanoma, this group have found that a subset of
melanoma-affected families also carry mutations that alter the
localisation and function of p14ARF. The p14ARF tumoursuppressor
protein binds to a range of cellular targets, and this
group is investigating what impact these novel partners have on the
functions of p14ARF.
This group recently proposed that p14ARF mediates a process
called sumoylation, by promoting the attachment of the protein
SUMO to other proteins. Sumoylation regulates cellular activity by
altering the location of some proteins and modulating the activity of
others. Researchers are exploring the downstream effects of
p14ARF-induced sumoylation, and the consequences when
p14ARF is mutated. Melanoma cancers are notoriously resistant to
chemotherapy and this group has confirmed that p14ARF can cooperate
with various chemotherapeutic agents to induce
programmed cell death in melanoma cells. Thus, genes regulated
by p14ARF may provide alternative targets for new drugs to kill
melanoma tumours that have lost p14ARF protection.
Familial cancer
Most cancers are due to genetic changes that accumulate in the
cells with age, but in 5 to 10 per cent of cases a patient’s family
history suggests the presence of an inherited gene mutation that
increases their cancer risk. The clinical arm of this group operates a
service assessing genetic susceptibility to breast, ovary, bowel
cancer and melanoma. In conjunction, many patients are enrolled in
collaborative, genetic-epidemiological studies investigating the
familial aspects of cancer.
The service is part of a study of breast ductal lavage, investigating
its use as a surveillance tool in women at high risk of breast cancer
as well as participating in the international GOG-199 study, aimed
at assessing the usefulness of screening alone vs preventive
surgery in women at increased risk of ovary and fallopian tube
cancer. Researchers have continued their role in the study of
tamoxifen in breast cancer prevention for those at higher risk based
on family history. In addition, they have continued to collaborate in
the investigation of the psychosocial aspects of genetic testing for
cancer susceptibility by participating in studies of decision aids for
patients considering genetic testing, the impact of genetic testing
on males in breast cancer families, and the influence of genetic
testing results on discrimination in relation to insurance.
The laboratory’s research program has been successfully directed
towards improved screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and
continues to focus on improvements to screening and the
understanding of the gene mutations that are detected by
screening. We have also worked with Translational Oncology to
investigate the pathological features of breast cancer in women
who carry a germline mutation in the ATM gene.
Gene expression in cancer
The Gene Expression Group studies the effect of cancer mutations
on specific proteins in the cell, with emphasis on cellular alterations
that lead to breast and colon cancer. This group aims to discover
new pathways that control the action of proteins in normal cells,
and to develop drugs or other reagents that correct defects in
these pathways in cancer cells.
Mutations in the BRCA1 are common in many breast cancers and
this group is investigating how mutations disrupt the BRCA1
protein’s normal function. The BRCA1 protein senses DNA damage
by monitoring dividing cells and, in response to DNA damage,
initiates gene repair processes in the nucleus to prevent errors
being transmitted to new cells. BRCA1 has a partner, BARD1;
their interaction helps facilitate the DNA-repair process. This group
discovered that unbound BRCA1 and BARD1 proteins, are
normally free to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. When
bound together they become confined to the nucleus, an essential
step in activating the complexed proteins for their crucial role in
DNA-repair and cell-survival. This group has also identified a class
of BRCA1 gene mutations that display an unexpected influence on

the BRCA1 proteins that carry this mutation. The mutant BRCA1
proteins are positioned differently inside the cell, and are prevented
from entering the nucleus and complexing with BARD1. This finding
provides another mechanism for changes in DNA repair elicited by
BRCA1 gene mutations in breast cancer.
This team is also investigating two genes that appear to play key
roles in colorectal cancer: beta catenin and the tumour-suppressor
gene APC. APC shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus,
where it performs its tumour-suppressor function. This group has
shown that mutant proteins are actively transported in and out of
the nucleus. In fact, it turns out that cancer-mutated forms of APC
can “shuttle” faster than the normal APC molecule, and the
investigators aim to determine if this increase in the protein’s
trafficking rate contributes to the cancer process.
Gynaecological cancer
Ovarian cancer, the most lethal of the gynaecological cancers, is
thought to originate from mutations in epithelial cells encasing the
ovary and little is known about the genes involved in turning healthy
ovarian epithelial cells cancerous. The Gynaecological Cancer
Group have identified several candidate genes that may be involved
in the initial steps leading to cancer. Most ovarian cancers are
initially sensitive to chemotherapy with the platinum-based drugs
carboplatin or cisplatin, but eventually develop resistance. This
group has identified a list of genes whose expression levels differ
between resistant and drug-sensitive cells. They have found that
one of these genes is over-expressed in resistant ovarian cancer
cells and low expression levels correlate with increased sensitivity to
platinum drugs. This gene is also higher in tumours from patients
that have a worse clinical outcome. The group has submitted a
provisional patent application on the discovery, and is now seeking
compounds to reduce expression of this gene, that could be used
in combination with platinum drugs to treat ovarian cancer.
The Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS) is a major
collaborative project funded by the US Department of Defence and
Australian Cancer Councils involving WMI, the Queensland Institute
of Medical Research, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, and over 20
Australian hospitals. AOCS aims to recruit ovarian cancer patients
and create a library of biospecimens for analysis to identify genes
involved in ovarian cancer. Comprehensive epidemiological data are
also collected to help identify environmental and life-style risk
factors and patients are monitored for a minimum of five years,
recording all details of their treatment and its outcome. The data will
be correlated with risk-factor data and tumour-gene profiles to
identify factors for predicting clinical outcome and, eventually,
improve the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. More than
1600 patients and 1000 cancer-free control women have been
recruited to the study so far and the analysis phase begins in 2006.
Leukaemia and bone marrow research
This program consists of two main research groups. The
Leukaemia Cell Biology Group is investigating acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia (ALL). The most common childhood cancer, ALL arises
in the bone marrow from cells that normally develop into B cells
(antibody producing cells). ALL cells are highly dependent on the
bone marrow for their growth and survival and this group is
investigating this dependency with the aim of disrupting this
supportive function. The group has identified SDF-1 as a major
bone marrow derived factor supporting ALL cells. Drugs that block
the effects of SDF-1 are available and inhibit the growth of ALL cells
in the laboratory. The group is currently testing the ability of these
drugs in a human leukaemia mouse model. It is anticipated that
these drugs will enhance the effectiveness of current chemotherapy
agents with minimal toxicity, decrease the total dose of
chemotherapy required and help increase the cure rates in patients
with a poor prognosis. This group continues to search for factors
that are important for the survival and proliferation of ALL cells.
Currently the Wnt family of growth factors is being examined as
potential growth regulatory factors in ALL. Wnt proteins are
produced by both the supportive cells in the bone marrow and the
leukaemic cells themselves. This group has demonstrated that
these factors are capable of enhancing the growth and survival of
ALL cells. This relative importance of these proteins is currently
being investigated.
The Cell Therapies group is focused on investigating the use of
targeted cells for the treatment of infectious and malignant disease
and has continued to develop its clinical program of
cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific cytotoxic T cell administration to
patients with impaired immune systems. The group is currently
running a clinical trial of CMV specific T cell administration for
patients recovering after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation,
and has resulted in a rapid increase in the percentage of specific
cells seen in the circulation. Researchers are in the process of
gaining approval for a gene therapy trial of CMV that will expand
entry criteria into the T cell trial and will result in a broader target
specificity of CMV antigens. Laboratory research is ongoing into the
development of cell therapy for other infections including the fungal
disease Aspergillus and the viral illness varicella zoster that
commonly affect immunocompromised individuals. In addition, this
group is also studying the development of cell therapy for treatment
of minimal residual leukaemia following bone marrow
transplantation. They have optimised a methodology for stimulation
of donor T cells with recipient leukaemia cells utilising a
combination of different cytokines at various stages of cell culture.

Genetic epidemiology of cancer
For many people, genes have a strong effect on their risk of cancer.
This group focuses on identifying the genes concerned, showing
how they work and discovering how genetic risk interacts with the
environment to cause cancer.
In collaboration with researchers from Queensland and the US,
researchers in this group have shown that a region of chromosome
1 harbours a new melanoma-susceptibility gene and that this is
often deleted in melanomas. This suggests that this gene is
normally a protective tumour-suppressor and may be relevant to
both inherited and non-inherited melanomas. This Group leads the
Australian Melanoma Family Study (AMFS), with researchers from
the University of Melbourne and the Queensland Cancer Fund
Epidemiology Research Unit. One of the world’s largest
population-based studies of melanoma, over 1100 people who
have developed melanoma before age 40 have been enrolled plus
their family members. Early-onset melanoma can be indicative of
increased susceptibility, but little is known about what genes
contribute to risk in this setting. Work on these projects, and the
other objectives of GenoMEL, the international melanoma genetics
consortium, was recognised in 2005 by a prestigious new five-year
network program grant from the European Commission, the only
one awarded in the life and health sciences. This will fund, among
other things, powerful new mapping studies of the genes causing
increased melanoma risk.
In collaboration with researchers from Prince of Wales Hospital and
the University of Sydney, this group have been investigating
perception of melanoma risk and the psychological consequences
of high melanoma risk and genetic testing in our melanoma
families. These are among the first such research studies anywhere
in the world and reports from this work are currently under review.
Zebrafish have also been the focus of an important collaboration
with the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research to understand
melanoma genetics. A strain of these fish has been genetically
engineered to produce a mutant form of the NRas cancer gene in
its pigment-producing skin cells, which are similar to those in
humans that give rise to melanoma. The importance of this work is
that fish can be cross-bred easily, enabling the other genes that are
involved in the melanoma process to be identified.
This team is involved in the international Breast Cancer Linkage
Consortium, which has recently completed the world’s largest and
most comprehensive search of the human genome for breastcancer
susceptibility genes. The Australian kConFab consortium
has provided the large numbers of families necessary to support
this project and its first major report, with clues to the location of
new breast cancer genes, was recently accepted for publication.
Students in this group have worked to identify genetic and
environmental risk factors involved in non-melanoma skin cancers.
They have been studying, for the first time, families of people who
have developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC) by early middle age. In 2005 we have shown that
a gene (PTCH1), which is involved in a specific, rare form of familial
BCC does not make a major contribution to early-onset BCC, even
when there is a strong family history of the disease, indicating other
genes must be involved.
Translational oncology
The aim of the Translational Oncology group is to facilitate the
transfer of knowledge from basic cancer research into clinical
practice, and to address research to clinically important questions.
To do this, the group operates a range of collaborations with clinical
oncology practitioners and other researchers in the Sydney West
Area Health Service in addition to an independent research program.
In 2005, the group continued to investigate methods to assist
determination of optimal chemotherapy dosage for cancer patients.
Researchers in this group have taken a novel approach; using a
nuclear medicine scanning technique to determine the rate at
which the liver is able to clear a marker compound as a potential
indicator of the rate at which chemotherapy may be cleared.
Researchers demonstrated that results were variable in cancer
patients and related to variants in the gene that characterises one
of the main elimination proteins in the liver. In on-going work, the
relationship between this elimination marker and clearance of
various chemotherapy drugs is being examined.
Interestingly, the same proteins that function to eliminate drugs from
the body are sometimes present on cancer cells and there has
been speculation that they may enable the tumour to resist
treatment by pumping drugs away from the cancer. This possibility
was investigated in collaboration with the Gynaecological Cancer
group. The ability of the elimination protein MRP2 (ABCC2) to
transport the drug cisplatin was compared in ovarian cancer
samples from patients who had achieved a good clinical response
to cisplatin and patients who had a poor response. This showed it
was unlikely that presence of MRP2 on ovarian cancer cells plays a
major role in determining treatment outcome.

Liver & Metabolic
Storr Liver Unit
The Storr Liver Unit studies liver function in both health
and disease states as well as the impact of liver diseases
on human health. We investigate better ways to prevent
or cure liver disease, aim to define the clinicopathological
and genetic factors that predispose a person to liver
injury and liver cancer and determine how complications
can be detected early to improve adverse clinical
outcomes. The Unit is at the forefront of international
clinical trials that seek to identify new therapies for the
treatment of liver disorders.

Throughout 2005 Professor Geoffrey Farrell has been on
sabbatical with Professor Nelson Fausto, Department of Pathology,
University of Washington, performing studies on genetic
susceptibility to carcinogen-induced liver cancer in mice and its
relationship to aspects of hepatic lipid turnover. At WMI, Professor
Farrell’s group continued to investigate how the processes of
oxidative stress, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma
(PPAR gamma) and COX-2 activation modulate the development of
liver cancer. During 2005 Professor Farrell tendered his resignation
and will leave WMI in early 2006. It is anticipated that a new Storr
Professor will be appointed by mid 2006.
NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence in Liver Disease
Established in 2003, the NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence (CCRE) to Improve Outcomes in Chronic Liver Disease
consists of several multifaceted projects including early detection
(screening) and better management of liver cancer, nutritional
intervention in advanced liver disease, and nutritional, dietary and
exercise intervention for patients with early stages of chronic liver
disease. During 2005, we have continued to actively recruit patients
for the various projects including a cancer screening program now
involving in excess of 220 patients at three Sydney hospitals, and a
lifestyle intervention study which has enrolled ~150 subjects. The
CCRE researchers have published papers during 2005 on the
subject of their research, and further publications are expected in
2006, following analysis of the datasets.
Molecular and cellular basis of liver disease
In recognition of an outstanding track record in research, the Unit,
along with investigators at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital was
awarded a prestigious NHMRC Program Grant (2005-2009) valued
at over $4 million to further study the molecular and cellular basis of
human liver diseases. Projects encompassed in the Program
include studies on the pathological basis of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis, which is the most common cause of liver damage
in Western society, chronic hepatitis C, hepatic fibrosis and
cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
The core investigators have since established highly focused
research groups to conduct the studies outlined in the proposal.
The Unit was also successful in obtaining two further NHMRC
project grants for 2006 to conduct research into genetic studies of
hepatitis C disease progression and on liver injury.
Molecular Pharmacology
The focus of the Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory is to
investigate the regulation of genes within the liver involved in the
metabolism or breakdown of therapeutic drugs as well as toxic
substances produced within the body, such as bile acids.
The research has already produced outcomes that are having
significant impact on healthcare. Work on the mechanisms by
which some drugs cause the metabolism of other drugs to be
accelerated, causing drug-drug interactions, has led to more
effective tests to detect such unwanted properties early in the drug
development process. Several patents, some of which have already
been licensed to industry, now cover the applications of this work.
An exciting extension of this work is to understand how drugs are
metabolised in the brain, which is the target organ for approximately
one-third of all drugs (e.g. anti-depressants, anti-psychotics,
analgesics), a process that presently is poorly understood.
Recent work on bile acid metabolism and elimination has lead to
discoveries that are likely to result in improved therapies for patients
with liver diseases in which the flow of bile is obstructed (cholestatic
liver diseases). In addition to two existing NHMRC project grants,
this group has now received further funding from the NHMRC to
progress this work to the implementation of new therapies for such
patients that will prevent or retard cholestatic liver injury that often
results in the development of cirrhosis. This work will be performed
in collaboration with the laboratory of Prof Ron Evans at the Salk
Institute and Prof Antoine Hadengue, Geneva University Hospitals.
Portions of this work have recently been published in the form of
two papers in the highly prestigious Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA.
An exciting area of research is determining why patients with
advanced cancer not involving the liver have impaired drug
metabolism by the liver, which results in life-threatening toxicity from
some anti-cancer drugs. Work performed in collaboration with the
Cancer Centre at Concord Hospital is determining why this
happens and utilizing novel humanized transgenic mouse models
created at the WMI, we are developing therapies to counteract this
serious problem.

Neuroscience &Vision
Brain Dynamics Centre
Centre for Vision Research
Researchers in the Neuroscience and Vision division aim
to shed light on the functioning of the human brain and eye
in both health and disease. Using a combination of imaging
technology, molecular biology and epidemiology,
researchers are investigating the causes of emotional
disorders, mental illness and visual disorders.

Brain Dynamics Centre
Schizophrenia and psychosis
Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are characterised by
debilitating symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, dramatic
personality change, disorganised thinking, loss of motivation and
cognitive ability.
Working with the Western Sydney First Episode Psychosis Project,
researchers are using clinical, neuropsychological,
electrophysiological and radiological investigations to determine a
profile of changes that define the first episode of psychosis and
predict the subsequent course of the illness. Funded by the
Schizophrenia Fellowship of NSW, NISAD, Pfizer (fellowship), ARC
and the NSW Department of Health, initial results indicate that
young people with first episode psychosis (FEP) already suffer
significant neuropsychological and functional deficits including a
loss of cortical grey matter.
Gamma phase synchrony research on these young people
indicated that FEP was characterised by a loss and delay of early
frontal brain synchrony. Results also point towards an early
separation between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder where
young people with first episode schizophrenia displayed worse
neuropsychological functioning which failed to improve over time.
This work is being extended with the ongoing collection of mood
disorder data to further elucidate the mechanisms of both
schizophrenia and affective psychosis. All results demonstrate the
importance of early diagnosis and immediate treatment in cases of
FEP in young people. Initial treatment research focused on
cognitive remediation programs has shown significant
improvements in cognitive functions, including attention,
concentration, executive processing and speed of processing.
ADHD and Conduct Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by lack of
attention and concentration, commonly occurring with hyperactivity,
and can lead to difficulties in learning and disruptive behaviour.
Current research aims to identify the profile of brain markers
dissociating ADHD from healthy peers, to evaluate the effects of
Ritalin on these markers and to determine the impact of sex
differences on these effects. This work is currently being extended
to investigate the effect of non-stimulant treatments.
Children with Conduct Disorder display a range of antisocial
behavioural problems and without successful treatment, these
behaviours may continue on to adulthood. Whilst effective
treatments do exist, diagnostic heterogeneity means some patients
don’t respond to traditional treatment strategies. Attempts to
disentangle this heterogeneity have shown that children with high
levels of “callous-unemotional” traits tend to have poor treatment
response. Researchers aim to evaluate emotion processing and
autonomic arousal functioning in children with both low and high
CU traits to identify more targeted treatments for Conduct Disorder.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a debilitating and chronic illness defined by
extreme food restriction, weight loss and emotional disturbances.
Little is understood of the psychological and biological factors that
cause this serious disorder. Researchers are using brain imaging
measures combined with psychological testing to identify if this
disease could be caused by disturbances in the brain regions
responsible for emotional functioning to identify why and how
anorexia develops.

Cognitive neuroscience and the
emotional brain
Researchers in this program aim to identify and explore links
between brain function, cognition and emotion by focussing on
how the brain determines what is and what is not significant. Using
fMRI, ERP’s and new measures of brain connectivity, researchers
aim to identify the location of brain networks for perception of
emotion (fear, anger, disgust, happy and sad). Initial results indicate
there are specialised networks for emotions associated with our
survival, such as fear.
Supported by a prestigious Pfizer Fellowship, A/Prof Lea Williams
and her team are focussing on functional brain connectivity in
relation to emotional brain function, other sources of significance
and the “disconnections” which define psychiatric illnesses. This
research program also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of
pharmaceutical intervention in restoring functional brain connectivity
in complex brain disorders. Other research involves investigating
age and gender differences in emotional brain function and
cognition. Results from this research may provide insights as to
gender differences in vulnerability to emotion-related disorders such
as psychosis, PTSD and ADHD as well as the age- related process
of cognitive decline.
Neuroscientists are increasingly willing to speculate about
consciousness, and identifying the neural mechanism of conscious
experience is important in elucidating the factors that distinguish
humans from primates. The study of non-conscious emotion
perception is also a central step in understanding the mechanisms
of anxiety disorders. Researchers in the Brain Dynamics Centre
are integrating a range of neuroimaging techniques to
comprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of conscious
and unconscious processing.
A significant ARC Linkage Grant enabled the Brain Dynamics
Centre to collaborate with researchers from University of Sydney
and University of NSW to integrate brain imaging with genetics. The
“Development of integrated biological markers of brain function”
collaboration has enabled new projects to be established into the
identification of genetic polymorphisms contributing to variation in
brain function; Prediction of response to antidepressant treatment
in major depressive disorder; and the integration of genotypes with
phenotypic data to develop neuropsychological, EEG/ERP and MRI
profiles of known genotypes.
Post traumatic and stress
Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the most common
traumatic psychiatric disorder to emerge after trauma exposure.
Researchers are investigating the identification of temporal and
biological markers for PTSD and the mechanisms of trauma and
stress and how these are related to life events.
PTSD and depression often present with similar symptoms and a
lack of precise guidelines for diagnosis lead to increased chance of
malingering. Research conducted in 2005 involved investigations
into identifying markers for biological assessment to objectively
identify and index PTSD. Further research being conducted in
collaboration with both Australian and American groups aims to use
EEG to determine if PTSD is a disorder of low approach motivation
(similar to depression) or a disorder of high withdrawal motivation
(like anxiety). Orienting mechanisms underlie important survival
functions from diverting attention to significant or novel stimuli to
avoiding harm from aversive stimuli. Research funded by the ARC
aims to identify the mechanisms involved with human orienting and
investigate links with psychological disorders such as PTSD, ADHD
and schizophrenia. Finally, investigations are also being conducted
into how childhood trauma may influence physiological stress
responses such as neuroticism or insomnia and whether this can
be used a predictor of depression in later life.
Brain modelling
The Brain Modelling Unit collaborates with other groups, locally and
internationally, to develop new methods for biophysical modelling
and analysis of electrophysiological and neuroimaging data, as well
as refining and enhancing existing imaging techniques used in other
areas of the Brain Dynamics Centre. The unit developed the first
unified model of the brain based on real physiological information.
This model allows us to understand how our data links to real brain
activity and its breakdown in disorder.
Brain Resource International
Database and BRAINnet
The Brain Dynamics Centre is closely affiliated with the Brain
Resource Company giving scientists the opportunity to undertake
research using the Brain Resource International Database (BRID).
This database provides a consolidated library of data on
psychological function, cognition, brain function, brain structure
and genetics for healthy male and female subjects across a range
of ages. All data is collected using controlled and standardised
procedures from labs located in USA, Europe and Australia.
BRAINnet is an independent international scientific network
convened by the Brain Dynamic Centre that oversees access to
BRID data. The unique composition of BRID means it can be used
across scientific disciplines and diseases.

Centre for Vision Research
Retinal vascular signs and systemic vascular
outcomes in the Blue Mountains Eye Study
The Blue Mountains Eye Study commenced in 1992 and has
become a benchmark population-based study in ophthalmology.
As well as defining the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for
eye diseases, many novel systemic associations have been
explored. Mortality and cause of death information from this study
have recently been used to investigate risks of cardio-vascular
events and cancer mortality. Retinal photographs from participants
have enabled us to assess retinal microcirculation changes in
relationship to systemic vascular outcomes, including incident
stroke and stroke related death, cardio-vascular deaths and
incident hypertension in older people. This project will first examine
change in retinal vessel signs over 10 years.
Cataract surgery and risk of age-related
macular degeneration (AMD)
Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgical
procedure, and AMD is the leading cause of blindness in older
people. Previous studies suggest at least a 3-fold higher risk of
progression to end stage AMD after cataract surgery. This project
aims to confirm whether the risk of developing AMD increases after
cataract surgery among older individuals (60+ years). Researchers
have recruited more than 1100 patients undergoing cataract
surgery at Westmead Hospital and from private ophthalmologist
rooms, and 400 have been re-examined 6 months post-operatively.
These patients will be followed up to 2 years initially.
Retinal vascular signs in acute
stroke patients
Researchers are currently assessing the incidence of retinal
vascular signs in collaboration with the Retinal Vascular Imaging
Centre (RetVIC) in Melbourne to expand the research scope to
acute stroke patients and dementia in older persons. This multicentre
(Sydney, Melbourne and Singapore) clinical cohort study
commenced in 2005, recruiting patients with acute stroke. Retinal
photographs are taken and retinal vessel signs are assessed in
relationship to stroke subtypes and prognosis. To date, over 100
patients have been recruited in Sydney and over 150 in Melbourne.
The Sydney Myopia Study
Rates of myopia (or short-sightedness) are increasing rapidly in
East Asia. This project aims to assess prevalence and risk factors
associated with myopia, in school children aged 6 years and 12
years. At the end of 2005 a total of 1740 6-year-old and 2353
12-year-old children have been examined. Reports from the study
have highlighted a relatively low prevalence of myopia in Sydney,
and have also defined the causes and frequency of visual
impairment and important childhood eye conditions like amblyopia
(reduced vision in one eye) and strabismus (squint).

Cardio-respiratory
Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research
Centre for Heart Research
Researchers in this division are dedicated to the
understanding of common cardio-respiratory disorders.
Combining laboratory research and clinical studies, research
projects include the patho-physiological basis of respiratory
and sleep disorders, and investigations into abnormal heart
rhythm and sudden death.

Ludwig Engel Centre for
Respiratory Research
Sleep disordered breathing
The Ludwig Engel Centre has a particular emphasis on sleep
disordered breathing with an international reputation for researching
the mechanisms underlying the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
(OSAS). In this disorder, patients experience repetitive episodes of
throat blockage during sleep leading to complete cessation of
breathing for short periods of time. Researchers are working to
understand the processes associated with the occurrence of
obstructed breathing during sleep in order to improve the treatments
available for this important disorder. Current research programs
include investigations into the physiology of the upper airway and
the cardiovascular complications of OSAS. New research areas for
2006 will allow us identify intermediate phenotypes in obstructive
sleep apnoea patients and begin to establish the genetic basis for
sleep disordered breathing.
Work will soon begin on development of a biomechanical
computational model of the hydrostatic mechanics of the tissue
space surrounding the upper airway and its influence on upper
airway patency. The role of surface tension of the upper airway lining
liquid in the control of upper airway patency during sleep is
an ongoing area of research interest, as is the effects of snoring on
blood pressure control and stroke.
Asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
Asthma now affects the lives of over 2 million Australian children and
adults. Despite decades of research into the causes and treatment
of asthma, the prevalence of asthma in the population continues to
rise. A major research interest of this research group is the influence
of mouth versus nose breathing on the occurrence of asthmatic
symptoms. The nose warms, humidifies and filters inspired air,
whereas mouth breathing exposes the lungs to unheated, dry,
unfiltered air which may contribute to the occurrence or worsening
of an attack. Research in this lab recognised that asthmatic subjects
have altered perception of nasal obstruction, leading them to switch
to mouth breathing more readily than healthy individuals, and that
this switch may contribute to the development of an asthma
episode. Currently, researchers are investigating whether nasal
breathing can help to resolve an episode of asthma. New research
into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will examine the value of
aerobic exercise training to the overall benefits of short pulmonary
rehabilitation programmes.
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited disease
affecting Australians. In CF, altered salt transport across the lining
of the airways leads to drying of the airway surface, impeding the
processes that remove mucus from the lungs. Mucus retention
makes the lungs very susceptible to repeated bacterial infections.
Researchers in this group are currently investigating
electrophysiological abnormalities in CF and determining the
interaction between airway surface divalent ions and the underlying
genetic defect so that potential new treatments can be developed.

Centre for Heart Research
Prevention of sudden death
Sudden death is usually caused by an abnormal heart rhythm
produced by a problem in the ventricles of the heart. Ventricular
tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are the two major heart
rhythms responsible for sudden death and both are the subject of
research currently being performed by this group. Some abnormal
heart rhythms can be treated by minimally invasive procedures in
which abnormal electrical pathways in the heart are ablated.
Attempts to cure ventricular tachycardia using percutaneous
catheters have been hampered by the inadequacies of conventional
mapping and ablation techniques. Researchers in this group have
designed a catheter that could create a deeper ablation lesion than
is possible with maximal conventional therapy. A prototype catheter
was constructed in-house and tested using an ex-vivo ovine model.
The prototype catheter was shown to create lesions that were
significantly deeper and just as wide as lesions created with
conventional catheters. Efforts are also being directed at improved
mapping procedures for determining the underlying mechanisms
of ventricular arrhythmias and facilitating curative therapy. This
work gained additional support in 2005 by the awarding of a
NHMRC Project Grant.
Ventricular fibrillation is also a cause of sudden death and
commonly occurs at the time of a heart attack. The mechanism
of this electrical problem that stops the heart beating effectively is
incompletely understood. Researchers are studying the behaviour
of electrical currents in the heart during ventricular fibrillation to try
and detect patterns that may allow new treatments for this
important abnormal heart rhythm.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation results in chaotic beating of the heart and is the most
common cause of abnormal heart rhythm. It is due to abnormal
electrical activation of the upper part of the heart called the atria.
Recently a curative minimally invasive treatment has been developed
for atrial fibrillation. There are large groups of patients for whom this
treatment is not effective. The Cardiology Research Centre is
performing basic and applied studies to improve the safety and
efficacy of treatment for atrial fibrillation. These include studies of
open heart and minimally invasive techniques for cure of atrial
fibrillation.
Alternative energy sources for treatment of
abnormal heart rhythms
Percutaneous, minimally invasive techniques to treat abnormal heart
rhythms require delivery of alternating electrical current. This
technique is used to heat abnormal parts of the heart and interrupt
short circuits responsible for the rhythm problems. There are
important limitations to this technique. In an attempt to create
devices that overcome some of the current difficulties with existing
technology, cardiology researchers are investigating alternative
energy sources such as microwaves. This ARC funded project is a
collaboration with the University of Technology.
Imaging and cardiac function
Echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to study cardiac structure
and function. Ultrasound is a safe and effective way to visualize the
heart. Researchers have used echocardiography to monitor and
evaluate atrial size and function after procedures to treat atrial
fibrillation. New techniques have been used to develop noninvasive
parameters of total and segmental atrial function. Two and three
dimensional atrial volume estimation has also been performed to
evaluate atrial remodeling after restoration of normal rhythm. These
results may help to alter techniques and treatments currently used
for atrial fibrillation. This work is supported by funding from the
National Heart Foundation.

Funding
National Health & Medical Research Council Grants * 8,057,369
Other Grants * 6,250,802
Infrastructure Grants 2,317,232
Other Income 875,578
Total 2005 Income ($) 17,500,981
Excludes income from hospital clinical trials. *Includes fellowships and scholarships.
Funding Organisations
In 2005 the Institute received research
funding from the following major
organisations. We thank them for
their support.
Australian Dental Research Foundation
Australian Lung Foundation
Anthony Rothe Foundation
Australian Research Council
Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis
Virology Research
Biogen
Cancer Institute of NSW
Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundation
Commonwealth Department of Health and
Ageing
Cure Cancer Australia
Dental Board of NSW
GlaxoSmithKline
Johnson & Johnson Research
Heart Foundation of Australia
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
Leukaemia Foundation
Meat and Livestock Australia
Merck, Sharpe and Dohme
Motor Accident Authority of NSW
National Breast Cancer Foundation
National Institutes of Health USA
National Health & Medical Research Council
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd
NSW Cancer Council
NSW Ministry for Science and Medical
Research
NSW Health
Pfizer Pharmacia
Philip Bushell Foundation
Retina Australia
Robert W Storr Bequest
The Millennium Foundation
University of Sydney

Organisation Chart
WMI Advisory Board
Chair – Mr Paul Bell
Director
Professor Tony Cunningham
Divisions and groups
Infection & Immunity
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
Director, Prof Tania Sorrell
Centre for Transplant and Renal Research
Director - Transplantation, A/Prof Philip O’Connell
Director - Renal Medicine, Prof David Harris
Centre for Virus Research
Director, Prof Tony Cunningham
Institute of Dental Research
Director, Prof Neil Hunter
Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research
Director, Prof Graeme Stewart
Cancer
Westmead Institute for Cancer Research
Director, Prof Rick Kefford
Liver & Metabolic
Storr Liver Unit
Director, Prof Geoff Farrell
Director - Clinical Hepatology, Prof Jacob George
Director - Molecular Pharmacology, Prof Christopher Liddle
Neuroscience & Vision
Brain Dynamics Centre
Director, A/Prof Lea Williams
Centre for Vision Research
Director, Prof Paul Mitchell
Cardio-respiratory
Centre for Heart Research
Director, Dr Pramesh Kovoor
Ludwig Engel Centre for
Respiratory Research
Director, A/Prof John Wheatley
Chief Operating Officer
Mark Dado
Scientific Operations
Manager, Glenn Holden
Facilities and Grant Administration
Manager, Mark Smith
Finance
Manager, Mark Wissam
Human Resources
Manager, Amanda Clout
Information Technology
Manager, Ian Magee
Communications
Manager, Gayle McNaught
Science Council
Chair, A/Prof Christine Clarke

Advisory Board and
Council of Governors
Advisory Board Members
Mr Paul Bell
Chair
Professor Gavin Brown AO, FAA
Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of Sydney
Professor Peter Castaldi AO
Chairman, Area Health Advisory Council,
Sydney West Area Health Service
Mr Philip Chronican
Group Executive, Westpac Institutional Bank
Professor Tony Cunningham
Director, Westmead Millennium Institute
Mr Patrick Wilde
President, The Millennium Foundation
Mr James Wakim
Past President, The Millennium Foundation
Managing Director, Arab Bank Australia
Governors
Mr Jim Bosnjak OAM
Chairman, Bosnjak Investment Group
Professor Jeremy Chapman
Network Director Acute Interventional Medicine,
Sydney West Area Health Service
Professor Ian Gust AO
Professor Janice Reid
Vice-Chancellor, University of Western Sydney
Dr Peter Farrell
Chief Executive Officer, ResMed Australia
Mr David Greatorex AO

Staff List
Infection and
Immunity
Centre for Virus
Research
Director
Prof. Tony Cunningham
Deputy Director
Dr Barry Slobedman
Admin Assistant
Ms Janine Murray
Lab Manager
Ms Rebecca Howard
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trials Co-Ordinator
Ms Maggie Piper
Research Officer
Ms Janette Taylor
Cytomegalovirus
Research
Research Group Leader
Dr Barry Slobedman
Research Associate
Dr Josh Stern
Research Officer
Miss Winnie Garcia
PhD Students
Mr Selmir Avdic
Mr Allen Cheung
Ms Joanne Tan
Honours Student
Mr Michael Godwin
Herpes
Immunopathogenesis
Research Group Leaders
Prof Tony Cunningham
Dr Min Kim
Dr Monica Miranda-Saksena
Research Fellow
Dr Hirotaka Takahashi
(until February 2005)
Research Officer
Dr Lidija Bosnjak
Research Assistant
Mr Bibing Tijono
PhD Student
Mrs Anupriya Aggarwal
Overseas Exchange Student
Mr Farhad Fazel
Herpes Protein
Chemistry
Research Group Leader
Dr Russell Diefenbach
PhD Students
Ms Debbie Ko
Ms Branka Mijatov
Ms April Morton
Honours Students
Miss Amber Campbell
Ms Rachael Eddowes
Ms Kathrina Ogden
HIV Molecular
Pathogenesis
Research Group Leaders
Prof Tony Cunningham
Dr John Wilkinson
Research Officers
Ms Jennifer Clarke
Dr Andrew Harman
Dr Heather Donaghy
Research Assistants
Miss Joanne Dable
Mr Joey Lai
Miss Valerie Marsden
Miss Monique Nicolle
(until June 2005)
PhD Students
Miss Kerrie Dunstan
Dr Susan Maddocks
Ms Sarah Watson
HIV Protein Function
and Interaction
Research Group Leader
Dr Sabine Piller
Research Assistants
Miss Jodi Allen
Miss Eleanor Hitchen
Mr Jeff Liang
PhD Students
Miss Judy Edmonds
Ms Vicki Kassouf
HIV Retroviral Genetics
Research Group Leader
Dr Nitin Saksena
Research Fellow
Dr Bin Wang
Staff Specialist
Dr Dominic Dwyer
PhD Students
Ms Da’ed Haddad
Miss Meriet Mikhail
(until May 2005)
Ms Megan Steain
Masters Students
Mrs Maria Arriaga
Mr Hemal Joshi
Ms Chenda Kol
Mr Meet Shah
Honours Student
Miss Subotheni
Thavaneswaran
Varicella zoster
Research
Research Group Leader
Dr Allison Abendroth
Research Assistant
Miss Elizabeth Sloan
PhD Students
Mr Joshua Bowles
Ms Kavitha Gowrishankar
Honours Student
Ms Jennifer Huch
Institute for Dental
Research
Director
Prof. Neil Hunter
Deputy Director
Prof. Nick Jacques
Honorary Research
Associate
A/Prof. John Gibbins.
Honorary Research Fellow
Dr Bettine Webb
Senior Research Scientist
Dr Derek Harty
Senior Lecturer
Dr Liz Martin
Post-doctoral Fellow
Ms Ping Ye
Research Fellows
Dr Roy Byun
Dr Cheryl Chapple
Dr Mangala Nadkarni
Dr Cathy Rathsam
Dr Peter Yun
Research Assistants
Miss Gina Browne
Miss Ruth Eaton
Tecnhical Officers
Mrs Mara Cvejic
Ms Mary Simonian

PhD Students
Ms Kim Chhour
Ms Alice Len
Mrs Deborah Macarthur
(until September 2005)
Ms Hong Yu
Institute for
Immunology and
Allergy Research
Director
Prof. Graeme Stewart
PA to Graeme Stewart
Ms Helen Smart
Lab Manager
Mr Stephen Schibeci
Clinical Trials Co-ordinator
Mrs Pamela Burton
Immunology
Registrar
Dr Lucinda Berglund
Clinical Research Leaders
Dr David Fulcher
A/Prof. Rob Heard
A/Prof. Connie Katelaris
Viral Immunobiology
and Apoptosis
Research Group Leader
Dr Lisa Sedger
Research Assistant
Mrs Sarah Osvath
Honours Student
Ms Maha Marmassani
Genetics of Multiple
Sclerosis
Research Group Leader
Dr David Booth
Post-doctoral Fellow
Dr Fiona McKay
Research Assistant
Mrs Najwa Marmash
PhD Students
Mr Matthew Bugeja
Ms Suzy Teutsch
(until April 2005)
Masters Student
Miss Louisa Swain
Immunogenetics
Scientific Officer
Dr Marc Buhler
Immunogenetics of
Asthma
Research Group Leader
Dr Graham Jones
Research Assistant
Ms Emily Clarke
PhD Student
Ms Natalie Hartley
Honours Student
Ms Nusrat Rahman
Molecular Immunology
Post-doctoral Fellow
Dr Salvador Gala
PhD Student
Mr Elwyn Gabutero
Centre for Transplant
and Renal Research
Director – Tranplantation
A/Prof Philip O’Connell
Director – Nephrology
Professor David Harris
Clinical Islet and
Xenotransplantation
Senior Research Fellow
Dr Wayne Hawthorne
Research Assistants
Tina Patel
Rebecca Stokes
Jane Burgess
Jennifer O’Hara
Matthew Vitalone
Kelly Hucker
Students
Abe Chandra
Moses Wavamunno
Satoshi Akima
Meg Jardine
Denbigh Simond
Nephrology
Senior Scientist
Dr Yiping Wang
Senior Research Officer
Dr Deepika Mahajan
Dr Guoping Zheng
Research Assistants
Yuet-Ching Tay
Students
Ying (Cindy) Wang
Xiaohong (Jill) Qin
Vincent Lee
Chenchen Jiang
Kidney Regeneration
Research Group Leader
Dr Gopala Rangan
Research Assistants
Jason Coombes
Students
Cam Ghatora
Ellein Mreich
Immunobiological Research
Senior Research Fellow
Dr Shounan Yi
Research Assistant
Hong Ha
Students
Ouyang Li
Jing Jing Wu
Lab Manager
Gary Martinic
Centre for Infectious
Diseases and
Microbiology
Director
Prof. Tania Sorrell
PA to Tania Sorrell
Mrs Ramona Negre
Business Manager
Ms Helen Pinchen
Clinical
Visiting Medical Officer
Dr Kay McKinnon
Public Health
Research Epidemiologist
Ms Heather Gidding

Bacterial Pathogenesis
Research Group Leader
A/Prof Jon Iredell
Senior Research Officer
Dr Sally Partridge
Scientific Officer
Mrs Belinda Roychoudhry
Technical Officer
Mrs Lee Thomas
PhD Students
Ms Jubelle Valenzuela
Ms Deborah Blanckenberg
Mr Bjorn Espedido
Mr Andrew Ginn
Mr Pierre Kyme
(until September 2005)
Masters Student
Mrs Lee Thomas
Fungal Pathogenesis
Research Group Leader
Dr Julianne Djordjevic
Senior Research Fellow
Dr Uwe Himmelreich
Senior Research Officer
Dr Alfred Widmer
Research Officer
Dr Catherine Wu
Ms Michelle Larsen
(until July 2005)
Research Assistants
Ms Sue Dowd
Mrs Ranjini Ganendren
Ms Christabel Wilson
Technical Officer
Ms Damla Power
PhD Students
Ms Orla Morissey
Dr Geoffrey Playford
Ms Atitee Rosemary Siafakas
Miss Kylie Turner
Molecular Mycology
Research Group Leader
A/Prof. Wieland Meyer
Research Assistant
Ms Krystyna Maszewska
PhD Students
Mr Popchai Ngamskulrungraj
Miss Luciana Trilles
(until September 2005)
Mr Haydar Karaoglu
(until July 2005)
Masters Student
Ms Patricia Escandon
(until December 2005)
Mycology
Senior Scientific Officer
Dr Catriona Halliday
Research Officer
Ms Jesse Lay
Honours Student
Miss Anna Lau
Virology
Research Assistant
Ms Belinda Herring
Cancer
Westmead Institute for
Cancer Research
Director
Prof. Richard Kefford
Deputy Director
A/Prof. Ken Bradstock
EA to Rick Kefford
Ms Annette Arkell
Secretary to Ken Bradstock
Ms Ursula Tyndall
Lab Manager
Dr Greg Kaplan
Admin Assistant
Ms Carol Godson
Technical Assistant
Mrs Alicia Smith-Wildey
Tissue Culture Co-ordinator
Ms Caitlin van Holst Pellekaan
Senior Scientific Officer,
Flow Cytometry
Ms Mary Sartor
Breast Cancer
Research Group Leader
A/Prof. Christine Clarke
Postdoctoral Fellow
Dr Dinny Graham
Research Officer
Dr Patricia Mote
Research Assistant
Ms Usha Salagame
PhD Students
Ms Rebecca Arnett-Mansfield
Miss Kelly Avery
(until July 2005)
Ms Hazel Hill
Breast Cancer
Tissue Bank
Project Manager
Mrs Jane Carpenter
Database Administrator
Mr James Miller
Cell Cycle Research
Research Group Leader
Dr Helen Rizos
Post-doctoral Fellow
Dr Jwan Khal
(Until June 2005)
Research Officer
Dr Therese Becker
Research Assistants
Ms Heather McKenzie
Mrs Mal Irvine
Miss Ana Ayub
PhD Students
Miss Prerna Badhwar
Mr Stuart Gallagher
Mr Sebastian Haferkamp
Leukaemia Cellular
Therapies
Research Group Leader
A/Prof. David Gottlieb
Senior Scientific Officers
Ms Vicki Antonenas
Dr Anna Hansen
Research Officer
Dr Anita Gamvrellis
Dr Haiping Sun
(until February 2005)
Research Assistant
Mr Leighton Clancy
Mr Adam Cisterne
(until April 2005)
Research Technician
Miss Elles Simonetti
(until February 2005)
PhD Students
Ms Jenny Lau
Dr Ken Micklethwaite
Familial Cancer
Clinical Director
A/Prof. Judy Kirk
Research Group Leader
Dr Jenny Leary
Registrar
Dr Annabel Goodwin
Research Fellow
Dr Susan Shanley
(until November 2005)
Hospital Scientist
Ms Tracey Davis
(until February 2005)
Scientific Officer
Ms Barb Guild
Research Assistant
Ms Monique Dyson
Genetic Counsellors
Ms Sheridan O’Donnell
(Until Feb 2005)
Ms Jaime Jessen
Ms Poonam Zodgekar
Data Managers
Ms Abhinanda Roy
Mrs Anna Silvester
(until May 2005)
Mrs Nishath Syed
Office Administrator
Miss Cathleen Kuznesoff
Gene Expression
Research Group Leader
Dr Beric Henderson
Post-doctoral Fellows
Dr Myth Tsz Shun Mok
Dr Manisha Sharma
Dr Mariana Brocardo
Research Assistant
Mr Cameron Flegg
(until March 2005)
PhD Students
Miss Wendy Au
Mrs Varsha Tembe
Gynaecological
Oncology
Research Group Leaders
Dr Anna deFazio
A/Prof Paul Harnett
Research Officer
Dr Lyndee Scurr
Research Assistants
Ms Catherine Kennedy
Ms Yoke-Eng Chiew
PhD Student
Miss Natalie Gava
Honours Student
Miss Kylie Pryor

Leukaemia Cell Biology
Research Group Leader
Dr Linda Bendall
Research Associate
Dr John Hewson
Research Officer
Dr Aileen dela Pena
Research Assistant
Ms Rana Baraz
PhD Students
Ms Shiva Gaundar
Mr Julius Juarez
Mr Naveed Khan
Melanoma and Genetic
Epidemiology
Research Group Leader
A/Prof. Graham Mann
Research Officer
Dr Gulietta Pupo
Biospecimen Manager
Miss Chantelle Agha-Hamilton
Project Co-ordinator
Ms Helen Schmid
Research Assistants
Ms Elizabeth Holland
Mr James Indsto
Mrs Barbara Peters
Mr Alex Russell
Mrs Gina Sherry
Ms Caroline Watts
PhD Students
Dr Caroline Thoo
(until August 2005)
Dr Chaiyaporn
Boonchalermvichian
(until June 2005)
Mrs Robyn Dalziell
Dr Sally de Zwaan
Dr Angelo Sklavos
Masters Student
Mr Menno Dijksttra
(until March 2005)
Translational Oncology
Research Group Leaders
A/Prof Christine Clarke
Dr Rosemary Balleine
Research Assistant
Miss Pamela Provan
PhD Student
Miss Lucy Webster
Liver and
Metabolic
Storr Liver Unit
Director, Storr Liver Unit
Prof. Geoff Farrell
PA to Geoff Farrell
Mrs Joan Longhurst
(until February 2005)
Admin Assistant
Mrs Dianne Stephens
(until February 2005)
Lab Manager
Ms Linda Frost
Clinical Hepatology
Director - Clinical
Hepatology
Prof Jacob George
CCRE Project Leader
Dr Rosemary Carney
Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Ian Cua
Hepatitis C Project Officer
Dr Priyanka Bandara
Research Fellow
Dr Dev Samarasinghe
Dr Rita Lin
Research Assistant
Ms Shirley Coverdale
PhD Student
Dr Hossein Poustchi
Clinical Trials
Dietitian
Mrs Jennifer Green
Miss Lauren McGrath
Registered Nurses
Mrs Jasmin Canete
Mrs Caroline Pfeffercorn
Research Nurse
Ms Seng Kee Teo
Technical Officer
Mrs Lee Russell
Technical Officer
Ms Keshni Sharma
Secretary
Ms Diane West
PhD Student
Ms Amanda Johnston
(until July 2005)
Molecular Hepatology
Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Ian Bookman
(until February 2005)
Senior Research Officer
Dr Jun Yu
(until June 2005)
Research Fellow
Dr Narci Teoh
(until September 2005)
Research Officers
Ms Aileen dela Pena
Ms Helen Hou
Dr Liang Qiao
(until May 2005)
Dr Rena (Hong Xia) Zhang
Dr Deama Amr
(until Nov 2005)
Research Assistants
Mrs Jayshree Sesha
Ms Wan Man Wu
(until May 2005)
Senior Technical Officer
Ms Jacqueline Field
(until December 2005)
Technical Assistant
Miss Jenny Cheng
PhD Student
Ms Claire Larter
NASH Studies
Research Officers
Dr Roslyn London
Dr Jianhua Wang
Research Assistants
Mrs Joanne Brymora
Ms Natasha Pera
Mr Mehdi
Ramezani Moghadam
Molecular
Pharmacology
Director - Molecular
Pharmacology
Prof Chris Liddle
Secretary
Ms Bev Hackett
Clinical Research Fellow
Dr Catherine Stedman
(until April 2005)
Research Officer
Dr Anne Lehnert
Research Assistant
Ms Sally Coulter
Technical Assistant
Ms Caroline Wilson
Overseas Exchange Student
Ms Marloes Nooitgedacht
(until December 2005)
PhD Students
Ms Deama Amr
(until February 2005)
Miss Marina Kacevska
Dr Rohini Sharma
Neuroscience
and Vision
Brain Dynamics Centre
Director
A/Prof Lea Williams
Deputy Director, Clinical
Research
Dr Anthony Harris
Deputy Director, Basic
Research
Dr Chris Rennie
Head, Integrative
Neuroscience Program
A/Prof Evian Gordon
Head, Borderline Personality
Research
Emeritus Professor Russell
Meares
Project Officer
Ms Jan Ambrose
Computer Systems Officer
Mr Alex Phan
Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD Co-ordinator
Mr Daniel Hermens
(also PhD Student)
Post-doctorate/Fellow
Dr Ilario Lazzaro
(honorary)
Clinical Investigators
Dr Simon Clarke
Dr Michael Kohn
PhD Student
Mr Nick Cooper

Brain Modelling
Head of Unit
Dr Chris Rennie
Prof Peter Robinson
Post-doctorate/Fellows
Dr Michael Breakspear
(honorary)
Dr Jong-Won Kim
Dr Peter Loxley
Dr Donald Rowe
(honorary)
Senior Research Officer
Dr Dimitri Melkonyan
Research Associate
Dr Peter Drysdale
PhD Students
Mr Matthew Barton
Mr Alan Chiang
Mr Jonathon Clearwater
Mr Richard Gray
Mr Hal Henke
Mr Sacha Van Albada
Ms HuiYing Wu
Honours Student
Mr Cliff Kerr
Cognitive
Neuroscience
Head of Unit
A/Prof Lea Williams
Research Associates
Ms Justine Gatt
Ms Stacey Kuan
Ms Danielle Mathersul
(also see Depression)
Ms Donna Palmer
(also PhD Student)
Ms Belinda Liddell
(also PhD Student)
PhD Students
Ms Ainslie Hatch
Mr Kristan Kang
Ms Pamela Marsh
Honours Students
Ms Josephine D’Agostino
Mr Stuart Grieve
Ms Corinne Renneberg
Depression
Post-doc/Fellow
Dr Andrew Kemp
PhD Student
Mr Patrick Hopkinson
Honours Student
Ms Danielle Mathersul
Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder
Head of Unit
Prof Richard Bryant
Post-doctorate/Fellow
Dr Kim Felmingham
Research Associate
Ms Elena Simms
PhD Students
Ms Leah Campbell
Ms Erin Falconer
Ms Fiona McCallum
Schizophrenia
Head of Unit
Dr Anthony Harris
Senior Research Officer
Dr Pritha Das
PhD Students
Mr Gary Flynn
Ms Daniella Toscana
Mr Thomas Whitford
Centre for Vision
Research
Director
Prof. Paul Mitchell
Deputy Director
Dr Jie Jin Wang
Admin Officer
Ms Kirsten Jakobsen
Admin Assistant
Ms Maria Wang
Ms Anastacia Rochtchina
Senior Scientific Officer
Dr Xiao Yang Wang
Nutritional Epidemiologist
Dr Vicki Flood
Clinical Trials Co-ordinator
Ms Amie Cho
Data Entry
Ms Gail Leddin
Data Manager/Statistician
Ms Elena Rochtchina
Statistician
Ms Annette Kifley
Mr George Burlutsky
Study Co-ordinator
Ms Tania de Loryn
Ms Rochelle Everill
Ms Katherine Dabich
(until March 2005)
Ms Sarah McDonald
(until June 2005)
Ms Donella Burridge
(until July 2005)
Photographic Grader
Ms Bronwen Taylor
Ms Victoria Casatto
Ms Rita Perri
(until July 2005)
Photographic Grader/Data
Manager
Miss Ava Tan
Research Assistants
Mr Michael Cosstick
Dr Son Huynh
Ms Mireille Moffitt
Ms Nirvana Naidoo
(until July 2005)
PhD Students
Mr Alan Barclay
Dr Ee-Munn Chia
Ms Sudha Cugati
Dr Samantha Fraserbell
Dr Jenny Ip
Dr Anne Lee
Dr Gerald Lieu
Dr Dana Robaei
Dr Paul Healey
Masters Student
Dr Shweta Kaushik
Dr Thuan Pham
Dr Elvis Ojaimi
Cardio-
Respiratory
Ludwig Engel Centre
for Respiratory
Research
Director
A/Prof. John Wheatley
Associate Director, Research
Dr Terence Amis
PA to John Wheatley
Mrs Kath Conquest
Staff Specialists
Dr Kristina Kairaitis
A/Prof. Peter Middleton
Dr Tracey Robinson
Research Officer
Dr Mervat Hallani
Research Study
Co-ordinator
Mrs Sharon Lee
IT Support Officer
Miss Yarlini Gnaneswaran
(until December 2005)
Cystic Fibrosis
Co-ordinator
Ms Jenny Bishop
Research Assistants
Mr Jerrad Borodzicz
(until May 2005)
Ms Karen Bovington
(until July 2005)
Ms Terese Davis
(until September 2005)
Ms Lauren Howitt
(until March 2005)
Miss Manisha Verma
Mr Jason Amatoury
Ms Louise Tyler
Ms Joan Stevens
PhD Student
Ms Jyotishna Narayan
Masters Student
Ms Rita Perri
Centre for Heart
Research
Director
Dr Pramesh Kovoor
Clinical Cardiac
Senior Staff Specialist
Prof. David Ross
Cardiac research
Staff Specialist/Senior
Lecturers
Dr Liza Thomas
Dr Stuart Thomas
Staff Specialist
Dr Aravinda Thiagalingam
Research Assistants
Miss Michelle Mikhail
Mr Gary Wu
Mrs Anita Boyd
Tecnhical Officers
Mr Tony Barry
Mrs Vicki Eipper
PhD Student
Mr Jim Pouliopoulos
Masters Student
Dr Suzanne Eshoo
Mrs Tanya McKay
Registered Research Nurse
Fiona Cox
(Until December 2005)
Arun Narayun
(Start December 2005)
Annemarie Gerke
(Start December 2005)

Executive
Institute Director
Prof Tony Cunningham
Chief Operating Officer
Mr Mark Dado
Executive Assistant
Ms Claire Wolczak
Operations &
Support
Operations Manager
Mr Glenn Holden
Manager, Facilities
and Grant Administration
Mr Mark Smith
Finance Manager
Mr Mark Wissam
Human Resources Manager
Ms Amanda Clout
Marketing &
Communications Manager
Ms Gayle McNaught
Lab Managers
Ms Rebecca Howard
Dr Greg Kaplan
Ms Linda Frost
Mr Stephen Schibeci
Mr Gary Martinic
IT Manager
Ms Robyn Jones
(until Feb 2005)
Mr Ian Magee
Admin Officer
Ms Brenda Wilson
Biomedical Engineer
Dr Rob Wilkins
Safety & Training Officer
Mr Brian Horsfield
Computer Support Officers
Ms Chris Cannon
Mr Blair Lawton
Mr Bruno Marion
Mr Adrian Plummer
Finance Officers
Mr Satish Sharma
Ms Debra Tucker
Ethics Officers
Mrs Tina Goodenough
Mrs Paula Ewings
HR Administrator
Miss Amie Sellwood
(until October 2005)
Reception
Mrs Gail Ladner
Research Facilities
Co-ordinators
Mrs Christine Browne
Ms Caitlin van Holst Pellekaan
Wash Room Technicians
Ms Carol Devine
Mrs Hongya Liu
Stores Officer
Mr Cecil Nast
Core Research
Facilities
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics Officer
Mr Michael Kirk
(until October 2005)
Confocal Microscopy
Imaging Officer
Ms Jacqui Mills
DNA Microarray
Mircoarray Technician
Mr Christopher Bye
(until September 2005)
Ms Chi Hua
(until April 2005)
Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry Technician
Ms Sanda Lum
Histology
Histology Technician
Ms Aysen Yuksel
Protein Production
Facility
Proteomics Officer
Dr Eve Diefenbach
Transgenics
Transgenic Animal
Co-Ordinator
Ms Sandie Brown
Westmead DNA
Manager
Mr Ilya Henner
Technical Officer
Mr Alex Shaw
(until October 2005)
Electron Microscope
Laboratory
E.M. Unit Co-ordinator
Mr Ross Boadle

Publications
Adams LA, Bulsara M, Rossi E, DeBoer
B, Speers D, George J, Kench J, Farrell
G, McCaughan W and Jeffrey GP.
Hepascore – An accurate validated
predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic
hepatitis C infection. Clinical Chemistry.
51:1867-1873.
Aghmesheh M, Edwards L, Clarke CL,
Byth K, Katzenellenbogen BS, Russell
PJ, Friedlander M, Tucker KM, de Fazio
A. Expression of steroid hormone
receptors in BRCA1-associated ovarian
carcinomas. Gynecological Oncology
97(1):16-25.
Ahern V, Brennan M, Ung O, Kefford R.
Locally advanced and inflammatory
breast cancer. Aust Fam Physician.
Dec;34(12):1027-32.
Alexander DM Trengove C, Johnston P,
Cooper T, August JP & Gordon E.
Separating individual skin conductance
responses in a short interstimulusinterval
paradigm. J Neurosci Methods
146, 116-123.
Au WW, Henderson BR. The BRCA1
RING and BRCT domains cooperate in
targeting BRCA1 to ionizing radiationinduced
nuclear foci. J Biol Chem
280(8):6993-7001.
Baird PN, Richardson AJ, Craig JE,
Rochtchina E, Mackey DA, Mitchell P.
The Q368STOP myocilin mutation in a
population-based cohort: the Blue
Mountains Eye Study. Am J
Ophthalmology 139(6):1125-6
Bandara P, George J, McCaughan G,
Naidoo D, Lux O, Salonikas C, Kench J,
Byth K, Farrell GC. Antioxidant levels in
peripheral blood, disease activity and
fibrotic stage in chronic hepatitis C.
Liver Int 25(3):518-26.
Becker TM, Ayub AL, Kefford RF, Mann
GJ, Rizos H. The melanoma-associated
24 base pair duplication in p16INK4a is
functionally impaired. Int J Cancer
20;117(4):569-73.
Becker TM, Rizos H, de la Pena A,
Leclercq IA, Woodruff S, Kefford RF,
Mann GJ. Impaired inhibition of NFkappaB
activity by melanomaassociated
p16INK4a mutations.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
332(3):873-9.
Bendall L, Campana D, Iwamoto S,
Bradstock K. Chemokines and their
receptors in disease. Histol Histopathol.
20(3):907-26.
Bendall LJ, Baraz R, Juarez J, Shen W,
Bradstock KF. Defective p38 mitogenactivated
protein kinase signaling
impairs chemotaxic but not proliferative
responses to stromal-derived factor-
1alpha in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Cancer Res. 65(8):3290-8.
Bernhard OK, Diefenbach RJ,
Cunningham AL. New insights into viral
structure and virus-cell interactions
through proteomics. Expert Rev
Proteomics. 2(4):577-88.
Booth DR, Arthur AT, Teutsch SM, Bye
C, Rubio J, Armati PJ, Pollard JD,
Heard RN, Stewart GJ; The Southern
MS Genetics Consortium. Gene
expression and genotyping studies
implicate the interleukin 7 receptor in
the pathogenesis of primary progressive
multiple sclerosis. J Mol Med.
83(10):822-30.
Bosnjak L, Jones CA, Abendroth A,
Cunningham AL. Dendritic cell biology
in herpesvirus infections. Viral Immunol.
18(3):419-33.
Bosnjak L, Miranda-Saksena M, Koelle
DM, Boadle RA, Jones CA,
Cunningham AL. Herpes simplex virus
infection of human dendritic cells
induces apoptosis and allows crosspresentation
via uninfected dendritic
cells. J Immunol. 15;174(4):2220-7.
Bradstock K. Lymphoma: the good, the
bad and the ugly. Med Today 6(9): 25-33.
Bradstock KF, Matthews JP, Lowenthal
RM, Baxter H, Catalano J, Brighton T,
Gill D, Eliadis P, Joshua D, Cannell P,
Schwarer AP, Durrant S, Gillett A,
Koutts J, Taylor K, Bashford J, Arthur C,
Enno A, Dunlop L, Szer J, Leahy M,
Juneja S, Young GA; Australasian
Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group. A
randomized trial of high-versus
conventional-dose cytarabine in
consolidation chemotherapy for adult
de novo acute myeloid leukemia in first
remission after induction therapy
containing high-dose cytarabine. Blood.
105(2):481-8.
Breakspear M, Stam, CJ. Dynamics of
a neural system with a multiscale
architecture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 1-24.
Brennan M, French J, Houssami N, Kirk
J, Boyages J. Breast cancer in young
women. Aust Fam Physician.
34(10):851-5.
Brickman AM, Paul RH, Cohen RA,
Williams LM, MacGregor KL, Jefferson
AL, Tate DF, Gunstad J, & Gordon E.
Category and letter verbal fluency
across the adult lifespan: Relationship to
EEG theta power Arch Clin
Neuropsychology 20,
561-573.
Brocardo M, Nathke IS, Henderson BR.
Redefining the subcellular location and
transport of APC: new insights using a
panel of antibodies. EMBO Reports
6(2):184-90.
Bryant RA, Felmingham KL, Kemp AH,
Barton M, Rennie CJ, Gordon E &
Williams LM. Neural networks of
information processing in Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder: A Functional MRI
Study. Biol Psychiatry 58, 111-118.
Bugeja MJ, Booth DR, Bennetts BH,
Heard RN, Burgner D, Stewart GJ. An
investigation of NOS2A promoter
polymorphisms in Australian multiple
sclerosis patients. Eur J Hum Genet.
13(7):815-22.
Bugge E, Nicholson IA, Thomas SP.
Comparison of bipolar and unipolar
radiofrequency ablation in an in vivo
experimental model. Eur J Cardiothorac
Surg. 28(1):76-80; discussion 80-2.
Byrne JA, Balleine RL, Fejzo MS,
Mercieca J, Chiew YE, Livnat Y, St
Heaps L, Peters GB, Byth K, Karlan BY,
Slamon DJ, Harnett P, Defazio A. Tumor
protein D52 (TPD52) is overexpressed
and a gene amplification target in
ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer
20;117(6):1049-54.
Cali L, Wang B, Mikhail M, Gill MJ,
Beckthold B, Salemi M, Jans DA, Piller
SC, Saksena NK. Evidence for hostdriven
selection of the HIV type 1 vpr
gene in vivo during HIV disease
progression in a transfusion-acquired
cohort. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
21(8):728-33.
Campana D, Iwamoto S, Bendall L,
Bradstock K. Growth requirements and
immunophenotype of acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia progenitors.
Blood 105(10):4150.
Campbell LT, Currie BJ, Krockenberger
M, Malik R, Meyer W, Heitman J, Carter
D. Clonality and recombination in
genetically differentiated subgroups of
Cryptococcus gattii. Eukaryot Cell.
4(8):1403-9.
Chandrasekaran S, Rochtchina E,
Mitchell P. Effects of caffeine on
intraocular pressure: the Blue Mountains
Eye Study. J Glaucoma. 14(6):504-7.
Chapman JR, O’Connell PJ, Nankivell
BJ. Chronic renal allograft dysfunction.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 16(10):3015-26.
Chapman JR. Commentary:
harmonizing the regulators.
Transplantation. 79(6):638.
Chapman JR. Longitudinal analysis of
chronic allograft nephropathy:
Clinicopathologic correlations. Kidney
Int Suppl. 99:S108-12.
Chew CB, Potter SJ, Wang B, Wang
YM, Shaw CO, Dwyer DE, Saksena NK.
Assessment of drug resistance
mutations in plasma and peripheral
blood mononuclear cells at different
plasma viral loads in patients receiving
HAART. J Clin Virol. 33(3):206-16.
Chhour KL, Nadkarni MA, Byun R,
Martin FE, Jacques NA, Hunter N.
Molecular analysis of microbial diversity
in advanced caries. J Clin Microbiol
43(2): 843-9
Chua B, Kifley A, Wong TY, Mitchell P.
Homocysteine and retinal vein
occlusion: a population-based study.
American Journal of Ophthalmology
139(1):181-2
Chua B, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P.
Temporal changes in the control of
blood pressure in an older Australian
population. Journal of Human
Hypertension 19(9):691-6
Chua R, Thomas SP. Infrequent
syncope in a heavy vehicle driver.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 28(4):346-7.
Coen M, O’Sullivan M, Bubb WA,
Kuchel PW, Sorrell T. Proton nuclear
magnetic resonance-based
metabonomics for rapid diagnosis of
meningitis and ventriculitis. Clin Infect
Dis. 1(11):1582-90.
Coleman P, Harris DCH, Wigmore T,
Stachowski E, Graudins A. Delayed
neurologic sequelae resulting from
epidemic diethylene glycol poisoning.
Clinical Toxicology 43: 155-159.
Convenor DV, Robertson A, Chapman
J, Chadban S. Deceased kidney donor
suitability guidelines. Nephrology 10 :
S116-132.
Coombes JD, Mreich E, Liddle C,
Rangan GK. Rapamycin worsens
renal function and intratubular cast
formation in protein overload
nephropathy. Kidney Int. 68(6):2599-607.
Cooper N, Debrota D, Keage H,
Hermens D, Williams LM, Clark CR,
Gordon E.The dose-dependent effect of
methylphenidate on performance,
cognition and psychophysiology. J
Integrative Neurosci. 4, 123-144.
Cosstick M, Robaei D, Rose K,
Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Numerical
confusion errors in ishihara testing:
findings from a population-based study.
Am J Ophthalmol. 140(1):154-6.
Crowther H, Collins D, Antonenas V,
McGurgan M, Kerridge I, Gottlieb D,
Bradstock K. Successful autologous
peripheral blood stem cell harvest and
transplant in a patient with cold
agglutinins. Bone Marrow Transplant.
Nov 21; [Epub ahead of print]
Cua IH, George J. Non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease. Hosp Med.
66(2):106-11. Review.
Cugati S, Cikamatana L, Wang JJ,
Kifley A, Liew G, Mitchell P. Five-year
incidence and progression of vascular
retinopathy in persons without diabetes:
the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Eye. Sep
16; [Epub ahead of print]
Das P, Kemp AH, Liddell BJ, Brown KJ,
Olivieri G, Peduto A, Gordon E, Williams
LM. Pathways for fear perception:
Modulation of amygdala activity by the
thalamo-cortical systems. NeuroImage.
26, 141-148
Dela Pena A, Leclercq I, Field J, George
J, Jones B, Farrell G. NF-kappaB
activation, rather than TNF, mediates
hepatic inflammation in a murine dietary
model of steatohepatitis.
Gastroenterology. 129(5):1663-74.
Djordjevic JT, Del Poeta M, Sorrell TC,
Turner KM, Wright LC. Secretion of
cryptococcal phospholipase B1 (PLB1)
is regulated by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol
(GPI) anchor.
Biochem J. Aug 1;389(Pt 3):803-12.

Elder G. Parathyroidextomy in the
calcimimetic era. Nephrology 10: 511-15
Elder EE, Elder G, Larsson C.
Pheochromocytoma and functional
paraganglioma syndrome: no longer the
10% tumour. J Surg Oncol 89: 193-201.
Esteban LM, Fong C, Amr D, Cock TA,
Allison SJ, Flanagan JL, Liddle C,
Eisman JA, Gardiner EM. Promoter-,
cell- and ligand-specific transactivation
responses of the VDRB1 isoform.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 19: 9-15.
Farrell GC. Signalling links in the liver:
knitting SOCS with fat and
inflammation. J Hepatol. 43(1):193-6.
Farrell GC, George J, Hall PM,
McCullough A (Editors). Fatty liver
disease: NASH and related disorders.
Blackwell Publishing, London. 1-320.
Farrow TFD Whitford TJ, Williams LM,
Gomes L, Harris AWF. Diagnosis-related
regional grey matter loss over two years
in first episode schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 58: 13-723.
Gallagher S, Kefford RF, Rizos H.
Enforced expression of p14ARF induces
p53-dependent cell cycle arrest but not
apoptosis. Cell Cycle. 4(3):465-72.
Geevasinga N, Kairaitis L, Rangan GK,
Coleman PL. Acute interstitial nephritis
secondary to esomprazole. Med J Aust
182: 235-36.
Golding M, Mitchell P, Cupples L. Risk
markers for the graded severity of
auditory processing abnormality in an
older Australian population: the Blue
Mountains Hearing Study. J Am Acad
Audiol. 16(6):348-56.
Gordon E, Cooper N, Rennie C,
Hermens D, WilliamsLM. Integrative
neuroscience: the role of a standardised
database. Clinical EEG and Neurosci.
36: 64-75.
Gorry PR, Churchill M, Crowe SM,
Cunningham AL, Gabuzda D.
Pathogenesis of macrophage tropic
HIV-1. Curr HIV Res. 3(1):53-60.
Graham JD, Yager ML, Hill HD, Byth K,
O’Neill GM, Clarke CL. Altered
progesterone receptor isoform
expression remodels progestin
responsiveness of breast cancer cells.
Mol Endocrinol. 19(11):2713-35.
Gray L, Sterjovski J, Churchill M, Ellery
P, Nasr N, Lewin SR, Crowe SM,
Wesselingh SL, Cunningham AL, Gorry
PR. Uncoupling coreceptor usage of
human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) from macrophage tropism
reveals biological properties of CCR5-
restricted HIV-1 isolates from patients
with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome. Virology. 337(2):384-98.
Grieve S, Clark CR, Williams LM,
Gordon E. Preservation of limbic and
paralimbic regions with aging. Human
Brain Mapping. 25:391-401.
Grigg AP, Reynolds J, McQuillan A,
Juneja SK, Di Iulio J, Hui C, Smith C,
Kimber R, Bradstock KF. Prognostic
features for response and survival in
elderly patients with de novo acute
myeloid leukemia treated with
mitoxantrone and intermediate dose
cytarabine. Leukemia Lymphoma
46(3):367-75.
Groth CG, Chapman JR. The global
alliance for transplantation.
Transplantation 79; 994-996.
Grulich AE, Cunningham P, Munier ML,
Prestage G, Amin J, Ringland C, Whitby
D, Kippax S, Kaldor JM, Rawlinson W.
Sexual behaviour and human
herpesvirus 8 infection in homosexual
men in Australia. Sex Health 2(1):13-8.
Guminski AD, Balleine RL, Chiew YE,
Webster LR, Tapner M, Farrell GC,
Harnett PR, Defazio A. MRP2 (ABCC2)
and cisplatin sensitivity in hepatocytes
and human ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol
Oncol. Oct 3; [Epub ahead of print]
Gunton JE, Kulkarni RN, Yim S, Okada
T, Hawthorne WJ, Tseng YH, Roberson
RS, Ricordi C, O’Connell PJ, Gonzalez
FJ, Kahn CR. Loss of ARNT/HIF1beta
mediates altered gene expression and
pancreatic-islet dysfunction in human
type 2 diabetes. Cell 122: 337-349.
Harland M, Taylor CF, Bass S,
Churchman M, Randerson-Moor JA,
Holland EA, Mann GJ, Bishop DT,
Newton Bishop JA. Intronic sequence
variants of the CDKN2A gene in
melanoma pedigrees. Genes
Chromosomes and Cancer 43(2):128-36.
Harty D. Virulence factors in
streptococcal endocarditis. Microbiol
Aust 26: 113-15
Harris A, Brennan J, Anderson J, Taylor
A, Sanbrook M, Fitzgerald D, Lucas S,
Redoblado-Hodge A, Gomes L,
Gordon E. Clinical profiles, scope and
general findings of the Western Sydney
First Episode Psychosis Project. J
Psychiatry. 39:36-43.
Harris DC, Rangan GK. Retardation of
kidney failure - applying principles to
practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore.
34(1):16-23.
Healey PR, Crowston JG. Trypan blue
identifies antimetabolite treatment area
in trabeculectomy. Brit J
Ophthalmology. 89(9):1152-6
Henderson BR. Regulation of BRCA1,
BRCA2 and BARD1 intracellular
trafficking. Bioessays. 27(9):884-93.
Hermens DF Cooper N, Kohn M, Clarke
S, Gordon E, Williams LM. Predicting
stimulant medication response in
ADHD: Evidence from an integrated
profile of neuro-psychological,
psychophysiological and clinical factors.
J Integrative Neurosci. 4:107-121.
Hermens DF, Clark S, Kohn M, Williams
LM, Gordon E. Responses to
methylphenidate in adolescent
AD/HD: evidence from concurently
recorded autonomic (EDA) and central
(EEG and ERP) measures. Int J
Psychophysiology. 28:21-33.
Hermens DF, Kohn M, Clarke S,
Gordon E, Williams LM. Sex differences
in adolescent ADHD: Findings from
concurrent EEG and EDA. Clinical
Neurophysiology. 116:1455-1463.
Hermens DF, Soei E, Clarke SD, Kohn
MR, Gordon E, Williams LM. Resting
EEG theta activity predicts cognitive
performance in ADHD. Paediatric
Neurology 32:248-256.
Himmelreich U, Accurso R, Malik R,
Dolenko B, Somorjai RL, Gupta RK,
Gomes L, Mountford CE, Sorrell TC.
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus
brain abscesses: rat and human studies
with 1H MR spectroscopy. Radiology.
236(1):261-70.
Himmelreich U, Somorjai RL, Dolenko
B, Daniel HM, Sorrell TC. A rapid
screening test to distinguish between
Candida albicans and Candida
dubliniensis using NMR spectroscopy.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 251(2):327-32.
Hitchins M, Williams R, Cheong K,
Halani N, Lin VA, Packham D, Ku S,
Buckle A, Hawkins N, Burn J, Gallinger
S, Goldblatt J, Kirk J, Tomlinson I, Scott
R, Spigelman A, Suter C, Martin D,
Suthers G, Ward R. MLH1 germline
epimutations as a factor in hereditary
nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Gastroenterology 129(5):1392-9.
Hsu MK, Qiao L, Ho V, Zhang BH,
Zhang H, Teoh N, Dent P, Farrell GC.
Ethanol reduces p38 kinase activation
and cyclin D1 protein expression after
partial hepatectomy in rats. J Hepatol.
26: [Epub ahead of print]
Hui J, George J. Reduced plasma
adiponectin: central obesity as an
underestimated causative risk factor.
Hepatoloy. 41: 401-402
Hui J, George J. Adiponectin – Tipping
the scales from NAFLD to NASH
Gastroenterology. 128:513.
Hunter N, Collyer YB, Crossley MJ.
Targeting of a key pathogen in a
polymicrobial infection. Microbiol. Aust.
26:122-23
Huynh S, Kifley A, Strippoli G, Mitchell
P. Is renal impairment a predictor of the
incidence of cataract or cataract
surgery? Findings from a populationbased
study. Ophthalmology
112(2):293-300
Huynh SC, Ojaimi E, Robaei D, Rose K,
Mitchell P. Accuracy of the Lang II
Stereotest in Screening for Binocular
Disorders in 6-year-old Children. Am J
Ophthalmol. 140(6):1130-2.
International Multiple Sclerosis
Consortium (include Stewart G, Booth
D) A high-density screen for linkage in
multiple sclerosis. Am J Hum Genet.
77: 454-467.
Iredell J, Lipman J. Antibiotic resistance
in the intensive care unit: a primer in
bacteriology. Anaesth Intensive Care.
33(2):188-95.
Jacques N. Microbiology in decay:
a field needing filling. Microbiol Aust 26:
100-101
Jang N, Stewart G, Jones G.
Polymorphisms within the PHF11 gene
at chromosome 13q14 are associated
with childhood atopic dermatitis. Genes
Immun. 6(3):262-4.
Jee J, Wang JJ, Rose KA, Lindley R,
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The Millennium Foundation
The Millennium Foundation
is the main fundraising body
supporting Westmead
Millennium Institute.
The Foundation assists the Institute by providing scholarships and
grants each year. These grants include ‘initiating’or ‘start-up’ grants
which enable young doctors and scientists to commence an
exciting and significant career in medical research. ‘Top-up’ grants
are then provided to enablethe continuation of their vital work.
Additionally, the Foundation raises funds to support our research
teams to continue the ongoing search for cures and treatments.
Funds are raised typically from a number of sources including
corporate partners, individual donors, community giving, bequests
and events.
Fundraising highlights for 2005
A Night With The Stars – Held at the Westin Hotel Sydney in March
2005, a record 860 guests, where entertained by a host of well
known stars and celebrities as well as leading politicians. Guests
dug deep and an outstanding $500,000 was raised on the night.
A big thank you to Yum! Restaurants International and all other
sponsors and supporters of the night.
Pollie Pedal 2005 – The 7th Pollie Pedal was held in April with
participants cycling over 1,000 kms from Sydney to Tamworth and
back to Sydney. Organised by The Hon Tony Abbott’s office and
The Millennium Foundation, this year’s ride raised a record
$200,000. We are grateful for the support of sponsors and the
cyclists who participated in the event.
Clubs Race Day – The Millennium Foundation’s annual Club Race
Day held at Rosehill Gardens is always a great event on our
calendar. Always well supported by the clubs of Western Sydney
and their suppliers, the day raised $52,000.
Holroyd Rotary Princess Quest – Six lively and enthusiastic young
women took on the task of raising money for the 2005 Holroyd
Rotary Princess Quest which benefited Ovarian Cancer. Together
they raised a outstanding $50,000.
Chinese Banquet – The NSW Chefs Association held its inaugural
Charity Gala Dinner in November 2004. 30 of NSW’s most famous
Chinese Chefs prepared a sumptuous eight course dinner and
raised over $40,000 to aid a liver disease laboratory. Thank you to
the NSW Chefs Association.
How can you help us?
Medical research relies on the support
of individuals, business, community and
service groups.
Any assistance you can give, large or small,
is valuable and amounts over $2.00 are tax
deductible.
Donations can be made by sending a
cheque, money order or credit card details
to the following address:
The Millennium Foundation
PO Box 74
Westmead NSW 2145
Telephone +61 2 9845 6289
Fax +61 2 9687 0956
Email foundation@wmi.usyd.edu.au
For more information about how you
can help support medical research,
call our toll free number: 1800 639 037

Westmead Millennium
Institute at a glance
Research Divisions
Infection and Immunity
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
Centre for Virus Research
Centre for Transplant and Renal Research
Institute of Dental Research
Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research
Cancer
Westmead Institute for Cancer Research
Liver and Metabolic
Storr Liver Unit
Neuroscience and Vision
Brain Dynamics Centre
Centre for Vision Research
Cardio-respiratory
Centre for Heart Research
Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research
Core Research Facilities
Bioinformatics
Confocal Microscope
DNA Microarray
DNA Sequencer
Electron Microscope
Flow Cytometry
Protein Production
DNA irradiation
Collaborative Research Centres
NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence to Improve Outcomes in Chronic
Liver Disease
NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence in Renal Medicine
NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research
Excellence to Improve Outcomes in
Immunosuppressed Haematology Patients
Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis
Virology Research
The Sydney Myopia Study
The Sydney Paediatric Eye Study
The Blue Mountain Eye Study
Australian Melanoma Family Study
NSW Breast Cancer Tissue Bank
International Melanoma Consortium
Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium
for Research into Familial Breast Cancer
The IDEAL Trial - Initiating Dialysis
Early and Late
Genes Associated with Multiple Sclerosis
in Europeans (GAME)
Swedish and Australian Collaboration
for Research into Atopic Dermatitis
National Pancreas Transplantation Centre
designed and produced by the gallery

Darcy Road, PO Box 412
Westmead NSW Australia
Telephone +61 2 9845 9000
Fax +61 2 9845 9100
www.wmi.usyd.edu.au