Farming Systems Design 2007 - International Environmental ...

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Farming Systems Design 2007 Field-farm scale design and improvement Session 2.1: Novel production systems and systems for marginal areas Session Convenors: Salvatore Cosentino, Carlos Diaz-Ambrona and Hans Langeveld - 12 -
Farming Systems Design 2007 How to obtain a representative sample of economic studies in the areas with strong mobility? Case of the Senegalese Sahel (Ferlo) A. Wane 1 , I. Touré 2 , B. Toutain 3 , V. Ancey 4 , A. T. Diop 5 , A. Ickowicz 6 Field-farm scale design and improvement 1 Economist - URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, awane@cirad.fr 2 Geographer - URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, ibra.toure@cirad.fr 3 Pastoralist - URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Montpellier, France, Bernard.toutain@cirad.fr 4 Socio-economist - URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, ppzsdkr@orange.sn 5 Veterinary-Pastoralist - URP Pastoralism – ISRA-PPZS, Dakar, Senegal, amtadiop@orange.sn 6 Veterinary-Pastoralist - URP Pastoralism – Cirad-PPZS - Montpellier, France, aickowicz@cirad.fr Introduction The weakness of the Senegalese mechanisms to collect economical data and the dominance of informal exchanges explain the present gaps in the statistics concerning the primary economic sector, and subsequently the livestock sector. The pastoral extensive livestock production system, localized in the Sahelian region, the Ferlo, is concerned. This complex system constitutes apparently more or less organized networks and market chains justifying statistical economical analyses to understand their dynamic (Hatfield and Davies, 2006). These analyses, however, are constrained by methodological difficulties caused by the mobility of the population and the extent of area (Ferlo covers 67610 km², the third of the Senegalese territory). In this context, how to obtain a representative sample for economic analysis of the most important livestock production area in Senegal? The aim of this contribution is the formalization of a data collection methodology adapted to the study of pastoral mobile populations. The results of the application in Ferlo provide primary data about pastoral activities, a basis for economic analysis and their relevance are discussed. Methodology We propose an approach at two sampling levels for countries lacking in reliable statistical data. Frame 1: sampling process in Ferlo 1 st level of sampling Statistical and analytical choice of 5 focal sites following pedological, climatic, ecological, and socio-economic criteria Identification of boreholes and area of influence (within a radius of 15 km) of focal sites Referencing encampments by GPS within area of influence of focal sites. Encampment classification according to the livestock size Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) (try not carried out in this study) Determination of potential sites using a data base on poverty in Senegal and cartography Choice of the sites near the barycentres 2 nd level Choice of encampments for investigations We call focal sites delimited areas where ecological factors, populations and activities present a certain unity. At this stage is applied a data analysis using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). These focal sites were our first places of investigation according to the time, the human resources and the money available. The other sites not selected are kept to test the relevance of the site selection and could be used for a scaling up of the study. The tools used for statistical analysis was Xlstat Pro 7.5 and for the geographical approach and cartography the software Map Info 7.0. The investigation units are the encampments. The pastoral family is formed by a whole of households. They are units of management and production, agglomerated in the basis of extensive family relationships in houses - 13 -
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