Isolation and identification of soil mycoflora with special reference to ...

“Isolation and identification of Soil mycoflora with
special reference to Ceratocystis fimbriata in
decline affected mango orchards of Multan,
Pakistan”
1
Asif Mahmood Arif, 1 Munawar Raza Kazmi, 1 Faisal Sohail Fateh,
1
Iftikhar Ahmad, 2 Inam-ul-Haq
1
National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad,
2
Univeristy of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi.

Contents
‣ Introduction
‣ Objective
‣ Materials and methods
‣ Results and discussions
‣ Conclusion
‣ Way forward

INTRODUCTION
Mango
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most popular
fruit due to its taste and nutritional contents. It
belongs to the family Anacardiaceae.
In Pakistan, mango stands second in area and
production after citrus.

Mango is grown on area of 198380 hec. with
production of 1845528 tonnes.
Mango as foreign exchange earning crop.
It contributes 24% to GDP.
Only mango export is 1,27,000 tonnes with
a value of 6.2 million US dollars in 2009-10

Mango Sudden Death
Common
Diseases
Malformation
Powdery Mildew
Anthracnose

• Among several diseases, mango decline is the most
important malady.
• The symptoms of decline are leaf drooping, bark
splitting, stem canker and stem gummosis

Objectives
‣ To have inventory of soil mycoflora of mango orchards in
Multan in general.
‣ To check the presence of ceratocystis fimbriata in soil of the
orchards in particular.
‣ To check the role of ceratocystis fimbriata for causing
mortality alone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Survey &
Sampling:
N
Disrtict Surveyed
Multan
SINDH
INDIA
30 o 00 N, 70 o 00 E

‣ Isolation
Serial Soil dilution method.
‣ Identification
The identification was made on the basis of morphological characters
(colony characteristics, mycelial growth and presence of conidia).
‣ Determination of Fungal Frequencies
Frequency (%) = No. of colonies of a particular fungus 100
Total no. of colonies

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Fig. 1. Fungal frequency (%) isolated from soil of decline affected mango orchards
C. fimbriata 62.66%, F. solani 20%, B. theobromae 12%,
Alternaria alternata 2.66% , Aspergillus Sp. 2.66% .

Fig. A. Conidia and conidiophores
of C. fimbriata
Fig. B Botryodiplodia theobromae

Fig. C. Fusarium solani
Fig. D. Alternaria alternata

Soil drenching method
Pathogenicity test

Pathogenicity Results
(Injured Roots)
S. No Fungi Symptoms
1 C. fimbriata Leaf drooping, bark splitting, stem canker, stem
gummosis
2 B. theobromae Leaf drooping
3 F. solani Leaf drooping & bark splitting
4 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae Leaf drooping, Bark splitting and stem canker
5 C. fimbriata+ F. solani Leaf drooping, Bark splitting and stem canker
6 B. theobromae+ F. solani Leaf drooping & bark splitting
7 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae+ F. solani Leaf drooping, bark splitting, stem canker, stem
gummosis

Pathogenicity Results
(Non-injured Roots)
S. No Isolated Fungi Symptoms
1 C. fimbriata Salt injury, gummosis
2 B. theobromae No Symptoms
3 F. solani Stem gummosis
4 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae Salt injury
5 C. fimbriata+ F. solani Gummosis
6 B. theobromae+ F. solani No symptoms
7 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae+ F. solani Gummosis

‣ Re-isolation
Except B. theobromae the fungus C. fimbriata and F. solani were reisolated
from the diseased mango plants. Hence, proved the association of
C. fimbriata alone and with combination to F. solani in mango decline
disease.

Conclusion
This study proved that fungus C. fimbriata
remains in the soil and on injury it enter
through the wounds and cause decline.

Way Forward
‣Adoption of high efficiency irrigation system.
‣Need to increase fertility of soil.

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
This part of study was done under ASLP Mango Project
“Development of integrated crop management practices to
increase sustainable yield and quality of mangoes in Pakistan
and Australia” funded by Aus-Aid through ACIAR Govt. of
Australia.

QUESTIONS
???