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Criminal Justice Criminal Justice at the Crossroads A long overdue revolution in California’s criminal justice policy came in 2011 with the passage of AB 109, a groundbreaking “realignment” law that will give counties—rather than the state—responsibility for managing low-level, nonviolent offenders. The legislative findings contained in the law are remarkable in their acknowledgment of the utter failure of 30 years of “lock ‘em up and throw away the key” mentality in California. Our 2012 report finds that realignment is a promising step toward reducing state prison populations, but it does not go far enough. Going forward, the ACLU of California is asking state legislators to enact smart sentencing reforms that would save taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars annually and free up jail and prison space for those who have committed more serious crimes. For example, making the penalty for possession of small amounts of drugs a misdemeanor instead of a felony will save state and local budgets $200 million. But far more is at stake than the transfer of inmates. If properly implemented, realignment will reverse decades of over-reliance upon incarceration, improve public safety, and save taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars each year. This momentous policy shift followed a historic 2011 U.S. Supreme Court decision (Brown v. Plata), which found overcrowding in California’s prisons to be so severe as to constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Just ten days after the legislation was signed, the ACLU sent a 12-step plan to every county in the state, urging a fundamental shift in criminal justice policies toward smart-on-crime alternatives to incarceration. A number of counties have adopted many of our recommendations, while some counties are proving intransigent. ACLU attorneys, members, and allies have directly engaged in counties statewide through targeted advocacy letters, emails, testimony at public hearings, one-on-one briefings with public officials, rallies, and even organized phone-ins to sheriffs. And in early 2012, we issued a follow-up report, California at a Crossroads, in which we reviewed and analyzed 48 county realignment implementation plans. We’re also pushing for the state to end pre-trial detention of people who pose no risk to public safety—many of whom languish in jail for months without having been convicted of a crime, often because they can’t afford bail. Fully 70% of inmates in jail are there awaiting trial. Community members protest the expansion of the county jail in Fresno. photo by Mike Rhodes. The incarceration crisis is one of the defining civil rights issues of our time, and 2011 brought some momentous and heartening changes. But it will take a great deal of grassroots advocacy to encourage our lawmakers and local government officials to seize the opportunity for meaningful reform. 6
“Criminal justice policies that rely on building and operating more prisons to address community safety concerns are not sustainable, and will not result in improved public safety.” –AB 109 legislative findings The above graphics are from California at a Crossroads, a report produced by the ACLU in early 2012 and sent to every county in California, urging a fundamental shift in criminal justice policies toward smart-on-crime alternatives to incarceration. 7
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