King Solomon's Takanah: Rambam's Eruv - Hakirah.org

196 : Hạkirah, the Flatbush Journal of Jewish Law and Thought
לא עורבין אסורין:‏ מפני שהבית מיוחדת לבעלים רה
והחצר רשות לכולן ונמצא מוציא מרשות לרשות אע"פ ששתיהם רה"י,‏ ולעשות
סייג לתורה להרחיק שלא יוצא מרה"י לרה"ר"(שבת ו
כרמלית ‏(מבוי
גזור עליה משום דאתי לאחלופי ברה"ר ושריוה בתקנתא דלחי וקורה
דלהוי הכירא דלא ליתי למשרי ברה"ר גמורה ‏(רש'י ריש ערובין
" ‏.רה ‏"י to a ‏"ר from a
( . This is similar to the
reason for the prohibition of carrying in a ( as well
ורבנן ―
( . Thus, in fact,
there is no conceptual novelty in the halachos of eruvin. According to
Rashi, eruvin and carrying on Shabbos is an integrated issue, and all
the Rabbinic הרחקות are of a practical nature to prevent an individual
from errantly carrying on Shabbos because he does not understand
לחי . The requirement to place a superfluous ‏"ר that the area is a
is to make clear that in areas of מבוי on the fourth side of a וקורה
public traffic, one cannot simply assume that carrying is permitted.
Along with legislation permitting carrying in a מקום פטור which is
subject to public traffic such as a ‏,מבוי came the requirement of
delineation of the area with a וקורה ‏.לחי Were they to allow carrying
without any tikun, it would not be clear that in a similar area which
רה
רה
actually qualifies as a ‏"ר it is prohibited to carry, and therefore
people might carry there. According to Rashi, after doors have been
placed on the main road of Yerushalayim, the environment still
resembles a ‏"ר , therefore Chazal maintained the prohibition of
carrying there until the community was מערב with ‏.פת By instituting
the eruv process it was made clear to the inhabitants that one cannot
take for granted the right to carry in public, but they may only carry
רה
33 ‏.רה ‏"י when the area has been converted to a
ד ' the In contrast, Rambam clearly distinguishes between
Eruvin, In Hilchos ‏.אסורי ערובין ' and שבת discussed in רשויות דרבנן
‏"י רה the target of Rabbinic legislation is a segment of what comprises
הל
33 According to Rashi, so integrated are the laws of eruvin with the laws of
Shabbos, that although he believes the laws of Shabbos require that in a
city that is a ‏"ר it is necessary to make tikunim וקורה)‏ ‏(לחי on all its
this requirement is suspended if the city was originally ‏,מבואות המפולשין
(i.e., it did not have 600,000 people). Since the people of the עיר של יחיד
city had been accustomed to be מערב together, even after the city has
become a ‏"ר , they may continue to do so and rely on only one general
tikun on the main street which is the only actual ‏"ר of the city. (See
Rashi Eruvin 59a, 60a "
( .)
רה
רה
רה
דכל מבואות המפולשין הוו כרה"ר ובעו תקנתא מדרבנן
דמיחלפי ברה"ר אבל בעיר של יחיד מוכחא מילתיה"‏ ‏(נט.‏ ד"ה לחי מכאן