Green Harbours: Hong Kong and Shenzhen - Reducing Marine

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE...........................................................................................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................................................................
ABOUT CIVIC EXCHANGE AND THE AUTHORS...................................................................................................................
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................................
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................................
Part I—IMPACT OF GROWING MARINE EMISSIONS..........................................................................................................
1.1 Booming Trade...............................................................................................................................................................
1.2 Soaring Pollution Levels.............................................................................................................................................
1.3 Millions Exposed to Shipping Emissions..............................................................................................................
1.4 Hong Kong & Shenzhen Lag Behind North American and European Ports............................................
1.5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions.........................................................................................................................................
Part II—INTERNATIONAL REGULATION—MARPOL ANNEX VI......................................................................................
2.1 Sulphur Emission Control..........................................................................................................................................
2.2 NO x
Emissions.................................................................................................................................................................
2.3 Local Craft in Hong Kong...........................................................................................................................................
PART III—LOCAL and REGIONAL INITIATIVES......................................................................................................................
3.1 HKSAR Government Initiatives.................................................................................................................................
3.2 Private Sector Initiatives.............................................................................................................................................
3.3 PRD Initiatives................................................................................................................................................................
PART IV—INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE.........................................................................................................................
4.1 Europe...............................................................................................................................................................................
4.2 North America................................................................................................................................................................
Part V—LESSONS FROM CALIFORNIA: POLA & POLB CASE STUDIES.........................................................................
5.1 Curtailing Ship Emissions Faster..............................................................................................................................
5.2 Clean Trucks Program..................................................................................................................................................
5.3 Proposed CARB Regulation.......................................................................................................................................
PART VI—CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................
6.1 Foster Greater Collaboration.....................................................................................................................................
6.2 Develop a Comprehensive Strategy.......................................................................................................................
6.3 Develop Clean Fuels Initiatives................................................................................................................................
6.4 Ongoing Training Programmes for Industry.......................................................................................................
6.5 Conduct Research.........................................................................................................................................................
ENDNOTES.......................................................................................................................................................................................
APPENDIX A—Reducing vessel emissions—worldwide summary............................................................................
APPENDIX B—Reducing local emissions at port—worldwide summary.................................................................
APPENDIX C—Awards and Incentives—worldwide summary.....................................................................................
APPENDIX D—Major initiatives by region...........................................................................................................................
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Green Harbours: Hong Kong and Shenzen—Reducing Marine and Port-related Emissions
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