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Treatment: Surgical Intervention<br />

• Chemical Sympathectomy<br />

• Phenol, alcohol<br />

• Longer than sympathetic blockade<br />

• Pain recurs<br />

• Radiofrequency Sympathectomy<br />

• Endoscopic-guided Sympathectomy<br />

• Open Surgical Sympathectomy<br />

• Results: 12-90% efficacy<br />

30% recurrence<br />

• Complications: sympathalgia in 7-44% of patients

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