BREATH-HOLD DIVING Workshop Proceedings - Divers Alert Network

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Recommended Citation: Lindholm P, Pollock NW, Lundgren CEG, eds. Breath-hold diving. Proceedings of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society/Divers Alert Network 2006 June 20-21 Workshop. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network; 2006. Copyright © 2006 by Divers Alert Network 6 West Colony Place Durham, NC 27705 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the publisher. This diving safety workshop and the publication of this document were jointly sponsored by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society and Divers Alert Network. Opinions and data presented at the Workshop and in these Proceedings are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society or Divers Alert Network. Cover design by Alison Ma. ISBN 978-1-930536-36-4 ii
CONTENTS UNDERSEA AND HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOCIETY DIVERS ALERT NETWORK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS UNIT CONVERSIONS v v vi vi 2006 UHMS/DAN BREATH-HOLD WORKSHOP: OPENING REMARKS 1 THE SCIENCE OF BREATH-HOLD DIVING: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 2 Claes E.G. Lundgren NITROGEN NARCOSIS DURING NO LIMITS FREEDIVING 17 WORLD RECORD DIVE TO 160 m (525 ft) Tanya Streeter PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE RISK OF LOSS 26 OF CONSCIOUSNESS DURING BREATH-HOLD DIVING Peter Lindholm INCREASED LEVELS OF THE BRAIN DAMAGE MARKER S100B AFTER 32 APNEAS IN COMPETITIVE BREATH-HOLD DIVERS Johan P.A. Andersson, Mats H. Liner, Henrik Jonsson APNEA DIVERS: HYPOXYPHILIACS, ATHLETES, OR VALUABLE 36 MEDICAL RESEARCH SUBJECTS? Lynne Ridgway, Ken McFarland 'SAMBA', 'MOOGLIES' AND OTHER ACUTE EFFECTS OF APNEA 39 Lynne Ridgway, Ken McFarland, Ian B. Stewart, Andrew C. Bulmer DEVELOPMENT OF THE DAN BREATH-HOLD INCIDENT DATABASE 46 Neal W. Pollock DAN BREATH-HOLD INCIDENT DATABASE: 2004-2005 CASES 56 Sheila J. Modi, Neal W. Pollock DIVING HABITS HISTORICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH 'SHALLOW WATER 60 BLACKOUT' IN HAWAIIAN FREEDIVERS Richard W. Smerz, Frank Farm, Jr A PROPOSED 60 SECOND LIMIT FOR BREATH-HOLD DIVING 64 Frank K. Butler SHALLOW WATER BLACKOUT: THE PROBLEM AND A POTENTIAL SOLUTION 75 Terry L. Maas iii
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Page 7 and 8: UNDERSEA AND HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC
Page 9 and 10: 2006 UHMS/DAN BREATH-HOLD WORKSHOP:
Page 11 and 12: Now, some of you may have seen one
Page 13 and 14: showing what is predicted in terms
Page 15 and 16: oxygen, although I believe it is a
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6: Diving response in terms
Page 19 and 20: Figure 8: On the horizontal axis is
Page 21 and 22: Figure 10. Relative occurrence of a
Page 23 and 24: 8. Ferretti G, Costa M, Ferrigno M,
Page 25 and 26: In: Lindholm P, Pollock NW, Lundgre
Page 27 and 28: Caribbean, so I am spoiled rotten b
Page 29 and 30: I, for one, believe, it is kinder o
Page 31 and 32: and 500 ft [122 and 152 m] compress
Page 33 and 34: MS. STREETER: That is a really good
Page 35 and 36: swimming at 30 m (98 ft) with 2% ox
Page 37 and 38: 14. Lindholm P, Lundgren CEG. Alveo
Page 39 and 40: It is becoming in Europe, of course
Page 41 and 42: control or loss of consciousness wa
Page 43 and 44: DR. SMITH: This could be a normal p
Page 45 and 46: Results Divers were 31.0± 7.2 (mea
Page 47 and 48: In: Lindholm P, Pollock NW, Lundgre
Page 49 and 50: Table 1. Differences between divers
Page 51 and 52: On the following day, divers' perfo
Page 53 and 54: DR. LUNDGREN: Dr. Dueker's comment
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partner noticed that there was litt
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Many of the field descriptions prov
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Max Depth (fsw) and Time (s) 120 11
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This case highlights several issues
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that afflicts most of these tools i
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16 14 12 Male Female Number of Case
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DR. SHANK: I would like to have you
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Table 1: Subject Characteristics (m
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DR. BUTLER: It was striking that in
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Consider for a moment how the divin
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100 95 90 SpO2 (%) 85 80 75 Breath-
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I know that two groups are not goin
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measured the saturation in some of
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Another study on hyperventilation w
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In: Lindholm P, Pollock NW, Lundgre
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We also hypothesize that oxygen dep
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WORKSHOP DISCUSSION MR. KRACK: When
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DR. MAAS: Fascinating. Yes. That ki
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Constant no fins, which is swimming
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giving the okay signal the whole ti
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away and moving towards the surface
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Or the next thing we would see, the
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writing continues normally. It is n
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DR. MACRIS: So you have a physician
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MR. KRACK: I have not experienced n
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V GIV VC TLC VC GI TLC GI GEV RV RV
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References 1. Adir Y, Shupak A, Gil
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The other thing is the long-term ef
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The vocal cords reflexively close w
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Protection from Laryngospasm in Bre
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DR. SMITH: One question is how much
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Diving response The diving response
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HR CF 20 10 0 Heart rate Skin blood
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indicate that the diving response a
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DR. SCHAGATAY: I have not had the o
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Results A reduction in spleen volum
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fsw (120 msw) had reached that dept
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Table 5: Symptoms of five different
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7. Cross ER. Taravana: diving syndr
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DR. WONG: I do not think I can answ
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the carotid to see if you hear any
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disorders, such as motor paresis, s
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7. Kohshi K, Wong RM, Abe H, Katoh
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DR. POTKIN: Number one, I think it
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Time of Day (h:min) 0 25 50 75 15:3
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The next surface block represents a
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could use some activated endothelia
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see where you go because we have th
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in Japan. Most divers do not know a
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DR. DUNFORD: You can come up with a
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And then a comment is, we are talki
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MS. RIDGWAY: I said 30 min because
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profile in it than the blood going
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DR. FOTHERGILL: This is an open que
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moving front of what is happening i
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APPENDIX B Workshop Participants Ma
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Ralph T. Potkin, MD Beverly Hills C
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APPENDIX C UHMS/DAN Breath-Hold Div
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