download PDF - Robert Sterling Clark Foundation

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_Board
_Winthrop
of Directors
R. Munyan, President
Miner D. Crary, Jr., Secretary
Richardson Pratt, Jr., Treasurer
Raymond D. Horton
John N. Romans
Virginia Hayes Sibbison*
John Hoyt Stookey
Joanna D. Underwood
Staff
Margaret C. Ayers, Executive Director
Darcy Hector, Program Officer
Laura Wolff, Program Officer
_Susan
Neary, Administrative Assistant
*Elected April, 1996
Report Covers the Year Ended October. 31, 1996

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Report of the Executive Director
and Description of the Foundation's Fields of Interest
- In 1996, the Robert Sterling Clark Foundation appropriated $3,579,873 in support of the work of 84
- grantees. Funds were distributed among our three program areas as follows:
- Improving the Performance of Public Institutions 26 grants totaling $1,160,000
* Strengthening Cultural Institutions 32 grants totaling $1,105,000
*Ensuring Access to Comprehensive Reproductive
Health Information and Services 18 grants totaling $1,180,043
- Additional funds totaling $134,830 were made available primarily to organizations that provide a
- variety of services to the grantmaking community.
In the sections below, I have described our three fields of interest in terms of today's political
environment, the goals we hope to promote as well as the strategies we have developed to
achieve these goals.

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Improving the Performance of Public Institutions in New York
In 1996, the national mood continued its swing to the right and officials at all levels of public service sought
to redefine the proper role and responsibility of government. At the federal level, pressure to contract government's
role has resulted in sharply reduced expenditures for everything from welfare to environmental
protection. Programs and policies in these and other areas have come under blistering attack at the hands
of conservative lawmakers. In addition, states' rights advocates in Congress have pressed for increased delegation
of authority to the local level. Consequently, many federal protections grounded in centrally
administered programs are fading from view as expenditure responsibility shifts to the states.
With responsibility for implementing government policies of every stripe now in the hands of state officials,
our interest in promoting efficient, effective and appropriate performance by New York's public institutions
has never been more relevant. Through this program, the Foundation awards grants to research and advocacy
organizations concerned with the impact of government policies. The objective of these grants is to
improve government performance in four major areas: delivery of human services to the poor, housing and
economic development, education reform, and solid waste management. Strategies employed to improve
government performance in these areas include:
• Monitoring the City's and State's implementation of health, education and welfare policies;
* Promoting linkages between the public and private sectors that will enhance neighborhood
revitalization and the development of affordable housing; and
• Encouraging the implementation of solid waste management policies that will protect our
environment in accordance with federal and state mandates.
The Foundation's interest in government performance is based on the belief that foundations can play an
extremely useful role both in working with government in pursuit of common objectives, and in supporting
organizations that monitor government policies to assess their legality, adequacy or appropriateness.
Historically speaking, government has shown no great strengths in its ability to monitor its own performance.
While the electorate holds public officials accountable through the electoral process, the policies and practices
of specific public agencies tend to be impervious to shifts in top government leadership. Moreover, studies
have shown that specific changes in the policies and programs of public bureaucracies are best effected through
the activities of outside organizations that examine government policies and encourage the development of
programs that are responsive to changing societal needs. The most realistic source of support for these outside
or "third sector" efforts is the private foundation community. As we enter a period of reduced federal
involvement, increased state responsibility and an overall contraction of public expenditures, the efforts of our
grantees will be more important than ever in giving voice to the needs of New York's underserved.

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Strengthening Cultural Institutions
For more than twenty years, the Robert Sterling Clark Foundation has provided support to New York
City's cultural community. During this period, we have attempted to structure our grants program so
that it is flexible and meets the needs of the institutions and organizations that comprise this universe.
In the course of our work, we have monitored changes in the economy and the political climate and
their impact on our grantees. Most recently, we have watched as Congress reduced the appropriation
level for the National Endowment for the Arts by 40%. Moreover, threats to eliminate the agency altogether
have arisen because a few elected officials find the work of some NEA grantees to be offensive.
Finally, we have observed that corporations and foundations have begun to shift support away from
the arts and into social programs in response to the increasingly controversial nature of arts funding
and the implementation of substantial reductions in social spending at all levels of government. In
analyzing these phenomena, it is clear that the issues of public support and freedom of expression are
essential questions facing the artistic community as we approach the 21st century.
These observations have served to reinforce our belief in the importance of helping cultural institutions
improve their management of resources. The strategies employed by our grantees include:
" Increasing earned income as a percentage of total operating budget;
" Improving internal management;
" Reducing operating costs through resource sharing; and
• Increasing contributions from individuals.
We are convinced that diversification of financial support is essential for organizational survival during
periods when traditional sources of funding contract. As government and corporate support
decline, those organizations that are successful in reducing their dependence on such support will
enjoy a competitive advantage in surviving periods of financial austerity.
While most of our funds are allocated for these purposes, the Foundation also makes grants to promote
artistic freedom and to educate the public about the importance of the arts in a democratic society.
Since this program was established in 1990, the Foundation has awarded nearly two million dollars
for grants in pursuit of these objectives. In reviewing the recent actions of Congress, it is clear that
the need for this kind of support remains critical. Controversies surrounding the National Endowment
for the Arts continue to rage, providing a convenient platform for conservative politicians seeking a
spotlight and a lucrative fundraising "cause" for Radical Right organizations. It is our hope that the
work of our grantees will help protect First Amendment rights for future generations.

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Ensuring Access to Comprehensive Reproductive Health Information and Services
When the Robert Sterling Clark Foundation began to make grants in this field in 1983, the Reagan
Administration had started to enact policies aimed at limiting women's access to family planning services.
These actions represented a sharp and sudden departure from the policies of the past. In the
early 1970's, different branches of government had taken a variety of steps to ensure that women had
the ability to control their reproductive lives. Most important among these initiatives was the enactment
in 1970 of Title X of the Public Health Service Act, which made funds available for poor women
to obtain family planning services. Then in 1973, in Roe v. Wade, the United States Supreme Court
recognized that the act of making childbearing choices is protected against government interference
by the Fourteenth Amendment's privacy protections. Therefore, most statutes criminalizing abortion
were invalidated. Together, these historic events formed the basis for the development of programs
that gave women of all income levels the ability to decide when and whether to have children.
In 1983, the political winds shifted. Programs were curtailed, the reproductive health care delivery
system began to unravel, the Executive Branch implemented regulations that made service delivery
more difficult, and pressure was successfully applied to members of Congress by right-wing advocates
to reduce funding for Title X. More importantly, between 1985 and 1992, opponents of family planning
services and abortion began to contest the legitimacy of such services in the courts. A number of
cases, including Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, Rust v. Sullivan, and Planned Parenthood
v. Casey, were argued before a Supreme Court that had become increasingly conservative. The decisions
rendered in these cases undermined statutory and constitutional guarantees that were thought to
have been established, and signaled the Court's willingness to permit the states to limit women's
access to comprehensive reproductive health services.
Since the Casey decision was rendered in 1992, there has been no further erosion of rights at the
Supreme Court level. However, pro-life activists, frustrated by their inability to achieve an outright
ban on abortion, have brought hundreds of cases at the state and local levels, further
burdening a woman's right to choose abortion. In addition, extremists have brought increasing
pressure on doctors, clinics, and insurers to drastically reduce, if not eliminate, the availability of
the service.
The objective of the Foundation's work in this area is to promote the development of laws, policies
and practices that protect women's access to comprehensive reproductive health care, including sexuality
education, contraception and abortion. The strategies employed by the Foundation's grantees to
achieve this objective include the following:

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• Evaluating and publicizing the impact of federal regulatory actions, legislative initiatives and
legal decisions that have any relationship to the provision of reproductive health services;
• Evaluating the impact of restrictive legislative or legal initiatives at the state level;
• Forging new alliances among decision makers, service providers, and advocates around the
issue of reproductive health;
" Developing strategies to ensure the inclusion of reproductive health within state-level health
care reform plans;
" Litigating in support of policies and programs that protect reproductive rights;
* Promoting the development and implementation of comprehensive sexuality education
programs in the public schools;
" Developing legislative initiatives, at the request of Congressional committees, designed to
halt clinic harassment and violence; and
• Conducting research on organizations opposed to contraception, abortion and sexuality
education in order to develop strategies for combating their initiatives.
The Foundation will continue to support litigation, research, policy analysis, public education and
grassroots organizing to promote this agenda and ensure that women have access to comprehensive
reproductive health information and services. Funds will be made available to national organizations
working in these areas as well as organizations working with coalitions in individual states.
In the sections that follow, grants appropriated during 1996 are described by program category. It is
our expectation that within each of these fields, the collective efforts of our grantees will bring us
closer to achieving the goals set forth above.
April 20, 1997
Margaret C. Ayers
Executive Director

Description
of Grants
Appropriated
By Field

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Improving the Performance of
Public Institutions in New York
- Campaign for Fiscal Equity $100,000
m
New York, New York
Over 2 years
Michael Rebell, Executive Director
New York State allocates its education aid funds to localities according to an amalgam of approximately
50 different formulas, program grants, minimum aid ratios, and other disparate provisions that
have emerged from decades of political compromise. New York City receives less than 35% of all
state education aid even though 37% of the state's students are enrolled in city schools. In 1993, the
Campaign for Fiscal Equity, a coalition of New York City community school boards and education
advocacy organizations, filed a suit against the state challenging this inequitable distribution of state
funds on behalf of themselves and city school parents and students. Last year, the Court of Appeals
denied the state's motion to dismiss the case, and stated that all New York students have a constitutional
right to a sound basic education consisting of several essential elements. During the coming
year, CFE will prepare the case for trial by: formulating criteria for a sound basic education, documenting
the failure of many New York City public schools to meet those criteria, and developing
arguments to establish a causal link between inadequate state funding and poor school performance.
Based on its review of education finance reforms adopted elsewhere in the country, CFE will outline
several options for a remedial approach that could be implemented here. These options will be widely
disseminated and examined in surveys, conferences, and focus groups around the state in an effort
to develop a consensus position and broad public support. Our grant is in support of this work.

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Center on Social Welfare Policy & Law $45,000
New York, New York
Henry Freedman, Executive Director
The Center on Social Welfare Policy & Law was established in 1965 as a legal services support center
to conduct litigation and policy analysis aimed at ensuring that needy Americans receive adequate
public assistance benefits. Two early Center cases decided by the Supreme Court established that
states cannot deny aid to any family eligible under the federal Aid to Families with Dependent
Children law. However, Congress and the President have now eliminated this federal guarantee and
transferred most responsibility for welfare programs to the states. New York State and New York City,
like localities around the country, are already restricting eligibility criteria and reducing benefits. At
the same time, while momentous changes in federal and state policies are increasing the need for legal
representation of the poor, Congress drastically reduced funding for legal services and prohibited organizations
that receive federal funds from bringing class actions or challenging welfare reforms. In
response to these developments and with our support, the Center has embarked upon Project Fair Play
New York to strengthen and coordinate legal representation for poor New Yorkers facing benefit cuts
and abusive administrative procedures.
Center for the Study of Social Policy $75,000
Washington, D.C.
Tom Joe, Executive Director
In December 1995, Children's Rights, Inc. (CRI) filed a class action lawsuit in federal court on behalf
of five year old Marisol and ten other children who have received inadequate protection, care, and services
from New York City's child welfare system. The suit, Marisol v. Giuliani, makes allegations that
form a sweeping indictment of all aspects of the City's child welfare system and asks that the Child
Welfare Administration be placed under the control of a court-appointed receiver who would restructure
and run the agency. CRI has asked the Graduate School of CUNY and the Center for the Study
of Social Policy to provide the necessary expertise in child development, child welfare, and public
administration to develop practical, feasible remedies as an integral part of the litigation effort. CUNY
and CSSP will assemble experts to assess the systemic barriers to effective child welfare practice in
New York City and develop a comprehensive plan to restructure the current system in order to achieve
positive results for children. Our grant supports the Center for the Study of Social Policy's participation
in this work.

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Children's Rights, Inc. $80,000
New York, New York
Marcia Robinson Lowry, Director
Children's Rights, Inc. (CRI) is a newly formed organization created by the staff of the ACLU Children's
Rights Project to expand upon the Project's child welfare reform efforts and address the needs of
children in the care of state mental health and juvenile justice agencies as well. In New York State, CRI's
work focuses on three major pieces of litigation. The first, Wilder v. Bernstein, is a 22-year-old lawsuit
alleging that the City of New York's use of foster care agencies affiliated with religious institutions
violates the constitutional separation of church and state, and results in unequal treatment of children in
foster care. The second case, Martin A. v. Gross, alleges that the City's preventive and protective service
systems do not meet the requirements of state law and do not adequately protect abused and neglected
children. In December 1995, CRI filed Marisol v. Giuliani in federal court, asking the court to appoint
a receiver to administer New York City's child welfare agency. With our support, CRI will continue its
efforts to obtain damage awards for the individual Martin A. plaintiffs, facilitate the implementation of
the court-approved Wilder settlement, and conduct the research and analysis of the City's child welfare
system necessary to bring Marisol to trial. The successful resolution of these cases is expected to
improve the services provided to children in New York's child welfare system.
Citizens Committee fot Children $30,000
New York, New York
Gail Nayowith, Executive Director
Citizens Committee for Children was founded in 1945 to defend the rights and welfare of New York
City's children. Through a variety of public education, monitoring, and advocacy activities, CCC
seeks to ensure that public expenditures of public dollars for child and family services are informed
by current knowledge about effective practice and the needs of the City's children. Last year, staff
helped organize a Kids First Budget Advocacy Roundtable bringing together representatives of over
forty organizations to help mobilize public support for effective children's programs. This year, with
our help, Citizen Committee and the Roundtable will focus their data analysis, advocacy, and public
education efforts on securing adequate funding for school capital construction and educational materials,
child care, and after-school programs. They will also press for the establishment of data
collection and monitoring systems to ensure that policymakers are held accountable for the quality of
children's services.

Citizens' Environmental Coalition $40,000
Albany, New York
Ann Rabe, Executive Director
Citizens' Environmental Coalition (CEC) is a statewide coalition of more than 90 community and
environmental groups and 8,000 individuals working on toxic waste and other pollution problems in
New York State. In 1986, state voters passed a $1.2 billion Environmental Quality Bond Act, funded
50% by industry fees and 50% by state appropriation, to finance the State Superfund. This program,
which oversees the testing and cleanup of toxic waste sites throughout the state, is expected to run out
of money within two years. At that time, according to Department of Environmental Conservation
estimates, more than 200 currently identified Superfund sites will still need to be cleaned up or
contained. In addition, both the Department and the Coalition have identified over 600 known or
suspected hazardous substance sites that require further investigation. Partly as a result of the
Coalition's advocacy, the Governor's Superfund Management Board released a report urging the refinancing
of Superfund. During the current grant period, the Coalition will investigate various funding
options and disseminate information about the environmental, health, and economic consequences
experienced by people living near toxic waste sites, the importance of Superfund, and the economic
impact of potential financing mechanisms.
Citizens Union Foundation $30,000
New York, New York
Jeannette Kahlenberg, Executive Director
In 1990, Citizens Union Foundation, a non-partisan research and educational organization, began a
City Council monitoring project to facilitate citizen participation in Council deliberations and public
scrutiny of Council members' performance. Project staff and volunteers regularly attend meetings of
the full Council and its major committees. They report on the proceedings, member actions, and issues
to be considered at future meetings in a monthly newsletter entitled Searchlight on the City Council.
Searchlight informs its readers about budget negotiations and other city issues addressed by the
Council, Council procedures, scheduled hearings, and ways to participate in the legislative and oversight
processes. It also provides summaries of reports produced by elected officials, mayoral agencies,
and fiscal monitors. During the grant period, Citizens Union plans to publish seven issues of
Searchlight and distribute these to a readership of approximately 15,000, including community board
members, city officials, service providers, journalists, advocates, and public library patrons.

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City Limits $35,000
New York, New York
Andrew White, Executive Director
City Limits is a monthly newspaper that publishes investigative news reports and analyses of New
York City issues, with particular emphasis on housing and community development. In the past year,
City Limits articles have examined such subjects as the economics of real estate ownership in low
income neighborhoods; the city's abandonment of recycling market development efforts; the cost and
benefits of economic incentives granted by the city to private businesses; and plans for the new federally
subsidized Empowerment Zone. With our support, City Limits reporters will continue to
research and write articles examining various government policies and programs. In addition, City
Limits is launching a new service entitled City Limits Weekly, a news and events update sent by fax or
electronic mail to community organizations and activists, journalists, and elected officials. The Weekly
will provide timely information and facilitate communication among advocates working to strengthen
the city's low income communities, protect the wellbeing of its neediest citizens, and improve the
functioning of city government.
Community Food Resource Center $50,000
New York, New York
Kathy Goldman, Director
In 1990 the Community Food Resource Center established an Access to Benefits Project to overcome
problems in New York City's administration of its Food Stamp, income support, and Medicaid programs.
Over the past two years, the Project's focus has expanded in response to new threats posed by
proposed and actual cuts in social welfare programs at the state and federal levels. The welfare
reforms enacted by Congress this summer will reduce federal benefits for thousands of poor families,
legal immigrants, and disabled children, and shift major responsibility for the shape and funding of
numerous public assistance programs to the states. Consequently, CFRC will focus much of its advocacy
and public education efforts during the coming year on educating New York State policymakers
about the options available to them in crafting a state welfare reform plan. In addition, Project staff
will continue to examine City Human Resources Administration programs, including workfare, emergency
assistance, and eligibility verification procedures. Staff will advocate for policy and operational
reforms to improve the delivery of services and benefits to needy New Yorkers. Our grant is in support
of this work.

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Community Service Society $30,000
New York, New York
David Jones, President
The Community Service Society was formed in 1939 through the merger of two of New York City's
leading social welfare organizations. In recent years, CSS's research, organizing, and policy advocacy
have focused primarily on housing, community development, and healthcare for low-income New
Yorkers. Last year, CSS embarked upon a Medicaid Managed Care Education Project to help ensure
that New York State's implementation of Medicaid managed care will improve the quality and accessibility
of health care for poor New Yorkers while reducing government costs. CSS researchers
conducted focus groups and surveyed over 400 Medicaid recipients regarding their health care needs,
use of health care services, and understanding of managed care. Drawing on the insights gained from
this research, CSS will conduct a public education and advocacy campaign to ensure the availability
of adequate health care services for Medicaid managed care participants and appropriate utilization of
those services by consumers. With our support, Project staff will disseminate their research findings
and educate policymakers, the press, and the public about weaknesses in the Medicaid managed care
program and how they might be addressed.
Donors' Education Collaborative $40,000
New York, New York
Norma Rollins, Administrative Consultant
With 32 school districts, 1,062 schools, 67,000 teachers, more than 1 million students, and an annual
budget of over $8 billion, the New York City public school system is the largest in the country.
Recognizing the magnitude of the challenges confronting the public schools, and the importance of
their success to the city's future, corporate and private funders over the years have generously supported
numerous model programs in individual schools. However, there has been much less support
for the systemic analysis, community organizing, and advocacy necessary to design and mobilize support
for effective reforms at the state, city, and district levels, so that all schools can provide a high
quality education to all students. In order to fill this gap, several foundations came together to form
the Donors' Education Collaborative. Last year, the Collaborative, with our participation, awarded
nine planning grants. This year, four of these projects have been awarded long-term implementation
grants in support of policy analysis, advocacy, and community engagement efforts aimed at effecting
large-scale change in the city's public schools.

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Environmental Advocates $40,000
Albany, New York
Val Washington, Executive Director
In 1988, New York State enacted the Solid Waste Management Act requiring that all municipalities
reduce the solid waste they generate by 10%, and recycle 40% of that waste by 1997. Until recently,
little state funding has been available to assist municipalities in meeting these goals. However, over the
past two years Environmental Advocates (formerly the New York Environmental Institute), a statewide
coalition of environmental groups, organized a successful advocacy effort that secured $8 million for
such programs from the newly created Environmental Protection Fund. During the coming year, our
grant will allow the Institute to involve more local government officials, businesses, and community
groups in an expanded campaign to increase state funding for projects that will reduce waste, facilitate
recycling, and expand markets for recycled materials. In addition, project staff will continue working
with other advocates to mobilize support for composting programs, recycling and reuse of discarded
tires, and incentive funding to municipalities for effective waste reduction initiatives.
Hunger Action Network of New York State $45,000
Albany, New York
Mark A. Dunlea, Executive Director
Founded in 1982, the Hunger Action Network of New York State is a statewide coalition of emergency
food providers and advocates. Since 1987, HANNYS has monitored the provision of services and
benefits by county Departments of Social Services, as well as the oversight and enforcement conducted
by the State Department of Social Services. This year, with far-reaching changes taking place at
the federal and state levels, HANNYS will focus its research and advocacy on state policy debates and
state and county implementation of new rules affecting public assistance recipients. HANNYS will
interview public assistance recipients and low-income wage earners about their need for and use of
child care and child care subsidies. In addition, staff will analyze job placement rates for welfare
recipients in several counties. Drawing on this research, HANNYS will work with local coalitions in
monitoring state and county Departments of Social Services and advocating with policymakers to preserve
essential aid to needy New Yorkers. Our grant is in support of HANNYS's research, state level
advocacy, and assistance to local organizing and advocacy efforts.

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INFORM
New York, New York
Joanna D. Underwood, President
$60,000
Since it was created in 1974, INFORM has sought to provide accurate information about the effects
of corporate and municipal practices on the environment, consumers, and employees, and to develop
constructive strategies for change. In New York, INFORM staff have played a key role in educating
the public and elected officials about the importance of developing waste management strategies that
emphasize source reduction and recycling. Most recently, INFORM analyzed the City's purchasing
patterns and bidding regulations in order to develop procurement guidelines for city agencies that
favor the purchase of less toxic, less wasteful products. INFORM also studied the six most comprehensive
county source reduction programs in the State and produced a report describing how these
programs are structured and funded, and what kinds of regulatory and institutional factors support or
hinder their operation. During the coming year, our grant will permit INFORM to use these reports,
as well as some additional research, to promote the implementation of source reduction strategies and
to encourage broader thinking about environmental policies and programs.
Lawyers Alliance for New York $50,000
New York, New York
Allen Bromberger, Executive Director
Lawyers Alliance for New York was established in 1969 to assist non-profit groups in obtaining pro
bono legal services. The Alliance's Community Development Legal Assistance Center (CDLAC) provides
legal assistance to local community development groups. CDLAC also works at the policy level
to preserve and increase the supply of affordable housing, particularly through the creation of Mutual
Housing Associations, and to expand the loan capital available for economic development projects in
low-income communities. This year, with our assistance, CDLAC will work with policymakers and
other groups to obtain tax relief for limited equity coops, facilitate the development of a cost effective
lead paint abatement plan, ensure the successful implementation of policies designed to transfer New
York City's in rem housing stock to nonprofit ownership, and strengthen New York State's and New
York City's Community Reinvestment Act regulations. CDLAC attorneys will advise a citywide
Mutual Housing Association as it begins to manage properties acquired from banks that had foreclosed
on them. In addition, the Alliance will help child care advocates analyze proposed reforms in welfare
and child care laws and advocate to preserve needed services.

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Low Income Housing Fund $40,000
New York, New York
Howard Banker, Program Manager
The Low Income Housing Fund was established in 1984 to make private capital available for low
income housing projects at favorable rates and terms. The Fund assists not-for-profit housing developers
by lending its own funds, packaging loans from other sources, and providing technical
assistance, particularly to human service providers new to real estate who seek to develop housing for
their clients. In 1991, the Fund established an office in New York City which to date has packaged
and committed approximately $16 million in 56 housing loans. During the coming year, the New York
office will make loans from its revolving loan fund and New York Community Loan Pool to finance
the development and preservation of low-income cooperatives, Single Room Occupancy hotels, and
other transitional and permanent housing for low-income individuals and families, including homeless,
mentally ill, and elderly New Yorkers, and people with AIDS. Where appropriate opportunities
exist, staff will negotiate with city and state agencies to secure government support for projects
financed by the Fund. Our grant is in support of this work.
Municipal Art Society
New York, New York
Brendan Sexton, President
$35,000
Founded in 1892, the Municipal Art Society today is a membership organization concerned with
preservation, conservation, and city planning. In 1989, the Society established a Planning Center to
provide education and technical assistance to community activists, advocates, and professionals
involved in city planning and development. The Center's mission is to make the planning process
more responsive to local community social and economic concerns. Over the past few years, in the
course of monitoring various zoning reform proposals, Center staff have become acutely aware of the
importance of small manufacturing businesses to the economic vitality of many low- and moderateincome
neighborhoods. One issue of significant concern to small manufacturers is the city's proposal
to allow superstores to locate in areas previously zoned for manufacturing. Building on research and
public forums conducted last year, the Center is undertaking, with our assistance, an advocacy campaign
to promote the adoption of a review process and standards that will facilitate the successful
development of superstores in appropriate locations without harming existing businesses or reducing
the quality of life in city neighborhoods.

17
National Federation of Community Development Credit Unions $35,000
New York, New York
Clifford Rosenthal, Executive Director
In 1994, the federal government created a Community Development Financial Institutions Fund to
support community-based lending institutions that serve low-income, minority, and other financially
underserved communities. Beginning this year, community development credit unions, loan funds,
and banks were invited to apply for a total of $31 million in capital grants if they could secure matching
commitments from state and local government and private sector sources. The National
Federation of Community Development Credit Unions (NFCDCU) represents 130 credit unions that
serve low- and moderate-income communities, including 30 in New York. Last year, NFCDCU
helped organize a New York State Community Development Financial Institutions Coalition to develop
a coordinated strategy to raise state and private matching funds for New York applicants to the
federal CDFI Fund. The Coalition proposed a New York State CDFI Fund, which has garnered the
support of state banking officials and legislators from both parties. This year, with our grant, the
Coalition will draft a strategic plan to establish a State Fund and continue its education and advocacy
activities aimed at strengthening public and private support for CDFIs.
New York Law School $40,000
New York, New York
Ross Sandler, Director, Center for New York City Law
While New York City politicians and advocates debate broad policy goals, programs, and budgets, the
day-to-day operations of government are shaped significantly by thousands of laws and regulations that
rarely attract public attention and are often imperfectly understood even by the administrators responsible
for their implementation. In 1993, New York Law School established the Center for New York
City Law to encourage the study of local laws, to inform public debate, and to promote legal reforms
that could improve government functioning. Last year, the Center launched City Law, a bi-monthly
newsletter containing summaries of City agency and judicial administrative decisions and actions, and
analytic articles on important local law issues. City Law is designed to provide city officials, lawyers,
advocates, and service providers with the information and analysis they need to conduct city business
and to advocate for systemic reforms that will enhance the efficiency, integrity, and quality of city programs.
Our grant will support City Law during the second of a planned three-year start-up period, while
Center staff continue to develop the publication and a paid subscriber base to sustain it.

18
New York Public Interest Research Group Fund $25,000
New York, New York
Gene Russianoff, Senior Attorney
Founded in 1973 as the New York Public Interest Research Center, the New York Public Interest
Research Group Fund is the exempt counterpart of New York's largest environmental and consumer
advocacy organization. When the revised City Charter was approved, giving the City Council important
new powers over the City's budget and land use decisions, NYPIRG Fund initiated its
CouncilWatch project to encourage accountability on the part of elected Council members. The
CouncilWatch newsletter presents analyses of the key issues before the Council, documents the performance
of Council members, and provides information on how New Yorkers can monitor and
participate in the Council's deliberations. During the grant period, project staff will monitor all full
Council meetings and many committee meetings. The Fund will publish four issues of the newsletter
and an annual report on the Council's performance, focusing on its impact on the final city budget and
its oversight of city agencies. Based on observations and research findings, staff will mobilize support
for rules reforms that would enhance the Council's role in city budget deliberations and oversight
of Mayoral agencies.
Public Advocate for the City of New York $40,000
New York, New York
Julie Levine, Director of Social Services
Created by the 1989 City Charter Revision, the Office of the New York City Public Advocate is authorized
to monitor the performance of city agencies and to investigate complaints against them. After
responding to hundreds of complaints about the Child Welfare Administration, last year the Public
Advocate's Office embarked upon a project entitled Child Planning and Advocacy Now (C-PLAN) to
press for systemic reforms in the city's child welfare operations. Based on analyses of 250 cases handled
by C-PLAN staff, recent state child fatality reports, and a survey regarding the responsiveness of
the state's child abuse hotline, C-PLAN issued a report entitled Creating a Child Welfare System for
the 21st Century, which contained 25 recommendations for improving the system. This year, with our
support, project staff will continue to document systemic problems and educate the press, policymakers,
and the public about these problems and the reforms needed to address them. In addition, C-PLAN
will create a pro bono legal assistance network for clients needing representation in Family Court.

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Public Policy and Education Fund of New York $35,000
Albany, New York
Richard Kirsch, Research Director
The Public Policy and Education Fund was established in 1986 as the tax-exempt affiliate of Citizen
Action of New York, a grassroots advocacy organization with 25,000 members statewide. For the past
several years, the Fund's research, policy analysis, and public education work have focused on health
care policy issues, particularly the financing of affordable quality health care for all New York residents.
Recognizing the far-reaching implications of the dramatic expansion of managed care, last year
the Fund undertook a Managed Care Policy Project. Project staff played a central role in policy negotiations
concerning the State's Medicaid managed care program and state regulation of all managed
care plans. During the coming year, our grant will support the Fund in its effort to monitor the implementation
of the 1996 Medicaid Managed Care and Consumer Managed Care legislation, and
advocate for regulations and enforcement procedures that ensure that consumers are able to obtain the
health care services they need, from qualified providers, in a timely manner.
SENSES Education Fund $35,000
Albany, New York
Lois Johnson, Executive Director
The Statewide Emergency Network for Social and Economic Security (SENSES) was formed in 1981
as an Albany-based coalition of human service, labor, and religious organizations seeking to present
a collective voice on government policies affecting the economic security of low-income people. Each
year, SENSES publishes Counterbudget, an analysis of state funding in several key areas with alternative
spending and revenue recommendations. As part of its effort to engage New Yorkers in the
budget process, and to facilitate dialogue between policymakers and low-income New Yorkers, SEN-
SES organizes regional meetings around the state. This year, SENSES will publish Counterbudget
1997-98 analyzing the Governor's budget proposals and offering alternative recommendations.
SENSES will sponsor public hearings at which policymakers, human service providers, clients, and
advocates will discuss anti-poverty strategies, including economic development and welfare-to-work
programs. Staff will disseminate information to the SENSES network and coordinate public education
and advocacy activities designed to influence New York's welfare reform plan, its economic
development policies, and the 1997-98 state budget. Our grant is in support of this work.

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State Communities Aid Association $35,000
Albany, New York
Karen Schimke, Executive Director
In recent years, State Communities Aid Association has been at the forefront of advocacy efforts to
reform state policies that affect the economic security of poor New Yorkers. SCAA has focused particular
attention on improving child support enforcement, reducing the tax burden on low wage
earners, and shaping welfare reform initiatives, all aimed at reducing New Yorkers' dependence on
public assistance while preserving essential safety net benefits. In 1994, SCAA's efforts resulted in
the enactment of a New York State Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Last year, SCAA published a
report that advocated replacing court enforcement of child support orders with an agency-administered
system and instituting various procedures to identify and obtain support from non-custodial parents.
Several of these recommendations were enacted and project staff will now monitor their implementation.
In addition, project staff will conduct policy analysis, advocacy, and public education to promote
expansion of the state EITC and other reforms in low income tax policy, public assistance programs,
and child support enforcement. Our grant supports this work.
State Communities Aid Association $30,000
Albany, New York
Karen Schimke, Executive Director
Founded in 1872, State Communities Aid Association currently conducts policy analysis and advocacy
focused on health and mental health care, children's services, and economic security for
disadvantaged New Yorkers. Over the past four years, SCAA has developed and promoted an agenda
for reform of children's services in New York State emphasizing inter-agency coordination of
community-based services and education for young people with psychosocial, cognitive, or family
problems. With our support, SCAA will continue to advocate in support of regulatory and financing
strategies that redirect funds away from segregated special education classrooms and residential programs
into home, school, and community-based support services. As part of this effort, project staff
will press State policymakers and health maintenance organizations to expand coverage for children's
mental health services for participants in Medicaid managed care plans. Staff will highlight the effectiveness
of school-based mental health programs and recommend ways to preserve and expand these
programs in the context of managed care and special education reform.

21
Statewide Youth Advocacy $60,000
Albany, New York
Elie Ward, Executive Director
In New York State, 1.6 million children-more than one of every four-live in poverty. After a
decade of federal budget cutting, the health and wellbeing of New York's vulnerable children and families
depend heavily on state budget allocations. Because funding decisions are critical to the design
and effectiveness of programs for children, Statewide Youth Advocacy (SYA) developed The
Children's Budget Project to facilitate effective state budget advocacy. Each year, Project staff publish
an overview of the Governor's budget proposals, and work with local advocates and state
policymakers to mobilize support for key policy and budgetary priorities to improve services for needy
children and families in New York State. In addition to these ongoing efforts, this year SYA will
examine the implementation of New York's recently enacted Children and Family Services Block
Grant. The block grant provides all funds for child protective, preventive, foster care, and adoption
services to counties in one lump sum and allows them to convert their child welfare programs to managed
care, capitated rate systems. Project staff will analyze the impact of the Block Grant on child
welfare programs in New York City and selected counties around the state. Our grant is in support of
the Budget Project and the Block Grant study.

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Strengthening Cultural Institutions
Grants to Cultural Institutions for Management-Related Projects
Alvin Ailey Dance Theater Foundation $30,000
New York, New York
Sharon Gersten Luckman, Executive Director
The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater was founded in 1958 by the late modem dance master, Alvin
Ailey. After his death in 1989, Judith Jamison, a lead dancer for whom Ailey had choreographed many
of his most noted works, assumed the role of Artistic Director. Today, the company's popularity has
never been greater, both as a touring attraction and in its home season at New York's City Center. In
addition to the main troupe, the AADT Foundation is comprised of the Alvin Ailey American Dance
Center, through which some 3,500 students receive training each year, as well as the 12-member Alvin
Ailey Repertory Ensemble. The administrative work of the Foundation and its three entities is coordinated
through use of a computer system that has been patched together over the years on an ad hoc
basis, is severely over-extended, breaks down frequently, and has become a major impediment to the
efficient operation of the company. To increase the productivity of staff and take advantage of new
technologies useful in development of audiences and income sources, a comprehensive upgrade of the
system has been planned. Our grant will support the cost of software and staff training associated with
this effort.

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Alliance of Resident Theatres/New York $50,000
New York, New York
Virginia P Louloudes, Executive Director
The Alliance of Resident Theatres/New York is a membership organization serving New York's Off
Broadway theater community. As such, it advocates for its constituents and promotes artistic growth
by offering services designed to enhance their managerial capabilities. In recent years, drastic cuts in
government funding combined with rising production costs have left ART/NY's members in a precarious
financial position. While they desperately need to boost their income through increased ticket
sales, most of them lack the basic resources and expertise necessary to address the complex issues of
marketing and audience development. In response to this need, ART/NY sponsors a major visibility
campaign for its constituents each year known as PASSPORTS TO OFF BROADWAY through which
discount tickets and other benefits are made available to prospective theater-goers. In addition, three
times a year ART/NY publishes HOT SEATS, a colorful, tabloid-size, 16-page guide to Off-Broadway
theater productions. The spring issue of HOT SEATS coincides with the PASSPORTS campaign and
is a prime vehicle for promoting it. Our most recent grant will help ART/NY expand this exciting
new audience development and visibility tool.
American Composers Orchestra $40,000
New York, New York
Jesse Rosen, Managing Director
The American Composers Orchestra was established in 1976 to perform the symphonic works of
American composers of all styles and periods. Comprised of some of the top players in the city and known
for its high artistic standards and eclectic programming, ACO has commissioned and performed more
American music than any orchestra in the world. In 1994, ACO extended its vision of what constitutes
American music with the unveiling of a new component of its annual series-the Sonidos de las
Americas Festival, which each year focuses on the music of a single Latin American country. The Festival
has been warmly received, and has brought ACO a new constituency as well as increased visibility. In
view of this programmatic expansion and in a move to further strengthen the institution and to plan for its
future, the orchestra has begun to review internal practices as well as marketing strategies for its Carnegie
Hall season. Our grant will support new marketing and visibility initiatives aimed at increasing the number
of single ticket buyers, as well as ACO's efforts to expand and develop the board of directors.

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American Craft Museum
New York, New York
Holly Hotchner, Director
$40,000
Established in 1956, the American Craft Museum is dedicated to collecting, exhibiting and interpreting
the finest work created by artists using the five traditional craft media: glass, clay, wood, fiber, and
metal. In addition to collecting, conserving and displaying craft art and other artistic works that intersect
with craft, the museum sponsors educational events and publishes high quality catalogues and
books dealing with all aspects of the field. In 1986, the museum moved into a beautiful new home
especially designed to display contemporary craft from the smallest brooch to the largest tapestry. In
1990, a small shop was opened in the new space offering a unique selection of original craftwork by
living artists. Over the years, the shop has expanded in size and range of offerings, providing a source
of earned income not only to the museum but also to the hundreds of craftspeople who sell their work
through the store. With gross sales surpassing $750,000, the installation of an up-to-date, computerized
inventory and point-of-sale system is imperative if the shop is to continue to expand. Our grant
will support the software and staff training expenses associated with this project.
Association of Hispanic Arts
New York, New York
Sandra M. Perez, Executive Director
$25,000
Founded in 1975, the Association of Hispanic Arts (AHA) is a multi-disciplinary arts service organization
dedicated to the advancement of Latino arts, artists, and arts organizations. It is the leading arts
service organization offering technical assistance services to the Latino arts community and information
services and publications to promote Latino arts and culture to the general public. In 1994, AHA
launched a technical assistance and regranting program known as the Latino Arts Advancement
Project, or LAAP, through which it has provided project-specific support to nearly 50 small organizations
to begin to address some of their administrative support needs. While this assistance has been
very helpful to the organizations, AHA has come to see that more intensive training and hands-on
assistance is needed in order for these organizations to develop the solid nonprofit management skills
required in the current arts climate. To that end, AHA developed the LAAP Management Training
Series, or LMTS, a program designed to work intensively with small Latino nonprofit arts organizations.
With our support, the new program will provide professional training to managers of eight such
organizations both in the classroom and on site at participating organizations' facilities over the course
of the coming year.

25
Brooklyn Academy of Music $40,000
Brooklyn, New York
Harvey Lichtenstein, President and Executive Producer
Founded in 1889, the Brooklyn Academy of Music is today one of the largest, most influential performing
arts centers in the country and a national model of an urban arts center. It is also one of the
most significant forums for innovation in the arts, showcasing the new and revitalizing the old through
programs such as the NEXT WAVE Festival and the presentation of unusual opera productions from
around the world. Like most arts institutions, BAM is keenly aware of the need to operate efficiently
in order to safeguard its financial stability. Toward that end, the institution sought and secured a
$1.5 million capital appropriation from the New York City Council for the purchase of an integrated,
up-to-date computer system that will allow for faster, more accurate and less labor-intensive cooperative
work among all the Academy's departments. While this new system holds great promise in terms
of the institution's ability to work quickly and effectively, it can only be utilized to its full potential if
BAM's staff is properly trained. Our grant will support comprehensive training on the new system of
a select team of BAM employees representing every department.
Donald Byrd Dance Foundation $25,000
Brooklyn, New York
Elizabeth Powers, Executive Director
Donald Byrd/The Group was founded in Los Angeles by choreographer Donald Byrd in 1978. Since
1983, the company has been based in New York and is currently in residence at the 651/Majestic
Theater. The ten-member company performs frequently in New York and on tour domestically and
internationally. Over the past several years, Donald Byrd's choreographic works, integrating black
vernacular dance with classical ballet and modern techniques, have attracted increasing attention and
an ever-growing following. This year Donald Byrd will introduce a new full length work, The Harlem
Nutcracker, set to Duke Ellington's arrangement of the Tchaikovsky score, that is expected to draw
heightened attention to the company and give it access to much larger venues than those in which it
has previously performed, not only for Nutcracker but for its repertory performances as well. Our
grant will support an enhanced marketing/booking initiative using The Harlem Nutcracker as the centerpiece
of the campaign. The campaign is expected to significantly increase touring income for the
Donald Byrd Dance Foundation.

26
City Center $50,000
New York, New York
Judith E. Daykin, Executive Director
Built in the 1920s as the Shriners national headquarters, City Center was purchased by the City of New
York in 1943 as a cultural center for all New Yorkers. Since then, it has become one of the premier
theaters for dance in the country, and the elegant and beloved home of several major American companies.
In addition to providing these companies with a beautiful performing space, City Center
supports them through joint marketing projects, public relations assistance, and other services. Along
with most arts organizations, City Center's public funding has been steeply reduced. The resident
companies have faced similar cuts, and are now hard pressed to afford their New York seasons, even
at City Center's discounted rental rates. City Center has responded to these straitened circumstances
with a concerted effort to raise the theater's visibility, boost ticket sales, and develop a base of
individual supporters. In addition, City Center has begun producing its own events designed to attract
new audiences, generate earned income, and keep the house active. Our grant will support a marketing
campaign designed to enhance City Center's visibility and increase ticket sales for the dance
companies and other performing arts groups that appear there.
City Lore
New York New York
Steve Zeitlin, Executive Director
$20,000
City Lore was founded ten years ago by folklorist Steve Zeitlin to document and promote the living
cultural heritages of New York City. The organization's mission is guided by the belief that the quality
of life of a city and a nation is tied to the vitality of the grassroots cultures of the neighborhoods
and communities in which we live. To preserve those cultures, it maintains a 100,000-image photo,
audio and video archive documenting New York's people and their histories and develops lasting interpretive
projects that reach large audiences. City Lore has also created a resource center at Bank Street
College for teachers wishing to introduce their students to the rich cultures of this city and the communities
that live here. Last year, in a move to help stabilize the institution financially, City Lore
developed the Culture Catalog, a mail order service for teachers and libraries that makes available the
best multi-media resources in oral history, folklore, and community studies. Our grant will help
launch this earned income project which both advances the mission of the organization and holds the
promise of providing a significant income stream to support its overall programs.

27
City of New York Department of Cultural Affairs $20,000
New York, New York
Schuyler G. Chapin, Commissioner
City Center was built in the 1920s and purchased by the City of New York in 1943 to serve as a performing
arts center for all New Yorkers. Over the years, the hall developed into one of the premier
theaters for dance in the country, and became the home of several major New York companies.
Recently, along with most arts organizations, City Center's public funding has been steeply reduced.
The resident companies have faced similar cuts and many can no longer afford to perform in this
space, even at City Center's discounted rental rates. The inability of some companies to perform at
City Center has had an adverse impact on their visibility and touring prospects. It has also created a
strained relationship between the companies and City Center, at a time when cooperative solutions are
needed. Concern about the future of the facility and the dance companies led the City of New York
Department of Cultural Affairs to request an in-depth and impartial study exploring what steps City
Center and the dance community might take, both individually and together, to reduce the costs of performing
in this facility. Foundation support will provide the funding for this study to be undertaken
by an experienced outside consultant.
CSC Repertory $30,000
New York, New York
David Esbjornson, Artistic Director
CSC Repertory, or the Classic Stage Company, was founded in 1967 with the aim of presenting theatrically
compelling productions of classic works from all times and places, works rarely tackled by
other companies. Since its founding, the company has brought numerous inventive, high quality productions
to New York audiences. And in recent years, CSC has helped to reinvigorate classical theater
nationally by creating fresh new works based on classical texts that move on to productions in regional
theaters throughout the country. The company has also built a loyal following and a modest but
growing subscriber base. In the current difficult climate for nonprofit theater, with drastic cuts in government
funding and foundation and corporate support, CSC has developed a plan to initiate an annual
campaign directed at individual donors. Work will include the purchase of a development software
package, the creation of an institutional brochure, and a direct mail and telemarketing fundraising
appeal. Our grant is in support of the expenses associated with the start up of this first time effort,
which is expected to become an ongoing source of annual operating support.

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Early Music Foundation $30,000
New York, New York
Frederick Renz, Director
The Early Music Foundation was established by Frederick Renz in 1974 to present the performing arts literature
of the 12th through 18th centuries using period instruments. EMF includes two performing
groups, the Ensemble for Early Music and the Grande Bande. The first is a concert ensemble of six artist
members that expands to a company of up to twenty-six musicians to perform concerts of medieval and
renaissance music and fully staged and costumed music dramas. The Grande Bande is an orchestra of as
many as sixty original instruments specializing in baroque and classical music. EMF is in residence at the
Cathedral of St. John the Divine, where both groups present subscription series. They also perform regularly
at the Cloisters, the Pierpont Morgan Library, and other venues around the city. In addition, national
and international touring is an important source of income for EME With several new and noteworthy
artistic initiatives planned for the coming year, our grant is in support of a well-timed visibility campaign.
The project is expected to heighten EMF's image nationally with upgraded promotional materials and a
concerted public relations outreach effort, resulting in increased earned income from concert bookings.
Elders Share the Arts $25,000
Brooklyn, New York
Susan Perlstein, Executive Director
Elders Share the Arts was founded in 1979 with the mission of bridging generational and cultural gaps
through the arts. ESTA's programs are a unique synthesis of oral history and creative arts that includes
storytelling by urban folk artists and the creation of performance works that combine theater, movement,
storytelling, and oral history. In 1994, ESTA was selected to participate in the National Endowment for
the Arts's Advancement Program through which it engaged in a two-year strategic planning process.
With foundation and government funding becoming more scarce, the organization used the planning
assistance to further develop its earned income programs, beginning with its elder storyteller troupe, the
Pearls of Wisdom. The planning process yielded information indicating the need for an organizational
transition-a shift in focus from simply carrying out the activities it had developed to that of serving as
a national resource through training and wider dissemination and sale of the publications it has created.
As a result of the 40% cut in the NEA's budget, the Advancement program has been dismantled and there
will be no funds forthcoming from the NEA to implement ESTA's marketing plan. However, with our
support ESTA will implement this earned income effort during the coming year.

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Exit Art/The First World $30,000
New York, New York
Jeanette Ingberman, Co-Founder/Director
Exit Art/The First World was founded in 1981 to expand opportunities for emerging and mid-career
visual artists of all backgrounds in a non-commercial setting. From the beginning, Exit Art's exhibitions,
which present a wide spectrum of artistic voices, have been enthusiastically received by the art
viewing public. The gallery has become a vital and dynamic center for new art in New York and has
established an international reputation as a place where new and exciting work can be seen. In 1992,
Exit Art/The First World moved into spacious new quarters containing 11,000 square feet of exhibition
space, a 500 square foot museum shop, a cafe, and a 150-seat theater. Since then, attendance has tripled
and the gallery has become downtown's "hottest" venue for cutting edge art. Exit Art has always been
resourceful in its business strategies as well, one of which has been a special events/space rental program
that generates rental income from its two gallery spaces and cafe during off hours. This year staff
will launch a project designed to significantly increase rental income from these spaces. The project
entails a detailed analysis of past marketing efforts, the development of new marketing materials, a
direct mail campaign targeting strong prospects, and on-site promotional tours of the facility. Our grant
will support this effort.
Foundry Theatre $10,000
New York New York
Melanie Joseph, Artistic Director
The Foundry Theatre is a new company dedicated to developing and producing plays that reach out to
diverse audiences and challenge them to reconsider their definitions of theater. Its first production, The
Convention of Cartography, was staged in 1994 to great acclaim. It went on to a sold-out extended run,
won an Obie award for the playwright and garnered a Drama Desk nomination for the company.
Subsequent productions have met with similar outstanding success and the company, young as it is, has
established a reputation for doing high quality, inventive work. This season, the Foundry will present
two new pieces in workshop form and produce a mainstage musical work that it developed last year. As
the company moves rapidly ahead with its artistic agenda, staff and board have made plans to address
three key areas of management. Our grant will support a three-pronged project to develop marketing and
promotional materials, cultivate individual donors, and expand and strengthen the board of directors. It
is expected that these efforts will help to build the infrastructure necessary for future growth.

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Irish Repertory Theater $15,000
New York, New York
Ciaran O'Reilly, Producing Director
The Irish Repertory Theatre was founded in 1988 by Ciaran O'Reilly and Charlotte Moore to bring Irish
works to a wider audience and to give form to the contemporary Irish American experience. In the eight
seasons since then, the company has won a strong popular following and critical accolades, including
the Drama Desk Award for Excellence. In January 1995, the Irish Rep signed a long-term lease on a
5,200 square foot raw space in Chelsea. By September, the company had transformed the former chemical
warehouse into a beautiful permanent home featuring a 140-seat mainstage theater and a 60-seat
studio theater. Now that the arduous task of renovating its theaters is complete and its future in its new
space is secure, the company has turned its attention to developing its audience base and enhancing its
ability to serve it. Our grant will support two related projects aimed at achieving these ends - the creation
of an integrated mailing list\donor list\box office database and the development of the company's
first membership program. Through these efforts, the Irish Repertory Theatre expects to increase
earned and contributed income and to streamline its administrative functions.
Joyce Theater
New York, New York
Linda Shelton, Executive Director
$35,000
Since 1985, the Dia Center for the Arts has operated a subsidized dance program in the three-story building
it owns at 155 Mercer Street. The building houses exceptional dance rehearsal and performance space
for non-profit dance companies and is a critical element in the "food chain" that supports the dance community
in New York City. Thus, in the spring of 1994 when rumors surfaced that Dia intended to sell the
building, hundreds of dance artists and concerned citizens wrote to the city's Department of Cultural Affairs
to express dismay at the prospect of losing this facility. When the Joyce Theater, one of the foremost venues
for medium-sized dance companies in the country, sought and secured a major grant to purchase the building
so as to. preserve it for dance, the dance community breathed a sigh of relief. The acquisition of the
facility creates an opportunity for the Joyce to enlarge its mission and expand its services to the dance world.
To ensure a smooth transition, our grant will enable the Joyce to begin a planning process that will address
these issues. Work will include the updating of the Joyce's long-range plan, a comprehensive survey of the
dance community's needs, and the development of a business plan for "the Joyce Soho."

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Lim6n Dance Foundation $35,000
New York, New York
Mark W. Jones, Executive Director
Jos6 Lim6n was a major figure in American modem dance who founded his distinguished company in
1946. Upon his death in 1972, Lim6n's company, in a bid to perpetuate an important style of modem
dance and a unique repertory, chose not to disband. After an initial period of confusion, the Company
began to regroup and is now one of the country's foremost modem dance troupes. Moreover, it is one
of the very few companies working to preserve the artistic legacy of a master choreographer as well
as to bridge the generations by encouraging the work of gifted new choreographers. As the company
enters its 50th anniversary year, the time is right to re-design its promotional materials, not only to
emphasize this important occasion but also to update the material to include information about new
works in the repertory, new dancers, and the new Resident Choreographer, Donald McKayle. With
our support, the Lim6n Foundation will significantly upgrade its brochures, press kits, and promotional
video, and create a presence on the Internet. These activities are expected to increase the Lim6n
Foundation's visibility along with its revenue from tour bookings.
New York Chamber Symphony $30,000
New York, New York
Adam A. Pinsker, Manager
The New York Chamber Symphony was founded in 1977 by conductor Gerard Schwarz as the 92nd
Street Y's resident orchestra. The orchestra has built its reputation as an excellent ensemble that presents
innovative programs with a focus on American music. In the 1992-93 season, in recognition of
its distinctive identity apart from the Y and the orchestra's ambitions to pursue an expanded agenda,
the Symphony formed its own Board of Directors, acquired separate tax exempt status, and began to
build its administrative capacities. Since then, working primarily with consultants, the leadership of
the orchestra has worked diligently to continue offering the public its programs while meeting the
challenges of establishing itself as an independent entity. This year, the Board engaged a capable and
experienced full time manager who is anxious to complete the process of separating the orchestra's
administrative functions from those of the 92nd Street Y, and at the same time to strengthen those
administrative functions with a state-of-the-art information management system. Our grant will support
this transition, as well as a marketing campaign designed to increase earned income from ticket
sales during the New York Chamber Symphony's Twentieth Anniversary Season.

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New York Shakespeare Festival/Public Theater $40,000
New York, New York
George C. Wolfe, Producer
The Public Theater, also known as the New York Shakespeare Festival, was founded in 1954 by Joseph
Papp on the principle that a theater with the highest professional standards could attract and should be
made available to a broad public. From its earliest beginnings presenting free performances of
Shakespeare, to its innovative programming, nontraditional casting, and culturally diverse offerings,
the Public Theater has set the standard for companies across the country. After the death of Joseph
Papp in 1991, the Public entered a new era. In 1993, the young and dynamic playwright/producer
George C. Wolfe was appointed to lead the institution, with the mandate to revitalize the company
artistically while placing it on firm financial footing. Since then, the Public has more than reclaimed
its position as a vital and innovative force in theater. Moreover, board and staff have undertaken the
development of the theater's first-ever long range business plan. Our grant is in support of the initial
implementation of this plan, designed to ensure the fiscal stability of the theater.
Performance Space 122
New York, New York
Mark Russell, Executive Director
$30,000
Performance Space 122 is a nationally recognized presenting organization serving a constituency of
independent artists and emerging dance and theater companies. Located in a city-owned former
school house, its two theaters seating 75 and 150 persons are home to more than 300 performances
each year, as well as hundreds of workshops and rehearsals. P.S. 122 is known for its inventive programming
and discovery of new talent. While cutbacks for cultural programming have taken a toll on
virtually all arts institutions, the "downtown" centers, because they tend to be younger and less established,
have been particularly hard hit. Our grant will support a marketing campaign designed to
strengthen P.S. 122's earned income base by attracting new ticket buyers. The campaign will include
research on the "downtown" performance audience, the creation of a comprehensive database of ticket
buyers at 20 downtown performance venues, the development of new marketing materials based on
the research, and implementation of an expanded direct mail campaign advertising P.S. 122 events. It
is expected that the planned research will be of great value to the entire downtown presenting community,
in addition to helping P.S. 122 boost its own box office income.

33
Pick Up Performance Company $25,000
New York, New York
June Poster, Managing Director
The Pick Up Performance Company was established in 1978 by David Gordon, one of the most talented of
the choreographers to emerge from the Judson Church era of the 1960's, whose work evolved over time to
encompass television and theater as well as dance. In 1994, the Pick Up Performance Company expanded
its artistic mission to include support for the work of theater artist Ain Gordon, David's son and frequent collaborator.
Since then, the interdisciplinary nature of their collaboration has begun to attract new performance
opportunities at theater companies and venues outside those in the conventional dance world. Consequently,
the company has been able to schedule several productions during its touring season next year. Our grant
will enable the Pick Up Performance Company to mount a structured public relations campaign designed to
expand press coverage nationally while allowing the company to maintain control over the message and
image conveyed. The campaign is viewed as an essential ingredient in the effort to capitalize on the expanded
opportunities inherent in the company's new, more flexible configuration. Moreover, the company's
newly clarified image and higher visibility will help reinvigorate its individual donor base.
Poets & Writers $35,000
New York, New York
Elliot Figman, Executive Director
Founded in 1970, Poets & Writers is the primary national literary service organization in the United States.
Writers are solitary workers and Poets & Writers fills a need for community, communication, and professional
information. P&W carries out four programs - Publications, Information Services, Readings and
Workshops, and the Writers Exchange - all serving individual writers, publishers, schools, and other organizations
that need to keep in touch with the literary field. Given that its primary missions are to foster the
professional development of writers and promote connections among members of the literary community,
the Internet presents an unprecedented opportunity for P&W to expand the reach and scope of its services.
Over the past several months, P&W has been developing a web site, P&W Online, designed to do just that.
The site will greatly increase the public's access to P&W's information while saving staff time. In addition,
the web site is expected to generate advertising income and increase subscriptions to Poets & Writers
Magazine. Our grant will assist with the costs associated with the launching of P&W Online, including outside
technical assistance, and the expenses of publicizing the new service to writers and the general public.

34
Riverside Symphony $15,000
New York, New York
Anthony Korf Artistic Director
The Riverside Symphony was founded in 1980 in response to the growing tendency of the major
orchestras to perform only the so-called "war horses" or familiar standards. In the past, one of the
most important roles a conductor played was that of an expert who sought out and brought new music
to the attention of the music-loving public. Today, this responsibility has been largely abandoned by
the leaders of large symphonies, who must be more concerned with attracting financially secure (and
often musically conservative) subscribers. In contrast, the Riverside Symphony offers programs that
combine new compositions with rarely heard pieces by past masters as well as works from the standard
repertory. It also focuses on reaching the audiences of tomorrow by previewing its Tully Hall
concerts for school children. Over the years, the orchestra has developed a loyal following, and many
audience members have expressed a desire to become more involved with its activities. Our grant will
support a plan designed to identify and mobilize a volunteer group comprised of these individuals. The
corps of properly trained, well-organized volunteers that is expected to result will be a great asset, significantly
increasing earned and contributed income for the Riverside Symphony.
Second Stage
New York, New York
Carole Rothman, Artistic Director
$30,000
Founded in 1979, the Second Stage Theatre is dedicated to giving new life to contemporary American
works that fared poorly in their first productions and to developing and producing new American
plays. The company also focuses on giving emerging authors their Off Broadway debuts. Over the
years, Second Stage has developed into a major theatrical force, producing many award winning hits
that have gone on to successful commercial runs both on and off Broadway. Since the company's
administrative operations were computerized in 1985, faster, more efficient programs and products,
many designed specifically for use by arts organizations, have been developed. Yet Second Stage has
been unable to take advantage of them on its outmoded system. This year, in a move to greatly streamline
its administrative operations, the company has planned a comprehensive computer upgrade
project to be implemented in three stages. Our grant will be used to purchase new software and to
pay for consulting time, data transfer, and staff training expenses associated with the project.

35
Snug Harbor Cultural Center $35,000
Staten Island, New York
David E. Kleiser President & C.E.O.
Snug Harbor Cultural Center is located on Staten Island's North Shore at an historic, 19th century site
that was built as America's first sailors' retirement home. Purchased by the City of New York in 1976
and designated a National Historic Landmark District and an Urban Cultural Park, it includes 83 acres
of park land and 28 buildings housing 19 resident arts organizations. Over the next several years, Snug
Harbor will undertake some major facilities projects that will significantly raise the institution's profile,
greatly increasing visitorship and opportunities for new artistic initiatives. Plans include the
reinstallation of a dock at the main entrance to Snug Harbor and the introduction of ferry service to
Manhattan, as well as the renovation of an 800-seat Music Hall dating from 1892. In order to capitalize
on these developments, it is critical that the Center's resident institutions work together in a
collaborative spirit. Toward this end, our grant will support a planning process that will bring these
constituents together to forge a shared vision, establish a governance structure for Snug Harbor's campus
community, and create a joint marketing program.
York Theatre Company $55,000
New York, New York
Janet Hayes Walker, Producing Artistic Director
The York Theatre Company was founded twenty-seven years ago by actor/director/producer Janet
Hayes Walker to produce new and classic plays, and to provide a place where underexposed but
deserving works of all kinds can have a second chance at success. Since then, the York has established
a high reputation with "jewel box" productions of musicals and other works that enable audiences to
see the works in a new light. Over the years, it has created a series of award winning shows, many of
which have gone on to acclaimed Broadway and Off Broadway runs. Two years ago, the company
moved from its long-time home in a church in the East 90's to the theater in the centrally located St.
Peter's Church in the Citicorp building. The new location offers the company the opportunity to significantly
raise its visibility and to attract a much wider audience. With our support, the York will
carry out a marketing project designed to achieve these ends through a greatly expanded subscription
campaign, a concerted program of outreach to its corporate neighbors, and enhanced efforts to sell single
tickets to the 1996-97 season's three productions.

36
Grants in Support of Arts Advocacy
American Civil Liberties Union Foundation $55,000
Arts Censorship Project
New York, New York
Marjorie Heins, Project Director
The Arts Censorship Project of the American Civil Liberties Union was created in the spring of 1991 in response
to increasing attacks by both government and private pressure groups on artists and arts institutions, especially
those dealing with sexual or controversial themes. The animating philosophy of the Project is that First
Amendment rights are indivisible, that artistic expression is critical to the life of society and the intellectual and
spiritual growth of the individual, and that the public has the right to judge for itself which artistic expressions
are valuable or entertaining. Above all, the Arts Censorship Project is committed to the principle that in a free
society, government must not be permitted to impose its own standards of artistic merit or morality on its citizens
by suppressing creative works. To defend these principles, Project staff develop legal strategies to combat
censorship, provide legal representation for artists and arts organizations under attack, and work to educate policymakers
and the general public about the importance of preserving and protecting First Amendment rights.
National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies $40,000
Washington, D.C.
Robert L. Lynch, President and CEO
Founded in 1978, the National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies was created as a membership organization
to support the nation's 3,800 local arts agencies in their effort to develop an essential role for the
arts in America's communities. To further this objective, NALAA conducted research to demonstrate
the value of the arts and, in 1994, collaborated with several local, state, and federal associations including
the U.S. Conference of Mayors and the National Conference of State Legislators to establish the
Institute for Community Development and the Arts. The Institute's purpose was to demonstrate and
document the economic and social benefits generated by the arts in different parts of the country. After
its first full year of operation, the Institute compiled significant research and created several publications
that demonstrate a wide range of positive outcomes that have resulted from artistic activities. With
our support, NALAA will make this information available to a wide audience and raise the visibility of
the Institute's work. It is expected that the Institute will be retained to continue these activities as
NALAA moves forward with its plans to merge with the American Council for the Arts.

37
National Campaign for Freedom of Expression $55,000
Washington, D.C.
David Mendoza, Executive Director
The National Campaign for Freedom of Expression was formed in 1990 by a group of individual
artists, arts organizations, and citizens in response to growing threats to artistic freedom from the religious
and political far right. As artists across the country became increasingly alarmed about attacks
on the visual and performing arts, the movement to join together in resistance quickly gained momentum.
In the long term, the Campaign seeks to expand the debate from one narrowly focused on
"obscenity" to one that addresses the issues of freedom of expression and access to the arts for all
Americans. In the short term, NCFE is a principal vehicle through which artists under siege can
express opposition, and a place to turn for tactical and moral support. Our grant will enable NCFE to
monitor censorship incidents, provide legal and other assistance to artists under attack, build coalitions
with like-minded organizations across the country, and educate the public and the media about free
speech issues.
National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy $30,000
Washington, D.C.
Bob Bothwell, Executive Director
For 25 years, the National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy has served the non-profit sector by
researching and reporting on trends in the philanthropic community. NCRP has now turned its attention
to a small but increasingly influential group of foundations that have moved conservative ideology
in the public policy arena, forcing progressive organizations into increasingly defensive and reactive
postures. Over the past decade these foundations have provided support for a growing army of conservative
think tanks, legal organizations and advocates - all determined to unravel the institutional
underpinnings that have legitimized a strong federal role in implementing progressive policies such as
public funding of the arts, environmental protection, and support for the nation's family planning program,
to name just a few. Our grant will enable the National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy
to research and report on the funding strategies of conservative foundations that have enabled them to
make these gains. It is hoped that the study will cause mainstream foundations that have traditionally
supported progressive social agendas to reexamine their own grantmaking procedures and strategies
within the context of the nation's increasing conservatism.

38
People For the American Way $80,000
Artsave Project
Washington, D.C.
Tom Andrews, President
Founded in 1980 by a distinguished group of religious and civic leaders, People For the American Way
is a national non-partisan, 300,000-member organization dedicated to promoting and protecting the
First Amendment rights guaranteed by the Constitution. During the past decade and a half, People For
has led the campaign to defend the values that hold this nation together: pluralism; individuality; tolerance;
and freedom of religion, thought, and expression. In 1990, with the National Endowment for
the Arts embroiled in the censorship controversy, People For launched a new program to protect the
autonomy of artists and arts institutions, to protest arts censorship, and to publicize the importance of
the National Endowment for the Arts in our nation's cultural life. Since then, the project, known as
Artsave, has played a vital role in monitoring and reporting on threats to creative expression, helping
artists defend themselves against censorship attempts, and increasing public understanding of the constitutional
principles that protect artistic and other forms of free expression. Our grant is in support of
this work.

39
Ensuring Access to Comprehensive Reproductive Health
Information and Services
Catholics for a Free Choice $60,000
Washington, D.C.
Frances Kissling, President
Established in 1973, Catholics for a Free Choice is an educational organization that supports the right
to legal reproductive health care, family planning, and abortion. CFFC plays an important role in balancing
pro-choice Catholic perspectives with the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy's opposition to
contraception, abortion, assisted fertility, and a wide range of reproductive options. In recent years, the
Church has joined forces with Protestant fundamentalist "pro-life" activists to make major gains in
extending their vision of "morality" to the public at large, convincing policymakers to slash funds for
family planning programs and pass laws making abortion services more difficult to obtain. In view of
these developments, CFFC has worked to expose the links between these groups and to draw public
attention to their impact on policymaking through a series of illuminating studies and reports. These
include a series of monographs that describe the role played by the Catholic Bishops in denying women
access to contraceptive and abortion services; the anti-choice activities of conservative Catholic organizations
and their connections with non-Catholic fundamentalist groups; and the Church's
involvement in health care delivery and the implications of that involvement for access to reproductive
health care. This year, our grant will support CFFC's continued research on the Catholic Right as well
as its efforts to establish a coalition of progressive Catholic groups to challenge the Catholic Right.

40
Center for Reproductive Law and Policy $100,000
New York, New York
Janet Benshoof, President
The Center for Reproductive Law and Policy was established in 1992 with the mission of ensuring that
women have access to comprehensive reproductive health care. During the same year, the Supreme
Court ruled in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey that state-imposed waiting
periods, counseling, and parental consent requirements do not impose an "undue burden" on women
seeking abortion and are, therefore, constitutional. The Casey ruling has encouraged anti-choice
activists in states across the country to propose similar restrictions, just as the federal Hyde
Amendment spawned legislation denying Medicaid coverage for abortion in most states. With our
support, Center staff will continue to pursue litigation in federal and state courts challenging the discriminatory
exclusion of abortion from Medicaid coverage, and arguing that restrictions like those
upheld in Casey do in fact constitute an undue burden for women seeking abortion. The Center will
also conduct litigation and develop legal remedies to counter anti-choice violence. Staff will provide
pro-choice activists, policymakers, and members of the press with legal analyses of court decisions
and legislative proposals addressing the full range of reproductive rights concerns.
Ms. Foundation for Women $65,000
New York, New York
Marie C. Wilson, President
Established in 1975, the Ms. Foundation supports grassroots women's groups working on issues such as
discrimination, domestic violence, economic empowerment, and non-sexist education. In its grantmaking,
priority is given to groups whose access to financial support is limited, and that sponsor
community-based self-help initiatives. Its funding is also distinguished by a policy of helping grantees
develop the skills they need to become effective agents of social change. In 1988, with the future of reproductive
rights ever more tenuous and the battle lines shifting to the individual states, the Ms. Foundation
expanded its work in this area with a significant new component: the Reproductive Rights Coalition Fund.
The Fund is designed to support the development of coalitions organizing around reproductive rights
issues in targeted states throughout the country, and to sustain these organizations so that they endure
beyond the current controversy. Aimed at harnessing the energy of individual groups and encouraging
them to work collectively, the Fund provides financial and technical assistance to state and regional coalitions
organizing around reproductive rights issues in targeted states. Our grant supports this effort.

41
NARAL Foundation
Washington, D.C.
Kate Michelman, President
$90,000
The NARAL Foundation was founded in 1977 to advocate for the repeal of laws criminalizing
tion. In
abor-
recent years, its mission has expanded to include efforts to "guarantee every woman
to
the
make
right
personal decisions regarding a full range of reproductive choices, including preventing
tended
unin-
pregnancy, bearing healthy children and choosing legal abortion." In today's
post-Webster/post-Casey era, with increasing power to limit reproductive rights having been
to
granted
individual states, NARAL has focused much of its energy on combating anti-choice activities
state and
at the
local level. As part of this effort, and that of planning national pro-choice strategies,
organization
the
developed NARAL*STAR, a computerized database designed to track the growing
of reproductive
body
rights-related legislation and court decisions nationwide. With our support, NARAL
will continue the expansion and updating of this data, and will use it to prepare a report on the
of reproductive
status
rights in all fifty states. Produced annually, the report will be widely disseminated to
policymakers, the pro-choice community, and the public at large.
NARAL/New York
New York, New York
Kelli Conlin, Executive Director
$30,000
Over the past 25 years, NARAL/New York, the New York State affiliate of the NARAL Foundation, has
worked to ensure that women living throughout the state have access to reproductive health care, including
abortion. In recent years staff have observed that the number of abortion providers, including
hospitals, appeared to be declining and that the cost of performing abortions in hospitals appeared to be
unnecessarily high. Convinced that the continued availability of comprehensive reproductive health care
in hospitals is critically important, particularly in a climate characterized by growing anti-choice violence
aimed at clinics and a rapidly declining pool of qualified abortion providers, NARAL/NY initiated its
Hospital Provider Project. Through this project, staff have been working to elucidate the primary reasons
for the decrease in hospital abortion providers in New York, and to develop strategies to reverse the
provider shortage. With our support, NARAL/NY will publicize its research findings and mount an
advocacy campaign aimed at increasing the availability of abortion services in New York hospitals.

42
National Abortion Federation
Washington, D.C.
Vicki Saporta, Executive Director
$60,000
The National Abortion Federation is a membership organization of approximately 300 abortion
providers, including Planned Parenthood affiliates, hospital-affiliated services, and independent clinics.
NAF has developed standards of performance for counseling and medical services, conducts
professional training workshops and seminars, and provides information on abortion technology to its
members and the public. Over the past decade, NAF's members have endured increasingly violent
attacks, as anti-choice activities have escalated from political pressure to outright terrorism. Random
violence; daily harassment at work and at home; rising expenses for security, legal, and insurance services;
even the specter of death at the hands of anti-choice zealots-these are the hardships facing
service providers today. One of NAF's responses to this situation was the creation of a Legal
Clearinghouse. The Clearinghouse collaborates with the D.C. law firm of Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin
to help individual clinics find and use effective legal and community support remedies for clinic
harassment problems, and to advise NAF's membership on the best ways to avoid or minimize the difficulties
caused by extremists. Our grant is in support of the Legal Clearinghouse, as well as NAF's
public policy efforts related to clinic defense.
National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association $60,000
Washington, D.C.
Judith DeSarno, President
NFPRHA is a membership organization of some 1,000 family planning service providers operating over
4,000 clinics in all 50 states. Funded under Title X of the Public Health Service Act, these clinics provide
not only contraceptive counseling and services, but also breast and cervical cancer screening, treatment
for sexually transmitted diseases, and AIDS testing for 4 million low-income women each year. NFPRHA
provides information about relevant public policy initiatives to its members and is actively engaged in
advocating for policies that will protect reproductive rights for all women. Since the November 1994 elections
that brought conservative majorities to both houses of Congress, family planning programs have
been repeatedly threatened. In addition, the Christian Coalition, which has great influence with the 104th
Congress, has specifically targeted Title X for elimination. Our grant will support NFPRHA's operations
and public policy efforts over the coming year as it works to preserve the nation's family planning program
and build an educated constituency which supports the right to choose.

43
National Women's Law Center $50,000
Washington, D.C.
Marcia D. Greenberger, Co-President
The National Women's Law Center is an independent organization whose litigation, research, public
education, and advocacy activities are aimed at ensuring that policies address the rights and needs of
women. The Center is a valued source of legal expertise in many policy areas of central concern to
women, including income support, employment, education, tax reform, and child care. And in recent
years, as abortion rights have come under attack in the courts and in Congress, the Center has become
increasingly involved as a key player in the reproductive rights debate. In this capacity, Center attorneys
analyze proposed legislation and statutes, brief legislators and their staffs on legal aspects of
reproductive health care and rights issues, and provide legal analysis and assistance to other prochoice
groups. This year, our grant will support the Center's reproductive rights work as it focuses on
a myriad of issues arising at the federal level, including pending Federal Drug Administration approval
of RU-486 (the French abortion pill) and enforcement of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances
Act (FACE).
New York Civil Liberties Union Foundation $75,000
New York, New York
Norman Siegel, Executive Director
New York State has the reputation of being progressive on the issue of reproductive freedom.
However, because New York's strong laws rely upon federal constitutional principles whose scope has
been narrowed by the Webster and Casey decisions, reproductive freedom-particularly for teenage,
poor, and minority women-is very much at risk. In order to preserve and strengthen the rights of
New York's women in the face of these threats, the New York Civil Liberties Union established a
Reproductive Rights Project to conduct litigation, public education, and legal analyses of court decisions
and legislation. Last year, NYCLU successfully petitioned the Appellate Court to overturn a
lower court ruling allowing eviction of the Long Island Gynecological Services clinic in the face of
violent threats. This year, with our support, Project attorneys will defend this victory against further
legal challenges, pursue litigation against Operation Rescue for obstruction and harassment at the clinic,
and participate in other reproductive rights litigation. In addition, NYCLU staff will advise
policymakers, medical professionals, and the pro-choice community regarding policy initiatives that
affect the availability of reproductive health services and information.

44
Planned Parenthood of Central and Northern Arizona $25,000
Phoenix, Arizona
Brian Howard, Executive Director
Planned Parenthood of Central and Northern Arizona is one of the oldest Planned Parenthood affiliates
in the country. For the past several years, PPCNA has been working in Arizona and training other
reproductive rights activists around the country to strengthen public support for family planning services
and counter rightwing anti-choice campaigns. Last year, Phoenix was selected as one of five
model sites, and PPCNA as the lead organization, for a project known as Communities United for
Reproductive Safety (CUReS). Developed by the ProChoice Resource Center, the project will develop
community-wide public education and organizing campaigns to counter anti-abortion violence and
harassment. With our support, PPCNA will lead the Phoenix steering committee in involving other
community groups in CUReS, developing a community profile, and conducting focus group research
that will inform the design of the project's public education strategies. It is hoped that this work will
mobilize broad community support to enhance the safety of abortion providers.
Planned Parenthood of New York City $75,000
New York, New York
Barry Ensminger, Executive Director
Historically, New York State has been a leader in making reproductive health care available to its residents.
Unfortunately, access to care in New York is now threatened by revolutionary changes in the
nation's health care system compounded by the activities of anti-choice religious right activists. As the
largest Planned Parenthood affiliate in the country, Planned Parenthood of New York City has been on
the forefront of the battle to ensure that all women have access to comprehensive reproductive health
services. In addition to providing family planning and abortion services to thousands of women and
girls living in the New York area, PPNYC has been an active advocate in defense of women's reproductive
health and freedom. In recent years, PPNYC has fought to preserve Medicaid funding for
abortion, to maintain comprehensive sexuality education in the public schools, to create clinic safety
laws in New York City, and to ensure that minors have access to reproductive health care statewide.
With our support, PPNYC is now mounting a public education and advocacy campaign aimed at 1)
maintaining access to reproductive health services within managed care programs; 2) ensuring that the
rights of teens are protected; and 3) ensuring that abortion services are available throughout the state.

45
ProChoice Resource Center $100,000
Pro-Choice Public Education Project
Mamaroneck, New York
Estelle Rogers, Project Director
Over the past year, anti-choice activists in government have succeeded in quietly undermining access
to family planning and abortion services through attacks on Medicaid and Title X funding and by creating
a variety of administrative obstacles to the provision of these services. At the same time, recent
polling data indicate that the general public, the majority of which is pro-choice, is quite unaware that
reproductive rights are at risk. In response to this situation, the major national pro-choice organizations
and pro-choice funders have joined together in creating the Pro-Choice Public Education Project
to plan a coordinated media and public relations campaign to dramatize to the greater pro-choice public
the seriousness of the current threats to choice. Our grant is in support of this unprecedented
collaborative effort by the pro-choice community to mount an aggressive, non-partisan media and
public education campaign.
ProChoice Resource Center $95,000
Mamaroneck, New York
Nancy Yanofsky, Executive Director
In 1984, the Westchester Coalition for Legal Abortion devised a voter mobilization strategy called
ProChoice IdEA which involves identifying, educating, and activating choice supporters in a particular
political region. In response to numerous requests from pro-choice groups around the country for information
about how to implement the IdEA techniques, Coalition leaders established the ProChoice Resource
Center as an independent education and training center. This year, our two grants supported the Center's
training and technical assistance work with pro-choice groups, the publication of an Opposition Primer, and
a new project entitled Communities United for Reproductive Safety (CUReS). The Primer summarizes the
Religious Right's positions on tax reform, education, homosexual rights, welfare reform, and censorship.
By explaining the links between these positions and the Right's anti-choice agenda, the Primer is intended
to facilitate cross-issue collaboration to counter the Religious Right. Similarly, the CUReS Project is
designed to bring together choice advocates and other activists concerned with healthcare, public safety, and
violence prevention. This year, the Project will develop public education and organizing campaigns to combat
anti-choice harassment in five cities with histories of violence against abortion providers.

46
Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice Educational Fund $72,000
Washington, D.C.
Ann Thompson Cook, Executive Director
The Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice is a national coalition of 38 Protestant, Jewish, and
other faith groups committed to the preservation of reproductive rights and religious freedom. Over the
past several years, religious right ideologues have worked quietly to position themselves on decisionmaking
bodies within church hierarchies. Once situated on these bodies, they have used their positions
to attack from within any denominational actions that they perceive as pro-choice. This year, a $60,000
grant from the Foundation will assist the Coalition with a project designed to educate its faith group
members about the dangers posed by these religious right activities, to support denominations that are
now under attack, and to work with faith groups to develop strategies to counter right-wing influence.
A second $12,000 grant will enable RCAR to develop and distribute guidelines that outline religious
right positions and strategies and that describe how these positions undermine religious liberty and the
right to choose. The guidelines will be distributed to the 35,000 participants in a national United
Church of Christ teleconference entitled "Freedom of Conscience and the Radical Religious Right."
Sex Information and Education Council of the U.S. $120,000
New York, New York
Over 2 years
Debra W. Haffner, President
The Sex Information and Education Council of the U.S. (SIECUS) was founded in 1964 to provide
information on parenting and reproduction to health care professionals, educators, policymakers, students,
and the general public. In 1989, concerned with rising statistics on teen pregnancy and the
frightening implications of the growing AIDS threat, SIECUS began to concentrate more of its
resources on developing programs for teens. Since then, it has released comprehensive curriculum
guidelines for sexuality education, produced a handbook on building grassroots support for sex education
in the schools, and developed a coalition of national organizations committed to moving this
agenda forward. Most recently, it released a blue ribbon report on the state of the nation's adolescents'
sexual health. Our grant will support SIECUS's continued efforts to inform the public policy debate
on these issues as part of its overall program of advancing sexuality education. Work will include support
for and expansion of the National Coalition to Support Sexuality Education, aggressive outreach
to federal policymakers, and a program of training workshops and speeches designed to teach activists
how to promote comprehensive sexuality education in their own communities.

47
State University of New York $23,043
Center for Women in Government
Albany, New York
Judith Saidel, Executive Director
New York State legalized abortion in 1970, three years before the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade decision.
Since that time New York has remained a leader in protecting the reproductive rights of poor women and
teens by providing Medicaid coverage for reproductive health care, and turning back anti-choice efforts to
require minors to obtain parental consent before receiving an abortion. However, in recent years the
Catholic Conference and the Christian Coalition have become increasingly influential in Albany. Last year,
for the first time since 1978, the State Senate passed a bill restricting minors' access to abortion. In order
to counter this influence and strengthen pro-choice advocacy on the state level, a graduate fellow from the
Center for Women in Government at the State University of New York State will work with Family
Planning Advocates of New York State to organize a Reproductive Health Clergy Network. The Network
will inform pro-choice clergy about reproductive health policy debates and assist them in conveying a religious
pro-choice perspective to policymakers and the press. Our grant is in support of this work.
Voters for Choice Education Fund $40,000
Washington, D.C.
Julie Burton, Executive Director
The Voters for Choice Education Fund was founded in 1992 by Gloria Steinem in response to the
growing political power of the anti-choice right wing. The Fund was created to identify and register
pro-choice women to vote, to train young pro-choice activists, and to encourage and support the development
of pro-choice candidates for public office. Last year, galvanized by the 1994 elections,
pro-choice activists working with the Fund mounted the Pipeline to Power Project. This year, the
Project will educate local legislators and high school and college-age women about reproductive rights
issues. In order to design effective public education campaigns, project staff will conduct focus groups
and a national survey of young adults' views on these issues. The Project will also expand its voter
registration and voter education efforts targeted at young women and women of color. Our grant is in
support of this work.

48
Women's Legal Defense Fund
Washington, D.C.
Judith L. Lichtman, President
$40,000
The Women's Legal Defense Fund was founded in 1971 and is now a leading national advocate of
women's legal rights. Three years ago, WLDF expanded its ongoing efforts in support of women's
reproductive rights to address the threats and opportunities posed by national and state health care
reform initiatives. In the wake of the 1994 elections, WLDF has been working to combat new state
and federal restrictions on women's access to abortion and family planning services. During the coming
year, the WLDF Women's Health Project will intensify its efforts at the national level to preserve
funding for and access to comprehensive reproductive health services. Project staff will provide information,
analysis, and technical assistance to policymakers, the press, and other advocates. In
particular, they will disseminate information about the negative impact on women's health of proposals
to ban certain late-term abortions, eliminate government funding for abortion, and otherwise limit
the availability of abortion services. WLDF will also help develop litigation strategies and amicus
briefs for cases challenging laws that restrict women's access to reproductive health care. Our grant
is in support of this work.

49
General Program
In 1996, the Foundation awarded grants to a limited number of organizations whose work does not fall
within our three major fields. Most of these provide technical assistance to the philanthropic community
as a whole.
Arts Wire
Council on Foundations
Foundation Center
$ 3,000
8,530
8,000
Grantmakers for Children, Youth and Families 1,000
Kessler Institute
100,000
New York Regional Association of Grantmakers 4,300
Williams College
Women & Philanthropy
5,000
2,500

Financial
Information

52
Auditor's Report
To the Board of Directors
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and net assets arising from cash transactions of the Robert
Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc. ("Foundation") as of October 31, 1996, and the related statements of revenues collected,
expenses paid and changes in net assets, functional expenses and cash flows for the year then ended. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Foundation's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that
Ustatement.
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material mis-
An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made
by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides
a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As described in Note 2, the Foundation's policy is to prepare its financial statements on a basis of cash receipts
and disbursements; consequently, revenue and the related assets are recognized when received rather than when
earned, and expenses are recognized when paid rather than when the obligation is incurred; except that the statements
include a provision for depreciation of building and equipment. Accordingly, the accompanying financial
statements are not intended to present financial position and results of operations in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the assets and
net assets arising from cash transactions of the Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc. as of October 31, 1996, and
the revenues collected, expenses paid and changes in net assets and cash flows for the year then ended, on a basis
of accounting described in Note 2, which basis has been consistently applied.
Our examination was made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a
whole. The additional information is presented for purposes of further analysis and is not a required part of the
basic financial statements. Such information has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the examination
of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the
basic financial statements taken as a whole.
Tardino & Tardino
Certified Public Accountants
December 19, 1996
Lincoln Building
60 East 42nd Street
New York, NY 10165

53
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc.
Statement of Assets and Net Assets (Cash Basis)
ASSETS
October 31, 1996
(With Comparative Totals for October 31, 1995)
1996 1995
INCOME PRINCIPAL TOTAL TOTAL
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 21,097 $ 2,927,394 $ 2,948,491 $ 2,316,185
Investments
Available for Sale Securities - Account 1
Schedule A- I (Note 3) - 57,834,344 57,834,344 54,293,533
Available for Sale Securities - Account 2
Schedule A-2 (Note 3) - 21,779,503 21,779,503 18,970,620
Available for Sale Securities - Account 3
Schedule A-3 (Note 3) - 10,915,649 10,915,649 10,096,920
- 90,529,496 90,529,496 83,361,073
Total Current Assets 21,097 93,456,890 93,477,987 85,677,258
FIXED ASSETS (NOTE 4)
Co-Operative (Office Space) - 979,775 979,775 823,986
Furniture, Fixtures & Equipment - 56,869 56,869 -
Less: Accumulated Depreciation - (18,089) (18,089 -
- 1,018,555 1,018,555 823,986
Total Assets $ 21,097 $ 94,475,445 $ 94,496,542 $ 86,501,244
NET ASSETS
Net Assets $ 21,097 $ 61,002,478 $ 61,023,575 $ 59,373,674
Unrealized Gains on Securities -
Schedule "A" (Note 3)
Total Account 1 - 26,051,501 26,051,501 21,720,891
Total Account 2 - 6,448,834 6,448,834 5,195,000
Total Account 3 - 972,632 972,632 211,679
- 33,472,967 33,472,967 27,127,570
Total Net Assets $ 21,097 $ 94,475,445 $ 94,496,542 $ 86,501,244
The appended notes are an integral part of this statement.

54
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc.
Statement of Revenue Collected, Expenses Paid and
Changes in Net Assets (Cash Basis)
For the Year Ended October 31, 1996
(With Comparative Totals for the Year Ended October 31, 1995)
1996 1995
INCOME PRINCIPAL TOTAL TOTAL
REVENUES:
Net Gain - Securities - Account 1 $ - $ 1,831,989 $ 1,831,989 $ 5,480,117
Net Gain - Securities - Account 2 - 1,304,724 1,304,724 505,340
Net Gain - Securities - Account 3 - 457,407 457,407 505,340
Interest & Dividends - Account 1 1,855,993 - 1,855,993 1,544,355
Interest & Dividends - Account 2 699,579 - 699,579 712,959
Interest & Dividends - Account 3 271,622 - 271,622 174,840
Rental Income 12,600 - 12,600 4,270
Total Revenues 2,839,794 3,594,120 6,433,914 8,771,099
FUNCTIONAL EXPENSES:
Program Services 3,494,173 - 3,494,173 3,4606,500
Administrative & General 1,271,751 - 1,271,751 1,078,977
Depreciation Expense - 18,089 18,089 -
Total Expenses 4,765,924 18,089 4,784,013 4,685,477
CHANGE IN NET ASSETS (1,926,130) 3,576,031 1,649;901 4,085,622
Other Changes in Net Assets:
Fund Reclassifications
1,931,869 (1,931,869) -
Net Assets - November 1 15,358 59,358,316 59,373,674 55,288,052
Net Assets - October 31 $ 21,097 $ 61,002,478 $ 61,023,575 $ 59,373,674
The appended notes are an integral part of this statement.

55
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc.
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended October 31, 1996
(With Comparative Totals for the Year Ended October 31, 1995)
1996
INCOME
1995
PRINCIPAL TOTAL
CASH
TOTAL
FLOWS FROM
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Change in Net Assets $ (1,926,130) $ 3,576,031 $ 1,649,901 $ 4,085,622
Adjustments To Reconcile Excess
Revenues (Deficiency) Over
Expenses To Net Cash Provided
By Operating Activities:
Depreciation
- 18,089
(Increase)
18,089 -
Decrease in Securities - Account 1 - 789,799
(Increase)
789,799
Decrease
(2,341,430)
in Securities -Account 2 - (1,555,049) (1,555,049)
(Increase) in Securities
2,192,627
- Account 3 -
(Increase)
(57,776)
Decrease
(57,776)
in Deposit
(9,885,241)
Receivable - _
Increase
28,333
in Fund Reclassifications 1,931,869 (1,931,869) -
Net Cash Provided (Used) By Operations 5,739 839,225 844,964 (5,920,089)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITES:
Acquisition of CO-OP & Improvements - (155,789) (155,789) (823,986)
Purchase of Furniture & Equipment - (56,869) (56,869) -
Net Cash Provided (Used) By Operations - (212,658) (212,658) (823,986)
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash 5,739 626,567 632,306 (6,744,075)
Cash Balance - November 1 15,358 2,300,827 2,316,185 9,060,260
Cash Balance - October 31 $ 21,097 $ 2,927,394 $ 2,948,491 $ 2,316,185
The appended notes are an integral part of this statement.

56
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc.
Notes to Financial Statements
Year Ended October 31, 1996
Note 1. Organization:
The Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc. (The "Foundation") was incorporated under the laws of the
State of New York as a private foundation. The Foundation was organized to provide grants to charitable
organizations.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:
Accounting Policy
The Foundation maintains its books and records on the basis of cash receipts and disbursements modified to
include depreciation. Consequently, certain revenue and the related assets are recognized when received rather
than when earned, and certain expenses are recognized when paid rather than when the obligation is incurred.
The accompanying financial statements do not include accruals for income or expenses.
Income Taxes
The Foundation is a charitable organization within the meaning of Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue
code (Code). The Foundation is exempt from federal income tax under the Code as a private Foundation but is
subject to federal excise tax on its net investment income. Since the accounts of the Foundation are maintained
on a cash basis, the federal excise tax is charged against income when paid.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Foundation considers all highly liquid investments with an initial
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Note 3. Available for Sale Securities
The Foundation, in following FASB No. 124, has identified all its securities as "available for sale securities".
As such, these securities are stated at fair market value instead of historical cost. Additionally, the securities held
at October 31, 1995 have been restated to reflect fair market value for comparative purposes.

57
Note 4. Fixed Assets
Property and equipment have been recorded in the accounts at cost, with the exception of certain assets which
were written-off during the previous years when paid. The provision for depreciation has been computed at
annual rates (using the straight-line method) that will amortize the cost over the estimated useful lives of the
related assets.
Co-op & Furniture
Improvements
&
Equipment Totals
Cost basis $ 979,775 $ 56,869 $1,036,644
Accumulated depreciation (12,402) (5,687) ( 18,089)
Net Fixed Assets $ 967,373 $ 51,182 $ 1,018,555
The Foundation acquired on July 20, 1995 an interest in a co-operative (Co-op), located at 133 East 64th St.,
New York, NY, to use as its primary office space. The cost basis of $979,775 includes the original purchase
price of $725,000, capital improvements of $233,848, and closing costs of $20,927.
The current fixed monthly maintenance cost paid by the Foundation in relation to the Co-op is $3,680.
The Foundation is renting a portion of the Co-op. Current monthly rental income to the Foundation is $1,800.
Note 5. Grants
The total of grants authorized but unpaid as of October 31, 1996 is $1,215,000.
Note 6. Pension Plan
The Foundation has a defined contribution plan. Any employee, excluding students and those who work less
than 20 hours per week are eligible for employer contributions after completing 1 year of service and attainment
of age 21. Voluntary contributions can be made at any time. Contributions to the plan must be made on
a non-discriminatory basis. The Foundation will make a contribution to the plan on the employee's behalf in
the amount of 15% of his or her compensation. Employee voluntary contributions also can be made up to the
allowable maximum contribution as determined by IRS regulations.
Defined contribution pension expense for the Foundation at the October 31, 1996 year end was $58,533.
Note 7. Concentration of Credit Risk
The Foundation maintains cash balances at Bankers Trust Company located in New York. Accounts are
insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $100,000. At October 31, 1996, the Foundation's
uninsured cash balances total is $ 2,833,654.

58
Robert Sterling Clark Foundation, Inc.
Grants Paid For Year Ended October 31, 1996
Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre Foundation ..........................................
30,000
Alliance of Resident Theatres/New York ........................................ 50,000
American Civil Liberties Union Foundation - Arts Censorship Project ................. 52,500
American Composers Orchestra ...............................................
20,000
American Craft Museum ....................................................
40,000
American Symphony Orchestra ................................................
12,500
12,500
ARC Video Dance .........................................................
,00
Arts Wire .............................................................
Asian American Arts Alliance ................................................
12,500
Association of Hispanic Arts .................................................
.12,500
40,000
Brooklyn Academy of M usic .................................................
17,500
Brooklyn Botanic Garden ....................................................
Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra .............................................
15,000
Donald Byrd Dance Foundation ...............................................
25,000
25,000
Campaign for Fiscal Equity ..................................................
55,000
Catholics for a Free Choice ..................................................
Center for Reproductive Law & Policy ..........................................
100,000
Center on Social Welfare Policy & Law .........................................
22,500
Center for the Study of Social Policy ...........................................
75,000
40,000
Children's Rights, Inc .......................................................
Citizens Committee for Children ..............................................
Citizens Environmental Coalition ..............................................
20,000
15,000
Citizens Union Foundation ...................................................
50,000
City Center ..............................................................
City Limits Community Information Systems ..................................... 35,000
10,000
C ity L ore ................................................................
City of New York Department of Cultural Affairs (NY Foundation for the Arts) ........... 20,000
30,000
Classic Stage Company .....................................................
Communications Consortium .................................................
.37,500
Community Food Resources Center ............................................
50,000
15,000
Comm unity Service Society ..................................................
Donors' Education Collaborative (Community Funds, Inc.) .......................... 40,000
30,000
Early M usic Foundation .....................................................
Names in parentheses indicate payee where two organizations are listed.

59
Elders Share the Arts ....................................................... 12,500
Environmental Advocates .................................................... 20,000
Exit Art ................................................. ................ 30,000
Feminist M ajority Foundation ................................................ 30,000
Foundation Center ......................................................... 8,000
Foundry Theater . ......................................................... 10 ,000
Fund for New York City Public Education ........................................ 25,000
Grantmakers for Children, Youth and Families (Tides Center) ........................ 1,000
Greater Upstate Law Project ................................................. 17,500
The Henry H. Kessler Foundation ............................................. 100,000
Hostos Center for the Arts & Culture ............................................ 15,000
Human Services Council of New York City ....................................... 12,500
Hunger Action Network of New York State ....................................... 45,000
Inform ...................... ............................................ 60,000
Institute for First Amendment Studies .......................................... 10,000
Irish Repertory Theatre ..................................................... 15,000
Joyce Theatre ............................................................. 17,500
Lawyers Alliance for New York ............................................... 50,000
Lim on Foundation ......................................................... 17,500
Low Income Housing Fund .................................................. 20,000
Ms. Foundation for Women................................................... 65,000
Jennifer M uller/The W orks ................................................... 1 5,000
M unicipal Arts Society ...................................................... 35,000
Naral Foundation .......................................................... 90,000
N aral/N Y ..... .......................................................... 15 ,000
National Abortion Federation ................................................. 60,000
National Association of Local Art Agencies ...................................... 20,000
National Campaign for Freedom of Expression ................................... 57,500
National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy ................................. 30,000
National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Association ........................ 60,000
National Federation of Community Development Credit Unions ...................... 35,000
National Women's Law Center ................................................ 55,000
Natural Resources Defense Council ......................................... 25,000
New World Records ........................................................ 15,000
New York Chamber Symphony ............................................. 30,000
New York Civil Liberties Union Foundation ................... 75,000
New York Foundation for the Arts............................................. 25,000
New York Law School ................................... 40,000
New York Public Interest Research Group ....................................... 12,500
Names in parentheses indicate payee where two organizations are listed.

60
New York Regional Association of Grantmakers .................................. 4,300
40,000
New York Shakespeare Festival ................................................
New York University Institute for Education & Social Policy (New York University) ...... 17,500
15,000
Nonprofit Facilities Fund ....................................................
NOW Legal Defense & Education Fund .........................................
17,500
Nursing Home Community Coalition ...........................................
20,000
80,000
People for the American W ay .................................................
Perform ance Space 122 . .................................................... 15,000
12,500
Pick Up Performance Company ...............................................
Planned Parenthood of Central & Northern Arizona ................................ 25,000
Planned Parenthood of New York City ..........................................
37,500
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania .................................
26,800
17,500
Poets & W riters ...........................................................
Pro-Choice Public Education Project (Pro-Choice Resource Center) ................... 100,000
95,000
Pro-Choice Resource Center .................................................
Public Advocate of the City of New York (Accountability Project) ..................... 20,000
17,500
Public Policy & Education Fund ..............................................
12,500
Public Policy & Education Fund ..............................................
Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice Education Fund ........................ 72,000
15,000
Repertorio Espanol .........................................................
15,000
Riverside Symphony .......................................................
30,000
Second Stage Theatre .......................................................
35,000
SENSES Education Fund ....................................................
Sex Information & Education Council of the U.S ...................................
60,000
35,000
Snug Harbor Cultural Center .................................................
65,000
State Communities Aid Association ............................................
SUNY - Center for Women in Government (Research Foundation of SUNY) ............. 23,043
60,000
Statewide Youth Advocacy ...................................................
25,000
Sym phony Space ..........................................................
Voters for Choice Education Fund .............................................
40,000
5,000
Williams College...........................................................
5,000
W omen & Philanthropy . .....................................................
15,000
Women's Law Project ......................................................
40,000
W omen's Legal Defense Fund. ................................................
27,500
York Theatre .............................................................
Total $3,494,173
Names in parentheses indicate payee where two organizations are listed.