ENDLESS BLISS FASCICLE-4

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Waqf Ikhlas publications Endless Bliss Fascicle-4 http://www.hizmetbooks.org perform it. If the prayer time is over before he/she has performed it without a good excuse not to do so, he/she will have committed a grave sin. Whether he/she has had a good excuse or not, qada will be necessary. The same applies to situations such as when a child reaches puberty, when a disbeliever or a renegade becomes a Muslim, when a woman becomes canonically clean, when an insane or unconscious person recovers, and when a sleeping person wakes up. It is fard for a new Muslim to learn the principles of namaz first. After learning them, it becomes fard to perform namaz. Sleep is not a good excuse if it begins after the prayer time has begun. If a person does so, it is fard for him to make sure that he will wake up before the prayer time is over, while it would be mustahab for him to make sure to wake up before the end of the prayer time if he were to go to sleep before the beginning of the prayer time. These five daily prayers add up to forty rakats (units), out of which seventeen are fard, three are wajib (essential, almost obligatory), and twenty are sunnat, as follows: 1 - Morning prayer [Salat-ul-fajr] consists of four rakats. First, two rakats of the sunnat prayer are performed. Then two rakats of the fard prayer are performed. The sunnat (the first two rakats) is very important. Some scholars classify it as wajib. 2 - Early afternoon prayer [Salat-uz-zuhr] consists of ten rakats, the initial sunnat consisting of four rakats, the fard consisting of four rakats, and the final sunnat consisting of two rakats. The early afternoon prayer is performed in this order. 3 - Late afternoon prayer [Salat-ul-'asr] consists of eight rakats. First the sunnat, which consists of four rakats, and then the fard, which consists of four rakats, are performed. 4 - Evening prayer [Salat-ul-maghrib] contains five rakats. First the fard, which is composed of three rakats, then the sunnat, consisting of two rakats, are performed. 5 - Night prayer [Salat-ul-'isha] consists of thirteen rakats. The initial sunnat contains four rakats. The fard also contains four rakats. But the final sunnat has two rakats, while the Witr prayer has three rakats. The initial sunnats of the late afternoon prayer and night prayer are Ghayr-i muakkada. When sitting during their second rakat, after reciting the attahiyyatu.., the prayers of Allahumma salli ala... and... barikala... are recited completely. After standing up for the third rakat, the prayer Subhanaka... is recited before saying the Basmala. But the first sunnat of the early afternoon prayer is Muakkad. That is, it has been commanded emphatically. There are more thawabs (blessings) for it. During its second rakat, as in the fard prayers, only the Attahiyyatu is said and then we stand up for the third rakat. After standing up, we first recite the Basmala and then the sura (chapter) of Fatiha. It is mustahab to perform four more rakats after the fard of early afternoon and night prayers and six more rakats after the fard of early evening prayer. In other words, it is very blessed. One can perform all of them with one salam or by saying the salam after every two rakats. In either case the first two rakats are deemed to be the final sunnat. These prayers, which are mustahab, can be performed separately after the final sunnat of the two prayers of namaz as well. The first rakat commences with the beginning of the prayer and the other rakats begin right after standing up, and each rakat continues until one stands up again. The final rakat continues until the salam. No prayers can be less than two rakats. All prayers contain an even number of rakats, except the fards of the early evening prayer and the witr prayer. After the second sajda (prostration) of each second rakat we sit. Each rakat of prayer contains its fards, wajibs, sunnats, mufsids (things or acts which disrupt prayer), and makruhs (actions, words, thoughts avoided and disapproved by the Prophet). On the pages ahead, we shall explain these in accordance with the Hanafi Madhhab. Page 9 of 181
Waqf Ikhlas publications Endless Bliss Fascicle-4 http://www.hizmetbooks.org 2- THE FARDS OF SALAH (NAMAZ) (PERFORMING ABLUTION [WUDU, ABDAST]) Namaz has twelve fards, seven of which are preconditions, that is, before beginning namaz, these conditions must exist in order for the namaz to be valid. They are called conditions of namaz. They are: Taharat (purification) from hadas (state of being without abdast), taharat from najasat (substances which Islam prescribes as dirty), satr-i awrat (covering private parts), istiqbal-i qibla (facing the qibla), waqt (prescribed time), niyyat (intention), takbir of tahrima (beginning). The existence of everything is dependent upon doing some action. This dependence can be of five sorts: If the action is within the essence of the thing and is one of its particles, the action is called Rukn. If it affects the thing externally, it is called 'illat. Nikah (marriage contract prescribed by Islam.) is an 'illat of marriage. If it does not affect a particular action, but if doing a particular action requires its existence, it is called Sabab the cause (reason). Waqt (appointed time for namaz) is the sabab the cause (reason) of namaz. If it does not require the existence of a thing, but if the thing ceases to exist by the action not being done, it is called Shart (condition). However, if it does not cease to exist in this case, it is called Alamat (sign, property). Adhan (calling to prayer) is the alamat of namaz. Five of the fards of the namaz are inside the namaz. Each of these five fards is also called Rukn. [Some Islamic scholars have said that takbir of tahrima is inside the namaz. According to them both the conditions of namaz and its rukns are six in number.] In the chapters ahead, we shall explain all these in accordance with the Hanafi Madhhab. There are two kinds of taharat from hadas: 1 - Performance of an ablution by a person who does not have an ablution. 2 - Performance of a ghusl by a person who does not have a ghusl. Wudu means ablution; tawaddi means to perform an ablution; ghasl means to wash something; ightisal means to perform a ghusl ablution, and ghusl means the ablution of ghusl (in Arabic). He who does not have an ablution is called muhdis. He who does not have a ghusl ablution is called junub. It is written in the book Halabi-yi saghir: "There are fards, sunnats, adabs, and forbidden things in an abdast (ablution). If a person performs namaz without an ablution though he does not have a good excuse for doing so and though he knows that he does not have an ablution, he becomes a disbeliever. He who loses his ablution while performing namaz, performs the salam (Assalam-u alaikum wa rahmat-ullah) to one side right away and stops his namaz. Re-making an ablution before the prescribed time period is over, he begins the namaz again." There are four fards of ablution in the Hanafi Madhhab: To wash the face once; to wash the two arms together with the elbows once; to apply masah on one-fourth of the head, that is, to rub a wet hand softly on it; to wash the feet, together with the ankle-bones on both sides once. [According to the Shafi'i and Maliki madhhabs niyyat (intention) and tartib (order) are fard. In Shafi'i one should intend while washing the face. The ablution will not become sahih if one intends before the water touches the face.] It is fard to wash the beard on the face and chin. Washing the hanging part of the beard is fard in three madhhabs. The Shiites do not wash their feet, but only apply masah on them. There are eighteen sunnats in an ablution: 1 - To recite the Basmala before entering the rest-room and when beginning to make an ablution. He who cannot find a lonely place can relieve himself near others if he is taken short and provided he will cover himself. Page 10 of 181
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