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Journal : Small 10899 Dispatch : 4-4-2012 Pages : 14 Article No. : 9303 h LE h TYPESET MS Code : JOGS637 h4 CP h4 DISK J Gambl Stud Your Sibling [closest in age/2 nd closest in age/etc.] 1. Over the last year, how often does this person have a drink containing alcohol? Author Proof ___ Never ____Monthly or Less 3. Over the last year, how often does this person have six or more drinks on one occasion? ___ Never ____Monthly or Less ____2-4x/Month ____2-3x/Week ____4 or More Times/Week 4. Over the last year, how many cigarettes/day does this person typically smoke each day? _________ [If the person smokes weekly, write in the number and “per week”] 5. Over the last year, how many days/week does this person typically gamble in any form? (e.g., poker or other card games, gambling machines, lottery, bingo, etc.) [If monthly, translate into the closest number of days/week] ___ No days ___ 1 Day ___2 Day___3 Day ___4 Day___ 5 Day ___ 6 Days ___ Every Day 6. Over the last year, how much money does the person gamble with each week? $_____________ (What is the maximum possible loss each week?) 7. Is this person male or female? ___Male ___ Female 8. How many years older or younger is this sibling? ______ Years ____Older ___Younger 9. Is this your biological siblings? ___Yes ___No ____2-4x/Month ____2-3x/Week ____4 or More Times/Week 2. Over the last year, how many drinks containing alcohol does this person have on a typical day when he or she is drinking? ___1 to 2 ___3 to 4 ___5 to 6 ___7 to 9 ___10 or more 10. How confident are you that your estimates about this person are accurate? ___Not confident ___Confident ___Highly Confident 354 BASDA Administration: Participants should be given forms for their five closest 355 friends plus any living parents and siblings. The closest five friends are numbered ‘‘Per- 356 son#1’’–‘‘Person #5’’ with #1 being the closest friend, #2 being the second closest friend, 357 and so on and so forth. The forms for the siblings should be completed sequentially, 358 starting with the sibling closest in age and finishing with the sibling furthest in age. 359 Scoring: All scaled responses should be coded so that the smallest value is coded as 1 360 and the subsequent values increase by 1. Example: For question #1, never=1, Monthly or 361 Less=2, 2–49month=3, 2–39/week=4, and 4 or more times/week=5. 362 Focus scores: 363 Gambling frequency=Question 5; Gambling expenditure=Question 6 (a log trans- 364 formation may be required); alcohol use=composite of Questions 1–3; and tobacco 365 use=Question 4 366 Experimenters may wish to use a composite score for the five closest friends (as done in 367 the current study). If doing so, internal reliabilities can be calculated by treating the five 368 closest friends’ responses for each activity as ‘‘items.’’ It is recommended that data only be UNCORRECTED PROOF 123
J Gambl Stud Journal : Small 10899 Dispatch : 4-4-2012 Pages : 14 Article No. : 9303 h LE h TYPESET MS Code : JOGS637 h4 CP h4 DISK Author Proof 369 used for individuals for whom the participants feel either confident or highly confident in 370 their response accuracy. 371 372 373 References 374 Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theories. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 375 Bank, B. J., Biddle, B. J., Anderson, D. S., Hauge, R., Keats, D. M., Keats, J. A., et al. (1985). Comparative 376 research on the social determinants of adolescent drinking. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 164–177. 377 Black, D. W., Monahan, P. O., Temkit, M., & Shaw, M. (2006). A family study of pathological gambling. 378 Psychiatry Research, 141, 295–303. 379 Bush, K., Kivlahan, D. R., McDonell, M. B., Fihn, S. D., & Bradley, K. A. (1998). The AUDIT alcohol 380 consumption questions (AUDIT-C): An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Archives of 381 Internal Medicine, 158, 1789–1795. 382 Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2008). The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. The 383 New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 2249–2258. 384 Clifton, A., Turkheimer, E., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2009). Personality disorder in social networks: Network 385 position as a marker of interpersonal dysfunction. Social Networks, 31, 26–32. 386 Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H., & Borsboom, D. (2010). Comorbidity: A network 387 perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 137–193. 388 Delfabbro, P., & Thrupp, L. (2003). The social determinants of youth gambling in South Australian ado- 389 lescents. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 313–330. 390 Fagan, A. A., & Najman, J. M. (2005). The relative contributions of parental and sibling substance use to 391 adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. Drug Issues, 35, 869–883. 392 Flay, B. R., Hu, F. B., Siddiqui, O., Day, L. E., Hedeker, D., Petraitis, J., et al. (1994). Differential influence 393 of parental smoking and friends’ smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking. Journal 394 of Social Behavior, 35, 248–265. 395 Fowler, J. H., Settle, J. E., & Christakis, N. A. (2011). Correlated genotypes in friendship networks. PNAS, 396 108, 1993–1997. 397 Fried, B. G., Teichman, M., & Giora, R. (2010). Adolescent gambling: Temperament, sense of coherence 398 and exposure to advertising. Addiction Research and Theory, 18, 586–598. 399 Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. (1997). Familial and social influences on juvenile gambling behavior. Journal 400 of Gambling Studies, 13, 179–192. 401 Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K.-O. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for 402 nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Journal of Addiction, 86, 403 119–127. 404 Kinard, B. R., & Webster, C. (2010). The effects of advertising, social influences, and self-efficacy on 405 adolescent tobacco use and alcohol consumption. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 44, 24–43. 406 Lee, H., Chae, P. K., Lee, H., & Kim, Y. (2006). The five-factor gambling motivation model. Psychiatry 407 Research, 150, 21–32. 408 Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The south oaks gambling screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the 409 identification of PGs. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1184–1188. 410 Lobo, D. S. S., & Kennedy, J. L. (2009). Genetic aspects of pathological gambling: A complex disorder with 411 shared genetic vulnerabilities. Addiction, 104, 1454–1465. 412 Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P. W., Zywiak, W. H., & O’Malley, S. S. (2010). Network support as a prognostic 413 indicator of drinking outcomes: The COMBINE study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71, 414 837–846. 415 Martin, R. J., Usdan, S., Nelson, S., Umstattd, M. R., LaPlante, D., Perko, M., et al. (2010). Using the theory 416 of planned behavior to predict gambling behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 89–97. 417 McNeilly, D. P., & Burke, W. J. (2001). Gambling as a social activity for older adults. International Journal 418 of Aging and Human Development, 52, 19–28. 419 Mermelstein, R., Sheldon, C., Lichtenstein, E., Baer, J. S., & Kamarck, T. (1986). Social support and 420 smoking cessation and maintenance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 447–453. 421 Neighbors, C., Lostutter, T. W., Cronce, J. M., & Larimer, M. E. (2002). Exploring college student gambling 422 motivation. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18, 361–370. 423 Oei, T. P. S., & Raylu, N. (2004). Familial influence on offspring gambling: A cognitive mechanism for 424 transmission of gambling behavior in families. Psychological Medicine, 34, 1279–1288. UNCORRECTED PROOF 123
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