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Journal : Small 10899 Dispatch : 4-4-2012 Pages : 14
Article No. : 9303 h LE h TYPESET
MS Code : JOGS637 h4 CP h4
DISK
J Gambl Stud
Author Proof
121 individual difference variables. Individuals were excluded from participation if they: (1)
122 did not gamble at least once a week, (2) currently lived with someone who already
123 completed the study, (3) could not use a computer, (4) reported symptoms of psychosis, or
124 (5) were older than 65.
125 Procedure
126 Eligible individuals completed a single in-person session, in which they first completed a
127 demographic questionnaire on a computer in an individual lab room, next took part in a
128 one-on-one diagnostic interview with a trained masters-level interviewer to determine
129 gambling pathology, and finally completed the assessment of gambling, alcohol use, and
130 tobacco use within their social networks. All procedures were approved by the University
131 of Georgia Institutional Review Board and were consistent with the Helsinki Declaration.
132 Participants were paid $30 US for their participation in the overall study.
133 Measures
134 Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS; Winters et al. 1996)
135 This semi-structured clinical interview is based on the 10 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for
136 PG. The 20 items are paraphrased directly from the DSM-IV criteria, with 2 items for each
137 criterion, grouped into pairs to reflect the dichotomous nature of the 10 criteria. Following
138 a face-to-face interview, a trained interviewer determined whether each item was false,
139 somewhat true, orvery true, based upon the participants’ responses. Within each of the
140 item pairs, two classifications of somewhat true or at least one answer of very true resulted
141 in the participant receiving a point. The total score was assessed on a scale of 1–10, with a
142 score of 5 or higher indicating PG status. Administration of the DIGS probes specific
143 gambling modalities including playing cards, betting on sporting events, playing the lottery
144 and playing slot machines, but it does not mandate that gambling-related problems be
145 restricted to these forms of gambling. Participants reported engaging in a wide range of
146 gambling activities, including lottery play, cards, dice, sports betting and internet gaming.
147 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT; Saunders et al. 1993)
148 This 10-item assessment addresses the frequency, amount, and possible consequences of
149 alcohol consumption. Total scores can range from 0 to 40 with a score of 8 or higher
150 indicating hazardous drinking.
151 Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton et al. 1991)
UNCORRECTED PROOF
152 The FTND is used to assess nicotine dependence by assigning a nicotine rating from 1 to
153 10, as based on particular smoking behaviors that individuals endorse. The FTND has been
154 shown to have good convergent validity with various biochemical measures of smoking,
155 including cotinine and nicotine in saliva (Heatherton et al. 1991).
123