POPULATION THEORY
POPULATION THEORY
POPULATION THEORY
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<strong>POPULATION</strong> <strong>THEORY</strong><br />
Ani Mardiastuti
FRAMEWORK OF THINKING<br />
Species<br />
Information<br />
Population<br />
Population theory<br />
Literature study<br />
Why?<br />
Too small<br />
Small pop. theory<br />
Pop. management<br />
Habitat mgmt<br />
How many?<br />
Inventory<br />
Just about<br />
right<br />
Pop. monitoring<br />
Too big<br />
Pop. control<br />
Harvest mgmt<br />
Policy. Decision. Actions<br />
Conservation<br />
criteria<br />
IUCN criteria Protection criteria<br />
Trade criteria Species priority
LIST OF INDONESIAN PRIMATES<br />
1 Nycticebus javanicus Kukang jawa<br />
2 Nycticebus coucang Kukang<br />
3 Tarsius spectrum Tarsius<br />
4 Tarsius pumillus Tangkasi<br />
5 Tarsius dianae Tarsius<br />
6 Tarsius sangiriensis Tarsius<br />
7 Tarsius bancanus Mentilin<br />
8 Macaca fascicularis Monyet ekor-panjang<br />
9 Macaca nemestrina Beruk<br />
10 Macaca pagensis Beruk mentawai<br />
11 Macaca maura Monyet hitam dare<br />
12 Macaca nigra Monyet sulawesi<br />
13 Macaca nigrescens Monyet dihe<br />
14 Macaca heckii Kera ekor pendek<br />
15 Macaca tonkeana Monyet jambul<br />
16 Macaca ochreata Monyet hitam sulawesi<br />
17 Macaca brunnescens Monyet sulawesi<br />
18 Macaca togeanus Fonti
19 Presbytis comata Surili<br />
20 Presbytis fredericae Rekrekan<br />
21 Presbytis femoralis Kokah<br />
22 Presbytis frontata Lutung dahi putih<br />
23 Presbytis melalophos Simpai<br />
24 Presbytis potenziani Lutung mentawai<br />
25 Presbytis rubicunda Lutung merah<br />
26 Presbytis siamensis Surili paha putih<br />
27 Presbytis hosei Lutung banggat<br />
28 Presbytis thomasi Rungka<br />
29 Trachypithecus auratus Lutung budeng<br />
30 Trachypithecus larvatus Bekantan<br />
31 Nasalis larvatus Bekantan<br />
32 Simias concolor Monyet simakobu<br />
33 Hylobates moloch Owa jawa<br />
34 Hylobates mulleri Owa kelawat<br />
35 Hylobates agilis Ungko<br />
36 Hylobates klosii Siamang kerdil<br />
37 Hylobates lar Wau-wau<br />
38 Symphalagus syndactylus Siamang<br />
39 Pongo pygmaeus Orangutan kalimantan<br />
40 Pongo abelli Orangutan sumatera
Challenge in<br />
Taxonomy<br />
of Indonesian<br />
Primates
Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers<br />
Genus Tarsius<br />
T. syrichta group<br />
Western Tarsier Tarsius bancanus<br />
Philippine Tarsier Tarsius syrichta<br />
T. tarsier group<br />
Dian’s Tarsier Tarsius dentatus<br />
Lariang Tarsier Tarsius lariang<br />
Peleng Tarsier Tarsius pelengensis<br />
Sangihe Tarsier Tarsius sangirensis<br />
Spectral Tarsier Tarsius tarsier<br />
Siau Island Tarsier Tarsius tumpara<br />
Pygmy TarierTarsius pumilus<br />
Wallace Tarsier Tarsius wallacei<br />
T. tumpara
T. lariang<br />
T. tumpara<br />
T. dentatus
New species?
Population<br />
group of individuals belonging to the same<br />
species that inhabit a specific geographic<br />
location at a specific point in time
Population<br />
• A cluster of individuals with a high probability<br />
of mating with each other compared to their<br />
probability of mating with a member of some<br />
other population (Pianka 1983)<br />
• All organisms involved in a gene pool:<br />
Mendelian population (demes)<br />
• Mendelian population groups of organisms<br />
with a substantial amount of genetic exchange
Mendelian Population<br />
● Based on gene pool<br />
● All organism involved in a gene pool :<br />
Mendelian population (demes)<br />
● Concept of “space” in Mendelian population<br />
● Classic population vs Mendelian population<br />
● Habitat barrier in Mendelian populatian<br />
concept
Barrier and Mendelian Population
Separate population?
How do we define a population?
How do we define a population?
How do we define a population?
Population Parameters<br />
individual vs population<br />
Population parameters<br />
● birth rates<br />
● death rates<br />
● age structures<br />
● sex ratios<br />
● gene frequencies<br />
● genetic variability<br />
● growth rates<br />
● densities
Some Important Terminologies<br />
● open vs closed population<br />
● abundance<br />
● population size<br />
● dispersion<br />
● natality<br />
● mortality<br />
● migration<br />
● iteroparity vs semelparity<br />
● fecundity (potential) vs fertility (actual)<br />
● reproductive succes<br />
● fitness<br />
● density dependent vs density independent factors
Population Growth and Regulation
Population Growth and Regulation
geometric<br />
(exponential;<br />
J-shaped)<br />
logistic<br />
(sigmoid;<br />
S-shaped)
Population Overshoot
In reality … (Parus major in NL)
Discussion Points about K<br />
• How to determine or estimate K?<br />
• How do we know that we already reach K?<br />
• K: does it always constant?<br />
• If not, what factors affect K? Can we<br />
manipulate K?<br />
• How do we estimate K for a certain<br />
community (instead of individual)?
Understanding Population<br />
Populasi<br />
● species<br />
● space<br />
● time<br />
Spesies<br />
●“definition”<br />
● interbreeding<br />
Space<br />
● boundary<br />
● minimum size<br />
Time<br />
● time limit/duration
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