Sulphur lamp with static bulb

SULPHUR LAMP
WITH STATIC BULB
Plasma Lamp
G. Courret, M. Croci, L. Calame, HEIG-VD
A. Meyer, SOLARONIX, Switzerland

GOALS
o High efficient light source
o Color rendering in the best
standard for buildings
o No harmful substance
Development of the sulphur
lamp
2
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

History
o Early 90’s:
Invention (Fusion Lighting, Ury et al., USA)
o 1995: SOLAR-1000
• Wattage = 1375 W
• Bulb rotating at 2500 t/min -> reduced lifetime
o 1999:
• LG Electronics invested US $200 million
• 2 wattage (900 & 700 W), spinning bulb
o 2005:
• LG production capacity: 1000/month
• Swiss start-up : www.akhtis.com
3
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Fusion lighting
Magnetron
Cavity
resonator
Bulb &
plasma
Wave guide
Rotation
drive
4
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Spectrum
117 Lm/W at 1400 W 70 Lm/W at 600 W
5
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Spectral Comparison with
Daylighting
Visible
Continuous spectrum
=> real colors
500 1000
1500
2000 nm
6
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

First Target Market
o Illumination of large indoor spaces
o Reduced energy consumption and
maintenance cost (static bulb)
o Continuous spectrum: real colors
o Electrodeless bulb: no color fade
o Low UV and IR emission: less heating and
aging of sensitive goods
=> Shopping areas, museums, exposition
halls,…
7
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Bulb heating
with injected power with rotation
! Quartz continuous use < 1100 °C !
8
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Bulb at rest
o Stabilized curent
o Max power: 650 W
(magnetron)
o Only 40 Lm/W
9
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Simplified stream lines
Dissociation and
recombination of
sulfur (diatomic
molecules)
C 0
C 1/4
C 1/2
r
L
ϕ
C 3/4
C 1
z
10
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Thermal cycles
3
kW
T
=
T
+
∆T
⋅
Exp( jω
t)
2.5
2
1.5
τ ≅10 −5
secondes
1
0.5
But ω No shift from LTE! The efficiency
increases with rotation for other reasons:
1/ Less creation of entropy (principle of Prigogine)
2/ Cooler bulb ->
η
Carnot
=
T
H
11
−
T
H
2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000
T
L
K
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Modulation of the
magnetron
τ ≅10 −5
secondes
-> Phase opposition with the
molecules relaxation
10 kHz < mod. frequency < 1MHz
12
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Sulfur plasma
( 5.4 cm 3 Bulb )
Modulation OFF,
30 Lm/W at 400 W
13
Modulation ON,71 kHz
68 Lm/W at 490 W
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Acoustic sustentation
( 12.2 cm 3 Bulb )
Modulation 18 kHz, 600W, on the bulb :860°C
14
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Spectrum (sulfur)
-1
In red : modulation ON
Supplied power: 674 W
In blue : modulation OFF
Supplied power: 657 W
15
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Emission of light
S 2 F S + S
16
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Luminous efficiency vs
supplied power (Sulfur)
90
Lm/W
80
70
60
ON (regime I)
ON (regime II A)
ON (regime II B)
OFF
50
40
30
20
10
0
300 400 500 600 700
Supplied power (W)
17
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Luminous efficiency vs
frequency (Tellurium)
70
Lm/W
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
fréquence de modulation (kHz)
18
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Luminous efficiency vs
frequency (Selenium)
Lm/W
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Fréquence de modulation [kHz]
19
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Bests prototypes
Static bulb with modulation
Wattage [ W ] 660 500
Luminous
Efficiency
[ Lm / W ] 86 68
Color
temperature [ K ] 7’500 8’200
CRI 81 88
Color white white
20
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Comparing technologies
Life time[ h ]
IRC
Cold cat hode
magnetron
Plasma Lamp
(modulation) 5 10 3
100 75 50 25
Incandescent
(halogen)
Bulb out of
the reasoning cavity
1 10 4
1 10 3
25
10 3
10 4
5 10 4
10 1
10 2
Metal Halides (HID)
and C-MHL
Luminous
density [ Lm / cc ]
Fluorescent
50 75
21
High pressure
discharge (Na, ...)
100
Efficiency [ Lm / W ]
and the LEDs ?
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques

Thanks for your attention!
22
MNT
Institut de Micro &
Nano Techniques