PSU Campus Efforts in Energy Efficiency - Penn State Institutes of ...
PSU Campus Efforts in Energy Efficiency - Penn State Institutes of ...
PSU Campus Efforts in Energy Efficiency - Penn State Institutes of ...
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<strong>PSU</strong> <strong>Campus</strong> <strong>Efforts</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
April 28, 2008<br />
Compiled by Dr. Susan W. Stewart<br />
Research Associate, <strong>Energy</strong> Science & Power Systems<br />
Applied Research Laboratory<br />
Please send an email to sstewart@psu.edu if you have an edit or addition to this<br />
list<strong>in</strong>g, which will be <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> the PSIEE faculty expertise database.
<strong>Efficiency</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Conversion Processes<br />
Resource 1<br />
Oil 40%<br />
Gas 23%<br />
Coal 22%<br />
Nuclear 8%<br />
Renewables 7%<br />
Conversion Process<br />
(Electricity may be <strong>in</strong>termediate step)<br />
Fossil Fuel<br />
Power Plant<br />
Nuclear Fuel<br />
Power Plant<br />
Auto Eng<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Diesel Eng<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Gas Furnace<br />
Air Condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
System<br />
Light Bulb<br />
Pump<br />
Refrigerator<br />
Consumer Use<br />
Heat<br />
Space Heat<br />
Industrial Cook<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Hot Water<br />
Work<br />
Transportation<br />
Pumps<br />
Appliances<br />
Chemical<br />
Agriculture<br />
Petro-Chemical<br />
Industrial<br />
Cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Air condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Refrigeration<br />
Light<br />
1<br />
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_8.pdf<br />
Techniques<br />
• Thermodynamic<br />
analysis<br />
– Design<br />
Optimization<br />
– Reduce<br />
losses <strong>of</strong><br />
available<br />
energy<br />
• Economics<br />
• <strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
standards<br />
• Basic science
<strong>PSU</strong> <strong>Efforts</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Conversion<br />
<strong>Efficiency</strong><br />
• Combustion<br />
– ME: Bob Santoro, Domenic Santavicca, Kenneth Kuo, Stephen Turns, Vigor<br />
Yang, Richard Yetter, Anil Kulkarni<br />
– Fuel Science: Andre Boehman<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> Storage<br />
– EE: Heath H<strong>of</strong>fman<br />
– ARL: Tom Hughes<br />
• Fuel Cells & Advanced Batteries<br />
– ME: Chao-Yang Wang, Matthew Mench, Stefan Thynell, Kendra Sharp<br />
– EME: Sergei Lvov<br />
– PTI: Joel Anstrom<br />
• Gas Turb<strong>in</strong>es<br />
– ME: Karen Thole, Anil Kulkarni, Savash Yavuzkurt<br />
• Nuclear <strong>Energy</strong><br />
– NucE: Jack Brenizer, Robert Edwards (Power plant simulation/control)…<br />
– ARL: Tom L<strong>in</strong>, Joe Fredley<br />
• Refrigeration cycles<br />
– Horacio Perez-Blanco
Modified Use <strong>of</strong> <strong>Energy</strong><br />
(Demand Response)<br />
Need to identify<br />
human response<br />
triggers<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> Provider<br />
Utility, Distributed<br />
Generation Source,<br />
or Natural Resource<br />
Provider<br />
Need to address<br />
human impacts<br />
Behavior Modification<br />
Response<br />
Techniques: Education, Market<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
Smart Meter<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>Energy</strong> Efficient Appliances,<br />
Policies to drive these<br />
-Knowledge about current energy use<br />
-Cost <strong>in</strong>centives to reduce demand<br />
Automated Modification<br />
Response<br />
Techniques: Sensor & Control Implementation,<br />
Time-<strong>of</strong>-Day Pric<strong>in</strong>g from Utility and/or Pric<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Structure that Pays for Reduction <strong>in</strong> Peak<br />
Demand as Capacity, Policies to drive these<br />
Consumer Use<br />
Heat<br />
Work<br />
Space Heat<br />
Industrial<br />
Cook<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Hot Water<br />
Transportation<br />
Pumps<br />
Appliances<br />
Chemical<br />
Agriculture<br />
Petro-Chemical<br />
Industrial<br />
Cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Air condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Refrigeration<br />
Light
<strong>PSU</strong> <strong>Efforts</strong> <strong>in</strong> Demand Response<br />
• OPP<br />
– <strong>Energy</strong> Enterprise System<br />
– Take Charge: http://www.takecharge.psu.edu/<br />
• My20: http://www.takecharge.psu.edu/my20<br />
• Policy<br />
– Geography: Amy Glasmeier<br />
– Rural Sociology: Leland Glenna, Clare H<strong>in</strong>richs<br />
• Economics<br />
– EME: Seth Blumsack, Tim Consid<strong>in</strong>e<br />
• Intelligent Control<br />
– ARL: Jim Kisenwether, Mark Rothgeb, Mike Roeckel
Efficient Systems<br />
Techniques:<br />
• Collocation<br />
– Resource, Conversion,<br />
and/or Consumer use<br />
• Renewable energy<br />
• Distributed Generation<br />
– Reduce transportation and<br />
transmission <strong>in</strong>efficiencies<br />
and costs<br />
– <strong>Energy</strong> storage, enabler<br />
• Integration<br />
– Processes<br />
• Multiple functions, i.e.<br />
cogeneration<br />
• Multiple <strong>in</strong>termittent<br />
generation sources used<br />
<strong>in</strong> conjunction to meet<br />
demands most effectively<br />
Resource 1<br />
– Build<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
• Architectural design can reduce heat<strong>in</strong>g, cool<strong>in</strong>g and light<strong>in</strong>g needs<br />
• Use build<strong>in</strong>g surfaces for collect<strong>in</strong>g energy, i.e. PV<br />
• Distributed generation can provide direct DC current to many appliances,<br />
elim<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>efficiencies <strong>of</strong> AC/DC conversion<br />
Oil<br />
40%<br />
Gas<br />
23%<br />
Coal<br />
22%<br />
Nuclear<br />
8%<br />
Renewables<br />
7%<br />
Conversion Process<br />
(Electricity may be <strong>in</strong>termediate step)<br />
Consumer Use<br />
Fossil Fuel Power<br />
Plant<br />
Nuclear Fuel Power<br />
Plant<br />
Auto Eng<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Diesel Eng<strong>in</strong>e<br />
Gas Furnace<br />
Air Condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
System<br />
Light Bulb<br />
Pump<br />
Refrigerator<br />
Heat<br />
Space Heat<br />
Industrial<br />
Cook<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Hot Water<br />
Work<br />
Transportation<br />
Pumps<br />
Appliances<br />
Chemical<br />
Agriculture<br />
Petro-Chemical<br />
Industrial<br />
Cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Air condition<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Refrigeration<br />
Light
<strong>PSU</strong> <strong>Efforts</strong> <strong>in</strong> Efficient Systems<br />
• Build<strong>in</strong>g Systems and Green Build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
– Arch: Lisa Iulo<br />
– ArchE: William Bahnfleth, Jim Freihaut, Moses L<strong>in</strong>g, Stan Mumma, David Riley, Jelena Srebric<br />
– Horticulture: David Beattie<br />
• Cogeneration<br />
– ME: Horacio Perez-Blanco<br />
• <strong>Energy</strong> System Model<strong>in</strong>g & Simulation<br />
– ARL: Susan Stewart, Tom L<strong>in</strong>, Tom Hughes, Tim Miller, John Picker<strong>in</strong>g, Jon Peters, Eric White…<br />
– ME: Tim Simpson, Horacio Perez-Blanco<br />
• Renewable/Alternative Fuels<br />
– ABE: Tom Richard<br />
– CEE: Bruce Logan, Jay Regan (Microbial Fuel Cell)<br />
– Fuel Science: André Boehman<br />
– ME: Domenic Santavicca<br />
• Solar <strong>Energy</strong><br />
– ArchE: David Riley<br />
– ARL: Tom Hughes (Stirl<strong>in</strong>g Eng<strong>in</strong>es)<br />
– EE: Craig Grimes<br />
– EME: Jeffrey Brownson<br />
– Eng: Andy Lau<br />
– Chem: Tom Mallouk<br />
• W<strong>in</strong>d energy<br />
– ARL: John Merenich, Joel Peltier, Suren Rao, Susan Stewart<br />
– Aerospace Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g: George Lesieutre, Ken Brentner, Mark Maughmer…<br />
– ME: James Brasseur
<strong>PSU</strong> Cross Cutt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Efforts</strong><br />
• DOE Proposal, 15% <strong>Campus</strong> Reduction <strong>in</strong> Peak Demand<br />
• Solar Decathlon<br />
– ArchE: David Riley<br />
– EME: Jeffrey Brownson<br />
• West <strong>Penn</strong> Power Susta<strong>in</strong>able <strong>Energy</strong> Fund<br />
– <strong>Energy</strong> Institute: Joel Morrison<br />
• Education<br />
– EME: Semih Eser, Sarma Pisupati, Jonathon Matthews…<br />
• Outreach<br />
– AgE: Dennis Buff<strong>in</strong>gton<br />
– CFS: Laura Pira<strong>in</strong>o<br />
– OPP: <strong>Energy</strong> Program – Take Charge<br />
– Outreach: Nancy Frankl<strong>in</strong><br />
• REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE
Other University Examples <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Campus</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong> <strong>Efforts</strong>
Perfect Power –<br />
Ill<strong>in</strong>ois Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology<br />
• IIT received one <strong>of</strong> the DOE proposals <strong>PSU</strong> had<br />
applied for… their system <strong>in</strong>cludes:<br />
– Redundant transmission and distribution supply<br />
– Self-susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />
– Intelligent distribution system and system controllers<br />
– Demand response capability<br />
• Temperature setbacks<br />
• Light<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Major loads<br />
– Susta<strong>in</strong>able energy systems and green<br />
build<strong>in</strong>gs/complexes<br />
– Technology-Ready Infrastructure<br />
http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/forum_papers/137_paper_f<strong>in</strong>al.pdf
Build<strong>in</strong>g Automation Control<br />
Network (BacNet)<br />
• University <strong>of</strong> Arizona<br />
– <strong>Energy</strong> sav<strong>in</strong>gs by manag<strong>in</strong>g the campus as a<br />
virtual s<strong>in</strong>gle system<br />
• http://f<strong>in</strong>darticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BPR/is_5_2<br />
2/ai_n13773480/pr<strong>in</strong>t<br />
• Georgia Tech<br />
– Automated load shedd<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a campus<br />
build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/BACnet-Today-<br />
07/Holmberg_2007.pdf
Comb<strong>in</strong>ed Heat and Power (CHP)<br />
(Cogeneration)<br />
• Cornell<br />
– http://www.utilities.cornell.edu/utl_ldcchp.html<br />
• University <strong>of</strong> Wiscons<strong>in</strong><br />
– http://www.stormcon.com/de_0607_campus.h<br />
tml<br />
• University <strong>of</strong> Montana- Missoula<br />
– http://www.chpcentermw.org/rac_pr<strong>of</strong>iles/nort<br />
hwest/UniversityOfMontanaMissoulaCaseStu<br />
dy.pdf
Alliance to Save <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Green <strong>Campus</strong> Program<br />
• Design and implement student-led campaigns that result<br />
<strong>in</strong> measurable energy sav<strong>in</strong>gs;<br />
• Create effective and last<strong>in</strong>g student-staff partnerships<br />
that lead to systemic and susta<strong>in</strong>able energy efficiency;<br />
• Foster environmental stewardship by rais<strong>in</strong>g campus<br />
awareness about the relationship between energy and<br />
the environment;<br />
• Develop replicable energy education curriculum and<br />
<strong>in</strong>tegrate it <strong>in</strong>to academic <strong>of</strong>fer<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />
http://www.ase.org/files/4073_file_Philadelphia_Green_<strong>Campus</strong>.pdf<br />
http://www.humboldt.edu/~serc/hsu_energy_project.html
MIT <strong>Energy</strong> Initiative (MITei)<br />
• Database <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation on energy<br />
–Research<br />
– Education<br />
– <strong>Campus</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Activities<br />
• Institute fund<strong>in</strong>g for each <strong>of</strong> these areas<br />
http://mit.edu/mitei/campus/projects.html<br />
• Looks impressive, but most importantly it is a well<br />
coord<strong>in</strong>ated database <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation!<br />
– Please submit your <strong>in</strong>formation to the PSIEE faculty<br />
expertise database, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g research area keywords.
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