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Chapter 1: Identification of the Property ...........................................3 

1.A Country 

1.B. Province and Location of the Site.......................................................3 

1.C. Name of the Site 

1.D. Geographical Characteristics of the Site 

1.E. Map and Plan, Showing the Boundaries of the Nominated 

Property and Buffer Zone 

1.F. Area of Nominated Property (ha.) and Proposed Buffer 

Zone(ha.) 

Chapter 2: Description ..............................................................................3 

2. A: The Description of the work 

Foreword 

The nature of cultural landscape of Maymand 

Geology and the condition of the soil 

Water resources 

Climate and altitude 

Flora and fauna 

Maymand Earth Embrace 

Index 

i

Animals 

Natural characteristics 

Natural attractions 

Man in interaction with nature 

Social structure and lifestyle 

Architecture 

o Sar-e-āghol 

Climate 

Lifestyle 

Structures and spaces 

Domestic animals’ spaces 

• Break folds (Sūl) 

• Wooden folds 

• Kūz and darkūz 

• Korom 

• Talgard 

• Jīrehdān 

• Sheep Prison (zendān-e-Gūsfand) 

Human spaces 

• Kapar 

• Markhāneh 

• Mashkdān 

• Water pool 

o Sar-e-baagh 

Climate 

Lifestyle 

Structures and spaces 

ii 

Index 

Maymand Earth Embrace

Human spaces 

• Kapar 

• Gombeh 

• Mashkdān 

• Chahārpāyeh 

• Kel-e-dūshāb 

• Mill 

• Kharman- kamarī 

Domestic animals’ spaces 

• Keleh 

• Parvārband 

• Talgard 

Beekeeping 

Eshām 

• Pelās 

o Troglodyte Maymand 

Climate 

Lifestyle 

Introducing Troglodyte Maymand 

Access routes to village fabric 

• Tarmac routes 

• Dust routes 

• Dry river (masīl) in the middle of the village 

• Kāshkor 

• Rekhneh 

• Stone steps 

Quarter’s Centre 

Living Units 


Index 

iii

Chapter 1: Identification of the Property 

1.A Country 

Iran 

1.B. Province and Location of the Site 

Kerman Province, Shahr-e Babak Township 

1.C. Name of the Site 

Cultural Landscape of Maymand 

1.D. Geographical Characteristics of the Site 

The cultural landscape of Maymand covers an extended area with the following 

geographical coordinates: 

Chapter One Page 

2 


Fig. 1E.4 Sar-e-āghol 

Fig. 1E.3 Eshām 

Map. 1E.1Cultural landscape of Maymand 

Fig. 1E.2 Troglodyte 

Maymand Fig. 1E.1 Sar-e-Bāgh 



5

Buffer and Core Zones: 

Buffer and core zones of the Maymand cultural landscape is defined based on its particular conditions. This cultural landscape 

consists of troglodyte village of Maymand, Sar-e-Bāghs and Sar-e-Āghols, natural sites such as a cave as well as miscellaneous 

sites like mills, castle, Pre-Islamic Graves, qanat and so on. Life in Maymand involves all these elements and therefore all of 

them are introduced as the core zone of the site, while a larger area including other related features that in some cases have 

similarities with elements of Maymand cultural landscape forms its buffer zone. Specific set of regulation and policies are set 

for each of these zones in order to preserve and protect the life based on the stable development plans. Below is a description 

of defined regulation and policies. 

Core zone Regulations and Policies: 

Limit of the site’s core zone is drawn on the natural features around the village and is shown by a thick line on the map. 

1- Any activity that caused any damage or destruction in this zone is prohibited. 

2- Any construction, building and rod making activity in the core zone of the site is prohibited. Any repairmen, extension 

or revitalization of old passage ways and routes is only permitted after submission of a proper proposal to the Cultural 

Heritage Organization and after its final approval. 

3- Any research, developmental and organizing activity in order to protect and preserve the historical and cultural values of 

the village including any restoration, revitalization, extension, repairmen, alteration or functional change in all or parts of 

the core zone is permitted after submission of a proper proposal to the Cultural Heritage Organization and after its final 

approval; and by considering and careful following of the approved proposal details. 

4- Utilizing springs and rivers and irrigation of agricultural lands and gardens is permitted as long as they don’t affect and 


6 


damage the natural landscape of the site. 

5- Extraction of stone and sand mines, cutting mountains and leveling of or excavation in the lands is prohibited in this zone. 

6- Fundamental development plans such as establishment of electricity and telephone lines, gas, water and sewage pipes 

and so on is only permitted and performable after submission of a specific project proposal and its final approval by the 

Cultural Heritage Organization. 

7- No public and heavy vehicle can enter the village. 

8- Cultural Heritage Organization has unrestricted right for all the scientific and archaeological projects and supervising all 

projects after their final approval. 

9- Historical towers located in the mountains and historical cemeteries located in the core zone of the site are considered 

valuable element and should be protected and restored. 

10- It is mandatory to protect and conserve all the agricultural lands and gardens located in the core zone of the site; the 

involved activities are, however, allowed. 

11- The newly built buildings of education ministry camp, the telephone and communication office, health center and school 

that are located in the core zone must be demolished as they damage the sites’ visual perspective. 

Buffer Zone Regulation and Policies: 

The Buffer zone of the site includes the natural context and the important, valuable and affecting element located within it. 

Buffer zone limits will be shown on the map and its related regulations and policies will be announced and supervised by 

the Cultural Heritage Organization. 



7

1.F. Area of Nominated 

Property (ha.) and 

Proposed Buffer Zone(ha.) 

Map. 1F.1 Core zone and buffer zone of cultral landscape of Maymand 

Core zone of the cultural landscape 

of Maymand covers an area of 

22500 hectares and buffer zone of 

Maymand covers an area of 44900 

hectares. 

Core and buffer zones of the site 

included the village itself plus all the 

natural and man-made features in 

its vicinity; these are located in an 

area measuring about 28000 meters 

from north to south and about 

24000 meters from west to east. 


8 


Water Resources: 

Maymand’s water resources can be divided into a number of sections: 

Fig.2.1 Ney- rizoo spring: the upper kel- e- ow is 

covered to be used by people while the lower one is allocated 

to farm animals. 

1- Subterranean water resources including water springs and Qanats 

(subterranean): 

In total, there are 26 water springs, 

21 of which belong to Maymand. The 

closest one to the village is Ney-rīzū 

which supplies water throughout the 

whole year. As for subterranean water 

canals or Qanats (), 51 are known 

whose water is used for irrigation of 

farms and orchards as well as for the 

use of villagers and their farm animals. 

23 of these Qanats () are situated within 

the bigger Maymand area while two are 

inside the village itself, the closets one 

to the village being Had-Konūīyeh5. 

(Fig.2.1-2.2) 

In the mouths of the water springs or Qanats (), little basins are made, called 

5 . Ebrahimi Maymand, H, 1381, The report of Research in the geographical situation of Maymand 

Fig.2.2 The Qanat’s (subterranean’s) origin 

Fig.2.3 Kelū- Maymand 

Chapter Two Page 

6 


Kel-e- ow or Kelū, such as Kelū- 

Maymand and Kelū-Moradi. (Fig. 2.3- 

2.4) 

Usually, any bowl-like cavity in the 

ground which is carved into the stone 

to the main water network of the 

village. In drier seasons when water is 

scarce, some extra water is pumped 

into the container. 

In the past, the villagers used to carry 

water in Dalv (bucket) from Kelū- 

Maymand to Kel-e-sang for the use of 

farm animals. For their own use, they 

also used to carry water in Mashk6 from 

Kelū- Maymand. 

(Fig.2.5) 

Sometimes, barriers are made over the 

rivers so that the water can be sent to 

the pools through narrow brooks. 

Two seasonal rivers that fill up the pool 

are Maymand and Korom. Maymand 

and holds water is called Kelū. 

Kelū- Maymand’s water is pumped into 

a water container and then transferred 

Fig.2.4 Kelū- Moradi 

To irrigate the fruit orchards, the water 

of springs and Qanats () is gathered in 

pools. Recently, these water pools are 

made with strong cement walls, while 

an increasing number of gardeners and 

farmers utilize trickle irrigation methods 

to water their crop. 

2- Surface water resources including 

rivers, rain water and transported 

water: 

Important rivers of the region include 

Dar-e-bid, Lākhīs and Bon-e-lā. 

6 .Māsk: leather water containers made of cow’s 

skin 

River fills up seh-tāyī (Pond trilogy- 

Triple pond) Pool and Ĥāj-Ĥabīb Pool 

while Krorom River fills Bandī, Kenārī 

and Režā Pool. (Fig.2.6) 

Rain waters are gathered in pools and 

Kel-e-Sang. In the mountains and at 

the foot of mountains surrounding the 

Fig.2.5 Seasonal Rivers 

Maymand Earth Embrace Chapter Two Page 7

village there are found naturally made 

bowl-like rocks which hold water in 

Fig.2.7 Kel-e-Sang 

them. Shepherds lay pebbles around 

them (Chīl) to mark them so that they 

can use the water for making tea when 

there is not a near spring in sight. The 

water in Kel-e-Sang goes stale and 

smelly after a while, though, and not 

good to use anymore. (Fig.2.7) 

The largest sample of Kel-e-Sang exists 

on top of the Qal‘h- Marj Mountain 

which is in the shape of a pair of 

rectangular pools, roughly sized 

2x3x1/5 meter inside which the water 

trickling down from the grooves is 

Fig.2.8 Natural grooves leading trickles of water to be gathered 

gathered. (Fig.2.8-2.9) 

There used to be a water container near 

the poll which has been replaced by a 

water tanker nowadays.7 (Fig.2.10) 

In the past, due to the remoteness and 

the long distance between Pataagh8 

7 . For more details look at section on ‘Sar-eāghol, 

water resources and pool’ page 

8 . Pātāq: the highest level of the mountain foot 

inside which houses are carved 

Fig.2.9 Kel-e-Sang Qal‘h-Marj Mountain 

Chapter Two Page 

8 


Fig.2.10 The hollow space in the water container in Sar-eāghol 

Tāq9 , there exists a natural recessed hollow in which rain water is gathered and 

used by locals. (Fig.2.11) 

Transported water: A water tank has been built on the ground with construction 

materials and metal in the fields; this water can be bought or received on an 

‘allowance’ basis. In a project which has been completed recently, a water-well was 

carved in the fields; its water is pumped into a huge water tank which is mounted 

overlooking Maymand. 

houses and the water spring, they used 

to collect the gradually thawed snow on 

top of the rocks in containers and call it 

Barf-āb. 

Natural water reservoirs: (Ali-Esmāīl 

and Hossein Qeshm Water reservoirs) 

In troglodyte Maymand, between 

Kalāghūn and Gedā quarters and under 

9 . Tāq: Ledges at the 

highest row of houses 

surround Maymand 

Fig.2.11 Natural water reservoir under Tāq 

Maymand Earth Embrace Chapter Two Page 9

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