Earth Layers Powerpoint
Earth Layers Powerpoint
Earth Layers Powerpoint
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<strong>Layers</strong> of the <strong>Earth</strong>
• Seismic Waves<br />
Exploring the <strong>Layers</strong><br />
– When waves change we<br />
know the layers are<br />
different
Exploring the <strong>Layers</strong> Continued<br />
• Drilling & Mining<br />
– Furthest Drill = 15 km<br />
– Furthest Mine = 3.8 km<br />
• Future Goals<br />
– 2020 – Drill to Mantle
• Composition<br />
<strong>Earth</strong><br />
– Different mixtures of elements<br />
make up the layers<br />
– Broken into 3 <strong>Layers</strong><br />
• Physical Properties<br />
– Characteristics of the <strong>Layers</strong><br />
– Includes: Temperature, Density<br />
& Ability to Flow<br />
– Broken into 5 <strong>Layers</strong>
Composition & Physical Properties<br />
• Composition<br />
– Broken into 3 <strong>Layers</strong><br />
• Crust<br />
• Mantle<br />
• Core<br />
• Physical Properties<br />
– Broken into 5 <strong>Layers</strong><br />
• Lithosphere<br />
• Asthenosphere<br />
• Mesosphere<br />
• Inner Core<br />
• Outer Core
• Thin, Outer Layer<br />
– Layer we live on<br />
Composition - Crust<br />
• Made of Light Elements<br />
– Less than 1% of <strong>Earth</strong>’s Mass<br />
• Generally 30-100 km thick<br />
• Broken into 2 different types<br />
– Oceanic<br />
– Continental
Composition - Crust<br />
• Oceanic<br />
– Under Oceans<br />
– Thinner<br />
– Denser<br />
• Continental<br />
– Under Continents<br />
– Thicker<br />
– Less Dense
Composition - Mantle<br />
• Layer beneath the crust<br />
• Thickest layer<br />
– 64% of mass<br />
– 2,900 km thick<br />
• Made of Iron and<br />
Magnesium
Physical Properties - Lithosphere<br />
• “Rock Sphere”<br />
• Part of Crust and Mantle<br />
• Outer Layer<br />
• Cool, Rigid, Solid<br />
• 15 – 300 km thick<br />
• Divided into Tectonic Plates
Physical Properties - Asthenosphere<br />
• “Middle Mantle”<br />
• Soft, Plastic Layer<br />
made of rock<br />
• 250 km thick<br />
• Flows slowly<br />
– Allows tectonic plates<br />
to move<br />
– Compresses and<br />
Stretches
Physical Properties - Mesosphere<br />
• Solid Rock<br />
• Lowest portion of Mantle<br />
• 2,250 km thick<br />
• Convection Occurs Here
• Allows the mantle to move<br />
• Hot material rises<br />
• As it rises it gets cooler and<br />
sinks<br />
Convection Currents
Convection Currents<br />
• When you take a pot, and boil<br />
some water into it, what do you<br />
notice?<br />
• Hopefully you will notice<br />
movement of the liquid. That is<br />
the convection currents moving<br />
it around.<br />
• When the convection currents<br />
flow in the asthenosphere layer,<br />
they also move the crust. The<br />
crust gets a free ride with these<br />
currents<br />
• The cork in the picture is the<br />
crust
Composition - Core<br />
• Hot & Dense<br />
– 4,000-5,000°C<br />
• Made of Nickel and Iron<br />
• 3,480 km thick<br />
• 1/3 of the <strong>Earth</strong>’s Mass<br />
• Broken into 2 sections<br />
– Due to Physical Properties<br />
• Inner Core<br />
• Outer Core
Physical Properties – Outer Core<br />
• Liquid Layer<br />
• 2,300 km Thick<br />
• Made of Iron & Nickel<br />
• Creates <strong>Earth</strong>’s<br />
Magnetic Field<br />
• Cooler than inner<br />
core
Physical Properties – Inner Core<br />
• Solid Metal Layer<br />
• 1,200 km Thick<br />
• Iron and Nickel<br />
• Extreme Pressure
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