Winston Churchill

NO. 59 • SPRING 1988 • ISSN 0882-3715 

Published quarterly by The International Churchill Society and The Rt. Hon. Sir Winston Spencer Churchill Society of B.C. 

ARTICLES 

What Did Churchill Think of Australia? 7 

Great Destiny, Sacred Memories 

by Winston S. Churchill 

What Does Australia Think of Churchill? 9 

Fair Dinkum Hero or Pommie Pollie? 

by George Richard \ 

Churchill and Menzies: Partners or Rivals? 10 

A Review of "Menzies and Churchill At War" 

by H. Ashley Redburn, OBE 

Video: "The Last Bastion" 13 

Australia, Churchill and the War 

by John G. Plumpton 

Churchill Collector's Handbook 

insert 

Section 3 (Revised): ICS Membership 1988 

AnzacPhilatley 16 

Aussies, Kiwis, Newfoundlanders Remembered 

by Dalton Newfield 

Paintings: Banff's Bunkers 18 

An Amusing Catalogue Correction 

by Derek Lukin Johnston 

Alistair Cooke, Gov. Sununu to Address ICS Convention ... 19 

Bretton Woods, NH, August 27-28th 

Churchill in Stamps, Part 16 22 

Ireland, Defeat and Chartwell 

Francis Neilson: The First Revisionist 24 

The Case Against W.S.C. and "The Hinge of Fate" 

by Stanley E. Smith 

Wartime Postcards 25 

by Lloyd L. Thomas 

DEPARTMENTS 

Thoughts and Adventures/3 International Datelines/4 Churchilliana/12 

Inside the Journals/15 About Books/20 Churchill 

Trivia/21 Action This Day/26 Letters/28 Ads/30 Q&A/30 

COVERS 

Front cover design from the Australian flag by the editor. Back cover 

reprinted from National Geographic, February 1988 page 188, by kind permission 

of National Geographic, copyright 1988. 

FINEST HOUR 

Editor. Richard M. Langworth (tel. 603-746-4433 days) 

Post Office Box 385, Contoocook, New Hampshire 03229 USA 

Senior Editors: John G. Plumpton (tel. 416-497-5349 eves) 

130 Collingsbrook Blvd, Agincourt, Ontario, Canada M1W 1M7 

H. Ashley Redburn, OBE (tel. 0705) 479575 

7 Auriol Dr., Bedhampton, Hampshire PO9 3LR, England 

Cuttings Editor: John Frost (tel. 01-440-3159) 

8 Monks Ave, New Barnet, Herts., EN5 1D8, England 

Contributors: 

George Richard, 7 Channel Hwy, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia 7006 

Stanley E. Smith, 155 Monument St., Concord, Mass. 01742 USA 

Derek L. Johnston, Box 33859 Stn D, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6J 4L6 

Produced by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc. 

THE INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIETY 

A non-profit association of scholars, historians, philatelists, collectors 

and bibliophiles, the Society was founded in 1968 to promote interest in 

and knowledge of the life and thought of Sir Winston Churchill, and to 

preserve his memory. ICS is a certified charitable organisation under the 

laws of Canada and the United States, is Affiliate #49 of the American 

Philatelic Society, and is a study unit of the American Topical Association. 

Finest Hour subscriptions are included in a membership fee, which 

offer several levels of support in four different currencies. Membership applications 

and changes of address welcomed at the business office listed on 

page 3. Editorial correspondence: PO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 

USA. Permission to mail at non-profit rates granted by the United States 

Postal Service. Produced by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc. Copyright © 

1988. All rights reserved. 

SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL SOCIETY 

Founded in 1979, the Society works to ensure that Sir Winston's ideals 

and achievements are never forgotten by succeeding generations. All 

members of the B.C. Branch are automatic ICS members, while ICS 

membership is optional to members of the Edmonton and Calgary 

Branches. Activities include banquets for outstanding people connected 

with aspects of Sir Winston's career; public speaking and debating competitions 

for High School students, scholarships in Honours History, and 

other activities. 

PATRON 

The Lady Soames, DBE 

ICS HONORARY MEMBERS 

The Marquess of Bath 

YousufKarsh, OC 

Winston S. Churchill, MP 

The Duke of Marlborough, DL, JP 

Martin Gilbert, MA 

Sir John Martin, KCMG, CB, CVO 

Grace Hamblin, OBE Anthony Montague Browne, CBE, DrC 

Robert Hardy, CBE 


James Calhoun Humes 

Hon. Caspar W. Weinberger, KBE 

Mary Coyne Jackman, BA, D.Litt.S. 

In Memoriam: 

The Baroness Clementine Spencer-Churchill of Chartwell, 1977 

Randolph S. Churchill, 1968 Harold Macmillan, Lord Stockton, 1986 

The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 1979 W. Averell Harriman, 1986 

Dalton Newfield, 1982 The Lord Soames, 1987 

Oscar Nemon, 1985 Sir John Colville, 1987 

ICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

~ ^ 

^Z 

= ex-officio 

Australia: William R. Galvin, Peter M. Jenkins* 

Canada: George E. Temple, Ronald W. Downey, Celwyn P. Ball, 

Murray W. Milne, Mark R. Steven*, John G. Plumpton* 

New Zealand: Barry Collins United Kingdom: Colin Spencer, 

Geoffrey J. Wheeler, Richard G. G. Haslam-Hopwood* 

United States: Derek Brownleader, Wm. C. Ives, Wallace H. Johnson, 

George A. Lewis, Donald S. Carmichael, Sue Hefner*, David Sampson 

CHURCHILL LITERARY FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

Winston S. Churchill, MP 

Wallace H. Johnson 

Richard M. Langworth 

The Duke of Marlborough, DL, JP 

Anthony Montague Brown, CBE, DFC 

Hon. Bob Packwood, USS 

Wendy Russell Reves 


Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr. 

William R. Schulz

D I R E C T O R Y 

ICS BUSINESS OFFICES 

Australia: Peter M. Jenkins, (03) 700.1277 

8 Regnans Av., Endeavour Hills, Vic. 3802 

Canada: Celwyn P. Ball, (506) 386-8722 

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, NB E1C 8J6 

New Zealand: R. Barry Collins 

3/1445 Great North Rd., Waterview, Auckland 7 

United Kingdom: Geoffrey J. Wheeler, (07356) 3485 

88A Franklin Av, Tadley, Hants RG26 6EU 

United States; Derek Brownleader, (504) 292-3313 

1847 Stonewood Dr., Baton Rouge, La. 70816 

Chairman of the Board: Wallace H. Johnson 

1650 Farnam St., Omaha, Neb. 68102 USA 

Telephone (402) 346-6000 

Vice Chairman: Geoffrey J. Wheeler 

88A Franklin Av, Tadley, Hants RG26 6EU 

Vice Chairman /Canadian Afrs: George Temple 

20 Burbank Dr, Willowdale, Ont. M2K 1M8 

Executive Director: Richard M. Langworth 

Putney House, Hopkinton, N.H. 03229 USA 

Telephone (603) 746-4433 

CHURCHILL SOCIETY OF B.C. 

Mark R. Steven, President 

1900-1055 W. Georgia Street 

Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 4J2 

ICS CHAPTERS 

Canada/New Brunswick: Celwyn P. Ball 

1079 Coverdale Rd., RR2, Moncton NB E1C 8J6 

UK/London; Richard Haslam-Hopwood 

Flat 1, 20 Pembridge Cres. London Wll 3DS 

Telephone (01) 229-4918 

Canada/Other Club of Toronto: 

Murray Milne 

30 Dunvegan Dr, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 6K1 

USA/Chicago: Amb. Paul H. Robinson Jr. 

135 S. LaSalle St, Chicago, IL 60603 

William C. Ives 

8300 Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 60606 

USA/Connecticut: Harvey William Greisman 

93 Richard PI, Fairfield, CT 06430 

USA/Nashville: Richard H. Knight, Jr. 

H.C.A., 1 Park Plaza, Nashville, TN 37203 

USA/New England: Jon Richardson 

47 Old Farm Road, Bedford, NH 03102 

USA/Northern Ohio: William Truax 

25 Easton La, Chagrin Falls, OH 44022 

USA/North Texas: David A. Sampson 

5603 Honey Locust Tr, Arlington, TX 76017 

USA/San Francisco: Edwin Donaldson-Clarke 

PO Box 639, Menlo Park, CA 94026 

SPECIAL OFFICERS 

Commemorative Covers: David Marcus 

221 Pewter La, Silver Spring, MD 20904 

General Treasurer: George A. Lewis 

268 Canterbury Rd, Westfield, NJ 07790 USA 

ICS Stores: Sue Ellen Truax 

25 Easton La, Chagrin Falls, OH 44022 

ADVANCE AUSTRALIA 

FIFTEEN issues ago we produced a "Canada Number," and we are 

pleased now to salute our Australian members in their Bicentennial 

Year with an Aussie counterpart. (NZ, UK and USA are not forgotten, 

but still to come.) Like FH 44, this special issue is built around 

Churchill's relations with and remarks about one of the great 

branches of the English-Speaking community. We trust you will find 

the result to be a "fair dinkum" edition of Finest Hour. 

For quite some time we have had Ashley Redburn's compelling 

review of Churchill and Menzies At War, but we have been saving it for 

this issue for obvious reasons. We don't believe that Sir Robert 

Menzies would be entirely pleased with this book's rendering of his 

wartime role, especially from an Australian 

Usher — but we shall leave 

our readers. We have 

ton Newfield's excelview" 

of the Anzacs 

published in Finest 

well worth recordately 

too, John 

tracts, "From the 

Han material; John also revideo 

on the subject of 

Sir Winston's opinions 

his writings and speeches. 

author and pubthat 

decision to 

had the late Dallent 

"philatelic resince 

it was first 

Hour 21/22; it is 

ing here. Appropri- 

Plumpton's column of ex- 

Journals," covers Austraviews 

a new Australian 

WSC. We have culled 

about Australia out of 

while from Tasmania, 

contributing editor George Richard offers us some Australian opinions 

about the Great Man. 

Churchill's warm regard for Australia took two forms: the bravery 

and sacrifice of Australians in the two great wars, and the unlimited 

potential of the island continent. He would certainly remind us of 

both today. In the Eighties, the world is perhaps more aware then ever 

of Aussie accomplishment — be it the winning (temporarily!) of the 

America's Cup, the powerful impact of the Australian film industry, 

or the worldwide journalistic enterprise of Rupert Murdock. A 

dynamic and optimistic society has sprung up down under. Its advances, 

even since his death, would undoubtedly impress him. Among 

the great English-speaking democracies, Australia is one of the most 

diverse — only half her present population is of British stock — and 

yet she possesses a sense of community and purpose that is the envy of 

many. Problems? Of course there have been problems, as there are for 

us all. But Australia demonstrates profoundly that her common shareholding 

in the English language, law and literature is a matchless advantage 

in difficult and baffling times. 

Churchill would also remind us of the role played by Australia in 

the two great cataclysms of this century, and impress upon us her 

strategic importance, particularly now, among the prosperous nations 

of the Pacific rim. How he might phrase it we are not sure, but 

probably it would go something like this: should her kith and kin 

ever stand in need, they may count, as twice before in his lifetime, 

on that great and beneficent nation under the Southern Cross. 

-RML

ERRATA 

Issue 58, page 9, first footnote: 

GCMG means Grand Cross of the 

Order St. Michael (not "St. Mary") 

and St. George; our apologies. See also 

Lady Soames' letter, page 29. 

VICTORY BELL 

CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA, FEB. 10TH - One of 

the ubiquitous "Victory Bells" has 

turned up down under, where a 

member writes to ask about its 

2«l|k 

Churchills at Blenheim: Karin Churchill, Mrs. 

Winston G. Churchill, Cdr. Winston G. Churchill 

(US Coast Guard London office) & Peter Churchill, 

1CS Blenheim meeting, Sept. '87. BILL BEATTY 

INJURED SIMON WARD 

IS STILL "YOUNG WINSTON" 

LONDON, OCT. 14 - Actor Simon Ward, 

45, emerged from hospital after a 

delicate head operation to remove a 

blood clot from his brain, following a 

mysterious injury October 3rd while 

returning to his home in Hampstead. 

Ward, who shot to fame with the title 

role in "Young Winston" 15 years ago, 

had been appearing in the play "Portraits" 

at the Savoy Theatre — where 

he promptly returned for the last three 

performances. Ward's memory of what 

happened is completely blank, but he 

appears to have been injured by an 

assailant. 

Two points of special interest to us: 

every news item on the incident led by 

identifying Ward as "the former Young 

Winston" — proof positive that playing 

Churchill guarantees permanent fame. 

Secondly, the 15-year-older Mr. Ward 

retains an uncanny resemblance to 

WSC. At 45 he now looks like Churchill 

during the Great War. A photo of 

Ward in hospital, where his hair was 

partly shaved for the operation, could 

be the First Lord of the Admiralty of 

1914 brought back to life. 

All of which renews our hope that 

some enterprising producer will 

dramatize the memorable Churchill of 

World War I on film or television — 

starring Mr. Ward, of course. 

significance. Designed by Conrad A. 

Parlanti, who also did the large bronze 

eagle crowning the Royal Air Force 

Memorial on the Victoria Embankment 

in London, the bell portrays relief 

busts of Churchill, Roosevelt and 

Stalin, with a "V" cast into the handle. 

Perhaps most interesting, the first bells 

were cast from metal recovered from 

Luftwaffe aircraft shot down over Britain. 

More recently, Victory Bells in finer 

metal have been produced to aid the 

RAF Benevolent Fund, at whose early 

dinners as much as £1200 was paid for 

them in auctions. Bells may still be 

available. Write the Secretary, RAF 

Benevolent Fund, 67 Portland Place, 

London WIN 4AR, a registered British 

charity. 

PROFUMO RISES AGAIN 

LONDON, SEPTEMBER - Caroline Kennedy, 

daughter of the late President, 

has co-authored "An Affair of State" 

(Cape, £12.95), about the 1963 Profumo 

scandal which almost brought 

down the Macmillan Government. As 

reported in FH 55, Profumo was "seeing" 

a society call-girl, Christine Keeler, 

who was also "seeing" the Soviet naval 

attache. (Contrary to our article, Macmillan 

did not resign over this, but quit 

later because of ill health.) 

What all this has to do with Churchill 

is precisely nothing, except that 

Kennedy et al allege that the highsociety 

osteopath and bon vivant 

Stephen Ward — who also "saw" Miss 

Keeler, introduced her to Profumo and 

committed suicide later, when (per 

Kennedy) the Government "went 

after" Ward as a scapegoat — was 

Churchill's osteopath. Some desultory 

doctor-patient conversation has come 

out of this, all rather droll — and 

typically Churchillian. 

When Ward was first called to treat 

Sir Winston, Lady C warned him not 

to be bullied. He found WSC in bed, 

smoking a huge cigar. Churchill's first 

remark: "I suppose you'll tell me to give 

up these." (Ward didn't.) 

Trying to make small talk, Ward said 

he had treated Gandhi. "Ah," said 

Churchill, "and did you twist his neck 

too?" Ward said he had. "Evidently a 

case of too little too late," WSC replied. 

Then he asked Ward, "When you twist 

my head like that, what would you do 

if it came off in your hands?" Ready for 

him, Ward said, "I'd go and practise in 

Moscow — after such a thing, I'd be 

very welcome!" "Don't be too sure," 

said Sir Winston, "Mr. Stalin was quite 

a friend of mine." 

Ward said his 12 Churchill treatments 

were "a battle of wills." As with 

Moran, WSC wanted to know what 

was being done and why, in Lindemanese, 

layman's language. But Lady 

C's advice stood Ward in good stead 

and they got on well. WSC even tried 

to get Ward, an excellent portrait 

sketch artist, to take up oil painting. "It 

lasts forever," Sir Winston said. 

Evidently Ward's neck-twisting didn't. 

- THANKS FOR NEWS CUTTINGS TO JOHN FROST 

ANOTHER C-R PLAY 

NEW YORK, DEC. 18TH - With "Winnie" 

opening to packed houses in Manchester 

and London, Hugh Whitemore's 

"Breaking the Code" is a dim 

reflection on Broadway, starring British

actor Derek Jacobi ("I Claudius") as 

Alan Turing, the mathematical genius 

who did the job at Bletchley. Turing, a 

discreet but unapologetic homosexual, 

had been honored by the King and proclaimed 

a hero by Sir Winston Churchill 

— but after being convicted of 

what the British penal code then called 

"gross indecency," and given probation 

provided he take estrogen injections to 

"alter his nature," he took his own life. 

As you might gather from all this, 

and from what we've been able to glean 

from the reviews, this play is more 

about the tribulations of '50s gays than 

it is about WW2 and the unsung heroes 

at Bletchley. Go to London and take in 

"Winnie." 

BUT SPEAKING OF "WINNIE" 

... we wish people would stop using it. 

None of his friends called him that, and 

though it was a popular honorific 

among the men on the street, we suspect 

he secretly abhored it. On the 

other hand, friend and foe alike called 

him "Winston." ICS caught a packet 

from THE NEW REPUBLIC for "overfamiliarity" 

in the use of that name (see 

last issue). What was good enough for 

friends, enemies and the press is good 

enough for us. 

elected to Parliament in 1946 and remained 

a member of the N.Z. House 

of Representatives until his retirement 

in 1975. From 1960 onward, Sir John 

served in the highest positions of state, 

as deputy prime minister, attorney 

general, leader of the opposition and, 

in 1972, as prime minister. He was 

made a Privy Councillor in 1966, a 

Companion of Honour in 1973, and 

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of 

the British Empire in 1974. 

Sir John is one of the gentlemen of 

New Zealand politics, always maintaining 

the highest political standards, the 

soul of fairness and courtesy, well liked 

on both sides of the aisle. I will always 

remember his comment in Parliament, 

or just outside it, when the news of his 

knighthood came through: "I am very 

glad my wife is now officially a 'Lady.' 

She always was, as far as I am concerned." 

- R. BARRY COLLINS, WARKWORTH, N.Z. 

MILITARY DIPLOMACY 

LONDON, SEPT. 15TH - As Queen Victoria 

used to lean on the old Duke of Wellington, 

the present Queen relied a lot 

on WSC. There was, for example, the 

time an American admiral nicked a 

gold teaspoon at Buckingham Palace. 

He was seen, but no-one wanted to 

tackle the VIP. According to a new 

book, WSC decided on direct action. 

Tucking a similar gold spoon into his 

top pocket so that it showed, Sir 

Winston sauntered up to the thief. 

"We've been spotted," he whispered. 

"We'll have to put them back." 

ICS COVER #30 

25th Anniversary of Sir 

Winston's Hon. US Citizenship 

Our 30th commemorative cover was 

postmarked in Washington on 9 April 

and sent to members on the automatic 

covers list. If you wish to be placed on 

our list for future covers, send me your 

name and address. There is no charge 

to ICS members. 

Recipients will notice a double 

postmark, which occurred when the 

Washington philatelic counter 

mistakenly routed our specially cancelled 

covers through the regular mail. 

If you wish your cover replaced by an 

unaddressed copy with a single postmark, 

send it to me together with one 

dollar (Can/Aus/USA) or 50p in 

British stamps. This offer is strictly 

limited because only 50 unaddressed 

covers remain — the smallest quantity 

of a properly cancelled ICS cover in 

many years. 

Kay Murphy Halle, the prime mover 

in Churchill's honorary citizenship, 

graciously signed 25 (single-cancel) 

covers for the Society. These are 

available in exchange for a minimum 

donation of $5 (Aus/Can/USA) or 

£ 2 Vi (UK), one per member please. 

All cover orders, exchanges and correspondence 

should be sent to me at 

221 Pewter Lane, Silver Spring MD 

20904 USA. — Dave Marcus 

GREAT CONTEMPORARIES: 

SIR JOHN MARSHALL, 

GBE, CH, PC 

WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - The Society 

is honoured to count former New 

Zealand Prime Minister Sir John Marshall 

among its members. Following his 

graduation with a Master of Laws in 

1935, Sir John became a barrister. 

When the war broke out he enlisted as 

a private, gained a commission and 

rose to the rank of major, serving in the 

Solomon Islands and in Italy. He was 

MORE PRICEY 

CHURCHILLIANA 

LONDON, JAN. IOTH - Last year a sheet of 

paper culled from a typist's wastebasket 

(Churchill dictation describing his 

family's eye-witness view of the flying 

bomb that demolished Wellington Barracks 

in 1944) sold at Sotheby's for 

more than £1000. We can see some 

point in collecting autograph letters. A 

continued overleaf 

Kay Murphy Halle

INTERNATIONAL DATELINES, continued 

sheet of typescript with a few red squiggles 

on it baffles us — as, we think, it 

would WSC. 

The latest objet d 'art in these rarified 

climes is a Royal Doulton limited edition 

Churchill toby mug — a fair 

likeness, admittedly, so rare that even 

R.D. do not have a copy, said to be going 

for about £7,500. 

PRINCE CHARLES ON WSC 

DALLAS, 1986 - Better late than never, we 

publish a Churchillism quoted two 

years ago by the Prince of Wales, at the 

Churchill Prize dinner for Ross Perot. 

This originated with HRH's uncle, the 

late Earl Mountbatten, former Patron 

of the Churchill Society. 

Inspecting a Home Guard unit, 

Churchill asked a relatively youthful 

member if he would rather be in the 

thick of the action instead of stuck at 

home. "No sir," replied the man, "I like 

being at home and I love my wife." The 

PM snapped back, "I like cigars, but I 

do take them out of my mouth from 

time to time." 

FEATHER IN HIS CAP 

LONDON, FEB. 26 - ICS Honorary 

Member, former US Secretary of 

Defense Caspar Weinberger, received 

an honorary knighthood from the 

Queen — Knight Grand Cross of the 

Order of the British Empire — in 

recognition of his outstanding support 

of Great Britain in the 1982 Falklands 

battle. It is one of only threescore 

knighthoods bestowed over the years 

on American citizens. Asked by the (asusual-well 

briefed) press if he was now 

to be called "Sir Cap," the Secretary 

responded, "Good Lord no," explaining 

that the "Sir" is not part of the 

honor when given to foreigners (and 

that the US Constitution "has some 

strong things to say" about titles). 

Our hon. member therefore adds 

KBE to his name. No one is more deserving, 

and the Society adds its heartfelt 

congratulations to the many 

Mr. Weinberger has already received. 

—RML 

24 JAN 1988: WE REMEMBER 

"We remember Sir Winston Churchill 

with gratitude, admiration and affection 

... for his writings, which have 

taken their place among the great 

works of our language, and which will 

be read so long as history is read; for his 

command of the spoken word; for his 

hatred of hypocrisy and humbug; for 

his direction of the war and his implacable 

will to overcome all difficulties 

and dangers; for his inspiration and 

leadership; for being the right man in 

the right place at the right time." 

ABOVE: THe Churchill Society's traditional Bladon wreathlaying. L-to-R: The Hon. Nicholas 

Soames, MP; Richard Haslam-Hopwood; John Smith; Geoffrey J. Wheeler; Peter Mclver; 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough; Keith Hatch; Christine Wheeler, Lady Onslow, 

Mrs. Lainchbury, Lord Charles Sf>encer-Churchill; M.J. Lainchbury. 

Jane and Caspar Weinberger 

URGENT MESSAGE FOR 

USA MEMBERS: 

WRITE YOUR CONGRESSMAN 

House Joint Resolution 526 (right), 

introduced by Rep. Judd Gregg (R-NH), 

designates 27 November to 3 December 

as "National Sir Winston Churchill 

Recognition Week" — a bill Mr. Gregg 

has kindly sponsored on our behalf. 

Senator Bob Packwood (R-Ore.) has 

also promised to introduce a Senate 

counterpart. 

The Congress traditionally acts on 

such bills only if sufficient grassroots 

support is demonstrated. That can only 

come from you: please write your congressman 

today (address: House of 

Representatives, Washington DC 

20515), urging him or her to support 

HJ526, using all the arguments at your 

command. (See "We Remember," 

above.) 

Our next issue will provide sample 

letters and more information on the 

Senate bill — but please don't wait: 

This needs your help to succeed. 

Dill CONllllHRN 

an Sum.iin 

II. J. RES. 526 

JOINT RESOLUTION 

raiKIMlitli: Nm-.'iiilii'r 21 llnmi Kli IVrnuInT 3, I'.IRR, „ 

"Nnlinnnl Sir Wiwtlini Cliuirliill l!rr..miili...i Work" 

Wlirrrm April '.I, I'.IHR, murks Iliit 251I1 ninnvvrsiiry til tin 

grimliug |>[ Im -nry nliznisliin In Kir Wiiislnn ('Inn. lull I.) 

lint Unilnl Klnli-s; 

Wlii-rms Sir Winslnn (Hinri'liill ni Inn 

I Nnvnnlinr HO, 

Wlu'rrns Kir Wiiwliin i:liiiirliiH's IIIOIIIIT, Jrnnir .Prrnmi, 

(iliurrliill, ni nil Aiiii'rirnii, Ilini'liy iiiiikiiij! Kir Wirattiin 

Clilirrliill n sun ( AniiTirn Munich n sulijirl i>( (Irral 

Itrilnii.; 

Wlinriu Kir Wiimlnli Olmrrliill iiupirnl Ilin wnrlil with liis ciiintiiilmriit 

In Hi'' itlrnls '•[ liri'iliin >l only iriri K I 1 ""' 1 

limn lull ilnring Ihr ilmli-st 

mils "I Wiirlil Wnr II; 

Wlirrrns Kir Winslmi Cluirrliill rorciRlliu'il lilt iinporfnnrit el 

utiiliTMnmliiii; history nml Hut rrli'vniirn ni liislnrv to Iliiprrscnl 

ilny; null 

Wlil'ri'n! Kir WinCim Cliillrliill Ilimli' *i|>iiilirniil nnitiiliiihoii? to 

lint iiiinlrrn wurlil: Ni.lv, lliiTclurr, Ixt it 

I 

Hraoh'nl hy lltr Sriwlr mill llmtsr tr( llrinwilitlilv.' 

•2 «/ Ihr llnilnl Ulnlra ,,/ Amnirii in r'mrjirM mvinWnf, 

:i Tlml Niivniilutr 21 Ilirinipli DIT lirr :i, lilSK. is ilrnignntril 

•I us "Nntioiiiil Sir WiiWmi Clmrrliill l(m.(;iiiliini Wi-ck", mill 

H lint I'rrsiilnil is nutlinriznl nml rc'|nrslnl lo is.fint n iiritrln- 

C, inniu.ii rnllini; iipmi Ihr pniplit ..I lliit llnili'il Klnlrs In nil. 

7 Krrvo Riit-li wi-rk willi nlil'ni|irinli! cnn'innniitB nml ni-livilirfi. 

O

What Did Churchill Think 

of Australia? 

Great Destiny, Sacred Memories 

ENGLISH convicts had long been transported to 

America, but since the War of Independence the 

Government had nowhere to send them . . . Why not send 

them to the new continent? The younger Pitt's administration 

shrank from colonial ventures after the disasters in 

North America, but delay was deemed impossible, and in 

January 1788 717 convicts were anchored in Botany Bay. 

The full migratory wave of free settlers did not reach 

Australia till the 1820s. Even the future Commonwealth's 

name was not yet determined. "New Holland" and other 

titles were bestowed upon it. Attracted by the discovery of 

rich pasture in the hinterland of New South Wales, Englishspeaking 

emigrants began to trickle into the empty subcontinent 

and rapidly transformed the character and life of 

the early communities. The population changed from about 

15,000 convicts and 21,000 free settlers in 1828 to 27,000 

convicts and over 100,000 free settlers in 1841. 

The increase of population, trade and revenue made it imperative 

to reform the makeshift constitutions of 1850. Between 

1855 and 1859 two-chamber Parliaments, elected by 

popular vote and with Ministers responsible to the Lower 

House, were introduced in all the antipodean states except 

Western Australia, where self-government came later. 

Great changes were still to unroll, and Australia as we 

now know it was born in 1901 by the association of the colonies 

in a Commonwealth, with a new capital at Canberra. 

Federation came late and slowly to the southern continent, 

for the lively, various, widely separated settlements cherished 

their own self-rule. No threat or pressure had yet arisen 

from Asia to the north which would generate an overriding 

sense of unity. This was to come. Even today most of the 

Australian population dwells in settlements founded in the 

19th century. The heart of the country, over a million 

square miles in extent, has attracted delvers after metals and 

ranchers of cattle, but it remains largely uninhabited. The 

silence of the bush and the loneliness of the desert are only 

disturbed by the passing of some transcontinental express, 

the whirr of a boomerang, or the drone of a pilotless missile. 

- HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PEOPLES, VOLUME IV 

& & & 

We regard the effort which the Australian Commonwealth 

is making as heroic, and we will leave nothing 

undone to make it a complete success. 

- NAVAL ESTIMATES SPEECH, HOUSE OF COMMONS, 17 MARCH 1914 

& & & 

The [Gallipoli] armies are like men fighting on a high and 

BY WINSTON S. CHURCHILL 

narrow scaffold above the surface of the earth. To step back 

means not merely defeat, but destruction. That is why I 

have always, in speaking of this, dwelt upon the immense 

importance of every yard of ground, or every furlong that is 

gained by the heroic courage of our soliders and of our 

superb Australian fellow citizens. (Cheers.) 

- SPEECH, ENF1ELD LOCK, 17 SEPTEMBER 1915 

While we sit here the fighting line of the British Army, 

with the Australian and Canadian Armies included in it, is 

holding nearly 40 of the finest divisions of the German Army 

on its front, and every moment a stream of killed and 

wounded is passing from the fighting line to the rear. The 

Australians are in contact with the enemy. What we have 

above all things is the feeling that behind the fighting line 

there is a resolute, intense, sagacious, driving power, which 

by every means, social, political, military, naval, will be carrying 

our cause forward to victory. (Cheers.) It is because we 

have seen in the guest of this evening [Australian Prime 

Minister W.M. Hughes] a man who has a seeing eye, a 

dauntless heart, and a daring hand. 

- DINNER FOR MR. HUGHES, RITZ HOTEL, LONDON, 23 JUNE 1916 

Mr. McPherson is the Chancellor of the Exchequer of 

Victoria, Australia, and is much more fortunate than a succession 

of British Chancellors of the Exchequer: he has not 

had to impose any additional taxation! 

- LUNCHEON FOR MR. MC PHERSON, LONDON, 10 MAY 1921 

The great naval fortress at Singapore is rapidly nearing 

completion. We have no wish to menace any country in the 

world. Singapore is as far from Japan as Southampton from 

New York, but Singapore's base is a stepping-stone that 

Great Britain can use in any great crisis to go to the aid of 

Australia and New Zealand. And she will go to their aid so 

long as breath is in her body. 

Prime Minister Lyons was called to the summit of 

Australian affairs at the worst possible moment. People here 

underrated the rigour of the depression upon Australia, but 

Mr. Lyons for six years has presided over the destinies of a 

vast continent. After difficult and intricate political operations, 

he has secured a steady Government and has 

transformed Australia into a state of dignity and security. 

- AUSTRALIA CLUB DINNER, LONDON, 10 JUNE 1937

BICENTENNIAL PHILATELY: LEFT: 

Australia's 26 January se-tenant strip designed 

by Sue Passmore of Australia Post 

marks arrival of the First Fleet in Botany 

Bay. BELOW LEFT: Britain's version of the 

21 June Australia-UK joint issue, designed 

by Garry Emery and portraying early 

settler, Parliament buildings, cricketer W.G. 

Grace, Shakespeare/John Lennon/Sydney 

opera house/harbour bridge, BELOW: The 

26 January Australia/USA joint issue, the 

whimsical dancing koala and eagle designed 

by Keryn Christos of Australia Post. 

Austiahan Bicentenary 1788-1988 

Joint issue with the USA 

BiCENTrNNML 

AUSTRALIA 1 

FIRST DAY OF ISSUE 

Churchill on Australia 

Australian troops are bearing with great distinction much 

of the brunt of the fighting in the Middle East, and it must 

be very painful to Australians to be told that we are only 

making a three-quarter effort here at home to put proper 

weapons in their hands. 

- HOUSE OF COMMONS, 29 JULY 1941 

£

What Does Australia Think 

of Churchill? 

Fair Dinkum Hero Or Pommie Pollie? 

BY GEORGE RICHARD 

PERHAPS the best way to start this article is to translate 

the title. "Fair dinkum" is a popular expression around 

Australia,meaning"genuine;honest-to-goodness;thoroughly 

reliable." A "Pommie" is anyone from England (the origin 

of the word is uncertain, but one theory is that it goes back 

to the days of "Transportation," when the prisoners being 

sent to Australian penal colonies were referred to as 

"Prisoners of Old Mother England"). "Pollies" are simply 

politicians. 

To ascertain how Churchill is viewed by Australians today 

is not all that easy, principally because it is not easy to 

find many people with more than an extremely sketchy idea 

of Sir Winston's life and works. Afficionados excepted, 

those with some familiarity with Churchill fall into two 

categories: those old enough to have memories of the Second 

World War (or earlier); and those of the younger 

brigade whose studies have included history, or at least 20th 

century history. 

Australian-born Sydney Low's New Statesman cartoon of 

1 May 1926 captures a WSC.not often portrayed in Low's leftwing 

parodies. (Republished in Low's Lions and Lambs, 1928). 

Among the former, some will refer critically to his Dardanelles 

involvement. But if asked the reason for their attitude, 

they will be hard put to rationalize their feelings. In 

most cases it could almost be classified as unquestioning acceptance 

of handed-down prejudice, Churchill being easy to 

slot into the necessary role of scapegoat. 

Rightly or wrongly — and of course I believe wrongly — 

there exists in Australia a belief that the terrible slaughter of 

the Anzacs could have been reduced or avoided had Churchill 

not been directly involved. Such believers, if questioned 

as to their opinion of WSC as prime minister in the Second 

World War, are likely to praise his oratory but allege 

that his treatment of Anzac troops in North Africa left 

something to be desired. 

In this instance also, the scapegoat brigade would appear 

to have something to answer for. Yet to many Australians — 

particularly those who spent the war years at home — it was 

the United States rather than Britain that saved them from 

Japanese invasion. And indeed that is largely the case. At 

the risk of oversimplification, we could say that to many 

Australians there were two wars: Britain against Germany 

and the United States against Japan. Because of that view, a 

much greater interest in and knowledge of U.S. than British 

politicians was evinced by many here. 

The youth of Australia, especially if they have attended 

University, generally adopt a more objective view of the two 

World Wars than their more senior countrymen. Having 

had access to more recent books and essays than most, they 

are less censorious of the Dardanelles and North Africa. 

Yet, I fear, they are also less laudatory of Churchill's wartime 

speech-making, considering it more or less rhetoric, its 

full effect on listeners not being appreciated. Perhaps that is 

inevitable, since the full impact could only be appreciated at 

the time. As with the older group, the feeling too is that the 

U.S.A. and Roosevelt were more significant to Australia 

than Great Britain and Churchill. 

To the Australian, then, was Churchfll a fair dinkum 

hero or indeed simply another Pommie pollie? 

The majority of Australians would, alas, answer, "don't 

know"! The thinking minority (again excluding "buffs") 

would, I feel, come down in favour of the fair dinkum hero, 

a bloke who did a grand job — for the Pommies. 

The dinky di (native born) Australian is by nature broadminded 

and tolerant. To him or her, I believe Churchill is 

thought of as an historical figure, one who never visited Australia 

but who nevertheless made a very considerable contribution 

to the folklore of the nation. He is admired as one 

who "gave it a go," something guaranteed to generate 

warmth among locals. There is still lingering suspicion that 

WSC may not always have done the right thing by Australia 

(q.v. David Day's Menzies and Churchill at War, reviewed 

herein). But in general Sir Winston is certainly not looked 

upon as just another Pommie pollie. Which, considering the 

Aussie opinion of homo politicus, is altogether just as well. •

BY H. ASHLEY REDBURN, OBE 

A 

" most recently illustrated by David Irving's muck-raker 

Churchill's War (FH #57, page 5), the subject of 

Winston Churchill is of unending fascination to those with 

a stomach for hypocrisy and an ignorance of the politician 

— Adam Smith's "insidious or crafty animal whose counsels 

are directed by the momentary fluctuation of affairs." For 

those beset with such prejudices, the Churchill Saga is one 

of Devious Devils, Diaries and Daggers. With the greatest 

respect to our colleagues down under, and in somewhat apposite 

mood for this Australian Number, we must observe 

that a lot of this sort of material has lately emanated from 

Australia. Irving's book is the latest such. David Day's 

272-page Menzies and Churchill At War is the previous example. 

Still, Australians may take heart. As Sir Winston is 

alleged to have told Ribbentrop, when the German Ambassador 

reminded him that this time Germany had Italy 

on her side — perhaps it's just your turn. 

As I read Menzies and Churchill at War, I mused that some 

day Shakespeare's mantle may drape an English dramatist 

who will write Winston Churchill after the fashion of Julius 

Caesar. As in the latter, Act II Scene III will open: "Enter 

Brendan Bracken, reading a paper: Churchill, beware of 

Menzies; take heed of Cecil King; come not near Beaverbrook; 

trust not 'Chips' Channon; mark well Cadogan; 

Lloyd George loves thee not; thou hast wronged Hankey; 

thy spirit hath offended Cripps; thy long tenure puts Eden 

out of joint; yon Attlee has a lean and hungry look. There is 

but one mind in all these men, and it is bent against thee. If 

thou be'st not immortal, look about you: security gives way 

to conspiracy." 

It is an intriguing story Mr. Day puts before us, but I am 

not sure if he expects us to believe it, or that he has overmuch 

credence in it himself. It is in essence that Robert 

Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia, was fearful that Churchill 

was prepared to sacrifice the British Empire, in which 

Menzies believed passionately (but which to him meant the 

white self-governing Dominions), to secure American help 

— to sell out the Empire to America. 

*Menzies and Churchill At War, by David Day, Angus & Robertson, 

Publishers, N.S.W., Australia and London, 5Vi x 8 3 /4, 272 

pages, illustrated, list price $20. Available to 1CS members postpaid 

for $17, C/A$23 or £10 from Churchillbooks, Burrage Road, Contoocook, 

New Hampshire 03229 USA. 

Churchill and Menzies: 

Partners or Rivals? 

'Churchill, beware of Menzies; take heed of Cecil King; 

come not near Beaverbrook; trust not Chips Channon; 

mark well Cadogan; Lloyd George loves thee not; 

yon Attlee has a lean and hungry look ..." 

10 

- "WINSTON CHURCHILL," ACT II SC 3 

Second, Churchill's strategy in support of total victory 

was wrong. Instead, Menzies believed it would be necessary 

to negotiate peace with Germany, and this could best be 

done through the replacement of Churchill as Prime 

Minister by ... Menzies himself! 

When Russia and Japan entered the war, appeasement 

became impossible, but the prospect of replacing Churchill 

did not recede. How could a man of Menzies' intelligence 

believe one could do a deal with Hitler which would endure 

— after the experience of Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland, 

Holland and Belgium? Or that the British people likewise 

would now sup with the Nazi Devil? That they would 

discard Churchill the indomitable, the inspirer, for an Antipodean 

politician who did not command united support 

even in his own country? 

Of course the handsome, commanding figure of Menzies 

was cheered and welcomed in Britain. So were Smuts, the 

ex-enemy, and Wendell Willkie, the unknown Yank. 

Naturally Mr. Day is writing about a Dominion politician in 

the early, uncertain stages of a career which showed promise, 

but was as yet immature. The naivete and vacillation 

of Menzies show through these pages; our author is not talking 

of the international statesman of prestige and authority 

which Menzies eventually — and deservedly — became. 

"What irresponsible rubbish these Antipodeans talk," confided 

Cadogan to his Diary, after a meeting between "Rab" 

Butler, Menzies, Shedden and Bruce to discuss the Far East. 

Mr. Day writes at times as if his revelations of anti- 

Churchill moves are novel. They are not: for many years 

diaries, papers, histories and memoirs have revealed dissentient 

voices throughout the war, and dark discussions — 

one cannot call them plots — took place in clubs, in Commons, 

and wherever two or three were gathered together to 

fight the war with talk. 

What is new is the name of Menzies as a serious contender 

for the post of Premier. The book names names — the 

regicides, the king-makers, the princes-in-waiting, the 

talkers and gossips, the malcontents. What in the end does 

this furor amount to? Which mouse had the courage to bell 

the cat? Who had the ability to take Churchill's place as an 

equal, let alone a superior? Who was capable of waging war 

outrance, as Churchill was doing, with the simplicity of 

Clemenceau's "Je fais la guerre"?

"1 CT1T^T^TI7

Menzies and Churchill. . . 

I do not find Mr. Day's reasons for Churchill and Menzies 

"concealing their conflict" very convincing, nor do I share 

his view that the threat of Menzies to seize the Premiership 

was a very serious one, and I cannot believe Churchill 

regarded it as such. Mr. Day gives no weight to the constitutional 

issues involved, to the attitudes of both the Conservative 

and Labour Parties, nor to the reactions of people like 

Eden and other legitimate contenders for the succession. He 

has made much of the PreSs and of the observations of 

politicians. But why is it that, apart from the alleged silence 

of the two principals, one finds no hint of this matter in the 

writings or diaries of Eden, Macmillan, Nicolson, Cadogan, 

Hankey, Beaverbrook, and James Stuart (Conservative 

chief whip from January 1940 through the Coalition government) 

— or in Martin Gilbert's official biography of Churchill? 

No doubt writers like Mr. Day, and Mr. Irving, would 

answer this by claiming a "conspiracy of silence." 

I am not certain that the portrait of Menzies and the account 

of his aspirations would have the approbation and 

approval of Menzies, were he alive today. It is significant 

that Menzies' Afternoon Light, published after Churchill's 

death, deals specifically with the events of 1939-41 yet makes 

no mention of this bid to oust Churchill. Nor is there 

reference to an inadequate P.M. in the long and moving 

tribute to Churchill in that book. 

It cannot all be because "old men forget" discreetly. 

Menzies was always too candid and outspoken for concealment 

of such an important matter. It would be monstrous 

to suggest that Menzies would be so devious and 

hypocritical. 

Some years ago, while in the Scottish Highlands, I sought 

in a craft shop a wooden mould for decorating pats of 

butter, and requested one with a rose motif. Fiercely the 

bearded owner demanded, "Whit fer ye want a rose? Whit's 

wrang wi' a thustlel" If this book is to be believed, Robert 

Menzies sought vainly the thorny rose of the British 

Premiership in World War II. George VI never summoned 

him to the Palace to commission him to head the Government, 

but Elizabeth II did make him a Knight of the Thistle. 

The rose was illusory; the thistle at least was real. One goes 

to Downing Street, not Fleet Street, for Prime Ministers. D 

"A great voice rolling around the world; a great spirit informing 

the voice; a great courage warming the listeners' ears and 

causing their hearts to throb; a wonderful feeling that we were all 

at the gates of destiny. For my generation, these need no 

memorial. But for my grandchildren, they need to be recorded. 

For if, as 1 hope and believe, they live and work in a free country, 

they will owe their freedom and their enjoyable industry to one 

man above all; the great man who expressed the genius of his 

mind and the indomitable courage of his heart through the power 

of speech unrivalled for a hundred years. Let the clever critics 

come on; let them explain Winston's 'errors' and, by implication, 

show how much wiser the;y would have been." 

- SIR ROBERT MENZIES IN AFTERNOON LIGHT, CASSELL, 1967 

Churchilliana: 

Lapel Badges 

BY L.L. THOMAS 

I am not entirely satisfied with the 

photography here, but there were problems 

in doing it at all, and I hope that these interesting 

items will reproduce reasonably 

well. All six badges have fasteners for use on 

lapels. The Chartwell badge is still available. 

"SEND FOR CHURCHILL" was made for the 1951 

General Election. The round badge at right 

shows army and navy -flags and the RAF 

roundel; this and the centre example with 

WSC in the "V" were wartime productions. 

The locomotive on left shows the "Winston 

Churchill" steamer in Southern Railway 

colour and number prior to the change to 

British Railway, whilst the righthand is of 

the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch 

Railway. (We welcome more photos of such 

artifacts. — Ed.) 

12

Video: "The Last Bastion" 

Australia, Churchill and the War 

BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON 

THE LAST BASTION, A Network 10 

Australia Production, 160 MINUTES 

(DISTRIBUTED BY ACADEMY 

HOME ENTERTAINMENT) 

For those who like their history with 

a little more drama than the usual 

histories and biographies, there is a 

wealth of video available to enjoy in 

their own homes. One of the better 

productions is The Last Bastion, a 

rather long but thoroughly engrossing 

account of Australia and her wars. 

Note the use of the plural because 

this is really the account of several major 

battles that took place from 1939 

to 1945: the Allies vs. the Axis; 

Australia vs. Britain; Menzies vs. Churchill; 

Menzies vs. Curtin; Curtin vs. 

Churchill; Australia vs. America; and 

MacArthur vs. Blarney. 

The story opens with an effective juxtaposition 

of dramatic episodes with 

real war footage. Prime Minister Robert 

Menzies announces that because Britain 

is at war, so is Australia. The 

domestic split is early apparent when 

Labour members argue that Australian 

troops should not be sent to Europe. 

The Government replies that no 

guarantee can be given concerning the 

destination of the troops and that 

Japan's intentions are critical. 

Australia, of course, wanted Britain's 

guarantee that Singapore would be 

defended because it saw that base as 

crucial to its own security. The lack of 

British concern in these early months is 

illustrated in Anthony Eden's remark 

about the Japanese: "They can't even 

make a watch that works." Later, the 

Australians were to be assured by the 

British that the Japanese warplanes 

were "technically inferior." 

Others in Australia advised that one 

Japanese aircraft carrier and one army 

division could take Australia in three 

days. This threat was strong pressure to 

keep the troops at home despite Britain's 

plight. But Prime Minister Robert 

Menzies believed that "if Britain falls, 

the Empire falls," and he wanted an 

Imperial War Council to include all 

Dominion Prime Ministers. Their 

place, he said, was in London, and he 

set out to ensure that his views prevailed 

on the Churchill Government. 

On the way he visited Australian 

troops in the Middle East and was informed 

that they were treated like reinforcements 

for the British army. 

Copyright by C.S.HAMMOND &CO..N.Y 

100° A B 120° C D 140° Itongtud. F 

AUSTRALIA^A- 

No Imperial War Cabinet was 

formed, but Menzies did sit on the 

British War Cabinet for a short time in 

1941. Although there is no evidence 

here of the fight for power portrayed by 

David Day in Menses and Churchill At 

War, the relations between the two 

leaders were stormy to say the least. 

13 

When Menzies accused the British 

Prime Minister of leading Australian 

troops into impossible situations 

without sufficient support, Churchill 

asked: "What would you have me do — 

surrender?" "No," stormed Menzies. 

"Just listen to voices other than your 

own." But in The Grand Alliance, Churchill 

claimed that Menzies' visit had 

been most valuable. "He had sat 

through two critical months with the 

War Cabinet, and had shared many of 

our most difficult decisions. He had not 

been satisfied either with the organisation 

of the cabinet or with my exercise 

of such wide powers in the conduct of 

the war. . . . Although my disagreements 

with him were serious, our 

relations had been most friendly." 

Menzies was also having problems at 

home "with a Brutus or two." He 

returned to ask the Labour leader, John 

Curtin, to join him in a National 

Government. When his own party 

withdrew its support, on the grounds 

that he had been absent for so long and 

had sold out to Churchill, he resigned 

and Curtin became Prime Minister until 

his own death just before the peace. 

Churchill was able to commisserate 

with Menzies because of the similarities 

in the political fates. After Menzies' 

resignation Churchill wrote him that "I 

went through a similar experience 

when I was removed from the Admiralty 

at a moment when I could have 

given the Anzacs a fair chance of victory 

at the Dardanelles." 

The battles between Curtin and 

Churchill were primarily strategic 

although an amusing incident showed 

other differences. When Churchill 

asked for background material on Curtin 

he was told that he had been jailed 

for opposing conscription in World 

War I, had an alcohol problem and was 

of Irish background. Churchill replied: 

"If that wasn't enough, he's a socialist!" 

Later in The Hinge of Fate, Churchill 

makes the following comments about 

his relationship with Curtin: "Our 

discussions about the relief of the 

Australian troops in Tobruk had not 

been agreeable. Later in the war, in 

easier times, when he came to England 

and we all got to know him well, there

was general respect and liking for this 

eminent and striking Australian personality, 

and I personally formed with 

him a friendship which, alas, was cut 

short by his untimely death." 

In his worst moments, Churchill was 

quite caustic about the Australians. He 

blamed them for the failure to sweep 

the Dardanelles at Gallipoli and commented 

that "you can't breed a decent 

race from convicts and Irishmen." One 

would hope the producers of this film 

were exercising considerable artistic 

license in these scenes. 

To Curtin and his supporters, Churchill's 

Government treated the Australians 

as merely appendages. ("As far as 

Churchill is concerned the Empire ends 

at India but if he betrays Australia, 

history will indict him.") They were 

constantly told that if Singapore were 

to fall, the British would abandon the 

Mediterranean and come to their aid. 

Menzies seemed to accept this promise 

more than any others. Most of the 

Labour members and a good share of 

Menzies' colleagues took it for the 

empty promise it was. Given the 

strategic importance that the British attached 

to the Mediterranean, there was 

little likelihood that it would ever happen. 

In any event, Australia did not 

have the resources to hold out until the 

British assistance arrived. Besides, 

Churchill reassured everyone that 

"Singapore cannot possibly fall." 

But it did, and the British were 

unable to do anything about it. Britain 

no longer ruled the Pacific waves if it 

also wanted to keep a fleet on the 

Atlantic and Indian Oceans and the 

Mediterranean Sea. So the Australians 

publicly turned to America for support. 

Menzies thought that this was going at 

their heritage with an axe. Churchill 

said they could go to hell. Roosevelt 

was just as angry. He thought that a 

public speech by Curtin to the effect 

that Australia's destiny was in the 

hands of America smacked of panic 

and disloyalty. 

Needless to say, the Australians were 

very distressed by the American policy 

to put Europe first. But their view of 

things changed somewhat when the 

American General Douglas Mac- 

Arthur was put in command of 

Southwest Asia and sent to Australia. 

The brawl between Curtin and Churchill 

was over. There would be no 

brawl between Curtin and MacArthur. 

Although MacArthur was every bit as 

determined and obstinate as Churchill, 

he was on the scene and able to convince 

Curtin that this absolute control 

was necessary to fight the war with 

Japan. 

The last part of the film dramatizes 

the efforts of MacArthur to rally his 

forces in the defence of Australia and 

the preparation for a return to the 

Phillippines. The main rivalry here was 

between MacArthur and General 

Blarney, the Australian Army Commander. 

MacArthur informed his own 

officers that he had not brought them 

from Corregidor "to take orders from a 

bunch of colonial hicks." Curtin took 

MacArthur's side to the extent that all 

communication between Australian 

political and military officials had to go 

through the American commander. 

Blarney's retort was that Curtin had 

just silenced his last Australian voice. 

The Australian military saw themselves 

in a "back-seat" at best in their relationship 

with the Americans. 

The view we get of Winston Churchill 

in this film is one of a leader 

desperately trying to establish priorities 

and marshall all the resources of the 

Empire in support of those priorities. 

Hitler was the enemy and nothing must 

interfere with the plans for his defeat. 

Not all allies within Britain, the Empire 

or the United States agreed with him, 

but he believed it his duty to prevail. 

Because he was at the centre of power, 

he was also the focal point for everyone 

who wanted to influence policy. But as 

he told the Australian envoy in one 

scene: "You can't kick me around. I'm 

not kickable." 

Churchill also had trouble, notwithstanding 

his patronizing views of 

the Empire, understanding Australia's 

"whining." Her fears were just that — 

fears. Britain's travails were real, the 

bombing was real. Furthermore, the 

bombing was on London and other 

central cities, not in British equivalents 

to outback areas like Darwin. Churchill 

believed that Britain had suffered 

greatly relative to her allies. When 

he told Anthony Eden that he wept 

openly when he thought of the boys in 

the airforce who had been sacrificed, he 

had to be reminded by Eden that many 

of those boys were Australian. 

Their great ally, Franklin Roosevelt, 

is seen in full support throughout the 

story. He knew that war with Japan 

was coming and he knew that Australia 

was in danger. But he accepted Churchill's 

arguments for making Germany 

the primary enemy and refused to be 

14 

distracted from that policy despite 

numerous entreaties from Australian 

representatives. 

It was a master stroke by Roosevelt 

to send MacArthur to Australia, although 

it was interesting to see the 

President phoning the Australian 

Prime Minister to tell him that the 

General was already in his country. 

Nevertheless, MacArthur was just what 

the Australians needed, and in the 

end he was probably worth as much to 

them as the British divisions and battleships 

that never appeared. Curtin 

welcomed the assignment of MacArthur 

because he was sure that the 

Americans never would have sent their 

top general if they had thought that 

Australia was going under. He did not 

know that Roosevelt partially saw the 

appointment as an opportunity for 

MacArthur to fulfill his need to be a 

martyr. 

Despite Australian fears, Churchill 

and Roosevelt were right. Australia 

could be saved only if Japan was 

defeated, and that event had to be 

preceded by the defeat of Germany. 

Churchill had to sacrifice part of the 

Empire to accomplish it. But no part of 

the Empire paid nearly the price that 

Britain herself did. To reverse Menzies' 

comment: If Britain was saved, the Empire 

was saved — although in quite a 

different form. 

Timothy West is a very plausible 

Churchill, as he was in other productions 

like Churchill and the Generals. 

Robert Vaughan plays an improbable 

MacArthur. I'm afraid I still see him 

more as Napoleon (Solo, in The Man 

From U.N.C.L.E.y. The actors who play 

Menzies, Curtin, Anthony Eden, 

General Marshall and Roosevelt portray 

them credibly and generally look 

like them, but why do they have 

George Marshall sporting a moustache? 

The choice of the supporting characters 

in the story is also interesting. Churchill's 

only adviser is Anthony Eden; 

military men like Ismay or Brooke have 

no dialogue. Roosevelt has only Marshall 

and King, no civilians like 

Hopkins or Rosenman. 

The Last Bastion is an excellent introduction 

to domestic Australian 

politics and that country's role in 

the war. Despite the inevitable license 

taken regarding some personal conversations, 

it is good history and entertaining 

drama. What better team could we 

ever have (unless it was Churchill and 

Roosevelt)? 

•

CHURCHILL IN POPULAR AND ACADEMIC LITERATURE 

ABSTRACTS EDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON 

P.G. Edwards, "S.M. Bruce, R.G. Menzies 

and Australia's War Aims and Peace 

Aims, 1939-1940," Historical Studies 

(University of Melbourne), Vol. 17, No. 

66, April 1976: 1-14. 

During the period of the so-called 

"Phoney War" there was considerable 

discussion between Britain and the 

Dominions over what they were fighting 

for. References to this controversy 

are almost totally absent from Churchill's 

memoirs. The key Australian 

participants in this debate were S.M. 

Bruce, the High Commissioner to Britain 

and Prime Minister R.G. Menzies. 

"War Aims" refers to the conditions 

upon which a government will successfully 

conclude hostilities. "Peace 

Aims" includes a view of what sort of 

world should be created after the war. 

The Australians were anxious to respond 

to Hitler's peace initiative of 6 

October and feared that Germany was 

winning the propaganda battle — particularly 

in Australia and the United 

States. Chamberlain's response was 

seen as lame and uninspiring. Menzies 

cabled Chamberlain with the suggestion 

that "we are not aiming really at 

victory but rather looking beyond it to 

a laying of the foundation of a better 

international system." Chamberlain 

misunderstood. He thought Australia 

and the other Dominions believed, as 

he did, that the commitment to war was 

reversible and an acceptable settlement 

with Hitler was possible. They did not 

share his optimism. 

On the other hand, the Australians 

did not agree with the French, and the 

British as represented by Winston 

Churchill, who wanted a post-war 

world essentially similar to the pre-war 

world but with Germany defeated, 

disarmed and perhaps dismembered. 

Bruce had vehemently informed Churchill 

that world opinion would not permit 

a vindictive peace settlement aimed 

at subjecting and destroying Germany. 

All the Dominions wanted to avoid 

another Versailles peace. 

Although Menzies and Bruce were in 

agreement, there was some dissent 

within the Australian Cabinet. The 

Minutes merely state that the proposals 

"did not meet with general agreement." 

When United States Undersecretary 

of State Sumner Welles visited the warring 

capitals on a fact-finding tour in 

February 1940, Bruce informed him 

that Australia and the other Dominions 

were even more resolute than in 

1914. He also advised Welles that the 

only way to avert disaster was to have 

President Roosevelt put forward revolutionary 

proposals for a new political 

and economic order in the world. 

The debate over peace aims ended 

with the German Blitzkrieg in May, 

1940, and the accession of Churchill to 

Prime Minister ended any doubts about 

the resolution of the British leadership. 

Bruce told Menzies that full support 

from the United States was now critical 

and that German propaganda after the 

expected fall of France must be 

countered. 

Bruce persisted for some months in 

trying to persuade Churchill of the 

value of a statement of peace aims in 

terms that must have seemed 

dangerously socialistic to the British 

Prime Minister. But the question of the 

defense and survival of the British Isles 

very quickly became the primary war 

aim for all. Nevertheless, the 

Australians were more than pleased 

with the concepts that emerged in the 

Atlantic Charter, on which Roosevelt 

and Churchill agreed in August 1941. 

As the turning-point in the war passed 

in 1943, the Australians now had to 

plan for a more just and egalitarian 

society at home, and consideration was 

being given to the organization which 

would inevitably replace the League of 

nations. 

The Australians, particularly Bruce, 

had been caught in a paradox in advocating 

their views. They wanted to 

appeal to German and neutral public 

opinion, but they also wanted to 

galvanize and inspire British and Allied 

15 

public opinion. The Churchillian 

resolution and rhetoric required for 

one had the opposite effect on the 

other. For their part, the British 

thought that the Dominion High Commissioners, 

again particularly Bruce, 

were undependable busybodies with 

not enough to do. 

D.S.C. Sissons, "Australian War Policy 

1939-1945," Historical Studies, (University 

of Melbourne), Vol. 17, No. 69, October 

1977: 489-505. 

Only two of the belligerents of World 

War II were at war longer than 

Australia. Few suffered less. Australia's 

contribution in absolute terms was 

small, but it was enough to make a 

discernible impact on the shape of the 

war. Australia's political and military 

leaders in 1939-1945 were confronted 

with numerous problems whose intrinsic 

intellectual difficulty was out of all 

proportion to the meagre military 

resources the nation commanded. So it 

is not really surprising that Australia's 

war policy had its shortcomings. 

Australia was completely ignored in the 

planning of the air offensive over 

Europe, the most costly single campaign, 

in terms of lives lost, in which it 

was involved. In early 1942, at the time 

of greatest need, the Australian 

homeland was almost bereft of effective 

defence forces. From August 1942 until 

January 1944 Australia's army played a 

vital role in helping an Allied commander 

achieve his ambitions, but this 

help was not publicly recognized by 

that commander, General Douglas 

MacArthur. In the last year of the war 

Australia made its maximum military 

effort in the field, but this was in campaigns 

which were completely useless, 

strategically. 

While fighting beside Britain against 

Germany and Italy, Australia almost 

completely surrendered strategic control 

over her own forces to Britain. In 

the war in the Pacific the key decisions 

concerning Australia were made in 

Tokyo, Washington and to a lesser extent 

London. In particular, there was 

Japan's decision not to conquer Australia; 

America's decision to hold

Australia and use it as a base for a 

counter-offensive; and Britain's series 

of decisions about the Malayan campaign. 

Australia produced no wartime figure 

of the stature of Churchill or 

Roosevelt. Robert Menzies had a 

mediocre record as Prime Minister until 

he lost power in 1941. The greatest 

figure was Prime Minister John Curtin 

whose most notable skill was softening 

animosities on the home front. 

The decisions to involve Australian 

troops in the disastrous landing in 

Greece, the fiasco in Crete, the losses at 

Tobruk and the successful invasion of 

Syria were made by British leaders with 

little consultation with Australia, 

although Menzies was in London and 

asking Churchill some very probing 

questions. 

The seven months following the attack 

on Pearl Harbour saw the most 

frenzied period of decision-making involving 

Australia. The failure to hold 

Singapore made evident Britain's inability 

to defend Australia. Churchill 

and Curtin engaged in a major battle 

over whether the Australian 7th Division 

should go home or go to Rangoon. 

If Churchill's wishes had prevailed the 

Australians would have reached 

Rangoon just in time either to be captured 

by the Japanese, or to take part in 

the disorganized retreat to India. 

Australian Official Histories conclude 

that on a comparative population 

basis the Australian performance was 

very good compared to the allies. 

Without the Anzacs there may have 

been no Greek or Crete campaigns, 

and they certainly kept the British from 

collapsing in the Middle East at 

Tobruk. They also played a crucial role 

Australians, never represented, could at least count 

on frequency of meetings between their chief allies: 

this one, at Quebec on 18 August 1943, was the sixth 

of 11 (counting Cairo twice at either end of Teheran) 

between FDR and WSC. Standing, L-R: Gen. 

"Hap" Arnold; Sir Charles Portal, RAF; Gen. Sir 

Alan Brooke; Adm. Emest }. King, USN; Sir John 

Dill; Gen. George C. Marshall; Admiral Pound, 

RN; Adm. Leahy, UShl. Seated at left is Prime 

Minister Mackenzie King of Canada. 

at El Alamein. 

In the Pacific, Japan was defeated by 

the submarine campaign which sank 

her merchant marine and by Nimitz's 

Central Pacific drive which brought 

Japan within the range of American 

bombers. One might even argue that 

Australia lengthened the war by helping 

MacArthur to divert resources from 

the vital Central Pacific theatre, but it 

should be remembered that a significant 

proportion of the American submarine 

campaign was fought from 

bases in Australia. 

Australia was unable to retain control 

of its own warriors. It was also profoundly 

influenced by a pre-war 

strategy which depended on Singapore 

as central to Australia's security. It 

wasn't, but its fall led to an excessive 

reliance upon American aid and to excessive 

willingness to let MacArthur 

determine strategy in the Southwest 

Pacific Area. But how can a small nation 

have much say in determining the 

strategy of a coalition in which its partner 

is some hundred times stronger? • 

16

CHURCHILL COLLECTORS HANDBOOK SUPPLEMENT 3 (REV 6-88) 

Section 3: Directory to the International Churchill Society 

With Members of Record as of June 1988 

For the personal use oflCS members, branches and chapters. 

Publication of complete addresses is prohibited by Article VI of the Society By-laws, in order to assure the privacy of our members. 

However, any individual member may request a partial list, covering all other members in his or her local area, for personal contact or 

for the purpose of organizing a chapter. To receive such lists, please contact your membership office in any of the five countries listed in 

the Directory on page 3 of each Finest Hour. We do hope this list of current members will remind you of the increasing number of 

neighbors who share your interest, and prompt you to contact them in the near future. 

AUSTRALIA 

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TUB) I TORT 

Campbell/ Pater Buchanan Canberra/ Churchill Menorinl Trust 

Balman/ Roy Fidge 

Belmore So/ John Wegner 

Bui-wood/ W.J. Tnggert 

Cammeray/ Norma Bartley 

Cremorne/ Paul Jacobs 

Dubho/ Ralph Dormn 

Fnlrllght/ Greg Marusic 

Brisbane/Andrew Hnrwood, 

Harvey D. Humphreys 

mm SOOTH KALIS 

Forestvie/ Peter Clouaton 

Greenwich/ H. A. Wilson 

Hone Bush/ R. J. McCluakle 

Ki Hartley Ills/ John Meyers 

Lugarno/ Douglas Mears 

Monterey/ R. R. Henydon 

Nnmbucca Hds/ Roy Morant 

Neutral Bay/ Susan Kennedy 

OORIBLAHD 

Fairfield/ Yvonne Campbell 

Margate/ C.A. Lcbeanft 

TASMANIA 

Taroona/ George Richard 

Pngewood/ Arthur Baxter 

Roue Bny/ Philip Strasser 

Strathfield/ E.J. Britton 

Sydney/ W. R. Calvin 

Ultimo/ S. Laurie 

Haterton/ Henry Gamble 

Wollatonecroft/ 

Jack Addison 

Yorkeys Knob/ 

Daphne NielBon 

VICTORIA 

Blarkhurn So/ Churchill Fellows Assn Oak Park/ Kevin Bliss 

Endeavour Hills/ Peter M. Jenkins South Ynrra/ John Blliott 

The Basin/ George Hill 

CANADA 

Lynwood/ Ray Perry 

MB8TBRN AUSTRALIA 

South Yunderup/ J.E.J. Arscott 

Note: Incomplete owing to ongoing renewals; Canada total approx. 350. 

K. M. Bredin 

Peter C. Bnwdon 

Chris Bell 

G. Rwart Brown 

J. J. Boulton 

Arthur Cload 

A. F. Collins 

D. H. Fleck 

Lome Gunlcir 

Harvey Hebb 

Knye Adams 

Philip C. Barter 

Frank Battershill 

W. J. Borrie 

Robert Brown 

Robert B.J. Burns 

Hubert 0. Chapman 

John V. Clyne 

J.Stuart Clynn 

William Y.Crawford 

Ernest D. Danny 

Douglas R. Day 

John D'Knth 

David Devlne 

Julian S. Diamond 

Jean Lieon Doise 

Pierre Doise 

ALBERTA - CALOARY 

Peter Burgener John C. Haryett 

J. R. Collins W. A. Howard 

Tim Finnls 

G. J. Mnier 

Lt John Grodsinski Fred C. Mannix 

Stanley C. Waters 

Harry Hole 

R. K. Hole 

R. Hurlburt 

George H. Lambert 

Dnvld T. Leaker 

S. A. MacTnggart 

Lamont/ J. K. Hutson 

ALURTA - EDMONTON 

A. T. Hurray 

James Newby 

Kenneth C. Pals 

J. G. Peterson 

D. V. Reynolds 

W. H. Ross, CD 

The President, Air Force Club 

ALBERTA 

St. Albert/ Maj.W.A. West 

BRITISH COLIMIA - VANCOCVn (I. NORTH VANC.) 

R. T. Du Moulin Soul Kohn 

M. Donald Raaton Thomas R. Ladner 

William EBB ton Michael M. Lambert 

Thomas C. Eddie Les M. Little 

John Flowerdrw A. E. MacDonnld 

Dennis Forrlstel Larry T. Macauley 

Rrx B. Forteacue James D. Maw 

W.D.H. Gardiner Douglaa Mclnnes 

David G. Goold Andrew F.L.Milligan 

David A. Graham D. E. Norman 

Ralph -Harding David Odhama 

D. R. Hildreth H.A.D. Oliver,QC 

Harold T. Hope Ronald Penhall 

D.Lukin Johnston Norman F. Rigby 

G. D. HettyIs Michael R. Shields 

Barry Kirkham Lome Sinclair 

W. C. Koerner Gordon T.Southam 

Fred A. McKlnnon 

II. S. Patterson 

William P. Taylor 

W. H. Tye 

WllTred Sadler 

J. Siegenberg 

Derek Spitz 

W.J.S. Sunley 

Keith F. Wakefield 

H. T. Williams 

Leslie A. Strike 

Lionel S. Such 

Stan Szary 

Allan D. Thackray 

R. W. Underhill 

Vancouver 

Public Library 

Richard Vogel 

Michael A. Walker 

Michael V. Webster 

C.S. White 

John Williams 

J.E. Wilson 

Stanley R. Winfield 

Harold M. Wright 

Bryan E. Yiruah 

Charles Young 

Robin J.Abercrombie 

George A. Adams 

H.P. Bell-Irving 

Frank Bernnrd 

William G. Brown 

Murray Cmneron 

J. Chutter 

C.A. Decosson 

Franklin Bit ings 

Edward C.Rowdrn Green 

P. D. P. Holmes 

Dr. A. H. Lane 

Abbtsfrd/ Michael Brear 

Rurnnby/ Fred Gingell 

Campbell R/ Rob Patten 

Coquitlam/ Roy Flaxman, 

Ivor Kellett 

Duncan/ George Maggs 

Frdrktn/ Laurence Wall 

Gngetown/ John R. Moore 

Mnrlene Allan 

Derek Brown 

O.K. Campbell 

W.W. Cherry 

Agincourt/ J. Plimpton 

Ajax/ Philip A. Wynne 

Barrie/ Craig J.Neil 

Bobcaygeon/ 

Christina Fletcher 

Brampton/ Jos. Fullan 

Brnntford/ Wm. Sempie 

Cambridge/ John H.Paull 

Don Mills/ Wm.N. Clark, 

Judith Mattlngley 

Etobicoke/Colin Wackett 

Goderich/ Carl Anderson 

Grimaby/ D. W.McClellui 

Guelph/ M.C. Shonfield 

Beaconafield/ Bruce Willia 

Montreal/ Alain Herbert 

BRITISH COLIMIA - VANCOUVER (MIST) 

Ronald W.Downey Donald Lennkail 

Normnn H. Faiers Clayton Lehman 

John Fnrrell Frank McNulty 

George Fluter W.T. Money 

John Goodger John D.Montgomery 

Jnmes D. Kadlec John Newbuiy 

Wnrnett Kennedy W. F. Ramsey 

S.J. Kernnghnn F. A. Robertson 

BRITISH COLUMBIA - VICTORIA 

William B. Morrison 

Hon. John Douglas Reynolds 

Ron Cynewulf Robbins 

His Honour Gov. Bob Rogers 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 

Duncan/ A.A.M.Stewart 

Landley/ George Brown 

Maple Ridge/ W.A. Heard 

Nnnaiomo/ 

Stanley Freestone 

N.Westmnstr/ Jos.Raphael 

MANITOBA 

Winnipeg/ David T. Anderson 

NSW BRUNSWICK 

Moncton/ Celwyn P. Ball 

Rivervlew/ Louis Ouigley 

mnmoNDLAim 

St.Johns/ James H. Steele 

NOVA SCOTIA 

Halifax/ Leonard A. Kit: 

David R.L. Rolfe 

Anthony Scammell 

Harold Short 

Mark R. Steven 

Ian Ward 

Ian Whitelaw 

Harry Wood 

(list incomplete) 

Mra.H.T. Southwood 

Paul Thomaa 

Leone Trubkln 

Clifford Whitehead 

N.Westmnatr/ Arthur Lien 

Ocean Park/ Hugh A.M.Clee 

Pt. Coqultlam/Frank Smyth 

Surrey/ Jes.T.B. Quayle 

White Rock/Leonard Taylor 

(B.C. list incomplete) 

Sackville/ Vaughn Alward 

St.John/ Tim Horgan 

ONTARIO - TORONTO 

David Currie Frederick L.R.Jnckman Douglas McLeod 

John G. Edison QC Mary C. Jackman Norman M.Rogers 

Robert S. Gillan Margaret LnChapelle Michael Wilson 

Bruce Head 1 HIT, Rrnest J. Llittle F.B.Watt 

ONTARIO 

Isllngton/P.A.H.Cassels 

Kitchnr/H.G.R.Lawrence 

Markham/ David llencher 

Mississsuga/ B.R.Moorehouse 

II, John Ronson, 

Bernard F. Webber 

Nepean/ Rolf R. Meier 

Ottawa/ Yousuf Harsh,0C 

Peterborgh/John Stewart 

Pickerint/ H.J. Vear 

Port Hope/ J.A. Dure 

Renfrew/ Paul Gary 

Richmond Hill/ Don Me- 

Vicar, Murray M.Milne 

PRINCI BSWAID ISLAND 

Kensington/ Archibald H. Johnstone 

Scarborough/ S.H. Glssser, 

J.D.Peacock, Winston 

. Churchill Coll. Institute 

St.Cathrins/Shenns Patterson 

QUEBEC 

Sherbrook/ Pierre Gagne 

Westmount/ Alex Bernstein, 

SASntTCHEWAN 

Reglnn/ W. Alward, M.C. Shumiatcher 

Strathroy/David S. Ferguson 

Thornhill/ Garnet R. Barber 

Unionvllle/ Arthur Wootton 

Uxbridge/ Ronald J. Tindley 

Willowdale/ G.W. Churton, 

Nell Rarle, John Piddington, 

George B. Temple 

Woodstock/ Mary Alexander 

(Ontario liat incomplete, 

advise if omitted) 

fonald I. Cohen 

Editor'* not*: f/e are working from shortened mniling labels and apologist* in 

advance for abbreviations, initials and inadvertent omissions of titles. If 

your name does not appear on this list please notify the editor. -FML 

CCH3.01(rev)

UNITED KINOUOM 

AVON 

Combe Down/ Edmund Murray 

Nnilsey/ Sydney Bennett 

BBUKSHIIS 

Maidenhead/ Keith llntch 

Thotchnn/ A. Million 

•uciimHAMsmis 

Chievoley/ The Hon. Celia S.Perkina Gt.Mlsaindcn/ Kathleen Hill, MBB 

at.Mlanlnden/ Sir Richard Hill, Bt, MRB Mar low/ John Evans 

CAWBtDOl 

Correlli Barnett 

CtMRIA 

Barrow-In-Furnees/ 

S. N. Sabharwal 

CHESHIRE 

Nantwich/ Jenn Pearson 

CORNWALL 

Budc/ H.M. Boettinger 

DORSET 

Sherborne/ Peter Coomba 

Wimborne/ D.G.Andrews, Nancy Ward 

•AIT SUSSEX 

Bexhill/ Proresaor P.S. Gardner Heratmonceaux/ D.B.Pugh 

Canvey 2s/ Bill Wood Loughton/ John B. Harvey Ramaden Hth/ C.A.Spencer 

Hornchurch/ X. Friend Maldon/ Frank Rendell Rayleigh/ A.H. Benham 

Loughton/ G.B.Forbes 

Southcnd/ Jane H.Qoaling 

Woodford Green/ Donald L. Forbes, CBR.JP.FCA; Ralph Trenayne Prout, MBB 

Aldershot/ H.J. White, 

Fred Hambrook 

Bnsingatoke/ Geo.Steib, 

Georfrey J. Wheeler 

aUMOHOAN 

Penarth/ L.H.Williaan Swansea/ Eric R. Jones 

GLOUUBttTBH 

Cheltenham/ Roy Faiers, 

Mrs J.R.Williama 

Bishops Storlford/ David Thos/aa 

Beckonham/ Mrs M.J. Kay 

Broadstairs/ R.B.Brenner 

Bromley/ Mr/Mra K. Joyce 

Dartford/ G.E. Skinner 

Kdenbridge/ B.A. Rodway 

Fawhan/ WH. Charnley 

Graveaend/ A. Ridgera 

Orpington/ C.C. Brown 

Blackburn/ Owen Terry 

Ashby de la Zoucli/ 

M.J. Lainchbury 

The Lord Airlie 

Janes Arbuthnot 

James Bell 

Mr/Mrs H.L. Bell 

Jonathan Chadwick 

Cdr Winston G.Churchill 

Barbara Cooper 

R.A.C. Du Vivier, CBB 

Martin Gilbert, KA 

C. S. Sodden 

Richard Has 1am-Hopwood 

gnrield/ Ronald A.Smith 

Harrow School 

Blceeter/ R.W.J. Price 

Boars Hill/ P.Churchill 

Henley/ Robt Hardy, CBR 

Hinkaey HI11/a. Cooper 

Oxford/ J.A.Chalmers, 

VADM Sir Peter Gretton, 

KCB, DSO, OBR, DSC 

Chepstow/ K.O. Tufft 

HAMPSHIRE 

Bedhmptn/ H.A.Redburn OBR 

Hayling Is/ Wa.P.Kyrea, 

Wilfred t. Perkins 

N.Baddesley/ D.F.Payne,FRNS 

HINffUMrtHiro 

N.Barnet/ John Frost 

OUT 

Sevenoaka/ Mrs M. Green 

Shoreham/ David J. Porter 

So.Darent/ B.W. Brazier 

Tonbridge Wells/ 

Peter Griffiths, FCA; 

Viscount De L'lsle.VG KG 

Welling/ LCDR F.W.J.Strong 

LANCASHIRE 

Blackpool/ P.M. Walah 

LKICKSTERSBIRIB 

Leicester/R.G.Qsmer, 

Lt Col R.E.H. Ward, MC.TD 

LIKOOLNSB1RB 

Bourne/ T. Hollingshead 

LONDON 

Richard Hough 

Neil Hughe.-Onslow 

Michael Kellon 

Denis Kelly 

Gordon E.H. Maggs 

David B. Mayou 

Anthony Montague 

Browne, CBR, DFC 

Stta Palmer 

John Pearson 

Howard Pedraza 

MIDDLESEX 

Northolt/ Valance A. Woodcock 

Uxbridge/ P.H. Pond-Jones 

Stockbridge/ The Lady 

Margaret Colville 

Vernham Dean/ 

Peregrine S. Churchill 

Tring/ Robt A.Fincher 

Westerham/ 

Jean Broome; 

Winston S.Churchill, 

M.P.; 

Orace Hamblin, OBB; 

Maj. Alan Taylor-Smith 

Weatgate/ Chris. Downs 

W.Wickham/ J.H.Walker 

Burscough/ B.W. Savage 

Narborough/ 

Marian Spicer, MBE 

C. R. Perioli 

D. Piggott 

Anthony Rota 

Richard 8. B. Sawyer 

Sidney L. Shipton 

B. 0. Slattery 

The Lady Soamea, DBE 

Jamea Thomaa 

Mark Weber 

John Wenzel 

Jeffrey Young, JP 

Wembley Park/ 

Ira H. Levy 

mmuHPTomnei 

Broughton/ D. Bolsover Silverstone/ Gerald Lovell 

Glasgow/ Dr. Cecil Tobia 

hldlow/ Mathew 0. Reea 

OTAFWMIMUHI 

Stafford/ A.T. Ooodyer 

Carrickfergua/ Jack Darrah 

OXfORDSBiMB 

Oxford/ Dr.K. Lumsden, 

The Dowager Countess 

of On.low, MBB; 

Dame Felicity H. Peake 

Wantage/ Renry R. Crooks 

Watlington/ Sir John 

Martin, KCMG, CB, CVO 

Bramley/ Michael Wybrow Limpsrield/ Hia Honour 

Cidihna/ Jalmn II.dx Sola Judge Michael Cook 

(l..,li.l.liu(/ Allhur fllmiin ftniub-ral rail/ B.I.. Davla 

Kenley/ Mr/Mra J.L.Reed Thorpe/ Richard McGiath 

Woodatock/ 

Arthur G. Cork 

Marcua R. Niner 

Wood. tock-B 1 enhelm/ 

Hia Grace The Duke 

of Marlborough, DL,JP 

8COTLAHD 

Argyll/Strachur/ Sir Fitzroy Maclean, Bt 

Taunton/ L.J. Blackwell, Tony Ellard 

SUFFOLK 

Ipawich/ Brenda M.Lakey, Norman Rogara 

Thames Dltton/ 

fl.R.Cl.C. Tickler 

Win I Inglinm/ L. L.TlHimna 

WonrealerPk/Mi-Mrs A.Martin 

UM1TID IINuDOM, cont'd. 

SUSSEX 

Arumlel/ Thomna Cawte Brighton/ P.F. Kinna 

B.Grinatend/ D. A. Merritt, M. Wellealey-Wesley 

TTRI AMD WEAR 

S.Shields/ Jla Harria 

WARWICKSHIRE 

Nuneaton/ Peter Mclver, Solihull/ Roy Thompson, 

R. W. Tebbett Dale Weber 

WIST MIDLANDS 

Coventry/ P.H. Squire Haleaowen/ O.W. Lawley 

Lendsl/ G.R. Burn 

Richmond/ J.B.Morris 

WUTSBIRB 

Warminater/ The Marquees of Bath 

YORKSHIRE 

Sheffield/ M.A. Olbba, 

Miss G. Reichl 

Wakefield/ 

George Rhodes 

Address not received: Wing Commander D.S.G. Jackson 

UNITED STATES 

ALABAMA 

Birmingham/ Eugene Rutlcdge, Ben fl. McDaniel, Frank C. Marshall, Alex V.Davies 

Fairhope/ Craig Dahle 

Anchorage/ Ja 

Chandler/ Zoyd R.Luce 

Glendale/ Wm. E.Eubank 

ALABIA 

Bendell, Michael Hagood, Stuart C. Hall 

ARIZONA 

Phoenix/ Stephen W.Pogaon, 

R.C.Wilaon, Warren Sherk 

Batesville/ John Norman Harkey 

CALIFORNIA (by postal coda) 

9000 Los Angeles/ Alphonzo Bell, 

Winston L. Farrar, Lovina Grunden, 

Ira E. Kaplan, Coleman W. Morton, 

Henry Sakato 

90266 Manhattan Beach/ Allon J. Ouigley 

90402 Santa Monica/ Stanley M. Briggs 

9060- Whlttier/ 

John T. McLaughlin, Curt J. Zoller 

90731 San Pedro/ Jamea Benedict 

91011 Flintridge/ Allen P. Webb 

9110- Paaadena/ Dr.William L. 

Ingram, Robert P. Haatinga 

91316 Rncino/ T. W. McGarry, 

John C. Woods 

91320 Nrwbury Park/ Thomaa McClintock 

91326 Northridge/ BruceI.. Bogstsd 

°.13fi2 Thousand Oaks/ Roleiie Dinsdale 

9IOT1 Woodland HI 11K/ RugeneI,. Larson 

91711 Clnrvmont/ Jnlm R. Butterworth, 

Hnrry V. Jaffa, Dougtaa A. Jeffrey, 

Daniel C. Palm 

91786 Upland/ David T. Anderson 

91R01 Alhambra/ Frank A. Meyer 

92009 La Costa/ Jay A. Piper 

92037 La Jolla/ Robert Q. Sullivan 

92077 Spring Valley/ Joaeph R. Ott 

9210- San Diego/ A.H. MacPhail, 

Weat R. Kennerly 

9226- Palm Springs/ J. Ray Corliss, 

Carol F. McCoy 

92270 Rancho Mirage/ Derek Ashton 

92345 Hewaperia/ Joseph W. Kirachbaum 

92381 Sun City/ W. Glen Browne 

92632 Fullerton/ William M. Fine 

S2646 Huntingdon Beach/ Robt T.Castrey 

92660 Newport Beach/ Jay Carlisle, 

Brooks Hoar, Thomaa H. Nielaon 

Clarence & Celia S. Turner 

92662 Balboa Island/ Virginia D. Badham, 

Julia C. Woods 

92668 Orange/ Sandra K. Samia 

COLORADO 

Aurora/ Kenneth S.Coors Colo.Spga/ Dan Griawold 

Boulder/ Roger Cichorz Denver/ James D. Arundel 

CONNBCTICUT (by 

06074 S.Windsor/ Kevin F. Rcnnie 

06255 N.Groavenordale/ Richard Carretto 

06281 Woodstock/ Richard F. Potter 

06340 Qroton/ John McCaffery 

06355 Mystic/ William 0. Rockwood 

06378 Stonginton/ David C. Rika 

06410 Cheshire/ Albert J. Sherman 

06430 Fairfleld/ R.P. Fltzpatrick, 

Harvey W. Oreisman 

06457 Mlddletown/ William Manchester 

06460 Milfort/ Van Hendrickson 

Amb.Sir Anthony Ackland 

Willis C. Armstrong 

Ward B. Chamberlin 

Hon. Jim Courier, USHR 

Harry W. Crocker III 

Richard M. Rdelman 

Kay Murphy Halle 

D. C. - MnilMTOD 

Pamela C. llnrriman 

Cdr. Jacob L. Johnson 

Norwood H. Keeney 

Steven J. Lambakis 

Brenan R. Nieraan 

Hon. Sam Numt, USS 

Christopher Nyce 

Scottsdale/Wm. R. Schulz 

Tucson/ Henry Mandelbaum 

Little Rock/ Donald J. Kelly 

92670 Placentin/ David Freeman 

92680 Tu»tin/ Oloria Arrington 

92714 Irving/ Frank A. Beaz 

9310- Santa Barbara/ Mortimer Andron, 

Leo D. Flakloff, Jamea H. Hurley, 

J. Tim Terry 

93940 Monterey/ Tom Dudley 

93944 Prealdio/ Timothy Rives 

94010 Hillsborough/ Mrs. Robert L. 

Hammett, Hubert I. Ziman 

94026 Menlo Park/ R. Donaldaon-Clarke 

94040 Mt.View/ Michael J. Altenburger 

94063 Redwood City/ Noreen R. Will 

94070 San Carlos/ Michael C. Perkina 

941— San Franciaco/ Philip W. Harah, 

Victor B. Levit, Sen.Milton Marks, 

Matthew 8. Lo.:kary, Clnud I. Schmld 

94507 Alnmo/ Kenneth Barker 

91523 I'leaannt. Hill/ John Mnrann 

94539 Fremont/ Carl M. Kalhorn 

94R46 Castro Valley/ Mnnard B. Pont, 

Michael J. Schneiders 

94563 Orinda/ Ernest H. Ruehl 

94591 Valleso/ Roberta M. Lopez 

94598 Walnut Creek/ James 8. Ryan 

94920 Tiburon/ Marl 0. Barna 

94949 Larkspur/ Joseph Behn 

94960 San Anaelmo/ Merry Nesa 

95005 Ben Lomond/ Virgina E. Vogel 

95008 Campbell/ Steven A. Goodman 

96014 Cupertino/ Mary Lou M. Whalen 

95070 Ian 0. Beswich 

95240 Lodl/ Eloiae Hunnell, 

Betty Newrield 

95405 Santa Roaa/ Albert A.Laferriere 

958— Sacramento/ Robert Bell, 

John T.Hay, Eleanor Dalton-Newfield 

William R. Saracino, George Shulaky 

Timothy A. Ziebell 

95949 Grass Valley/ Myron M.McElwaine 

Denver/ Walter R. Foltt 

Parker/ Robt W. Hatch II 

postal cod*) 

06475 Old Saybrook/ William R. Davia 

06492 Walllngford/ Gordon S. Cohen 

06497 Stratford/ Jack Hughes 

06604 Brideport/ Violet Sclalla 

06759 lltchfield/ Aaa B. Hall 

06820 Dorian/ Christopher P. McClancy 

06877 Ridgefleld/ Howard B. Walzer 

06883 Weston/ Jeffrey Satinover 

06897 Wilton/ Sven Rrik Nielsen 

06902 Stamford/ John M. Maffatt 

Judith Plunkett 

Charlea W. Snyder 

Andrew Sullivan 

C. C. Tharp 

Hon. Caapar W. Weinberger 

Michael White 

George F. Will 

CCH3.02(rev)

DtLMMIK 

Newark/ Raymond A. Callahan 

FLORDA (by postal coda) 

31018 Daytonn Beach/ Dcbra HcOulre 333— Ft. Lauderdnle/ John D. Blooai, 

32082 Pnte Vedra Bch/ Paul Z. Fletcher Jamea B. Perry, Henry W. Ryan, Jr. 

32201 Jackaonville/ Steven A. Werber 33328 Davie/ Christopher Adams 

32B05 Pensacola/ Darrell Hoi ley 

3340- Palm Beach/ Herbert P. Benn, 

32748 Leesburg/ Margaret L. Lewis 

D.M. King, Bdwina Sandya 

32807 Orlando/ William P. Johnson 336— Tampa/ Drake B. Basaatt, 

32937 Satellite Beach/ John C. Nelson B.L. Thurman, Robert R. Vawter, Jr. 

33009 Hallandale/ Milton Schustermen 33701 St. Petersburg/ Thomas Montalbo 

33062 Fompano Beach/ Maria C. Bowers 33809 Lakeland/ George H. Riddle 

33124 Coral Gables/ Oeo. Colin Mello 3442- Saraaota/ Thomas Brooka, 

331— Miami/ Sidney Altneu, Hoy E.Black, John F. Hawkridge 

Donald B. Hathorn, Michael Ferae 346— Clearwater/ Luis Ballina, 

33140 Miami Beach/ Maureen Blum 

M. M. Pique 

33317 Plantation/ Harold R. Smith 34951 Ft. Pierce/ Holla Ross 

GEORGIA 

Atlanta/ Mary Jane Brock, George R. Roawell/ Ian H. Campbell 

Oreiff, David Handley, Thomas Hughes, Savannah/ Samuel A. Cann 

Alfred M. Marahall 

Stone Mountain/ Russell T. Griffin 

Marietta/ Robert D. Green 

Tucker/ Jeffrey B. Morriaon 

60015 Deerfleld/ Harry R. Clamor, 

Donald C. Johnaon, George Mitchell 

60062 Northbrook/ Randye A. Kogan 

60067 Inverneaa/ F.W. Channer 

60076 Skokie/ Paul Kaplan 

601 IB DeKalb/ Larry Arnhart 

60191 Hooddale/ Anthony Cichanik 

6030- Oak Park/ David Druckman, 

Donald R.Markey, Michael J.Ralaton, 

Robert M. Tagler 

Horace B. Barks 

Dorothy M. Boyden 

James T. Barry III 

Patricia Anne Barton 

Jane Crowley 

Mark S. Grimsich 

Fred J. Harris 

HAWAII 

Mililani/ Cdr. Lawrence M. Xryske 

ILLINOIS (postal coda ordsr) 

ILLINOIS - CBICAOO 

Harry J. Hart 

William C. Ives 

Philip J. Lyons 

Karen Meister 

Patrick I.. Moore 

Ambassador Paul Heron 

Robinson, Jr. 

60430 Homewood/ Les Hinick 

60466 Park Foreat/ Oscar Lundy 

60540 Naperville/ Jeffrey M. Boggan, 

Mark F. Griffith 

61103 Rock ford/ Loren M. Smith 

61350 Bloomington/ Dennis Ludwig 

61821 Champaign/ Richard A. Baylor 

62221 Belleville/ Chria J. Krisinger 

62246 Greenville/ Tom Shea 

62301 Quincy/ Ray Louis Orban 

Andrew M. Rosenfield 

Anthony M. Ryerson 

Jay Schmidt 

Herbert B. Sollitt 

Garrison A. Southard 

Gardner-H. Stern 

Bloomington/ 

Holmes Bmpaon 

Koason/ Matthew Tordoff 

HimomoTA 

Maplewood/ 

Sandra Dvoraky 

Minneapolis/ Todd Ronnei 

Minnetonka/ Dennla Burke 

Rochester/ Lloyd A. Wells 

St.Paul/ Betty A. Gorham 

MISSISSIPPI 

Ocean Springa/ Curtis L. Newcombe Taylorsville/ Larry E. Clark 

Pass Christian/ William C. Kidd Vicksburg/ Bobby D. Robinson 

Columbia/ A.J. Nash 

Farmington/ Opal Wright 

Fulton/ Jane Fllnk, 

Warren Hoi Iran, 

Russell Jones, 

John B. Marshall 

MISSOURI 

Independence/ 

Michnel W. Manners 

Kansas City/ T.C.Beckett 

LeesSummit/ C.V.Anderson 

Maryville/ RIM Kunkel 

Mubcrly/ Dr.Will Fleming 

St.Louis/ Maria S.Becker, 

Byron C. Herbert, Ruth 

Waldron Hill, Jim Nietmann, 

Wm. R. Piper, 

F. Carl Schumacher 

St.Peters/To* Gettemeyer 

NEBRASKA Bellevue/ Tom Schafer Omaha/ Wallace H. Johnaon 

Bedford/ Jon Richardson 

Contoocook/ Michael P.8. 

Harriet H. Langworth 

07023 Fanwood/ Mary Beth Nleozwlecki 

07024 Fort Lee/ Gerald B. Lechter 

07039 Livingston/ James Lynch, 

Ronald I. Parker, Douglas G. Tarr 

07052 W.Orange/ Betty Lechter 

07070 Rutherford/ Anthony Lancia 

07078 Short Hills/ Dominic F. Aaorosa 

07090 Westfield/ Barton F. Bischoff, 

George A. Lewis 

07104 Newark/ Rev. Francis R. Seymour 

07110 Nutley/ Gilbert H. lies 

07023 Roselle/ Joseph T. Myaak Jr. 

07410 Fair Lawn/ Manfred Weidhorn 

07631 Englewood/ Richard A. Leech 

07876 Succaaunna/ Richard L. Valero 

07901 Summit/ Allen Dresdner 

Alnmogordo/ Courtney Crenshaw 

Kevin D. Smith 

Albuquerque/ Larry Fricke 

NEVADA Las Vegas/ Harold Armstrong 

NEW HAMPSHIRI 

Hanover/ Don Carmichael Hopkinton/ Frank Wardley 

Henniker/ Ian W.Morrison Nashua/ Michael Pollitt 

Hopkinton/ R.M.Langworth Newbury/ Chas B. Sandeen 

NSW JBKSET (postal cod* ordar) 

07920 Basking Ridge/ Charles Menagh 

07924 Bernardaville/ Paul Biba 

07940 Madison/ Russell J. Chriatensen, 

Victor Paul Harris 

07945 Mendham/ Shirley J. Stake 

08033 Haddonfield/ Ralph D. Eastwick 

08034 Cherry Hill/ Harry Adey 

08501 Allentown/ Yvonne M. Henry 

08534 Pennington/ Russell H. Mullen 

08540 Princeton/ Peter Brennan 

08611 Trenton/ Michael MacNicoll 

08807 Bridgewater/ Richard C. Bvana 

08812 Dunellen/ William Benwell 

08901 New Brunswick/ Voorhees E.Dunn Jr 

08904 Highland Park/ Herman L.Breitkopf 

NIW MBIICO 

Albuquerque/ Stephen Gregg 

Gallup/ Charles E. Current 

Laa Crucee/ John H. Reynolds 

INDIANA 

Dyer/ Maurice W.Nymeyer LaPorte/ Brvin Pritchett Liberty/ Judge James 

Indpls/Russell K.Oberholtzer Merrillvllle/Donald M.Short S. Shepard 

la.City/ Douglas Russell 

Oelwein/ Stephen McCarthy 

Baldwin City/ Hal E.Wert 

Iola/ Clyde W. Toland 

IOWA 

Sioux City/ E.J.Vornbrock 

W.Branch/ George H. Nash 

KANSAS 

Hutchinson/ Peter M. 

MacDonald, Tom Sherman 

W.Des Moines/ 

Dewey Vukovich 

Manhatten/ Robin Higham 

Topeka/ Jay W. Watson 

Raymond C. Albano 

Brie A. Anderson 

Solomon Bogard 

Arthur Braver 

Benjamin M. Cardoso 

Chnrles L. Carrick • 

Michael J. Close 

Pat S. Conti 

Michael V. Daly 

Robert Dudley 

MM TORX CHI (* - APO NT) 

Ruth K. Emery 

Roger Fesenella 

Doreen Goddard 

David F. Haylea * 

James H. Heineman 

Norman Q. Hickman 

Glenn Horowitz 

Norman W. Jenulis 

Robert Kinmi 

Mordecai J. Lechter 

Alfred J. Lurie 

Arnold D. Mansdorf 

Ronald S. Melnyk 

Angelina M. Painter 

F. Higginson Philp 

Lucy P. Poaik 

Edwin F. Russell 

Barry Singer 

Peter J. Travera 

Peter J. Wynne 

BowltigGrn/ Jas.C.Barnett 

Danvlle/ David B. Wilaon 

Henderaon/ Rita Q. Bryan 

Lexington/ Robert A. Clay 

Baton Rouge/ Derek 

Brownleader, Siegfried 

Friedmnnn, Lowell 

Hoover, O.J.Williams 

Louiaville/ 

James M. Caldwell, 

Jamea L. Hill, 

Paul B. Mullett 

Prospect/ Chas. H.Buddeke 

Shelbyvle/ Margaret Cowan 

Villa Hills/ T.F.Sullivan 

Wilder/ Ronald Brennan 

LOUISIANA 

Harahan/ John B.Dunlap Jr New Orleans/ HBM Consul 

Lafayette/ Barbara Oater James J. Coleman 

Metairie/ Toby W. Lewla Lee H. Schleainger 

New Orleans/ HBM Consul Shreveport/ J.L. Frost 

MAINE 

Camden/ William B. Cannell Peaka Island/ Donald Wilder 

Baltimore/ Wm.H. Gorman, 

Frederick Himes, 

Joseph R. Wenderoth 

Betheada/ 

Hon. Jack Kemp, USHR 

Hon. Bob Packwood, USS 

MARTLAND 

Brookvle/ Jerry O'Conor 

ChevyChaae/ Jaa. U. De- 

Francis, R.B. Hartland 

Colmbia/Robt M. Sprinkle 

Hanvr/ Merton Pritchett 

Fotomnc/Herbert Goldberg 

Rckvle/Barrie Cillberti 

Salisbury/ 

Althea H. Whitney 

Silver Spring/ 

Max Lechter, 

David Marcue 

MASSACHUSETTS (poatal coda ordar) 

01076 S.Hadley/ Jon Lovett Douat 

02061 Norwell/ Richard A. Leahy 

01201 Pittsfield/ Winaton O. Roulier 02067 Sharon/ Donald H. Carvin 

01267 Williamstown/ Dorothy Reinke 0210- Boston/ Lewis P. Cabot, 

01342 Deerfield/ Alan Fraker 

Joshua J. Vernaglia 

01364 Orange/ Robert Leach 

02138 Cambridge/ Graham T.Allison Jr 

01543 Rutland/ Douglas Marden 

02144 Somerville/ Harold Ancell 

01742 Concord/ Robert 0. Bowen, 

02168 Waban/ Kenneth Dreyer 

G. Brie Jackson, Stanley B. Smith 02169 Quincy/ Richard Roberts 

01776 Sudbury/ John P. Nixon Jr. 02173 Lexington/ Gerald J. McCue 

01810 Andover/ Michael W. Morris 02181 Wellesley Hills/ Howard L. 

01833 Georgetown/ Paul S. King 

Churchill, Dr Francis G Holfort 

01944 Manchester/ Eric Brickson 

02192 Needham/ Victor C. Hood 

01945 Marblehead/ Gary S. Bisenhower, 02324 Bridgewater/ Gustaf E. Newcomb 

Brie K. Smith 

02642 Basthnm/ Ian Altchison 

MICHIGAN 

AnnArbr/ Michael P.Malley Clsrkaton/ Thos.Ooldner 

Milton G. Mutchnick Detroit/ Gary J.Bonine 

Birmngham/ Alec D. Rogera Grosse Pointe Park/ 

Blooafield Hills/ 

Edward W. Fitzgerald 

Daniel L. Treacy 

Dwayne W. Lawrence 

William H. Winatanley 

LinclnPk/ MaryJo Peterson 

Marquette/ Clair Hollerup 

Okemos/ Douglas Marsh 

Rochster/ Betty Arscott, 

Suzanne A. Sittig 

Trenton/ Calvin F.Voegtle 

MM TDBK STATI (postal 

10536 Katonah/ Richard L. Flaher 11787 

10549 Mt. Kisco/ Bruce D. Kennedy 11946 

10594 Thornwood/ Bdward Veprovsky 12188 

10601 White Plains/ Tohy Helingmann 12870 

10708 Bronxvllle/ Paul L. Meaders, 13317 

William W. Moore 13346 

11024 Klnga Point/ Don Baron 14075 

11030 Manhasset/ John J. McCartney 14170 

11545 Glen Head/ William T. Murray 14209 

11666 Mertrlck/ Ira L. Gerahenaon 14221 

11576 Roslyn/ Harold Schwinger 14222 

11577 Roslyn Hts/ Stephen M. Saravay 14467 

11581 Valley Stream/ M.W. Wellington 14512 

11704 W. Babylon/ Michael C.Sherwood 14580 

11772 Patchogue/ Edith M. Menegus 14624 

Chapel Hill/ Larry Goldberg, 

Helen Palmatier, 

Robert L. Roazell 

Charlotte/ Arthur Capper, 

Dr.George L. Gaunt, 

Eric Karnea, Delia R. 

Paterson, James A.Pope 

43023 Granville/ Lawrence L.Clark Jr 

43324 Huntsville/ Janes R.Dinkel 

44022 Chagrin Falls/ William J.Truax 

44041 Geneva/ Dr Jessie M.Hutchinson 

44072 Novelty/ Jay Nenefee 

44089 Vermilion/ Gala Snmpliner 

41107 Lakewood/ Alyce L. Auat 

4411- Cleveland/ Bruce Akers, 

Thomas A. Aldrich, Phillip Knaack, 

William McVey, Fred J. Rumplik 

WORTH CAROLINA 

Concord/ Roy B. Newaom 

Durham/ W. J. Petera 

Fayetteville/ 

Mary L. Cunningham 

Mebane/ Wm. Thos. Long 

Raleigh/ L.Lloyd Jabobs, 

Otis V. Jones Jr. 

OHIO (postal cods ordar) 

cod. order) 

Smithtown/ Arthur Kunz 

Hampton Bays/ R.W. Churchill 

Waterford/ Garry F. Douglas 

Schroon Lake/ Gregory N. Builard 

Canohoharie/ Stephen A. Becker 

Hamilton/ Elizabeth A. Weed 

Hamburg/ Barbara Brendes 

West Falls/ Glen R. Weeks 

Buffalo/ Donald S. Carmichael 

Williamsvile/ Madhukar A.Shanbhag 

Buffalo/ Richard Tobe 

Henrietta/ William B. Beatty 

Naples/ Robert E. Oilman 

Webster/ David MacOregor 

Rochester/ William Farmborough 

Roaman/ Wa.J. Cathey III 

Sunset Beach/ 

George Williams 

Winston-Sales/ 

Stephen A. Mills, 

Dr. Jamea R. Scalea 

44130 MiddleburgHta/ J.Eric Heyworth 

44313 Akron/ Reese taylor 

44514 Poland/ William Cochran 

44820 Bucyrua/ J. K. Kurtz 

452— Cincinnati/ Michael A. Berk, 

Thos. Brinkman Jr..Monte Dale Witte 

45365 Sidney/ Linn's Stamp News 

45805 Lima/ Sue M. Hefner 

45810 Ada/ Prof. Alfred B. Cohoe 

OKLAHOMA 

Edmond/ Wm. T. Dever Morris/ Barbara Kinzer Okemah/ Jonathan Wallace 

Hailyvle/Mlchael Studebaker Muskogee/ Robin W.Adair Ok.City/ Kenneth J.Eylar 

Albany/ Stamp Collector 

Ashland/ Robin Lawson 

Eugene/ Robert L. Brown 

Eugene/ Robin Steussy 

L.Oswego/ Jeff Gudman, 

C. R. Snowden 

McMlnnville/ June B.Tim 

Portland/ Wm. D. Schaub 

Talent/ Lawrence Montello 

Veneta/ Joe Cannon 

CCH3.03(rev)

15065 Natrons Hta./ Norman R. Hnsh 

152— Pittsburgh/ Peter N. Flocos, 

Dr.I.W.Goldfarb, Mary 0. Reisler, 

Sfmuel B. Shapiro 

15632 Export/ Kenneth R. fitch 

16507 Brie/ Forrest C. Mlschler 

16801 State College/ Am.Phil.Society 

17022 Elicabethtown/ Lily B. Grimm 

17105 Harrisburg/ Britlah Heritage 

17363 Stewartatwn/ Reginald B.Geaaill 

17368 Wrightsvle/ Ronald C. Kohr, Jr. 

17815 Bloomsburg/ Curtis H. Vickera 

18042 Enston/ Richard A. Rampulla 

18054 Green Lane/ John A. Utz 

18644 Wyoming/ George H. Trewern 

pmno RICO 

Mayaguez/ James B. McCandleaa 

Columbia/ Ellene Haimond 

Ft.Jackan/ Dave Lounsbury 

Pierre/ Pntricin Si 

37064 Franklin/ William Da Priest, 

Ronnld S. Ligon 

37115 Madison/ Dennia Johnson 

37133 Murfreeaboro/ J.D. Marshall 

372— Naahville/ Donald Bathrick Jr, 

Dudley C.Fort, Richard R.Knight, 

Oacar B.Hofstetter, 

Calvin R. Pastors (continued ) 

Henry R. Altick, OR,MR 

Barl J. Behnke, Jr. 

Ralph D. Churchill 

Henry C. Coke 

Charles T. Frazler 

Joaeph L. Goldatein 

mmsTLVUlIA (postal cad* order) 

18704 Kingston/ Marc L. Holtzman 

19008 Broo.aH/ Phyllis Ruoff 

19038 Olenaide/ Craig De Bernardin 

19041 Haverford/ Thorns C. Deas, Jr., 

Bdwin Rothmnn 

19050 Lanadowne/ John F. Baesch 

19087 Radnor/ Daniel J. Lenehan 

19096 Wynewood/ Gilbert R. Pettibone 

191— Philadelphia/ Paul Blanchard, 

Robert DePue Brown, Marc R. Heas, 

James C. Humes, Michael J. Sheehan, 

Bernard Wojciechowski 

19301 Paoli/ Jania Calvo 

19341 Bxton/ Richard H. Durham 

19342 Glen Mills/ Donald J. Kasper 

SOOTH CAROLINA 

Greenvle/ David Plowden, 

Dr. Marvin J. Short 

RRO0I ISLAND 

Pawtucket/ Benton H. Rosen 

Hilton Head/ John Samel 

Spartanburg/ AMOS Workman 

BOOTH DAKOTA 

ide Sioux Falls/ Roas S. Fenn 

(postal coda order) 

372-Nashville cont'd/ Carl Pastors, 

Brian T. Sinclair-Whitely, 

Marion F. Thomaa, John B. Thoaiaon 

THAI - DALLAS 

Barbara B. R. Hegel 

Michael W. Huddleston 

Tex Lezar 

G. C. McGill 

William P. Murchison 

Jack W. Mynett 

37355 Manchester/ Walter D. Colwell 

37388 tullahoaa/ Roy B. Broster, Jr. 

37405 Chattanooga/ William H. Bowman 

37760 Jefferaon City/ Robert T. Wilson 

38344 Huntingdon/ Steve Williams 

Barl L. Nicholson 

William H. Nicholson 

Elmer E. Smalling 

Tim Timmina 

Richard P. townsend 

TIKAS (post il coda order) 

75062 Irving/ James H. Field 

76902 San Angelo/ William A. Buche, 

75075 Piano/ Charlotte Kurilecz 

J. Willie Johnson 

75104 Cedar Hill/ Beverly Grogan 770— Houston/ Merrill 0. Culver, 

75115 DeSoto/ Emeat Gower 

Thomas R. Kain, J. Leonard Irving, 

75601 Longvlew/ William J. Frltts Doris B. Leifeste, William W. Walker, 

7601- Arlington/ Norma Burks, 

David W. Yeary 

Bonnie J. Burson, Richard M. Flatt, 77375 Tomball/ Don W. Scott 

Guy B. Garner, David T. Hill, 77546 Friendswood/ Brian Hardy 

Burvin Hines, Arthur C. lowing, 77549 Missouri City/ Gerald M. Reed 

David A. Sampson, 

77710 Beaumont/ Robert C. Jeffrey 

Gregory C. Schadt, Randy Stevenson 78228 San Antonio/ Guy Rudea 

76051 Grapevine/ Gordon M. Nettleton 78403 Corpua Christi/ Bdwin A. Durham 

761- Fort Worth/ Richad D. Steed, 78501 McAllen/Ray Moore, C.Davia Rankin 

Stephen P.Christie, Robert S.Travis 787— Austin/ J. Bruce Bennett, 

76255 Nocona/ Jack A. McGaughey 

D. R. Bustion 

UTAH 

Salt Lake City/ Robert S. Campbell, Jr. 

Falls/ Duane Whitehead 

Alexandria/ Wm.T. Spencer, 

Michael M. Stanio 

Annandale/ Robt Rosenblatt 

Arlington/ Marcla F. Rachy 

Bellevue/ W.F.Robinson Jr 

Bothell/ R.G.Chamberlain, 

Bdwnrd L. Moore 

White River Junction/ Douglas R. Symmes 

VIROINIA 

Arlngtn/ Wm. Thornberry Fairfax/ Hillel Samisch 

Bluemont/ Peter K. Monk Harriaonburg/Roger Ford 

Crewe/ Larry Williamson Lexington/Adorn T.Pantaze 

Fairfax/ Stephen Kappea Vienna/ Geo.Griffenhagen 

WASHIMROK 

Kent/ Jeffrey P. Davis 

Kirkland/ 

Tommle Lou Cochrane 

Kirkland/ Kirby Wilbur 

Seattle/ Alexis Alvey 

Vancouver/ Carl F. Koch 

MIST VIBGINIA 

Charleston/ Marston Becker Spencer/ Fred H. Hardman 

Parkersburg/ Robert Reilley Weirton/ J. T. Thosipson 

Welch/ David H. Corcoran 

Beloit/ Janet Eaaland 

Cedarburg/ Glenn F. Jonas 

Deforest/ Alan J. Harvey 

B.Claire/Max P.Schoenfeld 

WORLD— WIDE 

BAHAMAS Blruthera, 

Hatchet Bay/ Russell W. Wiley; 

Nassau/ Michael Lloyd 

COSTA RICA San Jose/ Marvin Soiaaln 

DENMARK Havdrup/ Rans Nydam Buch 

Copenhagen/ Per Cock-Clausen 

DU.ANTILLRS St.Martin/ Chris Coombs 

FRANCE Epernay/ Christian Pol-Roger 

Lyon/ Laurent Benchemoun 

Roquebrune.Cap Martin/ Wendy Reves 

GERMANY W.Berlin/ Michael Segal 

GREECE Athens/ Nicholas 0. Xoutsos 

ISRABL Menashe/ Hillel Schnapa; 

Rishon Le-Zion/ Shmuel Rotem 

ITALY Cremona/ Luca Del Monte 

WISCONSIN 

Madison/ Lnmont C.Colucci 

Milwaukee/ Wm. P. Straub 

New Berlin/ Don Arnston, 

John J. Merek 

Silver Lake/ 

Paul Konlcek 

Wisconsin Rapids/ 

Henry W. Bennett 

JAMAICA Kingston/ H. Aubrey Fraser 

NEW ZEALAND Auckland/ R.Barry Collins; 

Wadebridge/ The Rt. Hon. 

Sir John Marshall, GBB, CH, PC 

SINGAPORE/ Leonard Sebastian 

SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town/ P.V.Milla, 

W.B. Symes; Crsighill/ J.R. Loudon; 

Houghton/ Dr. L. Stein; 

Port EHzsbeth/ Elisabeth Layton Nel; 

Rondebosch/ J. 0. Coull 

SPAIN Malaga/ Ronald I. Golding 

SWBDBN Oavle/ Sture Wennerberg; 

Varberg/ Per Starefors, Olof Svanberg 

SWITZERLAND Zurich/ Dr.R.J.Schneebeli, 

Schewiz. Winaton Churchill Sliftung 

CCH3.04(rev) 

CHURCH! LI. LITERARY FOUNDATION 

Established by the International Churchill Society in 1985, the Foundation 

serves to nature continued access, by students, scholars and libraries, to all 

worka by and about Sir Winston Churchill. The Foundation has set five goals: 

1. Encouraging republication of out-of-print books by Churchill. (By 1988, 

at least eight long-out-of-print works had been planned for reissue.) 

2. Encouraging publication of crucial works about Churchill. (By 1988, the 

Foundation had raised the full cost of ten 1940-65 "Companion Volumea" of the 

Official Biography, previously unscheduled, with Martin Gilbert as editor.) 

3. Creating a bequest department by which fine Churchill book collectiona 

may be channeled to needy libraries and universities per donors' Instructions. 

4. An "electronic edition" of all Churchill written and spoken words, using 

CD Rom technology, for instant indexing and referral. (Project now underway.) 

5. Publishing important monographa, speeches and studies. (Three were published 

through 1987, two more are to follow during 1988.) 

Contributions to the Churchill Literary Foundation are tax-deductible by 

Canadian and American citizens. For further information contnet the Executive 

Director, Churchill Literary Foundation, Box 385, Contoocook NH 03229 USA. 

HONORARY MEMBERS 

The Board of Directors of the Society awards honorary memberships to persons 

who have made a eignificant contribution to the life of Sir Winston 

Churchill, to the study of his career, or to the Society. Twenty-two Honorary 

Members have been named aince 1968: 

The Marqueaa of Bath 

The Baroneaa Clementine Spencer-Churchill of Chartwell* 

Randolph S. Churchill, M.B.E.* 

Winaton S. Churchill, M.P. 

Sir John Colvilie, C.B., C.V.O.t 

Hurt in Gilbert, M.A. 

Grace Hamblin, O.B.S. 

Robert Hardy, C.B.F. 

Governor the Honorable W. Averell Harriman* 

Jamea Calhoun Humea 

Mnry Coyne JacJman, B.A., B.litt.S. 

Yousuf Karah, O. C. 

The Duke of Marlborough, D.L., J.P. 

Sir John Martin, K.C.M.G., C.B., C.V.O. 

Anthony Montague Brotme, C.B.E., D.F.C. 

The Sari Mountbatten of Burma, K.G., P.C., G.C.V.O., B.S.O.t 

Oacar ftemon * 

Dal ton Newfleld* 

The Rt. Hon. The Lord Soamea, O.C.M.O., O.C.V.O., C.H., C.B.E.* 

The Lady Soomea, D.B.B, 

The Rt. Hon. The Barl of Stockton, O.M.* 

The Hon. Caspar W. Weinberger, K.B.E. 

tdeceaaed 

MATRONS OF THE SOCIETY 

Since 1971 ICS haa named two Honorary Membera as Patrons of the Society. 

While never trying to define too closely this role, we send Board correspondence 

to and regular conault our Patron, on all aspects of Society policy; 

The Rarl Mountbatten of Burma (1971-1979) 

The Lady Soamea (1986-date) 

THE BLENHEIM AWARD 

The Board of Directors have authorized the Blenheim Award aa a special 

recognition of those individuals who have notably contributed to the International 

Churchill Society, either by service aa an officer, director or 

editor, or by dignifying Society meetings by their presence as guest speakera. 

The Blenheim Award conaiata of a gold plated Churchill commemorative coin 

mounted in a suitably inscribed black lucite plinthe. The recipients since the 

Award was implemented in 1982, in the order received, are: 

The lady Soamea, B.B.S. (1983) 

Sir John Colvilie, C.B., C.V.O. (1983) 

Richard M. langtmrth (1984) 

Martin I Suaie Gilbert (198S) 

Winaton S. Churchill, M.P. (1985) 

Anthony Montague Brome, C.S.S., D.F.C. (1985) 

The Hon. Caaper W. Weinberger (1985) 

William Manchester (1986) 

Robert Hardy, C.B.S. (1987) 

THE EMERY REVES AWARD 

Named in honor of the memory of Emery Reves—whose Cooperation Publishing 

Company syndicated Sir Winston Churchill's srticles before the Second World 

War, and waa responsible for publication of THE SECOND WORLD WAR and other 

works outside Britain after the war—the Revea Award was first presented at 

the Dallas International Convention in 1987. Consisting of an Oacar Neuron 

"Alvastone" bust of Churchill mounted on a plinthe with a auitably engraved 

plaque, the Revea Award ia given periodically to authors who exhibit superior 

work in writing about Churchill's life and times, and/or applying Sir 

Wlnaton's thought to contemporary policy of the Bnglish-Speaking democracies. 

The firat Emery Reves Award waa presented by Mrs. Wendy Russell Reves 

personally at Dallas to the Honorsble James Courter, USHR, for his book, 

DBFBNDING DBMOCRACY. 

ANNUAL GENERAL MEKTINC3S 

Fulton, Mo., USA: Churchill Memorial * library, October 1982 

London, England: The Weatmoreland Rote], May 1983 

Toronto, Ont., Canada: The King Jamea, November 1984 

Boaton, Maaa. USA: The Parker Houae, November 1985 

Vancouver, BC, Canada: ffarbouraide Holiday Inn, October 1986 

Dallas, Tex., USA: The Adolphua, October 1987 

Bretton Woods, NH, USA: The Mount Waahington, Auguat 1988 

London, England: Auguat 1989

NAURU 

NORFOLK ISLAND 

COCOS (KEELING^ 

ISLANDS 

PAPUA AND 

•lift '. J "ifi 

1 I' i.ikrl * : 

We reprint the late Dal Newfield's piece 

from Finest Hour 22, partly because it is so 

interesting, and partly to inspire philatelists to 

construct their own Churchill "stories in 

stamps," and loan us the stamps and connective 

words for like articles in this space. "C-Rs" give 

a new dimension to a collection. 

Anzac Philately: Aussies, Kiwis, Newfoundlanders Remembered 

THE Dardanelles campaign was 

one of Churchill's persistent dead 

cats; a scapegoat for the abortive naval 

attack and subsequent landings on 

Gallipoli was needed, and Winston 

filled the bill handily. 

Strategically, as Attlee would later 

comment, it was perhaps the only imaginary 

concept of the Great War — 

had Churchill the supreme authority 

necessary to follow-through, timid admirals 

and generals could have been 

forced to proceed, and to win. (At the 

time the initial naval engagement with 

the Dardanelles forts was broken off by 

the British admiral, the Turks had only 

a score of rounds left.) 

Gallipoli was an especially sad story 

for the Anzacs (Australia and New 

Zealand Army Corps), who bore much 

of the Empire's losses on Gallipoli, attacked 

against odds that might have 

been overcome. The difference between 

victory and defeat lay in the ability of a 

young Turkish colonel named 

Mustapha Kernel to divine Sir Ian 

Hamilton's every move and, by sheer 

miracles of leadership, to move the 

disorganized, dispirited and underarmed 

Turks into exactly the right spot 

to frustrate Hamilton's strategy and 

tactics. Kernel later became Ataturk 

("Father Turk"); he was destined to 

BY DALTON NEWFIELD 

lead his country into the 20th century. 

On the 50th anniversary of the Anzac 

campaign a mini-omnibus stamp 

issue centered around the statue, 

"Simpson and his Donkey," at the 

Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne. 

(Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick 

saved the lives of many wounded 

soldiers.) These and other appropriate 

Gallipoli commemoratives are shown 

here. Australia's three-stamp issue was 

accompanied by one stamp each from 

the Australian area islands, Nauru, 

Norfolk, Cocos and Christmas, and 

the then-colony of Papua and New 

Guinea. Together, they make an attractive 

page of C-R (Churchill- 

Related) Stamps. 

In 1919 Newfoundland issued a set in 

commemoration of her WW1 activities. 

Eight are labeled "Trail of the 

Caribou," and commemorate land battles. 

The 1* value is subtitled "Suvla 

Bay," for the scene of a bloody series of 

actions on Gallipoli. Four of the set are 

labeled "Royal Naval Reserve" and the 

subtitle on each is "Ubique," which 

means "Everywhere." All four are C-Rs 

— not only because the RNR fought at 

the Dardanelles, but because Churchill 

was First Lord at the time. 

Turkey (Scott 434, SG 762) shows a 

17 

soldier on guard beside a huge armorpiercing 

artillery shell of the type used 

against naval forces, probably a 

Gallipoli scene. Then, too, there is a 

Turkish soldier bidding his family 

farewell on Scott B46, SG 766. If you 

think he is leaving for Gallipoli, you 

can consider him a C-R also. 

In 1936 New Zealand issued a twovalue 

set showing a soldier at Anzac 

Cove. This is Scott SP8-9, SG 591-92, 

and commemorates the 21st anniversary 

of the battle. 

Reaching a bit further, some collectors 

might view as C-Rs Newfoundland's 

stamps illustrating war 

monuments (Scott 133, 143, 153, SG 

130, 161, 172). When looking these up, 

note that Scott 143, SG 161, shows 

Placentia Bay. This was the scene of 

WSC's Atlantic Charter meeting with 

Roosevelt; Churchill went ashore for a 

bit of relaxation in a small boat, with 

his bodyguard, Inspector W.H. 

Thompson — so this must be a "C-R." 

Finally, returning to the "Trail of the 

Caribou" set, the 24* value is subtitled 

"Cambrai." As this is the site of the 

first great tank battle in history, and 

considering Churchill's role in the 

development of the tank, I would certainly 

want this one in my C-R collection. 

•

Paintings: Banff's Bunkers 

An Amusing Catalogue Correction 

BY DEREK LUKIN JOHNSTON 

Bow River from Banff, 1929, Coombs #89, 14x20" 

Lake Louise, 1929, Coombs #91, 14x20" 

SOME ten years ago, on a visit to 

Chartwell, I noticed in a corner 

of the Studio two paintings by Winston 

Churchill, both labelled "In the 

Dolomites, c. 1926." Both were immediately 

recognisable to me as scenes 

in the Canadian Rockies. The first 

reproduced here is of the Bow River 

seen from the Banff Springs Hotel: in 

the background are three unmistakable 

peaks, towards which the river 

meanders, with a golf course laid out 

along its right bank. I knew the scene 

well, as I had been to several conventions 

in the hotel and had played some 

very bad golf there. 

I determined to ask that the 

catalogue be changed; but of course my 

unsupported word would not do, and I 

had to prove my case. This took time 

and research, which included obtaining 

a coloured postcard of the same view, 

consulting Vol. V of Martin Gilbert's 

biography, and finding a chance 

newspaper article stating flatly that, 

during his triumphal tour of Canada in 

1929, in company with his brother Jack 

and their sons Randolph and John, 

Churchill had indeed gone out on the 

terrace of the Banff Springs Hotel to 

paint the scene. 

But I like to think that what really 

clinched the matter was when I said to 

Grace Hamblin, then Administrator of 

Chartwell, "Look, Miss Hamblin, Sir 

Winston even painted in the bunkers 

on the golf course. I know those 

bunkers — I've been in every one of 

them!" 

The small printed catalogues in the 

Studio have been changed to read, correctly, 

"Banff, Alberta, 1929" and 

"Lake Louise, Alberta, 1929" • 

18

It Is Not Too Late To Register . . . 

Alistair Cooke, Gov. Sununu to Address Churchill Society 

20th Anniversary ICS Convention, Bretton Woods, NH, August 27-28th 

There is Still Time to Register But Telephone Now: (603) 746-4433. 

Alistair Cooke, best known in Britain as author of the 

BBC "Letter From America" and in North America as host 

of PBS Television's "Masterpiece Theatre," is keynote 

speaker at The Mount Washington at Bretton Woods on 

Saturday August 27th. The second of two black tie banquets, 

on Sunday, will be addressed by New Hampshire 

Governor John Sununu. The event is the Churchill 

Society's 20th Anniversary Convention, and the 25th 

Anniversary of Sir Winston's American citizenship. 

At the writing (20 May), over 90 people have responded 

to our mailings, which virtually "locks up" the events as a 

sure think — but since only 50 rooms are being held for ICS 

at discount rates, The Mount Washington is filling up fast. 

If you have been holding off, or thought the deadline had 

passed, think again! But do ring us right away at (603) 

746-4433, weekdays 9AM-5PM for latest booking information 

and assistance. 

Because of the splendid location and resort nature of this 

famous hotel, we have purposely kept daytime convention 

activities to a minimum. The main one is a Sunday symposium, 

with papers delivered by distinguished academics 

on the state of Churchill Scholarship today: Dr. Raymond 

Callahan of the University of Delaware ("Churchill/Retreat 

From Empire"); Dr. Ted Wilson of Kansas State University 

("The First Summit/Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia 

Bay"), and Dr. Maxwell P. Schoenfeld of the University of 

Wisconsin ("The War Ministry of Winston S. Churchill"). 

This panel is chaired by Prof. Hal Elliott Wert, Dean of 

Kansas City Art Institute, and will be open for floor comment 

and debate as papers are presented. 

On display all weekend is the Donald S. Carmichael collection 

of inscribed Churchill first editions, commemorative 

brass and china, and various possessions of and paintings by 

Sir Winston (see also Finest Hour 52). Both formal banquets 

will be preceded by receptions, and will terminate early 

enough to allow you ample time to meet our guests. Entertainment 

planned includes "Music of the Forties," a selec- 

One of the world's Grand Hotels, the 

Mount Washington offers special ICS discount rates. 

tion of WSC's favorite songs, and national anthems following 

toasts to the President, the Queen, Canada, Australia 

and New Zealand. 

Prices are $109 per person per day (based on double 

occupancy, $139 single) which includes full breakfasts and 

dinners (banquet dinners on the weekend), and which is 

offered exclusively to ICS members for any days from 26 

August through 1 September. Registration: $55 per person, 

to cover our guest expenses and overheads. 

Queen of the White Mountains, The Mount Washington 

offers a 90-year tradition of elegance and service in a 

magnificent location, and a host of leisurely pursuits: golf, 

horseback riding, fishing, hiking, tennis, indoor and outdoor 

pools, a full children's program. 

This is the last call! Call today to be part of it. • 

19

DALTON NEWFIELD 

"An essay into the field of Churchill 

reading material that might be of more interest 

and use than reviews, this is a column 

that YOU can contribute to easily." Thus 

wrote the late Dalton Newfield, editor, in 

FINEST HOUR 31, from which these 

notes are reprinted. If you find them interesting, 

help us keep them going! Send 

your notes, comments and opinions of 

books by and about Winston Churchill to 

the editor. 

Have you noticed that almost every 

book collection which goes beyond 

Churchill himself has England Under 

Queen Anne/Blenheim, by Trevelyn — 

but almost none have the companion 

Ramillies and the Union With Scotland, 

equally Churchill-related? . . . Delighted 

to find Famous American 

Belles of the Nineteenth Century, V.T. 

Peacock, Lippincott, 1901, with a 

chapter and picture of Jennie Jerome. It 

is very nicely bound . . . Tom Thomas 

reports The Reminiscences of Lady Randolph 

Churchill, Mrs. George 

Cornwallis-West, was reprinted by 

Cedric Chivers, 1973 . . . Centenaryyear 

publications: Winston Churchill by 

Elizabeth Longford, a pictorial biography 

with foreword by Eden, afterword 

by Winston S. Churchill, MP . . . 

Winston Churchill, Henry Pelling, 724 

pages including 79 pp of indices and 

notes, is still generally regarded as the 

best single-volume biography . . . Likewise, 

Churchill/A Photographic Portrait, 

Martin Gilbert, with 364 pages of 

photos and cartoons, remains the 

best overall photo-documentary . . . 

Winston S. Churchill/His Complete 

Speeches 1897-1963, edited by Robert 

Rhodes James, 8 volumes (Chelsea 

House/Bowker) was said to be "absolutely 

complete" but wasn't — key 

passages were edited including some of 

the most famous. 

Delightful discovery: War Impressions 

by the artist Mortimer Menpes, 1901, 

contains 99 watercolors of Boer War 

scenes and portraits of British leaders 

and personalities, two pictures of WSC, 

plus several pages of text, and one of 

Sunny Marlborough . . . The Great 

Boer War, Arthur Conan Doyle, 1900, 

has three WSC mentions including a 

description of the Armoured Train Incident. 

Doyle was an Army doctor and 

Three years ago we predicted in these pages that values of American first 

edition postwar speech books were destined to rise dramatically. They have 

since appreciated by at least 400% — especially in fine, jacketed condition. 

Bear in mind the press runs: Sinews of Peace 3000 copies, Europe Unite 2500, 

In The Balance 2000 and Stemming The Tide only 1850. There were no later 

impressions. Going, going . . . 

Menpes' book has a number of pages 

on him as a dedicated medico . . . 

Another unusual acquisition: True 

Remembrances, Philip Tilden, 1954. 

Tilden was Churchill's architect when 

Chartwell was rebuilt. No Churchill 

when it comes to writing (he wanders), 

but there are Chartwell insights that 

deserve shelf-space . . . Tom Thomas 

reports Battles of the Boer War, W.B. 

Pemberton, 1964, was republished 1974 

as a Pan Books "British Battle Series" 

paperback. Mention of WSC, of course 

. . . Also, TT recommends two books 

of Fisherisms by Admiral Lord Fisher 

himself, Memories and Records, Hodder 

&. Stoughton; WSC, of course, in 

these too . . . 

"Leatherbound" does not exactly 

describe my Lives of the 'Lustrious by 

Stephen &. Lee, 1901, as it is covered 

with limp calfskin, no boards. A spoof 

of the great, it gives a pungent page to 

"CHURCHILL, WINSTON, Unknown Quantity". 

. . . How seldom we see Marlborough 

with unfaded spines! I found it 

recently in original dust jackets, spines 

immaculate, but it wasn't cheap . . . 

[There followed some remarks about 

the Woods Bibliography's current 

availability status. Like most of us, Mr. 

Newfield ran hot and cold on Woods]: 

It amazes that this work, which is by far 

the best in its field, has received such 

20 

criticism. Perhaps the critics will seek to 

improve it with their own? [Well, the 

critics are still promising.] 

After telling the bookseller I was only 

interested in Churchill, he was surprised 

when I pounced on a copy of The 

War and Colonel Warden. [Reminds me 

of how another bookseller did a 

double-take when I pounced on my 

copy of Long Adventure — Ed.] . . . 

Possibly the most beautiful of Churchill 

books, Woods D(a)5 and D(a)8, published 

by Ransohoffs and printed by 

the Grabhorn Press in San Francisco, 

were printed in limited editions of 250 

each; grab them when you see them. It 

is a tragedy that Grabhorn used "selfend" 

papers, the result being that 

almost every copy has one of two binding 

flaws front and back. Grabhorn 

should have known better — but they 

are still most desirable . . . Can anyone 

find a copy of Cawthorne's Mr. 

Speaker, Sir?. . . Was Ascalon/The Story 

of Sir Winston Churchill's War-Time 

Flights 1943-1945, Gerrard Tickell, 

H&.S, London, 1964, ever produced in 

hard cover? . . . And, if you collect 

mentions of Randolph Churchill and 

his son, don't overlook The Great 

Saharan Mouse-Hunt, Pomeroy and Collins, 

Hutchinson, London 1962; a 

comic bit on RSC and some views of 

the then-student WSC. 

•

EDITED BY BARBARA LANGWORTH 

TEST your skill and knowledge! Virtually 

all questions can be answered in back 

issues of FINEST HOUR (but it's not 

really cricket to check). Twenty-four questions 

appear in each issue, the answers in 

the following issue. 

Questions fall into six categories, which 

will enable us to develop a deck of cards for 

"Trivial Pursuit" game boards: Contemporaries 

(C), Literary (L), Miscellaneous 

(M), Personal (P), Statesmanship (S), and 

War (W). 

25. Who said, "There will be a tremendous 

literature about you. There will be 

many, many volumes." To which WSC 

replied, "I know. I wrote about 40 

myself." (C) 

26. For which American newspaper 

syndicate did Churchill write? (L) 

27. What was WSC's favorite film? (M) 

28. Who shone for Churchill "like the 

Evening Star"? (P) 

29. What was the subject of WSC's 

maiden speech? (S) 

30. What pseudonym did Churchill 

use during World War II when he 

wished to keep his name out of the 

headlines? (W) 

31. Churchill and F.E. Smith founded 

the Other Club in 1911. What was its 

primary purpose? (C) 

WHO IS THIS MAN? 

32. What book by the American 

novelist Winston Churchill is often 

confused with a book by WSC? (L) 

33. Where did WSC and Lady Churchill 

celebrate their Golden Anniversary? 

(M) 

34. Who was the artist commissioned 

by Parliament to paint WSC's 80th 

Birthday portrait? (P) 

35. What businessmen were used to 

undermine Churchill's campaign 

against Dominion status in India? (S) 

36. Who told Churchill, "I will fight in 

front of Paris, I will fight in Paris, I will 

fight behind Paris"? (W) 

37. What rumor did Brendan Bracken 

encourage? (C) 

38. What is another title for M;y Early 

Life? (L) 

39. What greeting did the Churchills 

use to each other instead of "hello"? 

(M) 

40. What was Churchill's best subject 

in school? (P) 

41. What was (is) Tonypandy? (S) 

42. "A bright [what?] has caught the 

helmets of our soldiers ..." (W) 

Gaze intently at the 

four central dots for 

not less than 60 

seconds, then stare 

hard at any plain surface 

for 30 seconds or 

longer. 

L.L. THOMAS COLLECTION 

43. Who was WSC's Best Man at his 

wedding? (C) 

44. Where and when did tAarlborough 

make its first appearance in print? (L) 

45. Where and when did Churchill 

first take up the paintbrush? (M) 

46. What was the name of the Reves' 

villa where WSC visited? (P) 

47. When did WSC call the idea of war 

between Britain and Germany "nonsense"? 

(S) 

48. What nation "suffered in every 

respect by her association with the 

Western democracies"? (W) 

ANSWERS TO LAST ISSUE'S 

QUESTIONS 

1. F.E. Smith, later Lord Birkenhead. 

2. The World Crisis. 

3. Three: the first Sir Winston, father 

of the 1st Duke of Marlborough; 

WSC; his grandson Winston S. 

Churchill, MP. 

4. WSC was 57. (It was 1931). 

5. "A dark gulf." 

6. 1942. 

7. Frederick A. Lindemann, Oxford 

professor of Physics. 

8. In 1932 

9. Lady Churchill destroyed it. 

10. Rob Roy. 

11. WSC was 32. 

12. In Carthage. 

13. Prime Minister Ramsay Mac- 

Donald. 

14. Napoleon. 

15. "Fiel Pero Desdichado" (Faithful 

But Unfortunate). 

16. Lead soldiers. 

17. Three: 1940 Coalition, May 1945 

Caretaker Govt., 1951 Conservative. 

18. Coronel, off Chile, 1914. 

19. Bessie Braddock, MP. 

20. Savrola, published in magazine 

serial form before his first book. 

21. Colombia, 1945 

22. "Mad Dogs and Englishmen." 

23. "The Hughligans," after Lord Hugh 

Cecil. 

24. "Much." D 

21

Churchill in Stamps 

BY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH 

PAGES 91-96: IRELAND, DEFEAT AND CHARTWELL 

The 1922-24 period represents the only interregnum in Churchill's 

six-decade Parliamentary career, but it contained key 

events in his life, notably the acqusition of Chartwell — a subject 

where actual Churchill commemoratives finally assert 

themselves! Catalogue numbers are Scott (#) and Gibbons (sg). 

We also refer to Minkus. A slashmark (/) means a Churchillrelated 

(C-R) set from which any stamp may be used. 

91. We complete coverage of the Irish Treaty period with an Irish 

label showing Collins and Griffith — Irish patriots whom Churchill 

successfully brought into negotiation, yet who've never appeared 

on an Irish stamp. Illustrating the rebels is Ireland #120. 

Overprints from Ireland #1/7 declare "Saorstat Eireann" (Irish 

Free State), 1922. St. Vincent #389 (sg 403) shows WSC in 

1940, but the image is close enough. 

92. More Churchill commemoratives are Grenada #571-72 (sg 

637-38); again it's an older Churchill, but as we move into the 

1920s the likeness becomes more and more appropriate. This is 

the period of WSC's famous interchange with Bernard Shaw 

(Czechoslovakia #1584, sg 1785); his friendship with Charlie 

Chaplin (Czechoslovakia #1588, sg 1789); and his regular 

presence at Monte Carlo (Monaco #44/6, sg ?). 

93. At last some Churchill commemoratives become useful. In 

1922 WSC bought Chartwell, shown here on Cook Islands #419 

(sg 508), Anguilla #198 (sg 186), Barbuda sg 204 (Minkus 201) 

and St. Christopher #291 (sg 308). The Anguilla issue is the best 

illustration of ChartwelFs facade after its conversion from a vinecovered 

Victorian monstrosity by architect Philip Tilden. Cook 

Islands shows a more private aspect, looking up from the area of 

the swimming pool. 

94.1 could have introduced painting in 1915, since Churchill took 

it up that year at Hoe Farm, but I held back because all WSC 

commemoratives show an older Churchill at the easel. Among 

these are Gilbert & Ellice Islands #235 (sg 241), Haiti #603 (sg 

1113) and Dominica #409 (sg 438), although Dominica has him 

at Marrakesh, but never mind! Aden Kathiri sg 97 (Minkus 98) is 

a Churchill still life of Chartwell flowers. Great artists who influenced 

Churchill's style include Cezanne (France #370, sg 

636), and Picasso (Czechoslovakia #1586, sg 1787). The Czech 

set, #1582-86 (sg 1783-89) is indispensible C-R material! 

95. More painting-related Churchill commemoratives — there 

are so many, in fact, that I took to quoting from Painting as a 

Pastime to create enough pages to hold them all. These include 

Khor Fakkan (Minkus 69), Grenada #279 (sg 294), Aitutaki #113 

(sg 139) and Brunei #192 (sg 202). 

96. And on and on! Here Churchill the artist is portrayed by Aden 

Kathiri #92 and #99 (sg 91 and 98), Upper Volta #350 (sg ?) and 

Umm al Qiwain sg 64 (Minkus 65). All this stuff is of the infamous 

"sand dune" variety, wallpaper that never or rarely saw 

use as postage, roundly despised by collectors. Still, these pretty 

frauds make for an interesting page. 

a continuing series 

91 

92 

ASCENDANCY 

CHURCHILL AND IRELAND 

WSC had never been an Imperialist about Ireland, and as Colonial 

Secretary he spilled over constantly into other people's business, 

including Ireland. It was largely through Churchill that 

the compromises were worked out that established two Irelands: 

a Catholic South and a protestant Ulster. Churchill didn't like 

it—but both aides were immovable. It was the best he could do. 

WSC worked 

closely with 

Irish Free 

State leaders 

Michael Collins 

and Arthur 

Griffith. They 

settled for 

a provisional 

government 

(1922 British 

stamp overprinted 

in 

Gaelllc) and 

this became 

the Irish 

Free State 

(new overprint 

in 

1923). 

The Collins- 

Griffith 

"stamp" is 

only a label; 

Eire 

has not 

issued 

stamps for 

these two 

patriots 

who settled 

for independence 

within the 

Commonwealth 

instead of 

anarchy. 

ASCENDANCY 

"CHUKCHILL OUT!" 

....the newspapers headlined (many of them with glee), when WSC 

lost his "seat for life," Dundee, in 1922. He ran several times 

and lost before winning Epping, later Woodford, which he would 

represent for over 40 years. Out of office he worked on his WW1 

memoirs, THE WORLD CRISIS, and spent holidays In the sun. 

He gambled 

with mixed 

success at 

Monte Carlo, 

met and liked 

Charlie Chaplin 

and sparred 

with his 

friend George 

Bernard Shaw. 

Sending WSC 

two tickets 

to a new play 

Shaw wrote, 

"Come to the 

premiere and 

bring a 

friend—if 

you have one. 

WSC wrote 

back, "Can't 

make the premiere 

but 

will come on 

'•A'.f second 

nlKht—if 

"huire is one.

ASCENDANCY 

ASCENDANCY 

CHARTWELL 

"PAINTING AS A PASTIME" 

The Churchills bought their commodius home, near Westerham, 

Kent, in 1922. Chartwell became the bustling work center for 

WSC when he was out of power in the Thirties. He wrote a number 

of books, painted ceaselessly, built several brick walls, a 

swimming pool and part of two cottages on his grounds 

...was the title of a two-part essay Churchill published in 

the Strand magazine in 1921-22. Ten years later he restated 

his philosophy in a larger work, "Amid These Storms." His 

original essay was later excerpted and published independently 

with photographs of several of his paintings. Eventually he 

was given the title of Honorary Academician Extraordinary 

by the Royal Academy, where he exhibited beginning in 1947. 

A set of 

views of 

Chartwell 

Originally WSC 

exhibited at 

the Academy 

under the name 

of Mr. Winter. 

When the secret 

was out, he 

began using his 

own name. 

93 

95 

He was most 

generous in 

giving paintings 

away as gifts 

and disclaimed 

a professional 

status. 

Strolling 

by one of 

Chartwell' 

ponds 

It is believed 

that this 

prolific 

and good artist 

painted 518 

pictures during 

his lifetime. 

ASCENDANCY 

ASCENDANCY 

THE JOY OF PAINTING 

But most of all, Churchill painted. He had taken up the hobby in 

1915, after being forced from the Admiralty, and once interested 

he attached each canvas with his customary vigor. He had turned 

out over 500 paintings before he died, most of them in oil, and 

few portraits. "A tree," he said, "doesn't complain if I don't 

do it Justice." 

ATTACKING THE CANVAS 

"I write no word in disparagement of water colours, but there 

is really nothing like oils. You have a medium at your disposal 

which offers real power, if you can only find out how to use it. 

You can correct mistakes more easily. One sweep of the palette 

knife lifts the blood and tears of a morning from a canvas and 

enables a fresh start to be made..." 

94 

Churchill's 

style was 

c ompared to 

that of 

Cezanne; none 

other than 

Pablo Picasso 

said he could 

be a great 

artist if he 

applied himself 

to it 

fully. But 

to WSC it 

remained only 

a pastime. 

96 

Churchill 

painted between 

important 

conferences, 

during lunch, 

whenever he 

could find the 

time. One long 

exception was 

World War II, 

when he painted 

only one picture, 

and that 

a gift for a 

colleague. 

Exhibiting in 

Paris in 1920 

under the name 

Charles Moren, 

WSC sold four 

watercolors 

for $200 each. 

He couldn't 

have been badi 

If his time at 

a site would 

be limited he 

would have a 

photograph 

taken, sketch 

in the main 

details, and 

complete the 

work later in 

his studio. 

23

Francis Neilson: The First Revisionist 

Stanley Smith Examines the Neilson Case 

Against WSC and The Hinge of Fate. 

IN The Hinge of Fate, the fourth volume of his war 

memoirs, Winston Churchill narrates the events of 1942, 

the most terrible year of the war, and the most successful efforts 

following the victory of El Alamein. The first half of 

the book focuses on the powerful sweep of Japanese forces 

through British and European possessions in the Far East. 

Rommel's counterattack in the North African desert, and 

the political repercussions from the military disasters, are 

also described. The second half of the book tells of the hammering 

out of a unified Allied strategy and the liberation of 

North Africa. 

In his review of the work, Francis Neilson, in now familiar 

style, claps hand to brow, wonders how the Alliance ever 

managed to survive under such incompetent leadership, and 

puts the Allies on the same moral level with the Axis. 

It is an unusual pleasure to see Neilson "give the devil his 

due" in his introductory section by complimenting Churchill 

on his enormous literary output, his personal courage, 

and his tenacity of purpose. Even in his first paragraph, 

however, he commits what may be called Neilson's Fundamental 

Fallacy, because it recurs so often, He scolds 

Churchill for not rendering a complete history of the period 

despite Churchill's description of his memoirs not as 

history, but as "a contribution to history." Many of 

Neilson's criticisms throughout his series of reviews are 

made irrelevant at best by this error, though naturally he 

does not hesitate to refer the reader to his own book to "fill 

in the yawning gaps." 

Neilson's discussion of Churchill's moral dilemma on the 

questions of Soviet occupation of the Baltic states contains a 

number of pertinent truisms, but it goes too far in implying 

that Churchill cast aside moral inhibitions upon the 

declaration of war. The higher moral cause was that of 

defeating Nazi Germany, and when occasionally Churchill's 

wishes on that effort had to accommodate hard necessity, 

such as accommodation did not reflect on his moral sense. 

Neilson's section of Pantelleria and North Africa smacks 

strongly of the armchair strategist, enjoying 20/20 hindsight. 

Had the capture — and continued control — of the 

island been as simple and decisive as he intimates, it undoubtedly 

would have been done. But circumstance, and 

the deliberations of those in positions of responsibility, 

determined a different course of action. 

From the standpoint of the time, igniting Allied resistance 

in the Balkans was strategically much more promising than 

taking Pantelleria. Churchill had long been intrigued by the 

possibility of reaching Nazi central Europe through the 

Balkans. Things often go wrong in war, and the Greek and 

Balkan campaigns went wrong in the face of overwhelming 

PART FOUR OF A SERIES 

24 

force. The subsequent weakening of Mediterranean forces 

was the price of the gamble. 

Churchill and Neilson agree that Churchill should have 

been better informed, by one means or another, on the state 

of the military defenses at Singapore. Neilson lays much of 

the blame on Churchill's supposed attempts to control 

every aspect of the fighting. While it is well known that the 

British have traditionally kept their commanders on a much 

shorter leash than have the Americans, an inspection of the 

messages exchanged during the crisis of Singapore shows 

that any claim that Churchill tried to control every detail is 

false. It is incidentally amusing to see Neilson the correspondent 

reciting war maxims to a man of Churchill's experience. 

The attack on Pearl Harbor did indeed complicate Imperial 

relations, particularly with Australia. Curtin was 

then personally and politically distasteful to Churchill, 

which did not ease official relations. The correspondence 

between the two reprinted in the book shows excellent examples 

of cold fury in language that is sometimes 

diplomatic, often blunt. 

In an extreme and ridiculous section, Neilson labels as 

"aggression" the liberation of North Africa and denies any 

distinction between the Nazi conquest of central Europe 

and the breaking of the Nazi grip in the French possessions. 

Few would deny that Vichy France was essentially a puppet 

state under Hitler, and yet Neilson takes the contrary for 

granted, not even condescending to argue the point. 

It hardly seems consistent, morever, to find Neilson in the 

very next section calling Allied dealings with Darlan 

"disgraceful." Apparently, as far as Neilson was concerned, 

to use force in possessions of Vichy France was a crime, but 

to act in cooperation with Vichy leaders, even to save many 

lives, was no better. The Allies, in his eyes, were damned if 

they did and damned if they didn't. 

In his final section, Neilson is wholly erroneous in declaring 

that "[t]he country was certainly not with [Churchill]" 

on the basis of some by-election results. He fails to make the 

enormously important distinction that most voters in 1945 

made between Churchill the war leader and the Conservative 

Party. The Conservative Party was seen by many as 

the party of Munich and a failed past. Churchill, the man 

and leader, commanded wide support and remained enormously 

popular. 

Neilson's unhappiness at the dangers of the postwar 

world, as expressed in his concluding paragraphs, can be 

shared by many of us, and was shared by Churchill. The 

passage of more than 30 years without a general war since 

the review was written may, however, allow us more 

grounds for hope than either of them felt. 

•

Postcards, Cachets on Wartime Themes 

Some Examples From the Collection of L.L. Thomas, Surrey, UK 

H &PATH*OF*D UTY-- ISvTH K-WAY 

ABOVE: Churchill and Sir Edward Grey, a 

WW1 postcard in colour, printed in 

England, not posted, ABOVE RIGHT Peaslake, 

Surrey, with WSC insert and speech quotation, 

published by Photochrom, London 

and Tunbridge Wells "by permission of the 

Prime Minister." RIGHT: An all-purpose, 

elaborate Naval card by Bells of Westcliff, 

Essex, with space for the ship's name and 

engagements to be filled in; this example 

sent to a sailor's mother at Falmouth, Cornwall, 

franked by a l/2d George V definitive 

with wavy line postmark, stamped PASSED BY 

CENSOR on 20 September 1916. BELOW: 

Brown and white "Big Three" drawing, 

copyright R. Aboulafia, Jerusalem; the verse 

is from Ecclesiastes IV: 12. On reverse, a 3 

mils Palestine stamp (Rachel's Tomb) 

postmarked Tel Aviv, 11 April 1945. The 

models for the busts were by M. Gur-Arieh. 

The "V" was, by that date, near fulfillment. 

H.M.S. MARYBOROUGH. 

The Battle of 

JUTLAND, 

CTlay 31, 1916. 

BELOW: Marshal of the RAF, Sir Arthur T. Harris, Bt. GCB, OBE, 

AFC, LLD died on 6 February 1984. Known as "Bomber," he was 

C-in-C of Bomber Command from February 1942 and instigated 

the 1000-bomber raid, but was much criticised for it later. 

RIGHT: "Bomber" Harris' signature on the RAF cover marking the 

30th Anniversary of VJ-Day. Illustrated are aircraft which have 

been in service with 101 Squadron since 12 July 1917. The 8p 

Churchill Centenary stamp franks this interesting cover. 

Flown from RAF. Wadding ton Ir 

Mfrtftfrifi So^tlo corftpming Bombing and w^v$(j3tion 4E w*y^ 3*^fS 

tow Uvot ever Ww Uatttd Kingdom and Hank Sea. 

Tots! Flight Tims: 3 hrs 40 mine. 

C»pt»iti^ Fit. It R. M. AapiJisS Co-Pilot; Fg. Off, A.N; a^dt. 

««. fUdw; FM, U F. J, £. Ctitctiiey Nav. Hoftet: Fit. U J. E. Cfark 

Ak StctrofiJc* Oftrew: Sqn. Idf. B. R. Dtsts

100-75-50-25 YEARS AGO 

EDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON 

SPRING 1888 • AGE 13 

Lord and Lady Randolph returned to 

England from a tour of Russia. His 

loyalty to the Tory Party was fragile 

and he was still greatly feared by 

Salisbury, Balfour and the Queen. 

On 25 April Lord Randolph's opposition 

to his own party came into the 

open. When Balfour spoke in favour of 

a Private Member's Bill to extend Local 

Government in Ireland, Churchill was 

strongly critical of him. He thought he 

had the support of Joseph Chamberlain 

to oppose the Government but Chamberlain 

found the criticisms a little too 

sharp. Lord Randolph deeply resented 

what he considered a betrayal by his 

friend. When they made up, 

Chamberlain suggested that Lord Randolph 

must overcome his habit of making 

things so difficult for his friends. 

In the main, Churchill remained 

silent in the House but it was apparent 

that he was becoming increasingly 

disillusioned with politics. When he 

was greeted by a supporter in St. 

James's Park with the wish that he 

hoped to see him again in the Cabinet, 

Lord Randolph replied: "I sincerely 

hope that you will not." 

Lord Salisbury remarked that among 

Churchill's other problems, "his 

pecuniary position is very bad." This 

assessment certainly did not inhibit 

young Winston Churchill from making 

frequent requests for money from his 

parents. On April 17 he entered Harrow 

School as a member of H.O.D. 

Davidson's House. Within a week of arriving 

he wrote his mother for more 

money. "Most boys say they usually 

bring back £3 and write for more. . . . 

Please send the money as soon as possible 

you promised me I should not be 

different to others." 

Harrow at this time was in its golden 

age. Still in the country, it was 

separated from London by green fields. 

On a clear day they could even see 

Windsor. 

Winston was having difficulty resolving 

what surname he would live with. 

He wrote his father: "I am called, and 

written Spencer Churchill here and 

sorted under the S's. I never write 

myself Spencer Churchill but always 

Winston S. Churchill. Is it your wish 

that I should be so called? It is too late 

to alter it this term but next term I may 

assume my Proper name." 

Winston's son later told the story 

that when visitors to Harrow looked 

for the child of the famous Lord Randolph 

Churchill at "Bill," the Harrow 

roll-call, they were heard to remark, 

"Why, he's the last of all," as he filed by 

in alphabetical order. 

We do not have many comments by 

Winston Churchill on religion but in 

an essay on 'Palestine in the Time of 

John the Baptist' he made the following 

assessment of the Pharisees: "Their 

faults were many. Whose faults are few? 

For let him with all the advantages of 

Christianity avouch that they are more 

wicked than himself, he commits the 

same crime of which he is just denouncing 

them." 


On 13 March the First Lord 

presented his naval estimates of £48 

millions to the House of Commons. 

Concerns over Britain's ability to compete 

with Germany overcame the reservations 

expressed by Lloyd George 

about the country's ability to afford it. 

In fact, other views, expressed by Lord 

Charles Beresford, argued that the 

navy was still understaffed and illprepared. 

However, the Daily Telegraph 

stated that "the Navy has never 

in its long history had a more persuasive 

spokesman in Parliament than 

the present Minister." 

In April Churchill was involved in 

what came to be known as the Marconi 

Scandal. His colleague, Lloyd George, 

was accused of improperly trading in 

shares of the Marconi Company. 

Churchill vociferously defended his 

friend. When the editor of the Financial 

News testified that Churchill 

himself had profited by trading, the accused 

exploded. He charged that 

anyone who stated anything other 

than his innocence "was a liar and a 

slanderer." Not only was he believed to 

be innocent by the public but his 

friends were impressed by his selfdefence. 

One wrote: "It is in affairs like 

these that breeding asserts itself." 

In May the Churchills set out on a 

26 

Mediterranean cruise on Enchantress. 

They were accompanied by the Asquiths 

and their daughter, Eddie 

Marsh and Winston's mother. At the 

time, Jennie was unhappily divorcing 

her husband, George Cornwallis-West, 

who had deserted her. They toured 

Venice in a gondola, visited Dubrovnick 

and went fishing in Vallona Bay 

on the Albanian coast. At a picnic luncheon 

Winston kept quoting Gray's 

Ode to Spring. "At ease reclined in a 

rustic state. . . ." At Athens they saw 

the Parthenon. Churchill, distressed at 

the sight of the collapsed columns, 

wanted to bring in a group of naval 

blue-jackets to set them upright. In 

Sicily Prime Minister Asquith, having 

reviewed his Thucydides for the occasion, 

entertained the party with an account 

of the Sicilian Expedition. 

The British press followed their 

journey with much interest. Punch 

published a cartoon showing the First 

Lord and Prime Minister relaxing on 

the deck of Enchantress. The Prime 

Minister is scanning a newspaper as 

Churchill asks him: "Any Home 

News?" To which Asquith replies: 

"How can there be with you here?" 

PUNCH 21tl Miy 191)

At Malta the First Lord disembarked, 

visited the naval station and rejoined 

the party at Palermo. On visiting Corsica, 

Eddie Marsh and Churchill called 

ac ' Napoleon's house and stood 

together "for a full moment in silent 

cogitation." 

Violet Asquith, the Prime Minister's 

daughter, remembered particularly the 

evening card-games. Eddie Marsh was a 

serious bridge player who was often 

bemused by Churchill's unconventional 

play. "I can still hear Eddie's cry 

of pain" she has recorded, "when 

Winston, having led up to and sacrificed 

his partner's king, declared, 

"Nothing is here for tears. The king 

cannot fall unworthily if he falls to the 

sword of the ace" — a dictum which left 

Eddie's tears over his fallen king undried." 

Anothing amusing story from the 

voyage involved Clementine. On paying 

a visit to the galley to talk to the 

cook, she found a large and, to her 

beautiful, turtle. When it became obvious 

that it was destined for soup she 

obtained a dinghy and a party of men 

and returned the intended victim to 

the Mediterranean. Despite his love of 

culinary pleasures, Winston approved. 


In March Churchill was informed by 

the Evening Standard that his contract 

to write a series of articles for them on 

foreign affairs was being terminated 

because his views were not in agreement 

with those of the newspaper's 

proprietor, Lord Beaverbrook. He 

quickly reached agreement with the 

Daily Telegraph, although its owner, 

Lord Camrose, insisted on a six-month 

trial because "our policies might well be 

at serious variance." These articles were 

interspersed with others in the News of 

the World. Millions of readers were 

reading his views every week as they 

were syndicated throughout Europe 

and the Empire. 

He reached fewer, but more influential, 

audiences in his public speeches. 

He believed that a national defence 

campaign was necessary and was doing 

his utmost to contribute his share to it. 

His goal was to unite England on the 

issue. "Our party must carry the Trade 

Unions with them. Non-Conformists, 

Churchmen and Catholics must work 

for the common end." His son Randolph 

published a collection of his 

speeches on defense under the title 

Arms and the Covenant in England and 

While England Slept in the United 

States (Woods A44). 

Distressed by pro-German and anti- 

French propaganda in Britain, he flew 

to France to advocate an Anglo-French 

alliance. When he was received with 

full honours by the French, the 

Cabinet let it be known that he spoke 

only for himself and not the Government. 

He believed that "if France broke 

then everything would break, and the 

Nazi domination of Europe, and potentially 

of a large part of the world, would 

seem to be inevitable." In April, Leon 

Blum's Government fell and Edouard 

Daladier became Premier. "A capable 

and sincere man," said Churchill. 

When an agreement was signed by 

Britain and Italy which recognized 

Italian control over Ethiopia, Churchill 

called it "a complete triumph for 

Mussolini." The Government also 

negotiated an agreement with Ireland 

to end British naval rights at several 

Irish ports. Churchill saw this as 

another example of appeasement. He 

equated it to a withdrawal from 

Gibraltar or Malta but his criticisms 

further alienated him from the Conservative 

Party. 

In May he met with Conrad Henlein, 

the leader of the Sudeten Germans, 

who Churchill called "the best treated 

minority in Europe." He approved of a 

Henlein plan for a federal system in 

Czechoslovakia but informed Henlein 

that "if Germany attacked Czechoslovakia, 

France and then England 

would come to the latter's assistance." 

When Lord Swinton resigned as 

Secretary of State for Air it was assumed 

by many that Churchill would 

join the Cabinet. But Chamberlain was 

still not inclined to offer a position to 

his principal critic. For his part, Churchill 

professed to be reluctant to come 

aboard. "The present majority will remain 

dumb to the end," he said. 


In April the American Congress and 

President John F. Kennedy awarded Sir 

Winston Churchill an honourary 

citizenship of the United States of 

America. The story of this honour will 

be told in the next issue of Finest Hour. 

In May it was announced that Sir 

Winston would not contest the next 

election. And so would end one of the 

truly remarkable parliamentary careers 

in the history of the free world. In some 

27 

ways that announcement could be 

viewed as Churchill's real retirement, 

because he was, as Lord Beaverbrook 

has written, "in every sense a professional 

politician, having trained himself 

for his vocation." Robert Rhodes James 

has noted that Churchill was born into 

politics, and it was his devotion to his 

father that shaped his early political interests, 

attitudes and ambitions and 

propelled his early political career. 

He had entered the House of Commons 

as Conservative Member for 

Oldham at the end of 1900 when he 

was just 26. This early period was 

devoted to finishing his father's battles. 

In 1904 he had crossed the floor to the 

Liberals over the issue of Tariff Reform. 

Two years later he was elected as a 

Liberal Member for North-West Manchester. 

In 1908 he had to stand for reelection 

to Parliament because of his 

appointment to the Cabinet as President 

of the Board of Trade. He was 

defeated by his Conservative opponent, 

but within a month he found a 

new constituency in Dundee, Scotland. 

In 1922 Churchill was defeated at 

Dundee and out of the House of Commons. 

The Liberal Party was in disarray. 

Attempts to return in West 

Leicester as an Independent in 1923 

and in the Abbey Division of 

Westminster as a Constitutionalist in 

1924 were narrow failures. Late in 

1924 he was elected in Epping, near 

London, and subsequently rejoined the 

Conservatives. 

In 1945 Labour refused to continue 

the wartime coalition and a general 

election ensued while Churchill was at 

Potsdam. Churchill's constituency had 

changed from a country seat to a 

populous borough and its name was 

changed to Woodford. Despite the 

breakdown of the alliance, as a mark of 

respect Opposition parties declined to 

stand an official candidate against the 

Prime Minister in his own constituency. 

But by the 1960s great diplomacy 

was required to convince Sir Winston 

that it was time to relinquish the 

seat. Even Lady Churchill, who so 

often took on impossible tasks in dealing 

with him, could not bring herself to 

meet this challenge alone. In the end, a 

coalition of Lady Churchill, son-in-law 

-Christopher Soames, and a very tactful 

Constituency Chairman, Mrs. Doris 

Moss, achieved the inevitable, 

although Sir Winston would attend the 

House of Commons several more times 

until his final visit on 28 July 1964. •

WENDY REVES ON 

FOREIGN EDITIONS 

As a Trustee of the Churchill Literary 

Foundation (in which I feel a great honor 

and thank all of you!) I have been studying 

carefully all of the Society's past literature, 

including the Churchill Handbook, specifically 

Section 4 Part 1, the "Checklist of 

Foreign Language Editions." I went immediately 

to my library to see if I could be of 

help with some of the questions. I have a few 

answers regarding foreign editions of The 

Second World War, arranged by my husband, 

the late Emery Reves. 

SPANISH EDITIONS: There were two, the first 

in October 1954 by Los Libros de Nuestro 

Tiempo (Barcelona), in gold-beige linen 

boards with titles gilt. The second was one 

of the loveliest Churchill sets, in fine beige 

leather with dark blue, dark red and gold 

decor and gilt lettering. This was published 

in 1965 by Plaza y Janess A. Editores, 

Barcelona. 

What is interesting is that Jose Janess was 

director of Los Libros when they published 

the 1954 edition. 

Each of these works was in six volumes; I 

have a set of the first, and four complete sets 

of the second, here at La Pausa. The Dallas 

Museum of Art has at least one set of each, 

and sets are also in storage in Switzerland. 

A Spanish-language edition was published 

in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1955 by 

Peuser. It is a linen type in blue with a black 

rectangle and the author's signature in gilt. 

They seem to have published one volume 

at a time in 1948/49/50/52/53/55. It is a 

hodgepodge set, with covers and contents 

varying in color. I am not certain that I have 

a complete set. Emery was greatly disappointed 

in every way by his dealings with 

them, and they never paid for the rights, as I 

remember. There was even a lawsuit which 

Emery, being a foreigner, did not win — 

altogether a total mess! I need more time to 

research this subject in Emery's files. 

swiss EDITIONS: Emery did not negotiate 

with a German publisher for the German 

rights. You will recall his persecution by the 

Germans; secondly, they were not interested 

in "Churchill Memoirs" at that 

period. With Alfred Scherz of Bern (not 

"Zurich" as stated in the Handbook) and 

Munich publishing the work, there was no 

need for a German publisher. 

The German language editions were for 

the German-speaking Swiss, and for those 

in Germany who were interested. Your question 

was whether Scherz's volumes should 

be considered Swiss or German. Correctly, 

they are Swiss Editions in the German 

language. (For the minority of Swiss who 

spoke French, there was the Plon (Paris) 

issue. 

I hope I've helped. I've learned a lot 

myself. The library is packed with so many 

editions — they were a part of my life, but I 

had not studied them. Now, the Society's 

bibliographic efforts have created an avid 

researcher in me! 

- WENDY REVES, CAP MARTIN, FRANCE 

I can report that a complete set of six Argentinian 

Editions does reside in the library at 

Chartwell, though this is a very uncommon 

Spanish-language issue. Chartwell also holds 

both Barcelona sets, and a set of Swiss Editions 

by Scherz. 

As editor of the Handbook, it was I who raised 

the question of whether Scherz should be considered 

a Swiss Edition, and 1 am glad to have 

this input from Mrs. Reves. Now, if only I can 

find a set of the lovely Spanish leather edition 

for my library, 1 will have to add yet another 

shelf. . . 

RML 

PRISSY PROFESSOR? 

Professor J.K. Galbraith ("The Companion 

Volumes: An Appreciation," FH 57) 

states, "this extraordinary writing exists 

because Churchill's career antedates the use 

of the telephone." Could too much use of 

the telephone be the reason why Galbraith's 

writing is so bad — and so out of place in a 

magazine devoted to the memory of a 

master of English? 

Galbraith's writing is affected. When he 

prissily says, "the senior Churchill," I think 

of Lord Randolph. What are we to make of 

"he showed up in Cambridge," when 

"visited" is adequate? His sentences are so 

wordy they become tortuous, and set the 

reader a wearisome task of unravelling to get 

the drift — and drift it is. I do not refer to 

the differences between American and 

British usage, but to his failure to use correct 

syntax and grammar. 

Re-read his first paragraph, if you can bear 

it: "Certainly anyone of the requisite 

literacy" means (I think) "a literate 

person." Later he writes, "he asked me to 

look at that part of his connective tissue 

having to do with economics." Forsooth! 

Throughout Sir Winston's long career, 

the Old and New World instantly 

understood what he had to say, and were 

enchanted by the way he said it. Should 

not, therefore, a university professor be able 

to write with simplicity and clarity? 

I need say no more than quote Sir 

Winston's aphorism when encountering 

jargon — "Up with this I will not put" — 

and beg you not to inflict John Kenneth 

Galbraith upon us again! 

- NORMAN H. ROGERS, IPSWICH, SUFFOLK, UK 

28 

PRESENT FOR THE CURTAIN 

I am pleased to join the Society, since I 

was present at the Iron Curtain speech in 

Fulton, Missouri on 5th March 1946. I'm 

afraid I went A.W.O.L. from high school to 

attend! 

- THEODORE C. BECKETT, KANSAS CITY, MO, USA 

JAMIE THE POOH 

I thought you might be interested in the 

enclosed newspaper report of ICS honorary 

member James Humes, who I saw performing 

as WSC here recently. He went non-stop 

for 75 minutes and I could have listened far 

longer. I introduced myself as an ICS 

member. "Ah yes," he said — and then proceeded 

to speak of Winnie the Pooh being 

named after WSC! I think you all do a super 

job with Finest Hour. The "Churchill in 

Stamps" series indicates a depth of 

knowledge and organization not evident in 

many collections. Keep up the good work. 

- ERVIN R. PRITCHETT, LA PORTE, IND., USA 

CHURCHILL'S LONDON 

Just a quick note to say that the ICS 

booklet "Churchill's London," by Martin 

Gilbert, is splendid. It is hard to believe the 

good fortune of Wendy Reves' gift. I believe 

it is in a way personal recompense to you for 

all the effort you've put forth over the years. 

- DONALD S. CARMICHAEL, BUFFALO, NY, USA 

The editor blushes, but not for long. To 

paraphrase an apt quote, it is the Churchill 

community around the world that has the lion's 

heart; I have the luck to be called upon to give 

the roar. 

FAIRLY WELL STOCKED ... 

After 18 months in Florida, I am now going 

through my final six months training in 

the high desert of southeast Idaho. When I 

first arrived I strolled over to Idaho State 

University Library, and was pleased to 

discover a complete set of all official 

biography and companion volumes published 

to date, plus a full set of the Rhodes 

James Complete Speeches. 

- DAVID FREEMAN, USN, POCATELLO, ID, USA 

. . . AND STOCKING UP 

I was pleased to obtain a full set of the sixvolume 

Scribners postwar World Crisis, 

along with Dalton Newfield's fine facsimile 

editions of Mr. Brodrick's Army and For Free 

Trade. Having read The Second World War 

(it took a year but was worth it) and My Early 

Life, I've been anxious to get Churchill's 

account of World War I. Reading it will take 

awhile, as I am swamped in the study of

political theory, my major in my doctoral 

program at Georgetown. But the Great 

Man's words cannot be resisted. I am now 

looking for a good reading edition of 

Marlborough, either in the two- or sixvolume 

version (or was it four)? 

- BRENAN R. NIERMAN, WASHINGTON, DC 

It was tuio (postwar Harrap), six (Scribner 

pre- and postwar) and four volumes (prewar 

Harrap), depending on the date and publisher. 

Can anyone help Mr. "Nierman with a reading 

set? His address: 204a Kirby Hall, Trinity College, 

Washington, DC 20017 USA. 

THE CALLAHAN PAPERS 

Being English-born, I read Professor 

Callahan's two-part paper, "Churchill and 

the Erosion of British Power" (FH 56/57) 

with a great deal of sympathy. If he has written 

anything more I would like to read it. 

[Try his book, Churchill /Retreat From Empire; 

Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources 

Inc., 1984 — Ed.] There was, I recall, a great 

deal of sympathy in the mid-Thirties for the 

Germans. 

Britain between 1926-37 was very confused. 

Many of our respected thinkers were 

perceived to be admirers of Hitler: Edward 

VIII and Mountbatten among the Royals, 

with aides Charles Lambe and Peter Murphy. 

Samuel Hoare, Michael Foot, Megan 

Lloyd George, Halifax and Bevan admired 

the turn-around in Germany, if not the 

underlying philosophy. 

The loss of two kings, unemployment and 

labour unrest were somewhat assuaged by 

such patriotic events as Campbell breaking 

the world land speed record and Tom Skipworth 

trying for the America's Cup. Henry 

Cotton, Fred Perry, Amy Johnson and 

Brenda Fisher kept the Union Flag flying. 

But, as during the war, our military brains 

were for the most part time-serving second 

raters. Callahan did not have to cite this so 

liberally; Liddell Hart would have been 

enough. Churchill was awake, but even he 

had his blind-side. One wonders if he, indeed 

any of us, realised the sun was setting 

on the British Empire. 

As the wise men say, if there is one thing 

we learn from history it is that we do not 

learn from history. Our current crop of 

American presidential candidates suggests 

that we are witness to the replay of the 

Roman and British Empires — except that 

they lasted longer. We have produced a 

political process, it seems to me, that is 

tailor-made for second-raters. And they are 

not what we want in the White House. 

- DENNIS JOHNSON, MADISON, TENN. USA 

RECENTLY RECEIVED 

The unidentified gentleman in the picture 

on page 23 of issue 57 is the late G.C. Rivington, 

then chairman of the Harrow 

School Governors. 

- RICHARD HASLAM-HOPWOOD, LONDON 

Thank you so much for the beautiful 

tribute you wrote about Christopher in 

Finest Hour No. 57. 

As I see there is going to be a further article 

in No. 58, may I just say that there is one 

error in the last paragraph but one which 

must have been the result of a misunderstanding 

when we spoke on the telephone. 

Christopher's ashes have not been placed in 

my father's grave, but close by with my 

sisters and where I too one day will be. This 

is just for accuracy's sake. 

I loved the photograph of Grace Hamblin 

and Robert Hardy on the cover. 

- THE LADY SOAMES, DBE, LONDON 

Just a short note to say thank you for the 

set of The Second World War that you sent to 

Airlift Operations School Library. I expect 

to have them processed and on the shelf by 

next week. This really has helped us fill a 

gap in our collection. We certainly appreciate 

your donation. I feel sure we will 

put these books to good use. 

- DIANA BURNSIDE, LIBRARIAN 

- CHRIS KRISINGER (ICS), EDITOR 

SCOTT AIR FORCE BASE, ILL., USA 

We wish to thank you for the donation of 

Amid These Storms. We will be placing a 

bookplate in it that will read, "Gift of the 

International Churchill Society." Thank 

you also for Finest Hour. We will put it in the 

Magazine Room and await any patron comment. 

Thank you again. 

- HIGHLAND PARK, ILL. PUBLIC LIBRARY 

I am shocked to see on page 14 of issue no. 

58 remarks attributed to me in reply to a 

question on writing a book about my years 

with Sir Winston. 

Although I cannot recall this particular 

occasion, I am indeed asked this question 

from time to time. My answer has always 

been that I never had any such intention. In 

this particular instance I may have added 

that Sir Winston had been known to say 

(not to me, but to another member of his 

Staff), "You are not writing, are you?" Candidly 

the paragraph which disturbs me is 

ridiculous, as everyone in the "Inner Circle" 

will know full well. My friends certainly 

know that I would never invent it. 

I am sure you will find room in your next 

issue to print this letter and so put the 

record straight. 

- GRACE HAMBLIN, OBE, WESTERHAM, KENT 

Thank you for your recent letter and copy 

of The Dream. I appreciate your thoughtfulness 

and am confident that this book will 

be a helpful resource to me. It is an honor to 

have such a fine book and I look forward to 

reading it. 

Best wishes for a successful Bretton Woods 

convention. I hope my schedule will permit 

me to join you at a future meeting. 

- HON. SAM NUNN, U.S.S., WASHINGTON, DC 

29 

Thanks to very generous assistance from 

Mr. Winston S. Churchill, MP, Lt. Grodzinski 

in Canada and I are marking strong 

progress at a full and accurate compilation 

of all Sir Winston's orders and decorations 

for publication in Finest Hour. [We are 

delighted! - Ed.] 

- DOUGLAS RUSSELL, IOWA CITY, IA, USA 

BRITISH COMMONWEALTH 

Overleaf 

UNITED STATES 

AL: BIRMINGHAM/Ben McDaniel 

AR: BATESVILLE/John Harkey 

AZ: GLENDALE/Wm. Eubank 

CA: ALAMO/Kenntah Barker; BALBOA 

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H. Steele 

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WANTED 

Urgently wanted to complete my collection of 

ICS commemorative covers: issue no. 2, the "Act 

of Union" cover, dated London, 18 September 

1970. Details to A.H. Benham, 4 Walpole Walk, 

Rayleigh, Essex SS6 8HY, England 

AVAILABLE 

New list of hundreds of books by and about 

Churchill. Includes pre-1940 titles and a good 

selection of Woods, B,C,D items. Send SAE 

(UK) or dollar bill for airmail catalogue. Mark 

Weber, 35 Elvaston Place, London, SW7, 

England 

Write for our latest catalogue of works by and 

about Sir Winston: books "by" and "about," 

autographia, paintings, records priced from one 

dollar up. Churchillbooks, Burrage Road, Contoocook, 

NH 03229 USA 

"The Hour of Decision" Churchill plate 

autographed by Sarah Churchill, originally sold 

for $150; we have two and would like to sell 

them for $75 each. Dorothy Collins Cramp, 

29919 Valle Olvera, Temecula CA 92390 USA. 

BPO stamp-subject postal cards: 10 different including 

Churchill 5 l/2p issue. Wish to sell to a 

fellow Anglophile who will appreciate them. 

Edith Ellexson, 404 23rd St, Apt 1, Richmond 

CA 94804 USA. 

Official Biography: Biographic Volumes I-V, 

Companion Volumes I-IV, 15 volumes in all. 

Please contact A.B. Palk, Wellesley House, 63a 

Vansittart Road, Windsor, Berks. UK 

Churchill stamps for sale or swap. Write for 

list. Peter Jenkins, 8 Regnans Ave., Endeavour 

Hills, Victoria, Australia 3802. 

Classified adverts are free to members, but subject 

to editing for space. Please send yours to the editor. 

Copy deadlines: Summer 2 wks, Autumn 1 Sef>, 

Winter 1 Dec, Spring 1 Mar. 

ACCIDENTS 

Q. I've heard it said, "Churchill had as many 

lives as a cat — and he needed them." How 

many near-misses did he have? 

A. He needed more than nine lives. He fell 

out of a tree (1893), nearly drowned in Lake 

Lausanne (1893), fell off a camel (1921), fell 

off a polo pony (1922), fell into a lake while 

goose hunting (1928); when he fell from a 

horse he claimed £2 a week for six weeks 

from a London newspaper under its free insurance 

scheme. He had car accidents in 

Whitehall, Cairo and Kent (although 

whether he, one of the world's worst 

drivers, was behind the wheel at these 

events we don't know). 

In 1931 he was knocked down by a New 

York taxicab. In 1919 he was passenger in a 

plane which landed in a ditch after taking 

off near Paris. In Flanders, 1916, a 4.2 shell 

landed in his room. He had five attacks of 

pneumonia, suffered from gastroenteritis, 

appendicitis (1922), tonsilitis (1928), 

paratyphoid (1932) and irritations of the skin, 

eyes and lungs. However, he never suffered 

from nicotine or alcohol poisoning. 

(Answered with the help of John Frost's 

Historical Newspaper collection, and a cutting 

from Leader magazine, 2 April 1949.) 

WSC & THE REFORM CLUB 

Q. At our dinner for Robert Hardy at the 

Reform Club last September (FH 57), someone 

mentioned that Churchill had been a member of 

the Reform Club, but resigned on a matter of 

principle. What was it? 

A. We asked member Norman Rogers of 

Suffolk to follow this up; he consulted 

Simon Blundell, Club librarian, who refers 

us to a privately printed book, The Reform 

Club 1836-1978, by George Woodbridge. 

Here is the story . . . 

On 18 December 1912 Baron Maurice Arnold 

de Forest, Liberal MP for West Ham 

North, was entered in the Candidates' 

Book, proposed by Churchill and seconded 

by Eugene Wason, a member who actively 

promoted the admission of MPs. (Wason 

had seconded Churchill's own nomination.) 

De Forest came up for election 23 January 

and was blackballed. 

Although legend has it that members and 

seconders are obliged to resign if their 

nominees are blackballed, this is untrue and 

was never routine procedure. Thus it was a 

surprise that both Churchill and Lloyd 

George resigned over de Forest's rejection. 

(The Baron was quite a rake, and also the 

adopted son of Austrian Jewish banker 

Baron Hirsch. According to Randolph 

Churchill's official biography, Volume II, 

when discussing the creation of peers to pass 

the Parliament Act in 1911, George V told 

Asquith the only one he would never accept 

was de Forest.) 

Because of their close friendship with de 

Forest, both Churchill and Lloyd George 

thought it necessary to resign from the 

Reform Club. Churchill, writes author 

Woodbridge, "never returned to the Club 

and eventually left the Liberal Party [but] 

Lloyd George did return in 1917." 

COLLECTED WORKS & ESSAYS OF SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL 

A very limited supply remains available, bound H|HHH!IB!!^^HH[H^HHIH^Ii 

to the highest standard: gilt page edges, page ^^H( 

markers, marbled endpapers, thick headbands, ^^^Hl 

rounded spines, 500-year archival paper, Chur- ^^Ht 

19 

chill arms gilt on covers. A masterpiece of the ^^Hf 

I11 

1 11 ^H 

bookbinder's art. 

^^^H 

1 COLLECTED WORKS: All 50 Churchill ^Hl 

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books in 34 volumes (see article, FH 57); limited ^|BL.' 

JLL1 

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to only 2000 copies worldwide. Available in ^H|]| 

II ?, 

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lbs, 4 1/2' long, 19,000 pages. (Red morocco not •} It 

u available in UK.) ^Hg 8 

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COLLECTED ESSAYS: The only compila- Hf'S' 

tion of 350 Churchill articles and forewords in BBLJL. It ! 

volume form, comprising four volumes and 1,830 ••"»•" 

A 

pages: "Churchill on War/Politics/People/At K "It • 

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Please write for details to Churchillbooks, Bur- ft •• ;*•' 

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JLHH

ICS/GREAT BRITAIN 

ORGANISED AS A U.K. 

AUTONOMOUS CHARITY 

• 

SOCIETY CONVENTION 

SET FOR LONDON, 

AUGUST 1989 

BY RICHARD G.G. HASLAM-HOPWOOD 

Advert (mock-up) running in the "Winnie" play programme 

Honour the memory of 

Sir Winston Churchill 

in an immediate, positive and 

practical way - become a sponsor 

or a 'Friend' of the ICS 

The International Churchill Society - now an autonomous UK charity - was 

founded in 1968 Its aim is the preservation of the memory of this many sided genius 

- this ' Great Man of the Century' - and of the priceless legacy he bequeathed to the 

world. Part of this legacy was his indomitable ability to think POSITIVE in 

the face of all adversity. 

The ICS is now seeking corporate or individual sponsorship for the following 

"POSITIVE THINKING" projects for schools 

THE YOUNG WINSTON ORATORY 

AWARD 

THE YOUNG WINSTON ART COMPETITION 

THE YOUNG WINSTON LITERARY COMPETITION 

The International Churchill Society also invites you to honour Sir Winston's 

memory, in a practical and positive way, by becoming a 'FRIEND' of the ICS. As a 

new 'FRIEND' you will receive a complimentary copy of Martin Gilbert's 

'Churchill's London' and thereafter a quarterly copy of the Society's journal. 'The 

Finest Hour'. 

Give generous support to the 

International Churchill Society 

All enquiries for sponsorship and enrolment as a JneiuT to: 

Richard Haslam-Hopwood (OH), Flat 1,20Pembndge Crescent, London WU 3DS 

(Telephone 01 229 4918) 

rRTTSTFFS np iri/tnc- Ladv Soames, the Duke of Marlborough, Lord Charles Spencer- 

ChurchUl the Hon Nicholas Soames MP, the Hon Celia Sandys-Perkins, Geoffrey Wheeler Esq, 

Colin Spencer Esq, Richard Haslam-Hopwood Esq 

THE strength of the International Churchill 

Society in the UK has always been 

the number of its members who have 

had, some time or other, close personal 

contact with Sir Winston. However, 

over the years, we have always lost 

more of these members than we have 

gained and the Society was fast becoming 

a fan club with no real purpose. It 

was decided that a change of direction 

was required, with a sense of Churchillian 

purpose, following the standards 

set in his lifetime by Sir Winston. 

The best way to achieve this was by applying 

for UK charitable status, with a 

clear definition of our mission. 

This charitable status has now been 

approved. The founding Trustees are 

The Lady Soames, The Duke of 

Marlborough, Lord Charles Spencer- 

Churchill, The Hon. Celia Sandys 

Perkins, The Hon. Nicholas Soames 

MP, and the ICS/UK directors, Geoffrey 

J. Wheeler, Colin A. Spencer, and 

this writer. 

The purpose of the Charity is to 

educate the young, namely those of 

school age, in that major Churchillian 

characteristic, "Positive Thinking." 

This is to be achieved by the creation of 

"Young Winston Awards" in Oratory, 

Art and Literature, and sponsors are 

now being actively sought. 

Under UK Charitable Law, any UK 

Charity must be totally autonomous. 

Therefore, all Trustees, UK citizens 

and funds must be used for the benefit 

of UK citizens. To preserve its relationship 

with the "umbrella organisation" 

of ICS, and those charitable entities 

registered in the United States and 

Canada, we have become an associate 

of these organisations — a member of 

the "commonwealth" of ICS Charities 

throughout the world. 

We believe that this is the start of a 

new era in the fortunes of the International 

Churchill Society in the UK — 

and it is hoped that we will be in full 

flow by the 25th Anniversary of Churchill's 

death in 1990, when it is planned 

that we will be going national, with the 

Young Winston Awards. Thus we will, 

to some extent, be emulating the contributions 

made by other ICS Branches 

around the world, perpetually to commemorate 

the memory of the greatest 

man in the history of the English- 

Speaking Peoples. 

To help kick-off our efforts, the ICS 

Board of Directors have scheduled the 

1989 Churchill Society Convention for 

London in mid-August. 

31

The continent of Australia is: 

• the only nation that is a continent 

• the smallest continent 

• the flattest 

• the driest (except for Antarctica). 

"Fair 

Dinkum" 

Facts 

Brisbane and Adelaide. Sydney is the continent's 

"downtown" with 3,365,000 inhabitants, followed 

by competitor Melbourne with 2,833,000 and 

Brisbane with 1,150,000. Perth weighs in at 

995,000, Adelaide at 978,000, and Canberra, the 

planned capital city, at 270,000. 

Which explains why: 

• less than 10 percent of the land is arable 

• the largest lake, Eyre (3,600 square miles), is 

usually bone-dry 

• where a bar will do for a billabong, Australians 

are the greatest consumers of alcohol in the 

English-speaking world. 

Roughly the size of the coterminous United States 

at 2,966,368 square miles, Australia is also among 

the world's least densely populated countries, 

averaging only five people per square mile. Thus: 

• there are ten times as many jumbucks as people 

• in the arid outback, where it takes 40 acres to 

graze a single sheep, are the world's largest stations, 

including Anna Creek cattle station in South 

Australia, at 12,000 square miles 

• Australia leads the world in the export of beef and 

veal —624,000 tons in 1987 —and is second, after 

New Zealand, in mutton and lamb—293,000 tons 

• wool production is 30 percent of the world's 

entire output. 

Australia is flat, the highest peak, Kosciusko, being 

only 7,310 feet—but its Great Barrier Reef is the 

world's longest at 1,250 miles, more than half as long 

as its longest river system, the Murray-Darling 

(2,300 miles). 

Elsewhere are rocks, not just any rocks, but: 

• the oldest known fragments of the earth's crust, 

from the Jack Hills, at 4.3 billion years 

• 28 percent of the free world's uranium, along 

with coal reserves that match Saudi Arabia's oil in 

potential energy 

• formations that supply nearly 90 percent of 

Australia's oil needs 

• almost all the world's opals. 

Small wonder that 80 percent of Australia's 16 

million people (including 200,000 Aborigines) 

live in cities, mainly along the fertile coast between 

In statistical terms, Australians have it better 

than most: 

• per capita income, at $11,200 U. S., is one of the 

world's highest 

• life expectancy, 76 years, is one of the world's 

longest 

• literacy is virtually 100 percent 

• workers earn from four to six weeks of vacation 

annually 

• some 70 percent own their homes 

• voting is compulsory 

• which may or may not explain why Australians 

spend twice as much on gambling as on national 

defense. 

Aussie blokes have dinkum reasons for thinking 

their land is bonzer, so shout them a drink, mate, 

and wish them a happy anniversary. 

HOW TO SPEAK STRINE 

billabong—water hole 

billy—container for boiling tea 

bloke— man 

bonzer— great, terrific 

bush—country away from the city 

chook — chicken 

dingo—Australian wild dog 

dinkum, fair dinkum—honest, genuine 

dinki-di—the real thing 

fossick — to prospect for gold or gems 

grazier—rancher 

jwnbuck — sheep 

make a good fist—do a good job 

ocker—basic down-to-earth Aussie 

outback—remote bush 

pom — English person 

shout—buy a round of drinks 

station—sheep or cattle ranch 

Strine—what Aussies speak 

swag—bedroll and belongings 

tucker— food 

ute—utility or pickup truck 

waltz matilda—carry a swag 

«,,' 

National Geographic, February 1988

Winston Churchill

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