Distribution of Glass Transition Temperatures in Free-Standing ...

Macromolecules
ARTICLE
(31) Mattsson, J.; Forrest, J. A.; Borjesson, L. Phys. Rev. E 2000,
62, 5187–5200.
(32) Liem, H.; Cabanillas-Gonzalez, J.; Etchegoin, P.; Bradley,
D. D. C. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 2004, 16, 721–728.
(33) Miyazaki, T.; Inoue, R.; Nishida, K.; Kanaya, T. Eur. Phys. J.
Spec. Top. 2007, 141, 203–206.
(34) Svanberg, C. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 312–315.
(35) O’Connell, P. A.; Hutcheson, S. A.; McKenna, G. B. J. Polym.
Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2008, 46, 1952–1965.
(36) O’Connell, P. A.; McKenna, G. B. Eur. Phys. J. E 2006, 20,
143–150.
(37) O’Connell, P. A.; McKenna, G. B. Science 2005, 307, 1760–
1763.
(38) Jain, T. S.; de Pablo, J. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 155505.
(39) Rotella, C.; Napolitano, S.; Wubbenhorst, M. Macromolecules
2009, 42, 1415–1417.
(40) Lipson, J. E. G.; Milner, S. T. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 9874–9880.
(41) Milner, S. T.; Lipson, J. E. G. Macromolecules 2010, 43,
9865–9873.
(42) Peter, S.; Meyer, H.; Baschnagel, J. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
2007, 19, 205119.
(43) Jones, R. A. L. Eur. Phys. J. E 2000, 2, 205.
(44) Baljon, A. R. C.; Williams, S.; Balabaev, N. K.; Paans, F.;
Hudzinskyy, D.; Lyulin, A. V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2010,
48, 1160–1167.
(45) Lipson, J. E. G.; Milner, S. T. Eur. Phys. J. B 2009, 72, 133–137.
(46) Stevenson, J. D.; Wolynes, P. G. J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 129,
324514.
(47) Kim, S.; Roth, C. B.; Torkelson, J. M. J. Polym. Sci., Part B:
Polym. Phys. 2008, 46, 2754–2764.
(48) Ellison, C. J.; Mundra, M. K.; Torkelson, J. M. Macromolecules
2005, 38, 1767–1778.
(49) Rittigstein, P.; Torkelson, J. M. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.
2006, 44, 2935–2943.
(50) Kalyanasundaram, K.; Thomas, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977,
99, 2039–2044.
(51) Nakashima, K.; Winnik, M. A.; Dai, K. H.; Kramer, E. J.;
Washiyama, J. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6866–6870.
(52) Kim, S. D.; Torkelson, J. M. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 5943–5952.
(53) Duhamel, J. In Molecular Interfacial Phenomena of Polymers and
Biopolymers; Chen, P., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, England,
2005; pp 214 248.
(54) Colambani, O.; Ruppel, M.; Schubert, F.; Zettl, H.; Pergushov,
D. V.; Muller, A. H. E. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 4338–4350.
(55) Roth, C. B.; Pound, A.; Kamp, S. W.; Murray, C. A.; Dutcher,
J. R. Eur. Phys. J. E 2006, 20, 441–448.
(56) Whitlow, S. J.; Wool, R. P. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5926–5938.
(57) As described in ref 53, free pyrene dye and pyrene covalently
attached to a polymer via a methylene linking group exhibit I 3 /I 1 values
that are strongly sensitive to polarity; however, a longer linking group
leads to a loss of sensitivity to polarity. We demonstrated in ref 47 that
the temperature dependence of I 3 /I 1 yields a clear determination of the
T g of supported and free-standing polymer films when the pyrene dye is
attached to the polymer via a methylene linking unit, as in the case of
1-pyrenylmethyl methacrylate-labeled PS (MApyrene-labeled PS).
However, when a butylene linking unit is used, as with 1-pyrenylbutyl
methacrylate-labeled PS (BApyrene-labeled PS in ref 47), T g cannot be
determined via the temperature dependence of I 3 /I 1 of supported or
free-standing polymer films, although the temperature dependence of
the integrated fluorescence intensity (across the whole emission
spectrum) yields T g in supported polymer films.
(58) Napolitano, S.; Wubbenhorst, M. Polymer 2010, 51, 5309–
5312.
4553 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma200617j |Macromolecules 2011, 44, 4546–4553