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Executive Summary 3 In the third session, on mapping trafficking routes for illegal activities, Dr. Ken B. Johm of the African Development Bank (AfDB) served as chairperson and expressed the AfDB’s interest in supporting work against illegal wildlife trade. Mr. Steven Broad of TRAFFIC International spoke of mapping wildlife trading and using wildlife trade routes and various technological innovations like the Elephant Trade Information System and georeferencing to enhance interventions against the illegal wildlife trade. Dr. Scott Roberton of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)—Viet Nam delivered their case study on the significant illegal trade route between the People’s Republic of China and Viet Nam and the response of their respective government authorities. Lastly, Ms. Elisabeth McLellan of WWF described the level of elephant and rhino poaching and encouraged the participants to explore ways of making ivory and rhino horn socially uninteresting to reduce the demand for these products. During question-and-answer time, Mr. Wan Ziming of the National Inter-Agency CITES Enforcement Coordination Group and CITES Management Authority of China pointed out that money is not the only driver of tiger poaching, Many people kill tigers because of the threat they pose to humans and other animals. Mr. Broad emphasized that the fight against the illegal wildlife trade is a global concern. In the fourth session, on cooperation in combating the illegal wildlife trade, Dr. Elizabeth L. Bennett of WCS framed the session based on the fact that wildlife crime is a transnational organized crime and highlighted the need for organizations and agencies to collaborate in addressing this crime, especially given the adverse impact of wildlife crime, outdated wildlife legislation, ill-equipped enforcement components, and the transnational and transcontinental aspects of the crime. Mr. Daniel Gaush of the United States (US) Department of State talked about the following tools available to every wildlife enforcement network (WEN) to combat wildlife crime: the International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime, the training and secure communication channels used by the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the World Customs Organization, and the anti–money laundering expertise of the World Bank. He also stated the benefits of having a network of WENs, the qualities such a global network should have, and the need to fight criminal networks with law enforcement networks. In this same session, Justice Syed Mansoor Ali Shah of Pakistan discussed the creation of the Asian Judges Network on Environment and the role of judges in the fight against the illegal wildlife trade. Justice Yang Arif Tan Sri Abdull Hamid bin Embong of Malaysia narrated how Malaysian green court judges have increased their awareness of environmental and wildlife issues. Dr. Wanhua Yang of the United Nations Environment Programme discussed its role within the United Nations system. Mr. Giovanni Broussard of UNODC explained the Border Liaison Office mechanism as a means of stopping the shipment of contraband along the land borders of the countries forming part of the Greater Mekong Subregion. Ms. Ioana Botezatu of INTERPOL described their Project PREDATOR, which deals with Asian big cats, particularly wild tigers and snow leopards, and invited participants to organize national environmental security seminars and task forces. Finally, Mr. Ziming discussed Operation Cobra, which has led to hundreds of arrests and the seizure of up to 50 tons of endangered species and by-products, and suggested ways of improving international enforcement actions. During question-and-answer time, the participants examined the exclusion of wildlife from the traditional definition of “environment” and its implications. In Plenary Session 2, with the theme Curbing the Demand for Illegal Wildlife and Wildlife Products, Mr. Eric Phu of the Association of Accredited Advertising Agencies of Hong Kong served as session chair and set the context for the discussion of various means of curbing demand. Mr. James Compton of TRAFFIC International discussed the drivers of demand for wildlife products, the need for parallel work
4 Symposium on Combating Wildlife Crime between demand reduction and supply reduction, and TRAFFIC’s approach to changing consumption behavior. Ms. Anna R. Oposa of Save Philippine Seas introduced her organization as a civil society response to a major wildlife trafficking incident that grew into a nonprofit organization to address environmental violations using their two key strengths—communication and stakeholder mobilization. Mr. Shawn Heinrichs of WildAid related WildAid’s wildlife conservation and anti-trafficking campaigns. Through generous donations, pro bono celebrity endorsements, and the support of the world’s top advertising agencies, WildAid succeeded in forming huge production teams at less than cost to deliver world-class public service announcements to curb wildlife demand. Mr. Steve Galster of FREELAND Foundation for Human Rights and Wildlife, Asia’s Regional Response to Endangered Species Trafficking (ARREST) Program, and WildAid profiled the typical wildlife consumer and described how the organizations conceived and continue to use the iTHINK campaign to influence a change in wildlife consumption behavior. Finally, the Venerable Mae-Chee Sansanee Sthirasuta of the Global Peace Initiative for Women enumerated ways by which the participants could end wildlife crime. During question-and-answer time, the participants explored the various methods of reducing demand for wildlife products. In Plenary Session 3, with the theme National Policy and Legal Frameworks to Curb the Wildlife Trade, Ms. Patricia Moore served as chair and suggested enacting wildlife legislation in accordance with the guidelines set by the CITES CoP to ensure compliance with CITES and help governments enact clear and strong laws. Mr. John T. Webb of the US Department of Justice briefed the participants on how they prosecute wildlife traffickers in the US and how the Environmental Crimes Section of his department operates. Mr. Rios then discussed the key elements of the policy and legal framework for wildlife protection, loopholes in the law that wildlife traffickers were exploiting, and the Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit to address wildlife trafficking. Ms. Yeater explained the salient features of CITES, which imposes on parties minimum requirements for dealing with the illegal international wildlife trade, and the CITES National Legislation Project, which reviews national wildlife legislation and assists parties in enacting the required legislation. During question-and-answer time, Ms. Yeater further explained the CITES review process; noted the difficulty in policing borders, particularly in archipelagos like Indonesia and the Philippines; and emphasized that CITES requires parties to regard wildlife crime as a serious crime meriting at least 4 years’ imprisonment. In the same plenary session, the next set of speakers discussed the national wildlife legal and policy framework in their respective countries. Chief Justice Qazi Faez Isa of Pakistan related how judges could use loopholes in the law to better protect wildlife and how governments could make their citizens accept and obey wildlife laws by appealing to their religious sensibilities. Dr. Ananda Mohan Bhattarai of Nepal gave some suggestions on how the participants could improve their domestic wildlife legal and regulatory framework and exact compliance therewith. Dr. Kanjana Nitaya of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand shared how the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation has dealt with the illegal wildlife trade. Lastly, Mr. Madhawa Tennakoon of the Attorney General’s Department of Sri Lanka identified two primary challenges to effective wildlife law enforcement: (i) Sri Lanka just emerged from a harsh legal regime and is undergoing a postwar rehabilitation and development period and (ii) the increase in tourism and human–elephant conflict. During the second question-and-answer time for this session, Mr. Webb described how the US directs inbound wildlife shipments to a limited number of customs ports of entry, where there are wildlife inspectors who can identify wildlife species and apply the pertinent laws.
Page 1 and 2: SYMPOSIUM ON COMBATING WILDLIFE CRI
Page 3 and 4: © 2014 Asian Development Bank All
Page 5 and 6: iv Contents PLENARY SESSION 4 Wild
Page 7 and 8: vi Foreword These proceedings recor
Page 9 and 10: viii Acknowledgments From ADB, Mr.
Page 11 and 12: x Abbreviations PRC - People’s Re
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Page 19 and 20: Highlights Day 1: 10 March 2013 OP
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Appendix 1 Concept Note Side Event
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108 Appendix 1 Approach: The conven
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110 Appendix 2
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112 Appendix 2 3:30-5:00 p.m. B. Ke
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114 Appendix 2 10:15-10:30 a.m. Cof
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116 Appendix 2 Day 3: Tuesday, 12 M
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118 Appendix 2 ANNEX B DETAILED DES
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120 Appendix 2 Question and Answer
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122 Appendix 2 3:00-3:15 p.m. Coffe
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Appendix 3 List of Resource Persons
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126 Appendix 3 Continued from previ
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128 Appendix 4 JUDICIARY continued
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130 Appendix 4 MINISTRIES continued
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132 Appendix 4 CUSTOMS continued Na
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