Tamarack Pests

Overwintering of ELB
Confusion in the literature
Wood, 1982 – Principal overwintering stage is the adult, also find some larvae.
Werner, 1986- Overwinters as adults beneath bark
Langor & Raske, 1986 – Only adults overwinter. Cold temps kill larvae &
pupae.
In Minnesota based on collections
from above the snow line, made in
late winter of 2002 – 2009 adults and
larvae survive.
Are warmer winters allowing more LB to
overwinter resulting in increased tamarack
mortality? 26