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13-15 Sep 2004 [PDF] - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator - UCL

13-15 Sep 2004 [PDF] - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator - UCL

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Gravity calculation<br />

<strong>Orbiter</strong> accomodates perturbations of the radial symmetry of<br />

gravitational potential sources in a single (polar) dimension<br />

using a harmonic series:<br />

<br />

N<br />

2<br />

GM R <br />

U ( r,<br />

φ)<br />

= 1<br />

−<br />

J<br />

n<br />

P n<br />

(sinφ)<br />

<br />

r n=<br />

2 r <br />

with Legendre polynomial P n of order n, and perturbation<br />

coefficients J n . Number of terms N is adjusted automatically as<br />

a function of distance r.<br />

Earth J 2<br />

= 1082.63<br />

J 3<br />

= -2.51<br />

J 4<br />

= -1.6<br />

J 5<br />

= 0.<strong>13</strong><br />

Mercury J 2<br />

= 60<br />

Venus J 2<br />

= 27<br />

Mars J 2<br />

= 1964<br />

Jupiter J 2<br />

= 14750<br />

Saturn J 2<br />

= 16450<br />

Uranus J 2<br />

= 12000<br />

Neptune J 2<br />

= 4000<br />

x 10 -6<br />

A full spherical harmonics<br />

expansion of the field<br />

perturbations in both polar (φ)<br />

and azimuth direction (λ) is<br />

planned for a future version.

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