Effects of Habitat Enrichment on White-Tailed Deer Selective ...

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Discussion • <strong>Habitat</strong> enrichment could still have vegetation community and ecosystem effects • <strong>Effects</strong> may be more complex/less direct than hypothesized
Literature Cited 1 Augustine, D. J., and S. J. McNaughton. 1998. Ungulates and plant communities. Journal <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Management. 62:1165–1183. 2 Baines, D., R. B. Sage, and M. M. Baines. 1994. The implications <strong>of</strong> red deer grazing to ground vegetation and invertebrate communities <strong>of</strong> Scottish native pinewoods. Journal <strong>of</strong> Applied Ecology. 31:776–783. 10 Boutin, S. 1990. Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: patterns, problems, and the future. Canadian Journal <strong>of</strong> Zoology 68:203–220. 12 Bryant, J. P., F. D. Provenza, J. Pastor, P. B. Reichardt, T. P. Clausen, and J. T. du Toit. 1991. Interactions between woody plants and browsing mediated by secondary metabolites. Annual Review <strong>of</strong> Ecology and Systematics 22:434–436. 14 Cash, V. W., and T. E. Fulbright. 2005. Nutrient enrichment, tannins, and thorns: effects <strong>of</strong> browsing on shrub seedlings. Journal <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Management 69:789–793. 15 Cote S. D., T. P. Rooney, J. Tremblay, C. Dussault, and D. M. Waller. 2004. Ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> deer overabundance. Annual Review <strong>of</strong> Ecology and Evolutionary Systems 35:113–147. 17 Duncan, A. J., C. Ginane, D. A. Elston, A. Kunaver, and I. J. Gordon. 2006. How do herbivores trade‐<strong>of</strong>f the positive and negative consequences <strong>of</strong> diet selection decisions. Animal Behaviour 71:93–99. 18 Erhardt, E. B. 2007. SISUS: Stable isotope sourcing using sampling: getting started. . Accessed 12 April 2009. 22 Hehman, M. W., and T. E. Fulbright. 1997. Use <strong>of</strong> warm‐season food plots by whitetailed deer. Journal <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Management 61:1108–1115. 24 Hobbs, T. N., 1996. Modification <strong>of</strong> ecosystems by ungulates. Journal <strong>of</strong> Wildlife Management 60:695–713. 26 Horsley, S. B., S. L. Stout, and D. S. deCalesta. 2003. White‐tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics <strong>of</strong> a northern hardwood forest. Ecological Applications 13:98–118. 33 McNaughton, S. J. 1979. Grazing as an optimization process: Grass‐ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. American Naturalist 113:691–703.
Page 1 and 2: 2010 TCTWS Cottam Presentation By R
Page 3 and 4: Selective Foraging • Selective Fo
Page 5 and 6: Primary Effect Increase in Selectiv
Page 7 and 8: Approach and Hypotheses Two Approac
Page 9 and 10: Stable Isotopes: A Novel Approach
Page 11 and 12: Forage Selection • Bite Counts -
Page 13 and 14: Stable Isotopes to Determine Supple
Page 15 and 16: Data Analysis • Repeated Measures
Page 17 and 18: Diet Quality • Supplemental feed
Page 19 and 20: Discussion • Many non‐significa
Page 21: Discussion Conclusion: 1. H
Page 25 and 26: Acknowledgements: Financial Contrib
Page 27: Thank You!

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