Effects of Habitat Enrichment on White-Tailed Deer Selective ...

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35 McShea, W. J., and J. H. Rappole. 2000. Managing the abundance and diversity <strong>of</strong> breeding bird populations through manipulation <strong>of</strong> deer populations. Conservation Biology 14:1161–1170. 37 Moser, B. W., and G. W. Witmer. 2000. The effects <strong>of</strong> elk and cattle foraging on the vegetation, birds, and small mammals <strong>of</strong> the Bridge Creek Wildlife Area, Oregon. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 45:151–157. 38 Murden, S. B., and K. L. Risenhoover. 1993. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> habitat enrichment on patterns <strong>of</strong> diet selection. Ecological Applications 3:497–505. 40 Pastor, J., B. Dewey, R. J. Naiman, P. F. McInes, and Y. Cohen. 1993. Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forests <strong>of</strong> Isle Royale National Park. Ecology 74:467–480. 41 Pastor, J., and Y. Cohen. 1997. Herbivores, the functional diversity <strong>of</strong> plants species, and the cycling <strong>of</strong> nutrients in ecosystems. Theoretical Population Biology 51:167–179. 43 Provenza, F. D. 1995. Postingestive feedback as an elementary determinant <strong>of</strong> food preference and intake in ruminants. Journal <strong>of</strong> Range Management 48:2–13. 44 Reed‐Rossell Jr., C., B. Gorsira, and S. Patch. 2005. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> white‐tailed deer on vegetation structure and woody seedling composition in three forest types on the Piedmont Plateau. Forest Ecology and Management 210:415–424. 51 Stephens, D. W., and J. R. Krebs. 1986. Foraging theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA. 53 Stewart, K. M., R. T. Bowyer, R. W. Ruess, B. L. Dick, and J. G. Kie. 2006. Herbivore optimization by North American elk: consequences for theory and management. Wildlife Monographs 167:1– 24. 54 Stockton, S. A., S. Allombert, A. J. Gaston, J. Martin. 2005. A natural experiment on the effects <strong>of</strong> high deer densities on the native flora <strong>of</strong> coastal temperate rain forests. Biological Conservation 126:118–128. 56 Tieszen, L. L., T. W. Boutton, K. G. Tesdahl, and N. A. Slade. 1983. Fractionation and turnover <strong>of</strong> stable carbon isotopes in animal tissues: Implications for δ 13 C analysis <strong>of</strong> diet. Oecologia 57:32–37.
Acknowledgements: Financial Contributors Faith Ranch and The Stedman West Foundation Comanche Ranch and T. Dan Friedkin US EPA Greater Research Opportunities (GRO) Fellowship Program
Page 1 and 2: 2010 TCTWS Cottam Presentation By R
Page 3 and 4: Selective Foraging • Selective Fo
Page 5 and 6: Primary Effect Increase in Selectiv
Page 7 and 8: Approach and Hypotheses Two Approac
Page 9 and 10: Stable Isotopes: A Novel Approach
Page 11 and 12: Forage Selection • Bite Counts -
Page 13 and 14: Stable Isotopes to Determine Supple
Page 15 and 16: Data Analysis • Repeated Measures
Page 17 and 18: Diet Quality • Supplemental feed
Page 19 and 20: Discussion • Many non‐significa
Page 21 and 22: Discussion Conclusion: 1. H
Page 23: Literature Cited 1 Augustine, D. J.
Page 27: Thank You!

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