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0104 June 1997.pdf - Friends of Nigeria

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<strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

by<br />

Vol. 1. NO.4 Editor: Catherine Zastrow Onyemelukwe<br />

Ton." Hodgin<br />

The Hausa proverb "life is an onion<br />

which one peels crying" seems to apply<br />

to <strong>Nigeria</strong> more and more these days,<br />

and each successi ve slice brings a new<br />

sadness, at least for me. Since 1994<br />

President-elect Chief Moshood Abiola<br />

has languished in prison. As many <strong>of</strong> you<br />

know, Kudirat Abiola, senior wife <strong>of</strong> the<br />

President, was murdered in Lagos last<br />

<strong>June</strong> in what some commentators regard<br />

as an execution style slaying. The most<br />

recent U.S. State Department Human<br />

Rights report runs to eighteen pages, this<br />

for arguably the most promising democracy<br />

in Africa at independence. I take no<br />

pleasure in reciting these facts. But the<br />

Hausa have it right.<br />

Achebe provided the reader<br />

with a timely warning<br />

about how easily<br />

a bit <strong>of</strong> "dash"<br />

could escalate<br />

to graft and corruption,<br />

These past few weeks I've been teaching<br />

a wonderful little bpok by Chinua<br />

Achebe, No Longer At Ease, which<br />

some <strong>of</strong> you may have used in <strong>Nigeria</strong>n<br />

classrooms. The book engages a number<br />

<strong>of</strong> themes, among them the difficulty <strong>of</strong><br />

retaining what is good in traditional<br />

African culture in the face <strong>of</strong> assault by<br />

western values. commerce and technology!<br />

Achebe provided the reader with a<br />

timely warning about how easily a bit <strong>of</strong><br />

"dash" could escalate to graft and corruption,<br />

and bring down even the most<br />

well meaning <strong>Nigeria</strong>n civil servant. The<br />

stakes are much higher than even Achebe<br />

may have realized.<br />

Slices <strong>of</strong> Sadness for <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

When Shell struck oil in the Rivers<br />

State in 1958 <strong>Nigeria</strong> came into some<br />

serious money. Yet not only has the pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />

from this huge asset evaporated over<br />

the years, but many international groups<br />

express concern over the environmental<br />

degradation caused by the pollution and<br />

contamination <strong>of</strong> this industry. <strong>Nigeria</strong>n<br />

author Ken Saro- Wiwa led attempts to<br />

protect the rights <strong>of</strong> the Ogoni in the area<br />

beginning in 1992, founding the Movement<br />

for the Survival <strong>of</strong> the Ogoni<br />

People (MOSOP). You guessed it.<br />

Another slice <strong>of</strong> onion fell when Saro­<br />

Wiwa was arrested in October 1995 and<br />

shortly thereafter hanged at Port Harcourt<br />

for involvement in the murder <strong>of</strong><br />

four Ogoni leaders. He does not appear<br />

to have been in Ogoni land when the<br />

crime for which he was charged<br />

occurred.<br />

And then, last month I received a<br />

message on the H-NET for African history<br />

that treason charges had been lodged<br />

by the Abacha regime against Nobel<br />

Prize author Wole Soyinka, Chief<br />

Anthony Enahoro, and ten others. Some<br />

<strong>of</strong> you may, as in the case <strong>of</strong> Achebe,<br />

have taught or at least read Soyinka's<br />

works while in <strong>Nigeria</strong>. It is somewhat<br />

difficult to understand how this prize<br />

winning dramatist, who has been in selfimposed<br />

exile in the west since 1994,<br />

could be responsible for bomb explosions<br />

which destroyed military vehicles<br />

in Lagos. I suppose it's not important to<br />

wonder about such things. The treason<br />

charges have been lodged, and Soyinka<br />

will not be returning to his beloved country<br />

soon.<br />

Returned Peace Corps Volunteers<br />

have the highest regard for the <strong>Nigeria</strong>n<br />

people, for their traditions, for their arts<br />

and letters, for their culture and for their<br />

history. And, I dare say, RPCVs likewise<br />

wish for <strong>Nigeria</strong>'s long term economic<br />

<strong>June</strong> 1997<br />

prosperity and political stability. But<br />

when Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Chief<br />

Akintola and Sir Ahmadu Bello were<br />

gunned down on a single January night<br />

in 1966, the military dramatically<br />

changed the course <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong>n democracy<br />

to this very day. I'm sure there is an<br />

appropriate Yoruba proverb to conclude<br />

this brief article, but I've been away too<br />

long to remember.<br />

(Ton)' Hodgin, <strong>Nigeria</strong> IV, taught at the<br />

Federal Advanced Teachers College in<br />

Yaha. He currently teaches history at<br />

Choate School in Wallingford, CT and<br />

can he reached at Ton)'_Hodgin@fc.<br />

choateoeduo)<br />

San Diego Meeting<br />

<strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

will have its<br />

ANNUAL MEETING<br />

at the<br />

San Diego NPCA Conference<br />

July 10 :'13<br />

A <strong>Nigeria</strong> RPCV reunion dinner is<br />

scheduled for Thursday night. Look<br />

for details in the registration area: We<br />

will also have reserved tables at the<br />

Friday night Africa theme dinner. For<br />

registration materials, contact: NPCA,<br />

1900 L Street, NoW., Suite 205,<br />

Washington. DC 20036-5002;<br />

202-293-7728; rpcvpres@aol.com.<br />

Inside<br />

Page<br />

Letters to the Editor 2-4<br />

"Lost" Volunteers 4<br />

Ways <strong>Nigeria</strong> Changed My Life. 4<br />

Find FON on the Web 4<br />

Short News Items from <strong>Nigeria</strong> . 5<br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Directors 5<br />

Nomination Form 5


Letters to the Editor<br />

Wondering<br />

To the Editor:<br />

I was delighted to have this newsletter<br />

when I came home today. I have <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

wondered about those with whom I<br />

served from 1964-66. I've tried to write<br />

to Nancy Amidei in Washington, but the<br />

letters came back. Sam Abbott is rector<br />

<strong>of</strong> Grace Episcopal Church in NYC on<br />

Broadway and 10th. He was famous for<br />

being able to say the Gettysburg Address<br />

backwards, making everyone think he<br />

was speaking Russian.<br />

My roommate and dear, dear friend in<br />

Ughelli was Judy Olmstead Gary who<br />

was killed in a wreck in Cairo in 1981.<br />

What a loss she was to all <strong>of</strong> her friends<br />

and to the field <strong>of</strong> education. I wish I<br />

could come to San Diego in July, but I<br />

will be teaching summer school; it's hard<br />

to shake loose from that. However, I'll<br />

look forward to receiving this very fine<br />

newsletter; perhaps I can make another<br />

get together.<br />

Natoma (Nash) Noble,<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> '64-66<br />

noblenn@okra.millsaps.edu<br />

Lost is Found<br />

To the Editor:<br />

You have found another "lost"<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>n RPCV. In your March edition<br />

you listed Kathryn C. Wetherell as lost ­<br />

which made me smile. I am still Kathie<br />

Wetherell when I talk to myself but on<br />

paper I am Kathryn Wetherell Shack,<br />

having married Peter K Shack (PC<br />

Guatemala '68) in 1970. I met Peter in<br />

Guatemala while working on my master's<br />

degree in nutrition.<br />

Peter and I traveled to <strong>Nigeria</strong> in 1972<br />

and found it about the same as when I<br />

was a volunteer. We visited myoId site,<br />

Keffi Government College and the market<br />

in Keffi town. Peter agreed that<br />

Keffi had one <strong>of</strong> the best markets he had<br />

ever seen. I also was in <strong>Nigeria</strong> in 1978<br />

when I worked for Meals for Millions.<br />

Now it sounds like things have drastically<br />

changed for the worse. How very sad<br />

and undeserved by such wonderful people.<br />

Since then I have stayed r.gther close<br />

to home in California, working for the<br />

Department <strong>of</strong> Health Services, Office <strong>of</strong><br />

Family Planning, and raising our 9 1/2<br />

year old son.<br />

Greetings to all myoId PC friends, we<br />

certainly have happy memories.<br />

Kathryn W. Shack, <strong>Nigeria</strong> '65-67<br />

hw l.kshack@hwl.cahwnet.gov<br />

So Long Ago<br />

To the Editor:<br />

William Sklar is listed among the lost<br />

<strong>of</strong> 1965. Bill is living in Marquette,<br />

Michigan. His wife, Marge, who was<br />

also a volunteer in <strong>Nigeria</strong> when he was,<br />

teaches at Northern Michigan Univ.<br />

They have two sons who are about done<br />

with college.<br />

My time in <strong>Nigeria</strong> seems so long<br />

ago. In one <strong>of</strong> my collections <strong>of</strong> short<br />

stories (Hunting Hemingway's Trout,<br />

Atheneum, 1990) I included a novella<br />

titled "In a Hot Season." The novella is<br />

set in Maiduguri during the civil war. A<br />

couple <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essors have told me that it<br />

makes more sense out <strong>of</strong> the chaos <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Biafran tragedy than anything else<br />

they've read. I also wrote about <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

briefly in my latest book, Children <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Kalevala, which will be published later<br />

this spring by North Star Press. This will<br />

be my fourth fiction book.<br />

I've lost all contact with everyone<br />

from <strong>Nigeria</strong> 17. Maybe you all will<br />

somehow get us back together again.<br />

Lauri Anderson, <strong>Nigeria</strong> XVII<br />

Chair, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Lang. & Lit.<br />

Suomi College,<br />

Hancock, MI 49930<br />

Flood <strong>of</strong> Memories<br />

To the Editor:<br />

I saw the FoN newsletter<br />

for the first<br />

time last night. I have not seen the first<br />

two, so I do not know if I am "lost" or<br />

not.<br />

I am George Benjamin. I served '63­<br />

65 in Ibadan and Ijebu-Ode. In training,<br />

I was the tall, thin, clumsy one from<br />

Little Rock with black rim glasses who<br />

roomed with and hung out with Al Miles.<br />

I vaguely recollect the other names mentioned,<br />

... there were ISO <strong>of</strong> us in that<br />

group.<br />

But, oh, the memories came flooding<br />

in: Barnard Hall, Columbia Teachers,<br />

Riverside Park, Grants Tomb, 8 am to 8<br />

pm lectures, the West Side Bar and Grill,<br />

2<br />

visiting with Sargent Shriver in the cafeteria,<br />

Small's night club in Harlem with<br />

Wilt Chamberlain, Malcolm X's speech<br />

in the rain at Lennox Ave., the Columbia<br />

U. fountain where we sang: "We are<br />

marching to <strong>Nigeria</strong>," the "talent show,"<br />

and "Flexi-flexi-flexibility," Martin<br />

Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech<br />

in Washington at our break before going<br />

overseas, the interminably long first meal<br />

when we arrived in Lagos, the infamous<br />

"Post Card incident" that could have<br />

wrecked the Peace Corps, 50 cc Hondas<br />

that would carry two and three people at<br />

a time, Hard Day's Night in Lagos and<br />

Beatlemania meets the Peace Corps, and<br />

still painful even now: JFK's assassination<br />

and the overflowing memorial service<br />

in Ibadan. And Elsie Clitheroe at 80<br />

some-odd years old. We were duplexmates<br />

in Ibadan. I think I flunked the<br />

Rorschach Test and she was given the<br />

assignment <strong>of</strong> keeping an eye on me.<br />

Those were heady times.<br />

I have my certificate on the wall <strong>of</strong><br />

one <strong>of</strong> my examining rooms and people<br />

ask me, "You were in the Peace Corps?"<br />

"Yes," I say, but sometimes to myself I<br />

ask, "Did I do that?" It has been nearly<br />

35 years. DID I do those things') If you<br />

have "found" me, I suppose I did.<br />

George H. Benjamin, M.D.,<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> '63-65<br />

451 S. Holly<br />

Siloam Springs, AR 72761<br />

Haba<br />

To the Editor:<br />

I just received my copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>-the March issue. You have<br />

done a great job and I am very grateful<br />

for all the hard work. I hope you continue<br />

to help us former Peace Corps<br />

Volunteers maintain some contact. Do<br />

you ever hear <strong>of</strong> any plans to have a<br />

"get-together" <strong>of</strong> all the RPCVs some<br />

time or some place? [Editor's Note: read<br />

about National Peace Corps Association<br />

(NPCA) Conference in San Diego on<br />

page one, and come']<br />

There were two letters from people<br />

who served at the same time as I, and I<br />

think Ed Gruberg and Bob Cohen and I<br />

were in the same group. I plan to write<br />

to Ed Gruberg and find out.<br />

If any additions are needed to the List<br />

<strong>of</strong> How <strong>Nigeria</strong> Has Changed Me, consider<br />

this: I still-after thirty some


years-catch myself saying "Haba" at<br />

times, when I am surprised or have done<br />

something unusual. It is a Hausa expression<br />

which is just about untranslatable.<br />

Earl L. (Buzz) Welker,<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> '62-65<br />

Mysk3@aol.com<br />

Congrats<br />

To the Editor:<br />

I just got my newsletter yesterday and<br />

wish to congratulate you on the great<br />

job! It's just so full <strong>of</strong> good personal<br />

stuff, I can't imagine that anyone who'd<br />

been a <strong>Nigeria</strong> PCV wouldn't find it<br />

worthy <strong>of</strong> reading and enjoying.<br />

Your piece about the Bishop <strong>of</strong> Lagos<br />

and his connection to the Azikiwe family<br />

was fascinating! [Editor's Note:<br />

Jonathan Onyemelukwe is the Bishop on<br />

the Niger - Onitsha.)<br />

Bob Cohen, <strong>Nigeria</strong> IV<br />

rdcollege@enter.net<br />

More on Zik<br />

To the Editor:<br />

Just a note to say that I enjoy getting<br />

the newsletter. I especially liked the articles,<br />

by you and Greg Zell, about "Zik"<br />

in the last issue; they reminded me <strong>of</strong><br />

several <strong>of</strong> my own fleeting encounters<br />

with the man whom Dame Margery<br />

Perham once described as "a strange,<br />

brilliant, protean character from the Igbo<br />

forests" .<br />

One <strong>of</strong> the stops on Zik's "burial trail"<br />

was Nsukka, the site <strong>of</strong> the house<br />

(Onuiyi Haven) where he lived much <strong>of</strong><br />

his later life. On rare occasions in 1963­<br />

64, when he would visit the University <strong>of</strong><br />

Nsukka, faculty members would be invited<br />

down to government house for a<br />

reception. I would put on my one suit<br />

(light blue striped seersucker), hop on<br />

my motorcycle (BSA~bloody sore arse),<br />

and join the party. On one memorable<br />

occasion, I found myself, much to my<br />

embarrassment, alone in the middle <strong>of</strong> a<br />

field in front <strong>of</strong> the reviewing stand<br />

when the university band struck up<br />

"<strong>Nigeria</strong> We Hail Thee" as Zik came in.<br />

Zik had founded Nsukka University in<br />

1960, and was its Chancellor. The story<br />

was that Nsukka was Zik's mother's village,<br />

and that he had gotten the Eastern<br />

State parliament to establish a university<br />

at this remote spot by taking key parliamentarians<br />

there and plying them with<br />

palm wine.<br />

Zik had a swimming pool at Nsukka<br />

(the university did not), and when he was<br />

in residence the staff would fill the pool.<br />

This would lower the water pressure and<br />

the whole campus would be out <strong>of</strong> water<br />

for a day or two.<br />

Regarding Zik's never using his<br />

Christian name, the story told was that<br />

Zik dropped Benjamin in favor <strong>of</strong><br />

Nnamdi after being denied a place as an<br />

athletic competitor representing <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

at the British Empire Games in 1934.<br />

In addition to the airport at Abuja, Zik<br />

has been honored by having a university<br />

named after him at Awka, Anambra<br />

State. Some critics would say that he<br />

does not deserve such honor. A case can<br />

be made that, by splitting the <strong>Nigeria</strong>n<br />

Youth Movement, compromising with<br />

the northern region on the post-independence<br />

political landscape, and engaging<br />

in a power struggle with Awolowo, he<br />

helped doom the south to northern dominance<br />

and <strong>Nigeria</strong> to the mess it is in<br />

today. His role in the Biafran war is also<br />

controversial.<br />

In my view, Zik's greatness cannot be<br />

measured by his political deeds alone.<br />

Indeed, they shouldn't be, because Zik<br />

never held a strong hand. His ethnic<br />

regional power base wasn't big enough,<br />

and his national <strong>of</strong>fices, governor-general<br />

<strong>of</strong> the federation and then president <strong>of</strong><br />

the republic, were figurehead ones. But<br />

his life encompassed the social history <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> in the 20th century. As a successful<br />

"been-to", he overcame humble<br />

origins and prejudice to found an influential<br />

newspaper, a major political party,<br />

and a university. As the Great Owelle,<br />

he embodied the Igbo spirit <strong>of</strong> thriving<br />

and openness. He deserves a serious<br />

biography.<br />

A final note: I was pleased last year<br />

when, as acting charge <strong>of</strong> the U.S.<br />

Embassy in Venezuela, I was asked to<br />

sign Zik's condolence book at the<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>n Embassy in Caracas on behalf<br />

<strong>of</strong> the United States Government.<br />

Charles Ahlgren, <strong>Nigeria</strong> '62-64<br />

chahlgren@maxl.au.af.mil<br />

A Memorable<br />

To the Editor:<br />

Evening<br />

The NPCA's winter Board meeting,<br />

1996, was in South Florida, and we<br />

(RPCVs <strong>of</strong> South Florida) had dinner at<br />

3<br />

an old, wonderfully restored house with a<br />

garden which has been featured in the<br />

papers. I trolled around the premises<br />

looking for African countries on name<br />

tags. The others may be nice, and I do<br />

talk to them, but they can't compare to<br />

Africa hands.<br />

I spotted "Uganda" on the name tag <strong>of</strong><br />

Doane Perry, an NPCA Director. Here<br />

was my chance to ask about a part <strong>of</strong><br />

Africa I have only fead about. Before I<br />

could say much, he read my name tag.<br />

"<strong>Nigeria</strong>. What years were you there?<br />

Who was your Country Director? When<br />

was the last time you spoke to your CD's<br />

widow?" I didn't know he had died, but<br />

I answered, "Lagos, late 1964." Well,<br />

you really should give her a call. She's<br />

very active in the Boston area group."<br />

He sent me her address and phone<br />

number with a note: "She'd like to hear<br />

from you." After some telephone tag, I<br />

got: "Hi, this is Kathie Moore, ah,<br />

Saltonstall. Well, I'm Kathie Moore<br />

now." She told me <strong>of</strong> Dr. Saltonstall's<br />

very lengthy illness. Afterwards she<br />

married the close friend and physician<br />

who helped her through this trying period.<br />

I told her that she sure sounded as<br />

vigorous as when we first heard <strong>of</strong><br />

"vigah" from the Kennedys. I had a<br />

flashback to the time every PCV in sight<br />

was invited to the Rep's house for slides<br />

<strong>of</strong> them sailing <strong>of</strong>f New England. The<br />

Saltonstalls, lean and slightly weathered,<br />

looked like they had been sent over from<br />

Central Casting. She said she is quite<br />

well and happy in her 80's, traveling a<br />

lot, meshing two families and the houses<br />

from each.<br />

"Have you read my book?" she asked.<br />

Of course, I hadn't, since it was privately<br />

published. She wrote it after reflecting<br />

about a dozen years. No one had ever<br />

written about the experiences <strong>of</strong> the wife<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Peace Corps Rep (today: Country<br />

Director). This was the era when wives<br />

<strong>of</strong> U.S. <strong>of</strong>ficials could not have an <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />

job, and hers was the story around<br />

this. A few days later a paperback book<br />

arrived. Oh, my God! In the first chapter,<br />

there I was. Well, not by name. But<br />

then, neither were the other Volunteers at<br />

my school, our Principal, the Chairman<br />

<strong>of</strong> our Board <strong>of</strong> Trustees and their wives<br />

who were at the Saltonstalls for dinner<br />

that night. Bill and Kathie had been incountry<br />

3 or 4 months and were getting<br />

(Letters. continued on page 4)


Letters<br />

(Letters, continued/rom page 3)<br />

to know PCVs and their hosts.<br />

It was a<br />

memorable evening. It was November<br />

22, 1963.<br />

Greg Zell, <strong>Nigeria</strong> VI<br />

2050 Coral Way, Suite 602,<br />

Miami, FL 33145<br />

[Editor's Note: The Saltonstal/s were at<br />

my wedding in Lagos, December 1964]<br />

Other Letters<br />

The editor also received correspondence<br />

from:<br />

• Lucy Boyd, <strong>Nigeria</strong> V, whq<br />

reported on the trial relating to the murder<br />

<strong>of</strong> Elaine and Gordon Rondeau's<br />

daughter in 1994. The Rondeaus were<br />

volunteers in '63-65, and their daughter<br />

was conceived before they left <strong>Nigeria</strong>.<br />

Their address is 2125 Dayron Circle,<br />

Marietta, GA 30062.<br />

• Greg Zell, (see also above) who<br />

read in the last newsletter <strong>of</strong> the untimely<br />

death <strong>of</strong> Cynthia Adams in the mid 80s.<br />

For a time Cynthia roomed with Mary<br />

Reed, a member <strong>of</strong> his group.<br />

Third Five <strong>of</strong> the Top<br />

Twenty Ways <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

Changed My Life<br />

Here are the third five <strong>of</strong> the Top<br />

Twenty Ways <strong>Nigeria</strong> Changed My Life,<br />

compiled by Kim Rebar, '93-95, and Ken<br />

Krueger, '92-94 (the previous lists were<br />

in newsletters Vol. 1, Nos. 2 & 3).<br />

11. I refer to any man in a Mercedes<br />

as a "big man."<br />

12. When I have the flu, I keep checking<br />

for signs <strong>of</strong> a tropical disease,<br />

like malaria.<br />

13. I'm amazed by how patient I am<br />

waiting for public transportation.<br />

14. I arrive at 10:53 for a 9:00 meetmg.<br />

15. I never leave my house without a<br />

bottle <strong>of</strong> filtered water (water from<br />

Britta filters tastes better than<br />

those chalk filters).<br />

See You In San Diego<br />

Looking for "Lost" <strong>Nigeria</strong> Peace<br />

Corps Volunteers - Part III<br />

There are hundreds <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong> Peace<br />

Corps Volunteers for whom neither<br />

<strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong> nor Peace Corps<br />

Washington has a current address. The<br />

Peace Corps Washington Web site indicates<br />

that 2523 Peace Corps Volunteers<br />

served in <strong>Nigeria</strong>, although it is believed<br />

that this number probably includes<br />

everyone who even started a training<br />

program. A more realistic figure is<br />

thought to be in the range <strong>of</strong> 1800-2000.<br />

The <strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong> database<br />

includes 1050 names while the Peace<br />

Corps Washington database includes<br />

1750 names. However, neither <strong>Friends</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong> nor Peace Corps Washington<br />

has a current address for about 450<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> RPCVs.<br />

Listed below are the names <strong>of</strong> these<br />

"missing" volunteers whose service<br />

began in 1966 (similar lists for the 1961­<br />

65 volunteers appeared in previous<br />

newsletters).<br />

If you have a current address and/or<br />

information about name changes or<br />

deaths among these former volunteers,<br />

please send this information to Peter<br />

Hansen, Membership Chair, <strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>, Box 256, Orange City, IA<br />

51041,712-737-2700,<br />

pjhansen@nwciowa.edu.<br />

Raymond A Atilano, Roland R Bailey,<br />

Sharon K Baker, David E Baldwin,<br />

Martha B Barizon, Patrick B Barry,<br />

Carolyn J Bassing, Laurence L Bolton,<br />

James C Borchelt, Janet P Brazier,<br />

Rosemary M Brown.<br />

Thomas L Cameron, Patricia R<br />

Campbell, Samuel W Carmalt, <strong>June</strong> M<br />

Catalano, Franklin S Chance, George A<br />

Cherry Jr, Adolf A Cieczkiewicz, John N<br />

Clemans Jr, Collie Coleman, John D<br />

Collis, Thomas J Comer, John E<br />

Crawford,<br />

Joseph D Crimi.<br />

Nancy Crockett, James Cunliffe,<br />

Karen L Currie, Angela L Cutuly. Betty<br />

C Davis, Steven G Denes, Graig W<br />

4<br />

Dible, Eleanor S Epner, Kenneth R<br />

Fetterman, Frank L Fox, Dorothy M<br />

Frazier, Beatrice G Freedman, Margaret<br />

R Gekas, James C Goldsmith.<br />

Charles C Gray, Cherry E Gray,<br />

Elaine M Grendahl, Orie E Hargrove,<br />

Michael Harris, Michael E Hauben,<br />

Donald J Heider, Jay R Hessey, Gracia E<br />

Hobson, Ann M H<strong>of</strong>er, Giles W Hogya,<br />

Leslie R Hogya, Cynthia H Jachmich,<br />

Neal H Jacobs, Jerome A Johnson.<br />

Naomi Soyer Julian, Winifred F Karp,<br />

Anna C Kemp, Carol E Kirkley, Phyllis<br />

A Klafehn, Ivan Klein, Charles T<br />

Kollerer, Nancy M Korhonen, Diane M<br />

Leach, Michael R Levine, Gail S Lewin,<br />

Jane L Littleton, Stephen L Locke, Linda<br />

L Lodholm, Janet E Lott.<br />

Robert N MacGregor, Lois A Mader,<br />

Laverne S Majors, Doris A Manolescu,<br />

Robert A McDonald Jr, Frank Meyer,<br />

Peter M Miner, Barrett A Morf, Peter J<br />

Mueller, John J Mugavero Jr, Mary M<br />

Murray, Cordelin F O'Brien, M S<br />

O'Brien.<br />

Carol L Parfitt, Wanda P Partridge,<br />

Barbara M Pascotto, Rosalie A Peterson,<br />

Kathleen A Pfaff, Roger F Poe, Robert<br />

M Pugh, John P Quinlan, Maryann<br />

Quinlin, William R Roberts, Bernard J<br />

Robertson Jr, Thomas R Sharp, Carolyn<br />

D Shaw, John F Shaw, Laurence H<br />

Shoup, Kenneth E Silvey.<br />

Judith H Smith, Francis P Smolinski,<br />

Millicent R Sneed, Irving H Soloway,<br />

Frank A Stewart, Ruby C Stout,<br />

Douglas H Streuter, Donald J Thomas,<br />

Dorothy D Tilney, Carol J Tumy,<br />

William P Vick IV, Paul R Violi,<br />

Raymond M Wittenbrink Jr, Aubry J<br />

Womack.<br />

Find FON on the Web<br />

For those <strong>of</strong> you with Internet access,<br />

<strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong> has a web site:<br />

http://www.ultrane1.com/-<br />

gregjonz/fonl<br />

Our thanks to Greg Jones and his sons<br />

for producing and maintaining this site.<br />

Beginning with Vol. I, NO.3, it is our<br />

intention to post our newsletters at this<br />

site.


Short News Items from <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

March 15th Elections<br />

The United <strong>Nigeria</strong> Congress Party<br />

and the Democratic Party <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

were well ahead <strong>of</strong> the other three parties<br />

in the March 15th local elections according<br />

to exit poll forecasts. These two<br />

political parties want military ruler Gen.<br />

Sani Abacha as their candidate in the<br />

presidential elections scheduled for next<br />

year. (Reuter, 17-Mar-97)<br />

Only five parties, all with close links<br />

to Gen. Sani Abacha's military regime,<br />

were allowed to field candidates in<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>'s first multiparty ballot in four<br />

years. The elections were accompanied<br />

by charges <strong>of</strong> fraud and by scattered<br />

fighting. The Abacha regime hailed the<br />

large turnout as a sign that <strong>Nigeria</strong>ns had<br />

accepted his plan for a gradual return to<br />

democracy. (Associated Press, 2-Apr­<br />

97)<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> Importing Oil<br />

As a result <strong>of</strong> a gasoline shortage,<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> - Africa's leading crude oil producer<br />

- has been forced to allow fuel<br />

imports. A 10-gallon can <strong>of</strong> gasoline<br />

was selling for $47, more than seven<br />

times the normal price. (Reuter, 8-Apr­<br />

97)<br />

Protest Riots<br />

Three people were killed in protest<br />

riots in Warri. In Lagos, a Royal<br />

Dutch/Shell spokesman said the 88<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong>n oil workers were being held<br />

hostage by villagers who occupied the<br />

Board Nominations<br />

Members are encouraged to nominate<br />

themselves or fellow members for<br />

open positions on the <strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> Directors. For ease<br />

<strong>of</strong> communication, it is recommended<br />

that Board members have an e-mail<br />

account.<br />

Send or give nominations to Pres.<br />

Cathy Onyemelukwe. All nominations<br />

should be in writing and include:<br />

name, address, telephone, (e-mail<br />

address), special skills, and an indication<br />

that permission was granted by<br />

the nominee.<br />

company's flow stations. The protests in<br />

Warri are over the relocation <strong>of</strong> a local<br />

government<br />

headquarters.<br />

A day later the workers were released.<br />

The action resulted from political grievances<br />

<strong>of</strong> the villagers against <strong>Nigeria</strong>'s<br />

military government regarding relocation<br />

<strong>of</strong> a local government headquarters.<br />

(Washington Post, 27128-Mar-97)<br />

Abacha Increases Grip<br />

Gen. Sani Abacha signed a decree in<br />

March granting himself greater control<br />

over local elections and <strong>of</strong>ficials. The<br />

action "infuriated opponents who accuse<br />

him <strong>of</strong> reneging on promises to restore<br />

democracy."<br />

The decree grants Abacha the power<br />

to dismiss elected municipal councils if<br />

he finds they are "compromising his<br />

political standing" or using public funds<br />

or property to "advance the cause <strong>of</strong> any<br />

political party." The decree also says<br />

election tribunals set up by the military<br />

government i).rethe only bodies with<br />

authority to decide lawsuits relating to<br />

election fraud. (Associated Press, 11­<br />

Apr-97)<br />

Journalists In Jail<br />

Eight <strong>Nigeria</strong>n journalists are in<br />

prison. Included are four journalists convicted<br />

by a secret military tribunal for<br />

complicity in a coup plot who received<br />

15-year jail terms. The four are: Kunle<br />

Ajibade, editor <strong>of</strong> The News magazine;<br />

Christine Anyanwu, publisher <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Sunday Magazine; George Mbah <strong>of</strong> Tell<br />

magazine; and Ben Charles Obi, editor <strong>of</strong><br />

the weekly Classique. (Washington Post,<br />

22-Apr-97)<br />

Treason Trial<br />

A treason trial began in Lagos in which<br />

several dissidents could face the death<br />

penalty. Many <strong>of</strong> the defendants ­<br />

including exiled playwright Wole<br />

Soyinka - are not present for the trial,<br />

and journalists are not allowed in the<br />

courtroom. (Associated Press, 9-May­<br />

97)<br />

Gadhati Visits <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi<br />

received an enthusiastic welcome in<br />

5<br />

northern <strong>Nigeria</strong>. Gadhafi was greeted<br />

by <strong>Nigeria</strong>n military leader Gen. Sani<br />

Abacha and by thousands <strong>of</strong> school children.<br />

The Associated Press further reported<br />

that the U.S. was accusing Libyan leader<br />

Moammar Gadhafi <strong>of</strong> violating United<br />

Nations sanctions and was asking<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> to detain the aircraft on which<br />

Gadhafi arrived. The sanctions are related<br />

to the bombing <strong>of</strong> Pan Am Flight 103<br />

over Lockerbie, Scotland, which killed<br />

270 people. (Washington Post, 10-May­<br />

97)<br />

Foreign Exchange Rate<br />

One us dollar is worth 84.8 <strong>Nigeria</strong>n<br />

Naira. [For old <strong>Nigeria</strong> hands, the Naira<br />

is the equivalent <strong>of</strong> ten shillings.]<br />

(Washington Post, II-May-97)<br />

Board <strong>of</strong> Directors<br />

<strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

Cathy Onyemelukwe, President &<br />

Editor<br />

1 Mansfield Place<br />

Westport, CT 06880<br />

203-222-0630<br />

ambermuse@ao1.com<br />

Peter J. Hansen, Vice President<br />

Orange City, IA<br />

H: 712-737-2700 W: 712-737-7018<br />

pjhansen@nwciowa.edu<br />

Robert D. Cohen<br />

Bethlehem, PA<br />

H: 610-867-5501 W: 610-867-1818<br />

rdcollege@enter.net<br />

Vincent J. Gar<strong>of</strong>alo<br />

Lowell, MI<br />

H: 616-897-7847 W: 616-459-8281<br />

John L. Romano<br />

St. Paul, MN<br />

H: 612-699-7587 W: 612-624-1099<br />

romanOO I @maroon.tc.umn.edu<br />

Marge (Shannon) Snoeren<br />

Gainesville, FL<br />

H: 352-379-7561<br />

msnoeren@mercury.net<br />

Nick Thiemann<br />

Westport, CT<br />

H: 203-227-1975 W: 203-255-2888


<strong>Friends</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Nigeria</strong><br />

NPCA.<br />

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Orange City,<br />

IA 51041<br />

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