The Negro trail blazers of California [microform] : a ... - Homestead

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38 THE NEGRO TRAIL BLAZERS Now what would the slaveholder make by the operation in three years A working man by one year's labor will procure $4000 at least in gold dust, which, at the same rate for four years, will be $16,000, leaving the handsome sum of $9,200 more by one-half thousand than what the Negro would have paid by working his whole life in Missouri, and this is accomplished in the short space of four years. Do you suppose that this will not be tried" There were a number of gentlemen who delivered lengthy addresses upon the admission of slavery into the State of California, and while some were intended to excite the passions against the introduction of slavery, the fear of placing the slave on equal footing with the miners was just like men of today when, wishing to close the door in the face of the Negro laborer, they cry "social equality," when in truth all the Negro has asked for or wants is an equal chance to make a living and will seek his social life among his kind. Hence, men in the Constitutional Convention, in the battle against the admission of slavery into California, resorted to first inflaming the minds of the members of the convention by speaking of "equality of the races. "***The Negro slave laborer would be the equal of the white miners. They usually ended their addresses in nine cases out of ten as Mr. Wolzencraft, Jones and Snyder, showing very clearly that the supreme reason they wished to keep the Negro slave or Free Negroes out of the State of California was because one of the gentlemen said they would all go to the mines and that ' ' their labor would go to enrich the few and impoverish the many." Whom did the speaker refer to when he said * ' enrich the few ; ' ' No other than the slaveholder ; and in a few years there would be an aristocracy of capital upon this coast in which the slaveholder would hold the full hand or balance of power. Mr. Snyder's address was very clear on the subject, for he made a calculation, showing how the slaveholder would be willing to take the chance in bringing his slaves here, because his gain derived from the labor of his slaves in the mines would yield him more in California in a few years than a whole life of labor of the average slave in the Southland. He was perfectly right, as the reader will learn in another chapter on ' ' Slavery in California," in which is recorded the lives of slaves who paid for their freedom by working in the mines in California, paying often thrice the price asked on the other side of the Eocky Mountains. Nobody paid any especial attention to the Negro until after the Constitutional Convention. The year previous there was appointed by the government agent a Negro to prevent illegal otter hunting in the Pacific Ocean, especially along the California coast. The writer refers to Allen B. Light, mentioned in Bancroft's History of California. This case is recalled to prove the statement that the color of the skin was no bar to recognition before the "Constitutional Convention of 1849." Some of the gentlemen wished to know what was to become of the slaves after they had been brought to California and had been set free. Who was to take care of them, They said that the slaves would corrupt society. The pioneer Negro was neither shiftless nor immoral at the period of California 's history when this convention was debating his admission either as a Slave or Free Negro. In the chapter treating on the industrial and moral status of the Negro at that period the reader will learn that the only shoe store, either retail or wholesale, in the city of San Francisco was owned by a Negro by the name of Miffin Gibbs. The Negroes there had a private school and also a church. The best miner, either as a mining engineer or metallurgist on this coast, at that period, was Moses Rodgers, a colored man who was located at Horneitus, and he also owned a group of mines at Quartzburg. In after years he had a daughter graduate at the University of California in Berkeley. Mr. Edwin Booth came to California in the early forties and mined enough gold before the rush to return to Baltimore and pay for the passage to California of his sisters and two brothers, and also to pay for the education of the widow sister's son, sending him to Oberlin College, located in Ohio. If the reader will consider the diflSculties of travel at that period and the expense of a trip to California, Mr. Booth's case is a befitting answer to the question as to whether the Negro pioneer was either shiftless or capable of taking care of himself. The writer had the pleasure of meeting in Sacramento the surviving brother, Mr. Elige Booth, a dignified and stately gentleman with a delightful personality. His mind was fresh in regard to the history of mining conditions in early California and in regard to the treatment accorded to colored miners. He said that while the miners had laws of their own, a Negro miner was a man even for all that. He recited an instance in which some miners were attempting to jump his claim and how the white miners immediately came to his rescue. The writer has talked with other Negro miners who were in the California mines during pioneer days who spoke of fair treatment by the white miners, especially those mining upon Mokelumn Hill.
OF CALIFORNIA 39. CAl'T. (.H'ARTKR-MASTEK T. NIMKOD McKIXNEY Served with U. S. Army in Philippine Insurrection. ^\^LLIA^I nauns ricks Spanish-American War Veteran and Poet. CAPTAIN FLOYD H. CRUMBLY Past Department Commander United Spanish War Veterans.
Page 2: \ HP
Page 9 and 10: THE NEGRO TRAIL BLAZERS OF CALIFORN
Page 11: FOREWORD The author's reason for pr
Page 15 and 16: PREFACE In presenting to the public
Page 17 and 18: AUTHORITIES CONSULTED Afro-American
Page 19 and 20: CONTENTS Foreword—Charlotte A. Ba
Page 21 and 22: THE NEGRO TRAIL BLAZERS OF CALIFORN
Page 23 and 24: OF CALIFORNIA 19 and kisses roses i
Page 25 and 26: OF CALIFORNIA 21 LIEUTENANT-COLONEL
Page 27 and 28: OF CALIFORNIA 2:3 is given an inter
Page 29 and 30: OF CALIFORNIA 25 Hackluyt's collect
Page 31 and 32: OF CALIFORNIA 27 of which and a Con
Page 33 and 34: OF CALIFORNIA 29 Galvaz had said to
Page 35 and 36: This CHAPTER IV Bear Flag Party Dur
Page 37 and 38: OF CALIFORNIA 33 the bear and the s
Page 39 and 40: OF CALIFORNIA 35 of his class, and
Page 41: OF CALIFORNIA 37 suance to adjournm
Page 45 and 46: OF CALIFORNIA 41 The true reason th
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER VI Admission of California
Page 49 and 50: OF CALIFORNIA 45 living, without ch
Page 51 and 52: OF CALIFORNIA 47 they came to Calif
Page 53 and 54: OF CALIFORNIA 49 mail from Stockton
Page 55 and 56: OF CALIFORNIA 51 "Springfield, HI.,
Page 57 and 58: OF CALIFORNIA 53 was killed, the fi
Page 59 and 60: OF CALIFORNIA 55 Peter Bell, MiflBi
Page 61 and 62: OF CALIFORNIA 57 CLALUns UALl.ARl)
Page 63 and 64: OF CALIFORNIA 59 The Negro was not
Page 65 and 66: OF CALIFORNIA 61 about all they wer
Page 67 and 68: OF CALIFORNIA 63 " 'Read the first
Page 69 and 70: OP CALIFORNIA 65 account of race, c
Page 71 and 72: OF CALIFORNIA 67 the sale of the ch
Page 73 and 74: OF CALIFORNIA 69 be friends of Cali
Page 75 and 76: OF CALIFORNIA 71 Aged and Infirm Co
Page 77 and 78: OF CALIFORNIA 73 note of in the Cal
Page 79 and 80: OF CALIFORNIA 75 HON. JAMES M. ALEX
Page 81 and 82: OF CALIFORNIA 77 the Territory of U
Page 83 and 84: OF CALIFORNIA 79 refused to deliver
Page 85 and 86: OF CALIFORNIA 81 rule for the first
Page 87 and 88: OF CALIFORNIA 83 After the final de
Page 89 and 90: OP CALIFORNIA 85 The description of
Page 91 and 92: OP CALIFORNIA 87 The following is q
Page 93 and 94:
OF CALIFORNIA 89 of Negroesi and pe
Page 95 and 96:
OF CALIFORNIA 91 was witnessed by A
Page 97 and 98:
OF CALIFORNIA 95 ATTORNEY B. BURTON
Page 99 and 100:
OF CALIFORNIA 95 Cases like the abo
Page 101 and 102:
OP CALIFORNIA 97 way, aa he was rid
Page 103 and 104:
OF CALIFORNIA 99 tomically there is
Page 105 and 106:
OP CALIFORNIA 101 the Cyan, killed
Page 107 and 108:
OF CALIFORNIA 103 Carter, S. E. Cun
Page 109 and 110:
OF CALIFORNIA 105 In after years th
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER XII Biographical Sketches o
Page 113 and 114:
OF CALIFORNIA 109 Biddy Mason The s
Page 115 and 116:
OF CALIFORNIA 111 MRS. BIDDY MASON
Page 117 and 118:
OF CALIFORNIA 113 "When the Frazier
Page 119 and 120:
OF CALIFORNIA 115 charge of collect
Page 121 and 122:
OF CALIFORNIA 117 Mr. James H. Hubb
Page 123 and 124:
OF CALIFORNIA 119 the trade of cabi
Page 125 and 126:
OF CALIFORNIA 121 to graduate from
Page 127 and 128:
OF CALIFORNIA 123 Eachel Seals, dau
Page 129 and 130:
OF CALIFORNIA 125 large number of t
Page 131 and 132:
OF CALIFORNIA 127 Shorey. 'Victoria
Page 133 and 134:
OF CALIFORNIA 129 MRS. KATE BRADLEY
Page 135 and 136:
OF CALIFORNIA 131 one daughter to w
Page 137 and 138:
OP CALIFORNIA 133 colored authors a
Page 139 and 140:
OF CALIFORNIA 135 character gives a
Page 141 and 142:
OF CALIFORNIA 137 also owns his res
Page 143 and 144:
OF CALIFORNIA 139 educated; instead
Page 145 and 146:
OF CALIFORNIA 141 within less than
Page 147 and 148:
OF CALIFORNIA 143 beautiful, until
Page 149 and 150:
OF CALIFORNIA 145 that the Mission
Page 151 and 152:
OF CALIFORNIA 147 MRS. ELLEN HUDDEL
Page 153 and 154:
OF CALIFORNIA 149 a great orator; A
Page 155 and 156:
OF CALIFORNIA 151 the pathless wood
Page 157 and 158:
OF CALIFORNIA 153 Lowe, who lives i
Page 159 and 160:
OF CALIFORNIA 155 County of Tulare,
Page 161 and 162:
OF CALIFORNIA 157 and for seven yea
Page 163 and 164:
OF CALIFORNIA 159 The A. M. E. Chur
Page 165 and 166:
The OP CALIFORNIA 161 "September 14
Page 167 and 168:
OF CALIFORNIA 163 a cost of one tho
Page 169 and 170:
OF CALIFORNIA 165 :mrs. ardella c.
Page 171 and 172:
OF CALIFORNIA 167 Rev. Sanderson wa
Page 173 and 174:
OF CALIFORNIA 169 "(3) We declare t
Page 175 and 176:
OF CALIFORNIA 171 as steward. In 18
Page 177 and 178:
OF CALIFORNIA 173 Wright Harlan, in
Page 179 and 180:
OF CALIFORNIA 175 necessary for the
Page 181 and 182:
OF CALIFORNIA 177 Chieo colored sch
Page 183 and 184:
OF CALIFORNIA 179 " 'Eesolved, That
Page 185 and 186:
OF CALIFORNIA 181 Sacramento. Mr. B
Page 187 and 188:
OF CALIFORNIA 183 MME. ELLA BRADLEY
Page 189 and 190:
OP CALIFORNIA 185 Sara Sanderson wa
Page 191 and 192:
OF CALIFORNIA 187 graduate in the S
Page 193 and 194:
OF CALIFORNIA 189 the Legislature f
Page 195 and 196:
OP CALIFORNIA 191 tary, Mrs. H. E.
Page 197 and 198:
OF CALIFORNIA 193 tocratic resident
Page 199 and 200:
OF CALIFORNIA 195 The pioneer Negro
Page 201 and 202:
OF CALIFORNIA 197 but he is also th
Page 203 and 204:
OF CALIFORNIA 199 United States and
Page 205 and 206:
OF CALIFORNIA 201 MRS. OWEXS-BYNUM
Page 207 and 208:
OF CALIFORNIA 203 defense that Burr
Page 209 and 210:
OF CALIFORNIA 205 William Lenton St
Page 211 and 212:
OF CALIFORNIA 207 The author then q
Page 213 and 214:
OF CALIFORNIA 209 Negro in the Unit
Page 215 and 216:
OF CALIFORNIA 211 "Ray Hastings "Or
Page 217 and 218:
OF CALIFORNIA 218 leading soprano o
Page 219 and 220:
OF CALIFORNIA 215 The charm of this
Page 221 and 222:
OF CALIFORNIA 217 lege education in
Page 223 and 224:
OF CALIFORNIA 219
Page 225 and 226:
OF CALIFORNIA 221 mother of his chi
Page 227 and 228:
OF CALIFORNIA 223 Master Owen Troy
Page 229 and 230:
OF CALIFORNIA 225 led to his reachi
Page 231 and 232:
OF CALIFORNIA 227 in other organiza
Page 233 and 234:
OF CALIFORNIA 229 presented them to
Page 235 and 236:
OF CALIFORNIA 231 Mrs. Grasses is a
Page 237 and 238:
OF CALIFORNIA 233 deepest sympathy,
Page 239 and 240:
OF CALIFORNIA 235 own homes in resp
Page 241 and 242:
OF CAIJI-'OKMA ^'V MME. SUL-TE-WAN
Page 243 and 244:
OP CALIFORNIA 239 The writer in giv
Page 245 and 246:
OF CALIFORNIA 241 of being a thief
Page 247 and 248:
OF CALIFORNIA 24:3 daughter was edu
Page 249 and 250:
CHAPTER XIX Doctors and Dentists op
Page 251 and 252:
OF CALIFORNIA 247 Carolina, in 1914
Page 253 and 254:
OF CALIFORNIA 249 fessional educati
Page 255 and 256:
CHAPTER XX Literary Dep.uitment In
Page 257 and 258:
'OF CALIFORNIA 253 giving extracts
Page 259 and 260:
OF CALIFORNIA 254A REV. WM. T. CLEG
Page 261 and 262:
OF CALIFORNIA 255 Recognizing Mr. T
Page 263 and 264:
OF CALIFORNIA 257 "In war, warriors
Page 265 and 266:
OF CALIFORNIA 259 people. It was su
Page 267 and 268:
OF CALIFORNIA 261 Mr. Wilson was an
Page 269 and 270:
OF CALIFORNIA 263 the rarest evenin
Page 271 and 272:
OF CALIFORNIA 265 Our Nation's Fath
Page 273 and 274:
OP CALIFORNIA 267 WITHERED FLOWERS
Page 275 and 276:
OF CALIFORNIA 269 IT MATTERS MUCH B
Page 277 and 278:
OF CALIFORNIA 270A SERGT. CHARLES R
Page 279 and 280:
OF CALIFORNIA 271 But 'twas a might
Page 281 and 282:
OF CALIFORNIA 273 engage in anythin
Page 283 and 284:
OF CALIFORNIA 275 pleased to have w
Page 285 and 286:
OF CALIFORNIA 277 down and pity the
Page 287 and 288:
OF CALIFORNIA 279 crowded home to e
Page 289 and 290:
OF CALIFORNIA 281 aspirations. They
Page 291 and 292:
OF CALIFORNIA 283 In the great conf
Page 293 and 294:
OF CALIFORNIA 285 William Beck, son
Page 295 and 296:
OP^ CALII'oiiXIA 286A LIEUT. JOURXE
Page 297 and 298:
OF CALIFORNIA 287 "Captain Jones wa
Page 299 and 300:
OF CALIFORNIA 289 wounded after a d
Page 301 and 302:
OF CALIFORNIA 291 Mr. Benston was t
Page 303 and 304:
OF CALIFORNIA 293 Chaplain of the 9
Page 305 and 306:
OF CALIFORNIA 295 United States in
Page 307 and 308:
OP CALIFORNIA 297 Mr. Wall related
Page 309 and 310:
OP CALIFORNIA 299 quite a musical f
Page 311 and 312:
CHAPTER XXII History of the Negro a
Page 313 and 314:
OF CALIFORNIA 303 representing the
Page 315 and 316:
CHAPTER XXIII The End of the Trail
Page 317 and 318:
OF CALIFORNIA 307 Edward Carlisle,
Page 319 and 320:
OP CALIFORNIA 309 mention must be m
Page 321 and 322:
CHAPTER XXIV Notes on the Text ' "T
Page 323 and 324:
OF CALIFORNIA 313 defendant corpora
Page 325 and 326:
OF CALIFORNIA 315 From these papers
Page 327:
OP CALIFORNIA 317 Soldier, Negro.
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