Gender-Based Violence: Challenging Impunity - ITVS

Gender-Based Violence Glossary
Defining Violence Against Women and Girls
HALF THE SKY: GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE: CHALLENGING IMPUNITY
The Declaration of the Elimination of Violence Against Women, adopted by the United Nations General
Assembly in 1993, defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in,
or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of
such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.”
This includes:
Domestic violence
A pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by
one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another
intimate partner. This can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or
psychological actions or threats. It also includes any behaviors that
intimidate, isolate, frighten, threaten, blame, hurt, or wound.
Economic violence
Making or attempting to make an individual financially dependent
by maintaining total control over financial resources, withholding
an individual’s access to money, or forbidding an individual’s
attendance at school or employment.
Emotional abuse and psychological abuse
Undermining an individual’s sense of self-worth or self-esteem
is abusive. This may include constant criticism, name-calling,
damaging a woman’s relationship with her children, causing fear by
intimidation, and threatening physical harm.
Female genital mutilation/cutting
Female genital mutilation (also known as female circumcision or
genital cutting) is the removal of part or all of the external female
genitalia, and in its most severe form, a woman or girl has all of her
genitalia removed and then the wound is stitched together, leaving
a small opening for urination, intercourse, and menstruation. This
practice has a direct effect on women and girls’ reproductive and
maternal health and can have grave consequences during childbirth.
Female genital mutilation is mostly carried out on young girls
between infancy and age 15 and is motivated by a mix of cultural,
religious, and social factors within families and communities.
Honor killing
Acts of vengeance, usually death, committed against female
family members who are believed to have brought dishonor on the
family. A woman can be targeted for a variety of reasons, including
refusing to enter into an arranged marriage, being the victim of a
sexual assault, seeking a divorce (even from an abusive husband),
or allegedly committing adultery.
Human trafficking
A crime against humanity that involves an act of recruiting,
transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving a person through
the use of force, coercion, or other means, for the purpose of
exploiting them.
Physical abuse
Hitting, slapping, shoving, grabbing, pinching, biting, hair pulling, etc.
are types of physical abuse. This type of abuse also includes denying
medical care or forcing alcohol and/or drug use on the victim.
Sexual abuse and rape
Coercing or attempting to coerce any sexual contact or behavior
without consent. Sexual abuse includes attacks on sexual parts
of the body, marital rape, forcing sex after physical violence has
occurred, or treating another person in a sexually demeaning manner.
Sexual harassment and intimidation
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other
verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.