Volume 6, Number 4, December, 1998 - Noise News International

Volume 6, Number 4
1998 December
INTERNRTIONRL.
A quarterly news magazine
Lazarus and
Zimmermann:
Noise Control Standards
for Machinery and
Workplaces
Wong: Advances in
Acoustical Standards
and Electroacoustics
ACTIVE 99 • i"te,."oue 99
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
1999 December 02-04 • 1999 December 06-08
INGEMANSSON:
Principles of
Noise Control
Member Society Profile:
M4.LS
Pages 217-223

.>
/ Experience-~-Know.HOw
NOliECoNTROL PRODUCTS AND SYsTEMS
/ ~
/
R&D FACILITIES:
I I
Anechoic and Reverberation Rooms - In-Line
Production Test Booths - Quiet Rooms - Wide
Rangeof Acoustical and Aviation Test Facilities
\ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ 1.. \
NOISE·LOCK PIVOT WALLS:
Four power operated acoustical modules each
6m wide x 10m high pivot around center axis at
7ngjn g onventt Center,I i
\
"-
ROOMS/ENCLOSURES/DOORS for:
Audiometric Testing - TV, Radio, Music & Recording Studios ­
Engine Test Cells - Product Development
-
RF/Acoustic Security
- Offices- Noisy Machinery - QualityControl
,
SILENCERS for: / vi
HVAC Systems - Power Generation Plants - Mechanical Draft
Fans- Air & Gas Compressors - Shipboard Noise Control- Gas
Turbines& DieselEngines - Mining- Vacuum Pumps- BlowOffs
-~ ,
Fiberfree Silencers & SoundAbsorbers - Acoustical Walls & Ceilings - Fire Ratings
e-mail: info@industrialacoustics.com
-:
http://www.industrialacoustics.com
INDUSTRIAL ACOUSTICS COMPANY
~I~IC USA: 1160 COMMERCE AVENUE, BRONX, NY 10462-5599 • TEL: (718) 931-8000 • FAX: (718) 863-1138
UK: lAC House, Moorside Road, Winchester, Hampshire, S023 7US, Tel: (01962) 873000, Fax: (01962) 873111
THESTANDAADOFSILENCE < GERMANY: Sohlweg 17, 0-41372 Niederkrtichten e Tel: (02163) 8431 • Fax: (02163) 80618
Reader Service Number 2
/

Editorial Stllff
G. Maling, Jr., Managin g Editor
A. Cop s, European Edit or
A. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific Editor
G. Mal ing, Jr., Pan-Ameri can Editor
W. Lang, Feature Editor
Produced by
IEEE Peri odicals-Magazines Dept.
Fran Zappulla,
StaffDirector, IEE E Periodicals
Susan Schneiderman,
Adve rtising Sales Mana ger
Phon e: (73 2) 562 -3946
Fax: (732) 981-1 855
Janet Dudar, A rt Director
Debbie Cantill o, Associate Art Director
Robert Smrek, Production Director
Valeri e Camma rata, Editorial Director
Lynn Guarente, Production Editor
Leslie Russell , Advertising Production
Coordinato r
Willi am Saunders, Associate
Publi sher/Advertising Director
INTERNHTIONHL.
A quarterly news magazine
published by I-INCE andINCEIUSA
Volume 6, Number 4 - 1998 December
FEATURES
Editorial Ollicl'S
Noise Control Foundation
P.O Box 2469 Arlington Branch
Pou ghkeepsie , New York , U.S.A.
Noise/News International(ISSN I021-643X)is aquarterly
news magazine published jointly by the International
Institute of Noise Control Engineering and the
Institute ofNoiseControl Engineeringof the USA.. Inc.
Noise/News International is distributed to the Member
Societiesof Intemationall NCE and to the membersof
INCEJUSA as a member benefit.Advertising services
and production control are provided by the IEEE
Periodicals-Magazines Department of the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Inc. Editorial
services are provided by Noise Control Foundation.
Inc. Feature articles for Noise/News International arc
selected by the editors. Responsibility for the editorial
content rests upon the authors and not upon International
INCE. INCEJUSA. the IEEE. Noise Control
Foundation.the societiesor their members. Product information
i ~ provided as a reader service and does not
constitute endorsement by the societies or their members.SUBSCRIPTIONS:
In the USA, the annual subscription
rate is USD50.00.postpaid.which isincluded
in the duesof Membersand Associates of INCEJUSA.
Nonmember subscription ratesavailable upon request.
Single copy price is USD 12.50. Address correspondence
concerning subscriptions to INCEJUSA. P.O.
Box 3206. Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie. NY
12603-0206. Inallothercountries. the annualsubscription
rate is CHI' 80 via surfacemail; airmail delivery
subject to additional charge. Singlecopy price is CHI'
20. Address correspondence concerning subscriptions
to I-INCE General Secretariat. Celestijnenlaan 200 D.
B-3001. Heverlec-Leuven, Belgium. EDITORIAL
CORRESPONDENCE: Address to George C. Maling,
Jr.. Managing Editor. NNI. clo Noise Control
Foundation.P.O. Box2469. Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie.
NY 12603.USA;telephone+19 14462 4lX16
or FAX +1 914463 0201. COPYRIGHT AND RE­
PRI!'

-I--Inee International
Institute of
Noise Control Engineering
http://i-ince.org
W. Lang, President
A. Cops, Secretary-General
Vice Presidents: G. Daigle, T. Kihlman,
G. Mating, J. Tourret
Directors: B. Berry, P. Briiel,
T. Embleton, A. Illenyi, M. Koyasu,
A. Lawrence, A. Marsh
nrFilrFill'2 Institute of
UUUIb:iIS Noise Control
Engineering of the USA, Inc.
http:ince.org
1998 INCE Officers
Andrew S. Harris, President
Stephen I. Roth, President-Elect and
Executive Vice President
Robert J. Bernhard, Vice President ­
Publications
Arno S. Bommer, Vice President ­
Public Relations
Joseph M. Cuschieri, Vice President ­
Technical Activities
Paul D. Schomer, Vice President ­
Membership
Gregory Tocci, Vice President - Board
Certification
Robert D. Hellweg, Jr., Secretary
James G. Seebold, Treasurer
George C. Mating,Jr., Managing Director
1998 INCE Directors
Warren E. Blazier, Jr.
Arno S. Bommer
Courtney B. Burroughs
Beth A. Cooper
Paul R. Donavan
Andrew S. Harris
David K. Holger
Gerald C. Lauchle
Steven E. Marshall
Richard J. Peppin
Dan Quinlan
Paul D. Schomer
Otegory Tocci
David M. Yeager
INTERNRTIONRL.
Member Societies of International INCE
Australia: Australian Acoustical Society, Darlinghurst
Austria: Osterreichischer Arbeitsringfur Ldrmbekdmpfung, Wien
Belgium: Belgian Acoustical Association, Limelette
Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Acustica. Florianopolis
Canada: Canadian Acoustical Association, Ottawa
China: Acoustical Society ofChina, Beijing
Czech Republic: Czech Acoustical Society, Praha
Denmark: Danish Acoustical Society, Lyngby
Finland: Acoustical Society ofFinland, Espoo
France: Groupe Acoustique Industrielle et Environnement, SFA, Paris
Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Akustik, Oldenburg
Germany: Normenausschuss Akustik, Liirmminderung und
Schwingungstechnik im DIN und VDI, Dusseldorf
Hong Kong: Institute ofAcoustics, Hong Kong
Hungary: Acoustical Commission ofthe Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Budapest
Hungary: ScientificSocietyfor Optics,Acoustics and Filmtechnics, Budapest
India: Acoustical Society ofIndia (Observer), Bangalore
Italy: Associazione Italiana di Acoustica, Roma
Japan: Acoustical Society ofJapan, Tokyo
Japan: Institute ofNoise Control Engineering ofJapan, Tokyo
Korea: Acoustical Society ofKorea, Seoul
Korea: Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, Seoul
Lithuania: Lithuanian Acoustical Society, Vilnius
Mexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Acustica. Mexico City
Netherlands: Nederlands Akoestisch Genootschap, Delft
New Zealand: New Zealand Acoustical Society, Auckland
Norway: Acoustical Society ofNorway, Trondheim
Poland: Committee on Acoustics ofthe Polish Academy ofSciences,
Warszawa
Portugal: Sociedade Portugesa de Acustica, Lisboa
Romania: Commission on Acoustics, Academia Romano, Bucaresti
Russia: East-European Acoustical Association, St. Petersburg
Russia: Russian Acoustical Society (Observer), Moscow
Singapore: Noise Section, The Environmental Engineering Society of
Singapore, Singapore
Slovakia: Slovak Acoustical Society, Bratislava
South Africa: Southern Africa Acoustics Institute, Silverton
South Africa: Noise & Vibration Division, SA/MechE, Yeoville
Spain: Sociedad Espanola de Acustica, Madrid
Sweden: Swedish Acoustical Society, Stockholm
Switzerland: Schweizerische Gesellschaftfur Akustik, Diibendorf
Thrkey: Turkish Acoustical Society, Istanbul
United Kingdom: Institute ofAcoustics, St. Albans
U.S.A. Acoustical Society ofAmerica, Woodbury, NY
U.S.A. Institute ofNoise Control Engineering ofthe U.S.A., Washington, DC
Yugoslavia: Acoustical Society ofYugoslavia (Observer), Beograd
194 NoiselNews International 1998 December

Anechoic Chambers
with EMW lining
The new EMW perforated
metallic anechoic wedge continues
Eckel's tradi tion of
excellence and innovation in
acoustic testing environments.
This high transparency wedge
combines a metal cover, utilizing
high transparency perforated
steel or aluminum, with
highly efficient sound absorbing
material filler . . . to provide
outstanding acoustic perfo r­
mance, long-term acoustic
integrity, and light weight.
Eckel's modular attenuating structures have guaranteed
performance and incorporate state-of-the-art
features such as: • wedge lining (choice of EMW,
fiberglass,or foam wedges) with low frequency cutoff
down to 45 Hz • special track system for efficient
installation of wedges • unique cable floor
system • sound attenuating doors • instrumentation
sleeves and supports • ventilation • lighting
and power systems . . . Anechoic chambers can be
constructed with superb dependable performance
for research in • acoustics • psycho-acoustics, and
for testing in fields such as • automotive • aerospace
• computers • audio • appliances • industrial
components • consumer electronics ...whatever
your acoust ic measurement! evaluation need.
Reader Service Number 9
And Eckel continues its leadership
in providing full and hemi-anechoic
facilities-from the largest double ­
walled acoustic research struc ­
tures to the smallest, portable
anechoic chambers. Regardless of
your anechoic chamber need.
Eckel has the solution , with integrated
design and engineering
services and turnkey capability.
ECKEL
IN D U S T R I E S , I NC . ACOUSTIC DIVISION
155Fawcett St., Cambridge, MA02138
Tel: 617-491-3221 • Fax: 617-547-2171

President's Column
The Heart of INCE -
and Conferences
Volunteers
The approaching year end and my
preparation for INTER-NOISE 98
has prompted me to think about two
key elements of INCEIUSA. The first
is the large number of volunteers that
keep every aspect of our organization
functioning well. The second is the incredible
benefit that participants in
INCEIUSA-sponsored conferences receive.
I decided to devote this year-end
editorial to these subjects because they
are so central to the character and
health of INCEIUSA.
Every aspect of our operations depends
on volunteers. The Board of Directors,
the Managing Director, the
officers, the editors of NCE] and NNI,
conference organizers, all positions
within INCEIUSA - all are unpaid volunteers.
Only office support for the
Managing Director and the NCE] Editor
are expenses to us. The most obvious
benefit to the membership is
financial because the work of our organization
is primarily done by volunteers,
and dues can be devoted to direct
expenses such as production of our
journals, NCE] and NNI. However, I
believe the greatest benefit that we receives
from our volunteers is not financial.
It is the quality of their work.
Volunteers bring to INCEIUSA tasks
the same commitment to excellence
that is the hallmark of their professional
work. Each volunteer is working
to assure the quality of the profession
and this professional organization.
They are professionals working for
their profession and its future.
The recent Board of Directors meeting
is a good example of our volunteers
at work. The Board met in Norfolk,
Virginia, during and after the fall meeting
of the Acoustical Society of America.
Seventeen members participated in
the meeting and addressed the current
agenda of board issues - items
such as new members, technical
groups, and plans for conferences.
Just before the Board
meeting, two committees were
working to support Board activities.
One was addressing on-going
planning for the future of the Office of
Managing Director, and the second developed
new questions for the INCE
professional exam. This is the kind of
volunteer work that keeps our organization
functioning and vital.
INCElUSA sponsorsINTER-NOISE
meetings in North America. When
INTER-NOISE is on another continent,
INCEIUSA sponsors the NOISE-CON
series. While proceedings of these conferences
provide invaluable access to
current work in noise control, personal
participation in the conferences provides
much more. When you go, you
can hear the talks - notjust read the papers.
And, you can ask questions of the
authors and participate in the discussions.
You can also talk with professional
colleagues from every part of the
world about issues that interest you.
Lunch meetings of the INCE Technical
Committees are an opportunity to meet
with technical colleagues.
NOISE-CON 98 in Ypsilanti provided
all of these opportunities.
Do you attend the conferences If
you do not, make a resolution to attend
INTER-NOISE 99 in Fort Lauderdale
next December. If you do attend regularly,
see if you can find one or more
colleagues who have not participated
and get them to go with you. You, they,
and all oflNCE will reap the benefits of
another well-attended and information-filled
conference. And you will be
volunteering for INCE!
-Andrew S. Harris
1998 INCE President, INCEIUSA
196 NoiselNews International 1998 December

"Finally, an Outdoor Sound Propagation Computer Model developed
by a consultant, not a software firm..."
SPM9613
Sound Propagation Model based on 1S09613 parts 1 and 2
SPM9613 Features and Extensions
• Fast setup and calculation times
• Automatic breakdown of large 3-D or line sources into
multiple point sources
• Multiple barriers
• Reflections - automatic image sources
• Ground Attenuation with defined limits
• Miscellaneous Attenuation (Foliage, Industrial Sites)
• Graphical capability to assure correct user inputs
• Plan views of equipment, barriers, foliage or industrial
sites, and observer locations
• Source sound power level spectrum plots and directivity
plots (vertical and horizontal)
• Sorted sound source waterfall plots at each
observer location
• Contour plotting of Aor Cweighted levels
• 3-D Ground Elevation plots
• Ground Hardness contours
• Extended Octave Band Center Frequency
range - 16 to 8000 Hz
• Computation of C-weighted levels
• Source sorting on Aor C-weighting
• Customizing services available
• MS Windows 95, 98, NT, 3.1 Compatible
SPM9613, PowerAc:oustic$, Inc:.
Priced at a fraction of competing
computer models.
, Power Acoustics, Inc.
Consultants in Acoustics and Noise Control/or the Power Industry
12472 Lake Underhill Rd. #302 Orlando, FL 32828
Phone: (407) 381-1439, Fax: (407) 382-5465, WebSite: www.poweracoustics.com
Reader Service Number 39

· . j - II
Editor's View
Noise Policy in the European Union
The impact of the existing European
Union (EU) directives on the reduction
of noise emission is considerable:
there are controls on passenger cars,
buses, as well as two- and threewheeled
vehicles. European cities
would be much noisier without these directives.
On the other hand, the increase
in the number of motor vehicles and aircraft
is canceling the effect of the directives,
and noise exposure tends to
increase. Furthermore, the type testing
procedures for noise emission have important
shortcomings, which significantly
limit their effectiveness.
The Commission published the
Green Paper on Future Noise Policy in
1996 November (seeNNI, Vol. 5, No.2,
1997 June, pp. 77 - 98). This was the
first step in the development of a noise
policy with the objective that no person
should be exposed to noise levels which
endanger health and quality of life.
The Green Paper was widely
distributed. The public studied it, and
about 450 comments were received. It
was circulated within EU Institutions
and debated during specific workshops
and meetings organized at local,
international, and technical levels. The
majority of the comments on the Green
Paper indicated that more action was
required of the EU to improve the situation.
The added value lies in its potential
to:
• harmonize indicators,
• set targets, and
• determine harmonized assessment
methods for environment
noise.
This leads to possibilities to influence
the noise emissions of machinery
and means of transport. The comments
received confirm the need for an EU
noise policy; the Green Paper has raised
expectations which the Commission
will have to honor.
The Commission's follow-up
to the Green Paper responses has
been developed bearing in mind
that the objective is to identify
the noise problems and to put in
place the framework needed to
remedy them. It has therefore
been proposed that the necessary
framework be created to assess noise, to
inform the public about it and to reduce
noise levels through action plans. In a
complementary action at the EU level,
noise from sources and products will be
examined to determine what controls on
noise emission are required. Further to
the debate on the Green Paper, it has
been decided to launch the EU Noise
Policy in 1998 to provide a coherent and
coordinated approach requested by so
many informed and knowledgeable
commentators. The follow-up plan consists
of the following measures:
• A Framework Directive on Noise
Assessment and Reduction of Environmental
Noise, and
• Development and co-ordination
of measures at the EU level to reduce
noise from sources.
In order to prepare the framework directive'
several Expert Working Groups
have been created. Research and development
activities will be needed to support
most of these working groups. The
Commission has invited non-governmental
organizations, industry, and local
authorities, the World Health Organization,
the European Environmental
Agency, and the Joint Research Center
in Ispra to participate in one or more of
the Working Groups. An Invitational
Conference on the EU's Future Noise
Policy was organized in Copenhagen on
1998 September 7-8. A report on this
Conference can be found on page 225
of this issue.
-Andre Cops
European Editor
198 NoiselNews International 1998 December

YOUR NEXT SOUND METER
• Workplace Noise
• Product Noise
• Environmental Noise
• Consultants
2238 MEDIATOR
The new 2238 Mediator sound level
aOO
"'Ill
A
"'Ill
~
A
-,-
C;/
aOO
"'Ill ~
A
meter is the ideal solution to your
sound measurement problems, now
and in the future. Whether you need
fast sound level checks or in-depth
analyses, the 2238 Mediator delivers.
LJ
...
tf

Member Society Profile
NA Akustik LCirmminderung und
Schwingungstechnik (NALS)
German Standards Committee Acoustics,
Noise Reduction and Vibration of DIN and VDI
Germany has a long-standing tradition
in tackl ing noise and vibration
problem s. Th is app lies to the VO l, the
Association of German E ngi neers
(founded in 1856) as well as to the DIN,
Germa n Institute for Sta ndardiz ation
(founded in 1917).
In 1924, the VOl established the first
expert committee dealing with vibrations,
which served as a basis for the VOl expert
group on vibrations - founded in 1954 ­
and for the VOl Noise Reduction Commission
(VDI-KLM) - founded in 1965.
The first DIN standard giving guidance
on noise indicators and recorders
was finalized in 1937. In 195 3, the
Acous tics Sta nda rds Committ ee was
founded, which later on would also claim
responsibility for the field of vibrations.
In 1990 , the Acoustics and Vibrations
Standards Committee (FANA K) and the
VO l Noi se Reduc ti on Commission
(VDI-KLM) merged into the Standards
Committee Aco ustics, Noise Reduction
and Vibration (NALS) of DIN and VDf.
This new standards committee undertook
to keep up and foster the tradition ofstandardi
zation as well as the techni cal and
scie ntific activities of the VOl- KLM, and
particularly the communication between
experts - which is one of the reaso ns
why NALS is a Member Society of the
International Institute of Noise Control
Engineering (I- INCE). (The VOl-KLM
became a member of I-INCE in 1976.
In September 1985, the VOl-KLM organized
the very successful INTER-NOISE 85
congress in Munich, which was chaired by
the late Eberhard Zwicker.
The scope of the NALS of OlN and VOl
is divided into three technical sections:
• Section A - chaire d by Hans Lazarus,
Dortmund - deals with all aspects
of aco ustics,
• Se ction B - chai red by Dietmar
Gebh ard, DUsseldorf -
is devoted to
noise reduction, and
• Sec tio n C - chaired by Walde mar
Stuhler, Berlin -
is responsible for
vibrations.
In ad di tion, th e NA LS c lose ly
co-operates w it h th e Ger man
Electrotechnical Commissio n (DKE) in
the fie lds of ultrasound and elec tro ­
acoustics, with the Mac hinery Standards
Co mmittee where machinery safety is
co ncerned, and with the Ergono mics
Standards Committee concerning safe ty
at the workplace.
The activities of the NALS focus on
the development of rules of technology,
and on International and European standardization
in particular. The NALS is in
charge of almost 300 OlN sta ndards and
100 VDI Guidelines which are kept up to
date by approx imately 1300 honorary experts
and 13 full-tim e standardization
staff. The NALS is the national partner
(mirror co mmittee) for ISO/TC 43,
Aco ustics, ISOITC 108, Mec hanical Vibration
and Shock, CENITC 2 11, Aco ustics,
and CEN/TC 23 1, Mechanical
Vibration and Shock.
The honorary chairman of NALS is
now Ludw ig Sc hre iber, Munic h. For
up-to-date inform ation please visit our
web site http://www.vdi.de/nals/nals.htm.
or contact NALS using the address in the
NNI Directory on page 235 of this issue.
This is the twenty-f ourth in a series ofarticles
on the activit ies and history ofthe
Member Societies ofInternational INC£.
-Ed.
200
NoiselNews International
1998 December

Feature
Noise Control Standards for Machinery
and Workplaces
Hans Lazarus, Bundesanstalt fur Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin, Dortmund, Germany
Dorit Zimmermann, KAN Secretariat, Sankt Augustin, Germany
HansLazarus isascientistanddirector
oftheteamfor noisecontrol
at the Bundesanstalt fur Arbeitsschutz
und Arbeitsmedizin
Dortmund (Federal Institute of
Occupational Health and Safety).
He received hiseducation incommunications
engineering from the
Technical Universities inDresden
and Berlin. He wrote hisdissertation underthe directionof
Professor Cremer of the Institute for Teclmical
Acoustics attheTechnical University inWest Berlin. He
worked in committees of national (NALS), European
(CENTC277), andinternational (ISO TC43) Technical
Committees of Acoustics. His main subjects are
nOise emission andreduction ofmachines, sounddistribur/on
in workrooms, noiseassessment at workplace,
and speech communication.
Since completing her studies in
chemical engineering at the University
of Dortmund, Germany in
the autumn of 7995, Dorit Zimmermann
hasbeenaproject manager
in the Department for
Ergonomics and Health Protection
within the Secretariat of the
Commission for occupational
health, safety, andstandardization (KAN). KANwasset
up in 1994to establish a common national position of
theGerman OH&Sinstitutions andsocialpartners and
to assert thisposition on OH&S matters in European
standardization at an early stage. KANhas to identifY
theinterfaces between Directives (protection aims) and
the standards (technical specifications) and act upon
themandates issued bytheEuropean Commission. Ms.
Zimmermann is the project manager for noise, PPE,
SCJ1~en work, and lighting in the relevant KANexperts
network for these subjects.
This is an edited version ofan article with the same
name that appeared in the European Safety Newsletter.
8-12, 1998 April-May.-Ed.
Introduction
A variety of international and European standards
concerned with various parameters relevant to noise
control are under development in order to properly
implement the machinery directive 89/392. 1,2
Standards covering machinery, sound insulation
products, workrooms, and workplaces are already in
place. This article considers the standardization
concept which underlies this standards-making program.
It also highlights deficiencies which are apparent
to employers and safety specialists
depending on standards to assist them in implementing
specific noise control measures. The quality of
machine-specific standards needs to be improved if
they are to bring the intended benefits for occupational
health and safety.
This article presents the results of a project commissioned
by Germany's Commission for Occupational
Health, Safety and Standardization, KAN.3
The project was carried out by the Bundesanstalt ftir
Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) in cooperation
with NA Akustik, Larmminderung und
Schwingungstechnik, NALS,4 and the lTD technical
documentation center. 5
The objective of the project was to assess the
need for standards-making for noise control, as required
by the machinery directive 89/392, and to
consider the control concept on which this standards-making
program is based. The relevant standards
encompass technical noise sources, various
modes of sound propagation, and the consequences
of noise exposure at the workplace. This standardization
concept for noise control is derived from the
existing European Union (EU) directives, national
implementation regulations, and the needs of occupational
health and safety practice.
For the standardization concept to be effective,
methods must be available for quantifying the
acoustical characteristics of machines (taking into
account how they are being operated), of sound insulation
products, and of workplaces themselves.
The relevant parameters and the methods to be used
for assigning values to them are described in the
1998 December
Noise/News International 201

standards. One of the functions of these standards is
to help determine the "state of the art" methods
which ED directives and national regulations implicitly
require should be used in the development of
noise control measures.
The majority of the necessary framework standards
(A and B standards) concerned with noise
monitoring and noise control are already in place.
Guidelines are also available for the development of
machine-specific noise measurement standards and
for the preparation of noise control sections of machine-specific,
general safety standards.
However, time has not been adequate to allow the
provisions of these framework noise standards to be
properly transposed into the large number of machine-specific
safety standards (C standards) which
are under development.
Standardization Activities
in the Field of Noise Control
In Germany, national standardization related to
noise control is the task of the NA Akustik
Larmminderung und Schwingungstechnik (NALS)
standards committee which proposes and develops
standards and technical regulations and places its
members on relevant committees of the European
Committee for Standardization (Comite europeen
de normalisation - CEN) and the International Organization
for Standardization (Organisation
Internationale de Normalisation - ISO).
At the international level, noise control standards
are prepared in the technical committees ISOrrC
43, Acoustics, and CENrrC 211, Acoustics. The
task areas of these technical committees are similar
to those ofNALS. In order to ensure uniform conditions
for competition on the international market,
acoustical standards are nearly always prepared at
the ISO level first and then adopted by CEN.
Acoustics and noise control should be seen as a
sub-task of designers of machinery, buildings, work
sites, workplaces, and electro-acoustic systems.
During the preparation of standards, close cooperation
is necessary between experts in acoustics and
experts in other specialty areas (e.g., mechanical engineering,
electrical engineering) at national, European,
and intemationallevels.
Existing Standards
The Standardization Concept
The standardization concept for noise control is
based on German legal requirements and ED directives;
the specifications contained in standards supplementthe
safety objectives specified in legislation.
Above all, noise control starts with some form of
redesign of, or change to, a workplace or part of it
(e.g., with the procurement or modification of
plant), an item of machinery, an operating procedure,
or a work room. Legal requirements call for
state-of-the-art noise control measures, i.e., minimum
sound production at the source and, where
technically feasible, maximum sound level reduction
during transmission, in order to keep noise
immission at the workplace as low as possible.
However, planning for compliance with these requirements
presupposes that the parameters have
been agreed to for quantifying noise emissions
(from machinery and equipment, transport vehicles,
etc.), for assessing sound insulation products (e.g.,
enclosures, screens, etc.), and for determining
sound level reduction in buildings and workrooms.
Table 1 shows the elements to be considered and the
relevant noise control parameters.
To plan for compliance, standards have been developed
which specify measurement and assessment
methods and provide for the design of noise
reduction measures for machines, sound insulation
products, construction products, etc.
An effective division has developed in standardization
between framework standards and specific
user standards:
• Framework standards specify and describe
methods for the measurement of emissions from
sources, for sound level reduction through use of
insulation in work-rooms, and for general principles
of assessment, prediction and design;
• Standards specific to certain types ofmachinery
and other sector-specific industry standards
Work system
elements
Sound sources
• Machines
Table 1: Standardization concept
• Means of conveyance
• Operating procedures
• Tools
• Means of transport
Sound insulation products
• Enclosures
• Sound screens
• Sound absorbers
Hearing protectors
Buildings
• Ceilings, walls,
windows, doors
Workrooms
• Sound absorption
• Noise screens
Relevant noise
control parameters
Emission values
Sound power level
Emission sound
pressure level at
the workplace
Insertion loss
Sound reduction index
Sound propagation
• sound level reduction
• sound level increase
Background noise
202
NoiselNewsInternational
1998 December

specify in more detail relevant measurement
methods, application-related assessment criteria,
and design measures.
Framework Standards and Safety
Standards Specific to Machinery
The framework standards (A or B standards) that
have been developed for machinery safety - EN
292-l 6 and EN 292-2,6 and EN 414 7 - specify
principles for detecting and avoiding hazards and
for increasing machinery safety. With regard to
acoustics, there are framework standards (B standards)
for determination of sound emission and for
an explanation of principles of noise reduction of
machines and the implementation of those principles:
EN ISO 3740 ff,8 EN ISO 11200 ff,9 EN ISO
4871,10 EN ISO 12001,11 EN ISO 11688,12 EN
ISO 11689,13 EN ISO 11690. 14 The machine
safely standards and an explanation of their purpose
are given in Table 2.
Appropriate safety standards (C standards) are
prepared in support of the ED machinery directive
for different groups of machines based on the framework
standards. According to EN 414, these framework
safety standards should contain:
Type A
Table 2: Machine safety standards: noise control
Framework standards: basic principles
EN 292, EN 414
Type B Framework standards: individual hazards
Sound emission
• Measurement
- Guide
- Sound power Level
- Emission sound pressure level
- Declaration and verification
• Reduction
• Value ranges
EN ISO 12001
EN ISO 3740 to 47,
9614
EN ISO 11200 to 04
EN ISO 4871
EN ISO 11688-1
EN ISO 11689
Safety standards
Noise emission
specific to machinery
test codes
Dealing with the hazard of noise according to EN 1746
• Safety requirements
• noise
- noise reduction
• Checking safety requirements
• noise
- sound measurement
- emission value range
- achievable value
• Information for the machine user
• noise
- noise data, noise measurement
- additional noise reduction measures
Example:
EN 691 wood working machines
ISO 7960
EN 710 foundry machines
EN 1265.
• A description of the hazards concerned,
• the safety objectives to be achieved,
• the safety requirements and/or measures for reducing
hazards,
• the test methods which can be used to establish
compliance with the safety requirements contained
in the standard, and
• user information.
These machine-specific safety standards therefore
have an important practical role: they are the means
by which the noise control requirements of the machinery
directive are to be specified.
Standards EN 414 and EN 292-1 describe a series
of noise hazards leading to, for example, hearing
loss, tinnitus, stress and impairment of verbal communication.
If significant hazards of this kind are
caused by a machine, noise must be taken into account
in the development of the safety standard specific
to that type of machine. In general, this is
necessary if a machine is associated with an emission
sound pressure level of LpA =70 dB or more.
Draft standard EN 1746 15 prescribes the necessary
provisions on noise which should be included in such
machine-specific, general safety standards. According
to this draft standard, where a noise hazard may exist, a
machine-specific safety standard should:
• Classify noise in the list of hazards,
• name the machine's main noise sources,
• refer to principles of low-noise design
(according to ISO TR 11688-1), give
concrete examples of noise control by
design, describe the use of sound insulation
products (enclosures, etc.), and emphasize
the importance of sound
emission level as the main criterion for
selection of low-noise machines,
• emphasize the importance of determining
noise emission levels to facilitate monitoring
of the machine design process,
• compile machine emission value ranges
for one machine type (to EN ISO 11689)
and deduce attainable values if possible,
• develop the information necessary for user
instructions (to EN ISO 11690-1 and -2)
so as to allow for low-noise operation, e.g.,
installation of dampers, adaptation to
low-noise operating conditions, maintenance
to ensure low-noise operation, and
recommendation of additional equipment
(enclosures, noise screens and, if necessary,
hearing protectors), and
• specify noise data for user instructions and
technical documents.
If there is no significant hazard caused by
noise for a group of machines, then the section
on noise can be limited. However, it must at
1998 December NoiselNews International 203

least contain, as user information, the procedure for
determining and specifying noise emission and details
of noise data. This is stipulated in the machinery
directive for all machinery, together with the requirement
that noise emission must be reduced to the
"lowest possible level."
Results
The majority of framework standards (B standards)
required for the preparation of machine-specific
safety standards (C standards) already exist for the
hazard of noise. However, they need to be developed
further and adapted to the practical problems of machine
manufacturers and operators. It should also be
possible for the manufacturers of a machine type for
which a C standard does not yet exist to apply the
framework standards. There are cases, however,
where machine-specific safety standards do not yet
take proper account of existing framework standards.
More effective cooperation between committees
concerned with C standards and acoustics committees
at the European and national levels, as well as
more timely information on new working papers,
could considerably improve the quality of standards.
In the case of many individual machine groups,
the technical basis and the methodology for the preparation
of sections on noise in machine-specific C
standards is lacking. It is therefore absolutely necessary
to launch national and European programs to
promote application-oriented research to provide the
basis for machine-specific C standards covering
noise control for the most importantmachine groups.
The document "Assessing safety standards specific
to machinery and noise measuring standards"
(Annex C ofKAN Report No.8), which may be consulted
at the BAuA and the KAN secretariat, is relevant
to the issues in the above paragraph.
Noise Data and the Machine Operator
With its appeal to manufacturers to apply noise reduction
measures to minimize sound emissions
from machinery, the annex to Machinery Directive
89/392 forms the basis for the standardization concept.
The manufacturer is obliged to provide noise
data for his machine and to make this data available
for the purpose of noise reduction.
At the same time, the safety framework directive
89/391 places operators under an obligation to select
machines with the lowest possible level of noise
emission. The "worker protection" noise directive
86/188 16 (and the German regulations that implement
that directive), requires that useful information
on noise emission be available to assist in the procurement
of machinery.
The following is therefore necessary for a standardization
concept which has a positive effect on
occupational health and safety:
• Determination of the sound power level, which
represents total sound radiation under defined
conditions,
• determination of the emission sound pressure
level at the workstation, which indicates sound
radiation in defined conditions for a particular
machine workplace only,
• specification of typical operating conditions
(usually no-load operation, operation under load,
and agreed operating conditions) for machine operation
in practice, which essentially determines
the emission level, and
• determination of the difference between emission
values for operating conditions experienced in
practice (immission) and emission values resulting
from the conditions specified in the standard.
When estimating the effect of emission on
immission (see VDI 3760 17 and ISO TR 11690-3), a
distinction must be made between two types of
workplaces:
• A workplace at a machine exposed mainly to the
noise of that machine, and
• the workplace not at a specific machine which is
exposed to the noise from all machines in a room.
As a rule, two machine noise parameters, the sound
power level and the emission sound pressure level,
are important both for assessing the emission with
regard to noise control and for assessing the noise
exposure resulting from the emission.
Based on these noise parameters, the standardizationconcept
facilitatesnoise control at differentlevels:
• It provides a representation of the actual sound
emission from machines as illustrated in Fig. 1,
• it allows operators to procure machines with
emission levels lower than other machines in the
same machine group. The operator can thus fulfill
his obligation to use machines which are in
keeping with the state of the art for noise control.
(See Fig. 1.),
• it provides a manufacturer whose machines have
lowest emission values with an advantage in the
marketplace; it is worth the investment in the development
of low-noise machines. Lower-noise
therefore equates to higher-quality machines,
• specification of emission levels in technical documents
provides the opportunity to discuss and
negotiate the level of reduction of these values
when selecting a machine, and
• if emission values for machines are available,
then it is relatively easy to use a computer program
to calculate immission at the workplace using
VDI 3760 and ISO TR 11690-3.
This means that it is possible to examine the effect of
selecting quiet machines and pursue noise control
measures in the planning phase.
204
NoiselNews International
1998 December

c:
o
.~
"E f---7""'lf-1I:-i~;J4'.--oi----t-----;
w
-0 c:
::J
OJ
Characteristic Machine Parameter ---4
L1 andl2 describe twodifferent qualities of noisecontrolpertormance.
Mac~lines withan emission whichis lowerthanl2 havea higherquality
in respectof noisethanthoselowerthan L1.
Fig. l. Emission value rangevs. emission levels, according
to EN ISO 11689
Results
If consistently applied, the standardization concept
specific to machinery can facilitate the reduction
of levels of noise at the workplace. All sound
sources should be included if possible; not only
machines, but also machine elements, tools, and
operating procedures.
The availability of noise emission data for machinery
is, among other things, necessary for the
standardization concept to function. It is therefore
necessary at the European level to compile noise
emission data, at least for selected machines. The
emission value range should be included in safety
standards (C standards) specific to machinery. Current
sound emission data should be made available
to potential customers in a European database.
Moreover, an effective
method of estimating
noise levels at the
workplace (noise prediction)
is necessary in
order for this standardization
concept to function
properly. Based on
existing standards
(VDI 3760, ISO TR
11690-3), both simplified
methods of predie
ting noise and those
which take account of
complex operating situations
need to be developed
further.
State of the Art
The term "state of the
art" is used in ED direc-
Table 3: Need for standardization in occupational health and safety
and machine safety (1 =low need, 2 =medium, 3 =high)
Object of standardization
Emission Transmission Immission Definitions,
Standardization Sound sources: Sound Workrooms Wlp1ace, measuring
content machines, tools insulation Worksites Work-station. equipment,
operating procedures
meas'rnent
methods.
Framlwrk Machinestndrds.
specific Buildings
standards
Definition
measuringmethods
for noise parameters
112 2 2 I 2 I
Presentation of the
range of noise 1 3 2 1 2 2
parameters
Achievable values
(state of the art)
Examples of
low-noise design
Total number of
standards (approx.)
tives and national regulations to describe requirements
for technical systems without having to provide
far-reaching technical details. This is intended
to take account of the complexity, rapid development,
and wide variety of technical systems. Ifregulations
require compliance with the state of the art, it
means that the current state for a high-quality technical
concept or technical product must be considered
(see EN 45020,18 EN 292-1).
In noise control standards, the term "state of the art
for noise control" is avoided. Instead, standards refer
to the acoustic quality or the acoustical performance
of a technical product. It can generally be assumed
that a high acoustic performance as described in a
standard is equivalent to the state of the art (for the
purposes of regulations). This means that criteria for
quality described in standards remain a flexible tool
for describing products and technical measures. Standards
can serve as the basis for assessing the state of
the art. They do not contain a positive or negative assessment.
The assessment of machinery with regard
to the state of the art remains a separate procedure
which is only used to make sure that there is compliance
with the requirements of regulations.
Need for Standardization
The study mentioned at the beginning of this article
established the need for standardization for individual
work system elements. These needs are quantified
in Table 3.
Need for Standardization for Machines
and Other Sound Sources
In general, the framework standards for establishing
noise emission and for reducing noise from machines
1 3 3 2 3 2
2 2/3 1 1 2 1
30 400 50 70 30 40 60
2
1998 December
NoiselNews International 205

already exist. However, they still need to be transposed
into machine-specific standards. If this were
done, it would be possible for manufacturers of, for
example, grinding wheels to specify the reduction in
noise emission which could be achieved using
low-noise grinding wheels compared with a reference
value under representative operating conditions.
Although some machine-specific safety standards
already contain sound measuring methods,
emission value ranges and acoustic levels in the
sense of attainable values are not yet included, except
perhaps in isolated cases.
There is, therefore, a considerable need for improvements
with regard to both quantity (number of
machine groups covered) and quality (inclusion of
noise measurement methods, reduction measures,
emission value ranges, achievable reductions) in
machine-specific safety standards.
Need for Standardization for
Sound Insulation Products
Sound insulation products (enclosures, sound absorbers,
partial enclosures, noise screens) should be
used both for noise reduction at the source (machines,
operating procedures) and, during transmission,
in work rooms and, in some cases, also at the
workplace (booths, hearing protectors). Standards
for measuring sound-absorbing properties (insertion
loss) exist at the national and international levels.
Design information on the application of sound
insulation products is provided in some standards
(EN ISO 11546-1,19 EN ISO 11546-2,19 EN ISO
11820,1° EN ISO 11821,11 EN ISO 11691 22).
Whether or not a sound insulation product reduces
the noise level sufficiently can only be assessed for
specific machinery or areas of industry. There is a
corresponding need for standardization in this area.
Need for Standardization for
Buildings and Work Rooms
Sound insulation of and in buildings only plays a
role in occupational health and safety in so far as
loud areas (production) should be kept separate
from quiet areas (foreman's office, offices, etc.). Existing
standardization is essentially sufficient for
this (VDI 2569,13 DIN 4109,24 ISO 9241_6 25).
The acoustic quality of rooms is assessed on the
basis of background noise and sound propagation
(reverberation time) ~EN ISO 11690-1, VDI 3760,
VDI 2569, VDI 2719 6). National and international
framework work standards for measuring these
sound propagation parameters already exist (VDI
3760, ISO 14257 27 ) .
Need for Standardization for Workplaces
Ifnoise parameters for individual work system elements
and individual noise control stages are avail-
able, then it is possible to estimate noise immission
at the workplace. The appropriate national and international
framework standards already exist.
Current standards can only take account of the
mean noise measurements ofa workroom; calculation
of noise immission at individual points is still
relatively inaccurate. Also required in standards are
calculation methods which allow account to be
taken of machine dimensions, the location of partial
sound sources and individual design features, e.g.,
the individual shadow effect of noise screens, large
machines or dividing panels.
Only framework standards (EN ISO 11690-1 and
-2) currently exist for the design of low-noise
workplaces. It is, however, well known that occupational
safety experts are often unable to apply framework
standards to specific industries. It is therefore
very helpful that some VDI guidelines include information
about realizable noise reductions and other
data relevant to particular machine types or sectors.
Summary
Noise control is effectively supported by the existing
standardization concept. The standardization concept
aims to describe and assess the individual work system
elements by defining certain noise parameters.
Standards for machines, sound insulation products,
workrooms and workplaces already exist. New
standards are only required in a few cases. However,
the quality of existing standards, especially that of
safety standards specific to certain types of machinery,
is not always adequate. In order to increase the
quality of standards specific to machinery it is necessary
to eliminate deficiencies and to improve standards
during revision. This can only be achieved
through effective cooperation between manufacturers,
users and acoustical experts within European
technical committees specific to machinery (CEN,
CENELEC) on the one hand and acoustics bodies/committees
at the national and European levels
on the other. If improved machine-specific standards
are to have a positive effect on occupational
health and safety, they must contain simple, practicable
methods of determining noise emissions, including
typical operating conditions, and describe
typical real noise emission values.
Internet Sites
The following sites on the Internet may be of interest
to readers of this article:
ISO: http://iso.ch
EU: http://europa.eu.int
CEN: http://cennorm.be
CENELEC: http://cenelec.be
VDI: http://www.vdi.de
206
NoiselNews International
1998 December

References
1. Council Directive 89/392/EEC of 14 June 1989 on the approximation
of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery. OJ
No. L 183,29.6, 1989, p.9.
2. Higginson, R., Jacques, J., and Lang, WW, Directives, Standards,
and European Noise Requirements, Noise/News International,
2,156-184,1994.
3. Lazarus et al. (1996), published as KAN report no.8, available
free of charge from KAN Secretariat, Alte Heerstrasse iii,
D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany.
4. NA Akustik Larrnminderung und Schwingungstechnik (Standards
Committee for Acoustics, Noise Control and Vibration
Technology in OIN and VOl).
5. Engineering Office for Technical Documentation (lTD),
Essen, Germany.
6. EN 292-1, Safety of machinery; basic concepts, general principIes
for design, part I: basic terminology, methodology. EN
292-2, Safety of machinery; basic concepts, general principles
for design, part 2: technical principles and specifications.
7 . EN 414: 1992 Safety of machinery; rules for the drafting and
presentation of safety standards.
8. ISO 3740:1980 Acoustics - Determination of sound power
levels of noise sources - Guidelines for the use of basic standards
and for the preparation of noise test codes, ISO 3741: 1988
Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise
sources - Precision methods for broad-band sources in reverberation
rooms, ISOIDIS 3741 Acoustics - Determination of sound
power levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Precision
methods for reverberation rooms, ISO 3742:1988 Acoustics­
Determination of sound power levels of noise sources - Precision
methods for discrete-frequency and narrow-band sources in
reverberation rooms, ISO 3743-1: 1994 Acoustics - Determination
of sound power levels of noise sources - Engineering methods
fcr small, movable sources in reverberant fields - Part I:
Comparison method for hard-walled test rooms, ISO
3743- ;~: 1994 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels
of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods
for small, movable sources in reverberant fields - Part 2:
Methods for special reverberation rooms, ISO 3744: 1994 Acoustics
-- Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using
sound pressure - Engineering method in an essentially free
field over a reflecting plane, ISO 3745: 1977 Acoustics - Determinat.nn
of sound power levels of noise sources - Precision
methods for anechoic and semi-anechoic rooms, ISO 3746:1995
Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise
sources using sound pressure - Survey method using an enveloping
measurement surface over a reflecting plane, ISO
3747: 1987 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of
noise sources - Survey method using a reference sound source,
ISOIDIS 3747 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels
of noise sources using sound pressure - Comparison method for
use in situ.
9. ISO 11200: 1995 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and
equipment- Guidelines for the use of basic standards for the determination
of emission sound pressure levels at a work station
and a: other specified positions. ISO 1120 I :1995 Acoustics ­
Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified
positions - Engineering method in an essentially free field
over reflecting plane, ISO 11202:1995 Acoustics - Noise
emitted by machinery and equipment - Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified
positions - Survey method in situ, ISO 11203:1995 Acoustics
- Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination
of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other
specified positions from the sound power level, ISO 11204: 1995
Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment ­
Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station
and at other specified positions - Method requiring environmental
corrections.
10. ISO 4871: 1996 Acoustics - Declaration and verification of
noise emission values of machinery and equipment.
II. ISO 12001: 1996 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery
and equipment - Rules for the drafting and presentation of a
noise test code.
12. ISOITR 11688-1: 1995 Acoustics - Recommended practice
for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part I:
Planning, ISOITR 11688-2:1998 Acoustics - Recommended
practice for the design oflow-noise machinery and equipment­
Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design.
13. ISO 11689: 1996 Acoustics - Procedure for the comparison
of noise-emission data for machinery and equipment.
14. ISO 11690-1: 1996 Acoustics - Recommended practice for
the design of low-noise workplaces containing machinery - Part
I: Noise control strategies, ISO 11690-2: 1996 Acoustics-Recommended
practice for the design of low-noise workplaces containing
machinery - Part 2: Noise control measures, ISOITR
11690-3:1997 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design
of low-noise workplaces containing machinery - Part 3:
Sound propagation and noise prediction in workrooms.
15. EN 1746 1998: Safety of machinery - Guidance for the
drafting of the noise clauses of safety standards.
16. ED Directive 86/188, Council directive of 1986 May 12, On
the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to
noise at work.
17. VOl 3760:1996 Guideline of the VOl (Verein Deutscher
Ingenieure - Association of German Engineers), Computation
and measurement of sound propagation in workrooms.
18. EN 45020: 1993 General terms and their definitions concerning
standardization and related activities. Trilingual version.
19. ISO 11546-1: 1995 Acoustics - Determination of sound insulation
performances of enclosures - Part I: Measurements
under laboratory conditions (for declaration purposes), ISO
11546-2: 1995 Acoustics - Determination of sound insulation
performances of enclosures - Part 2: Measurements in situ (for
acceptance and verification purposes).
20. ISO 11820: 1996 Acoustics - Measurements on silencers
in situ.
21. ISO 11821: 1997 Acoustics - Measurement of the in situ
sound attenuation of a removable screen.
22. ISO 11691: 1995 Acoustics - Measurement of insertion loss
of ducted silencers without flow - Laboratory survey method.
23. VOl 2569:1990 Sound protection and acoustical design in
offices.
24. OIN 4109:1989 Sound insulation in buildings; requirements
and testing.
25. ISOIDIS 9241-6, Ergonomic requirements for office work
with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 6: Guidance on the
work environment.
26. VOl 2719: 1987 Sound isolation of windows and their auxiliary
equipment.
27. ISO 14257:1997 Acoustics - Measurement and Modelling
of spatial sound distribution curves in workrooms in view of the
evaluation of the acoustical performance of workrooms.
1998 December
NoiselNews International 207

Noise Control in Buildings
The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA
(INCENSA) is grateful to Professor Cyril M. Harris,
Member of INCE, Board Certified, for permission to reprint
his text on Noise Control in Buildings. The book was
originally published by the McGraw-Hill Book Company
in 1994, and has been out of print for several years. Noise
Control in Buildings features contributions by leading
authorities on noise control, and contains a very complete
set of data on the properties of acoustical materials arid on
the sound insulation ofwalls and floor/ceiling constructions.
This wealth of technical information provides an invaluable
resource for the professional as well as the nonprofessional.
Noise Control in Buildings provides you with
complete information on:
• The properties and selection of acoustical materials
• The design of select wall and floor/ceiling
constructions
• Airborne sound insulation
• Control of noise communicated by building structures
• Acoustical characteristics of rooms
Also included are effective methods for dealing with noise problems in HVAC systems, plumbing
systems, and machinery - plus innovations in techniques for the design ofbuildings with low noise levels.
ORDER FORM
Enclosed is my check for __ USD. Please send me__ copies ofNoise Control in Buildings, Cyril
M. Harris, Editor, at 38 USD each. vii + 414 pp. ISBN 0-9622072-1-7. Postage is included except for
overseas orders shipped by air mail.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR OVERSEAS ORDERS. Payment must be made in U.S. funds, either
through a U.S. bank or through a bank which has a correspondent relationship in the United States.
Overseas orders must add an extra 14 USD if shipment overseas is to be by air mail.
Name,
Address,
_
_
City Postal code StatelProvince _
Country
_
Please make checks payable to the Institute of Noise Control Engineering and mail to:
Institute of Noise Control Engineering, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA.
Telephone: +1 9244624006; FAX: +1 9144630201; e-mail: hq@ince.org

Feature
Advances in Acoustical Standards
and Electroacoustics
Georqe S. K. Wong, Acoustical Standards, Institute For National Measurement Standards,
National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, KIA OR6.
George S. K. Wong is the
Program Leader responsible
for acoustical standards at the
National Research Council of
Canada, Institute for National
Measurement Standards. He
joined NRC in 1966 after graduating
with a Ph.D. from the University ofManchester
Institute for Science and Technology. He has
published more than 80 technical papers and reports
and is coeditor ofa book entitled AlP Handbook
of Condenser Microphones: Theory,
Calibration, and Measurements, with authorship
for six chapters.
Dr. Wong is a fellow ofthe Acoustical Society of
America and the Institute of Electrical Engineers
(UK,I. He is a member ofINCE and the Institute of
Mechanical Engineers (UK). He is heavily involved
in acoustical standards activities with international
and national organizations such as the ASA, IEC,
ISO, OIML and the CSA. Currently, he is Vice Chair
of the ASA Accredited Standards Committee on
Acoustics, 51; Associate Editor of the Standards
News Department of the Journal ofthe Acoustical
Society ofAmerica, and also serves as Chair and
member of several standards working groups. For
the Canadian Standards Association, he is Chair of
the Subcommittee on Calibration and Executive
Member of the ZI07 Committee on Acoustics and
Noise Control.
Introduction
Since the theme ofthe Congress at which this subject
matter was first presented* was Acoustical Developmentsfor
Urbanization, I would like to point out that
noise problems related to urbanization date back to
4000 BC An inscribed clay tablet has been discovered
which states that the Great Flood was the punishment
to the people for making too much noise which
disturbed the tranquillity of the gods. Community
noise zoning regulations have a long history. In about
600 BC, the city ofSybaris in Southern Italy required
tinsmiths and other noisy tradesmen to have their
shops outside the city walls. Several centuries later,
wheeled traffic from the Roman Forum was banned
because of noise and congestion; this could be one of
the earliest traffic noise regulations.
Acoustical standards activities can be traced to
the 3rd Century BC during the reign ofthe first Emperor
of China, Quin Shi Haung Di. Some ancient
Chinese weights and measures were based on acoustical
standards: a standard vessel used for measuring
grain and wine was defined not only as to weight but
also as to pitch when struck, and, given a uniform
shape and fixed weight, only a vessel of the proper
volume would give the proper pitch. Also, measures
derived from the length of a pitch pipe and its subdivisions
in terms of millet grains supplanted the previous
Chinese measures oflength that were based on
the dimensions of the human body, substantially increasing
the accuracy of those measures.
Today, acoustical standards are built on the foundation
of electroacoustics and acoustic metrology. I
will discuss some recently published acoustical
standards and describe a variety of unique
electroacoustical advances in instruments and in
measurement techniques for standardization that
have been or are being made by the international
acoustics community.
Some New Acoustical Standards
Three relatively new acoustical standards may be of
interest:
ANSI S3.44·1996 American National Standard
Determination ofOccupational Noise Exposure and
Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Impairment.
This standard is an adoption of the international
standard ISO 1999: 1990(E).
ANSI SI2.9-1997-Part 4, American National
Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description
and Measurement of Environmental Sound - Part 4:
*This article is based on the Keynote Address presented
at The Sixth Western Pacific Regional Acoustics
Conference, Hong Kung, China, 1997
November 19-21.
1998 December
NoiselNews International 209

Noise Assessment and Prediction of Long-Term
Community Response, and ANSIS12.9-1998-Part 5,
Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement
of Environmental Sound - Part 5: Sound
Level Descriptors for Determination of Compatible
Land Use. There are five parts: Part I is a general document,
Part 2 covers Measurement of Long-Term,
Wide-Area Sound, Part 3 covers Short-Term Measurements
with an Observer Present.
Part 4 of the above standard introduces two new
descriptors to facilitate the prediction of the response
of communities to the wide range of outdoor sounds:
adjusted sound exposure and adjusted sound exposure
level. The adjustments are to allow for the
change in annoyance caused by certain impulsive
sounds, the presence of discrete-frequency tones,
sounds that startle with low-frequency content and
background masking. Part 5 of the above standard
provides guidance on the compatibility of various human
uses of land with the acoustical environment.
Electroacoustics Pertaining to
Acoustical Instruments and Standards
Over the years, there have been many innovativeideas
that have benefited acoustical measurements and standardization.
I have selected only a few notable implementations
that may be of particular interest:
Active Noise Control
There are many research projects on this topic and
two summary papers have been published in this
magazine.' and elsewhere.f These papers did not,
however, emphasize research on hearing protectors.
Work on active noise cancellation for hearing
protectors (ear muffs) has been in progress for over
a decade. The arrangement is to sense the noise
level near the ear protector, and, with electronic circuits,
to generate a cancelling sound of equal level
to create a quieter zone at the entrance to the ear canal.
Most of the commercially available products
are based on analog technology that can provide
noise reduction of 10 to 20 dB. The noise cancelling
bandwidth is from 30 to about 1000 Hz. In the
digital implementatiorr' illustrated in Fig.l, the improvements
can reach 30 dB at specific frequencies.
In general, active noise cancellation for
hearing protectors is easiest to implement at low
frequencies.
One of the recent applications of noise-cancelling
technology is to reduce the volume of brass musical
instruments (Yamaha, Band & Orchestral Division)."
The system has a built-in microphone to
sense the sound produced. With a control module
and a pair of headphones, the musician is able to
hear the instrument at full volume and yet the sound
produced is reduced by 60 dB.
Adaptive Feedforward
ANR
M 1 : Refer. Mic
S: Earphone
M 2 : ErrorMic
x
u
Adaptive
Feedforward
ANRController
Head
Fig. 1. Active noise reduction (ANR) for hearing protectors
(G. Pang et al., JASA 1996).
Hearing Aids
Advances in hearing aid technology are very impressive.
Digital control and programming for custom
fit of frequency response to the needs of a
person are the norms for hearing aids. Figure 2
shows the use of beam forming with an array of
small microphonesr' it is one of the latest developments.
With digital signal processing of the microphone
signals, the sensing device is automatically
steered toward the sound source or a speaker.
Sound Intensity Measurement
Sound intensity measurement requires two microphones
mounted at a precisely known short distance
from each other. When the sound wave strikes the mi-
Broadside (14em)
... ~
ell ell ell ell ell
Fig. 2. Beam forming for hearing aids (W Soede et al.,
JASA 1993).
210
NoiselNews International
1998 December

(a)
M 4
6:~f=========::::CI~
Fig. 3. Three dimensional sound intensity probe (H. Suzuki et al., lASl 1995).
(b)
crophones, the time delay between the first and the
second microphone enables the sound intensity to be
computed and the direction of the intensity vector to
be discerned. A notable design innovation.i' illustrated
in Fig. 3, is the implementation of a
three-dimensional intensity probe (Ono Sokki, Japan)
that consists of four microphones that are arranged
at the apexes of a regular tetrahedron. A
four- channel FFT analyser is used.
Gain Compensation WithVoltages to
ExtendInstrument Dynamic Range
Designers of acoustical measuring instruments usually
[lave to compromise between the uncertainty of
measurement and the dynamic range of the instrument.
As the dynamic range increases, the uncertainry
of the quantity measured increases. A
precision measuring amplifier' that is not limited
by the above restrictions has been designed and
tested; its characteristics are shown in Fig. 4. As the
input signal increases, the instrument inserts
attenuators in the input circuits. With each attenuator
(say 10 dB) insertion, the output from a logarithmic
converter decreases by a fixed value (for
example, 0.1 volts). However, a voltage of 0.1 volts
can he added to the output of the converter to compensate
for the loss due to attenuation. As more
attenuators are activated, more voltages are added
by a summing amplifier. The added voltages are de-
~'T-lin,--__o .....---9--1
I
I
I I
~
Atlenuators
I
I
I
--_ I
..-"
v; ....-...
v: ...-.0'-. ....---
Fig. 4. Gain compensation with voltages to extend dynamic range (G. Wong,
lASA 1979).
rived from precision voltage
trimmers such that the voltages
exactly compensate for the uncertainty
(smaller than 0.001 dB)
of each of the attenuators. The
prototype instrument has a
l20-dB dynamic range with an
uncertainty of less than 0.1 dB.
Miniature Noise
Measuring Device
A relatively small noise dose
badge is shown in Fig. 5, (Cirrus Research, United
Kingdom). It has a diameter of 47 mm and measures
the sound exposure of the wearer over the
A-weighted sound level range from 80 to l30-dB.
The microphone frequency range is from 31 Hz to 8
kHz. After the measuring session, the dose badge information
is transmitted via an infrared link to a hand
held reader; and the data can then be printed or stored
in a computer for analysis.
Miniature SoundLevelMeters
Designers of miniature instruments have two challenges:
1) miniaturization and 2) satisfactionof the requirements
of international sound level meter
standards. These challenges were met twenty years
ago with analog tecbnology'' Recently, a wide dynamic
range miniature sound level meter has been developed
by Etymotic Research in the United States,
and is shown in Fig. 6. The device, based on digital
technology, has a dynamic range (with A-weighting)
from 30 to 140 dB with manual and auto range controls.
Extensive type testing has shown that the device
can satisfy the requirements of international standards
over the required operating temperature range. The
shirt pocket miniature sound level meter has provision
for an RS232 data link for computer data logging.
NoiseIsolationCapfor Detection of the
Presence of Electromagnetic (EM) Field
The presence of an electromagnetic
field produced by power
transformers, cell phones, radio
phones, etc., may affect acousti-
V s
cal measuring instruments such
as sound level meters, personal
sound exposure meters and other
sensitive accessories. International
standards are being drafted
to enforce electromagnetic compatibility
requirements and test
procedures for sound level meters.
A simple test for the effects
of EM is to install a noise isolation
cap made of non-metallic
1998 December NoiselNews International 211

Fig. 5. Small noise dose badge (Cirrus Research, UK).
materials over the microphone of a sound level meter
before and after a measurement is taken. A cap
from ACO Pacific, USA is illustrated in Fig. 7. Ifthe
sound level does not decrease by approximately 30
dB when the noise isolation cap is installed, the
sound level meter may be affected by electromagnetic
interference.
Microphones WithImproved
Phase Match Characteristics
For sound intensity measurement with pressure microphones,
the requirements for phase match between
the microphone pair is relatively stringent. Due
to manufacturing reproducibility of the vent resistance
of the microphones, the variation of microphone
low-frequency phase match at 20 Hz is
typically 2 to 6 degrees. Even with selection at the
manufacturing production line, it is difficult and time
Fig. 7. Noise isolation cap for sound level meters (ACO
Pacific, USA).
consuming to select microphones with a high degree
of phase match. The addition of a rear microphone
chamber that has an extra resistance compliance network
provides attenuation of the rear pressure as well
as inserting favorable phase shift. These refinements
enable microphones'' to have closely phase matched
characteristics See Fig. 8 (Briiel and Kjer, Denmark).
With production selection, phase matching to
better that 0.05 degrees is feasible.
Phaseand Amplitude Match
of Condenser Microphones
The use of a three-port two-microphone cavity for
acoustical calibrations has been in use in Canada for
more than fifteen years. The technique relies on a
microphone interchange method: microphone 1
connected to measuring system 1 is compared with
microphone 2 connected to measuring system 2
with a three-port (two microphones and a driver)
cavity. After the level readings is taken at each ofthe
discrete frequencies, the microphones are interchanged,
i.e., microphone 1 is connected to system
2, and microphone 2 is connected to system 1. Another
set of level readings are taken. Ifmicrophone 1
is a reference microphone with a known frequency
response, and system 1 is a system with a calibrated
frequency response, then the frequency response of
microphone 2, the test microphone, and that of system
2 can be deduced.
Fig. 6. Miniature sound level meters. Model ER-44,
shown in the right. (Etymotic Research, USA).
Fig. 8. Microphone with improved phase match characteristics
(E. Frederiksen, Briiel and Kjcet; Denmark).
212 NoiselNews International 1998 December

Adaptor for
Microphone &
Preamplifier
Fig. 9. Three-port couplerfor matching microphones
(G. Wong, JASA 1991).
Similarly, the three-port two-microphone
cavity 10,1 1 can be used for a precision phase match
of microphones, as illustrated in Fig. 9. Again, the
microphone interchange method is used. Here, the
difference in phase response between the microphones,
and the phase difference between the two
measuring systems can be deduced. The uncertainty
of the method at midband frequencies is approximately
±0.05 degrees, including the uncertainty of
the phase meter.
chanical manipulation, the equivalent volume remains
constant during the measurement.
Precision Determination of Equivalent Volumes
for Reciprocity Calibration of Microphones
The uncertainty in reciprocity calibration of microphones
depends on the ability to determine the
equivalent volumes of the microphones and the coupler
combined. The equivalent volume - which includes
small volumes occupiedby screw threads and
an effective volume caused by nonrigidity of the microphone
diaphragm - is very difficult to measure
preciselj' A method of equivalent volume determination,
1 shown in Fig. 11, that reduces substantially
the uncertainty of reciprocity microphone
calibration has been developed. Three spacers with
precisely known thicknesses in steps of 0.1 em are
included in tum in the microphone cavity. Three
voltage ratios, ~, corresponding to each spacer
thickness are measured. With a precisely known
change in volume, based on known thicknesses and
internal diameters of the spacers, the equivalent volumes
of the microphones, V e , and coupler, V o , can
be calculated. This determination also includes corrections
for capillary tube impedances, heat conduction,
and gas density. For very precise
determination, the spacers are implemented with
optical flats whose thicknesses are measured with
interferometry, and the uncertainty ofthe equivalent
volume determination is approximately 20 ppm.
A Wide-band Piezoelectric Transducer
for Otoacoustic Emission Applications
Otoacoustic emission is a clinical technique based
on sending a small acoustical signal stimulus down
the ear canal and then listening with sensitive equipment
for a response signal generated by the ear. A
deviation from this technique is to send the acoustic
Three-port Coupler for Reciprocity
Calibration of Microphones
The reciprocity microphone calibration as prescribed
by the lEe 1094-2 standard requires voltage
ratio m.easurements for three combinations of microphone
pairs in a coupler. The conventional coupler
for microphone calibration makes it necessary
to remove the microphones and reinstall the microphone-coupler
arrangements. Depending on the design
of the coupler, the repeatability of the
mechanical positions of the microphones and coupler
introduces uncertainty. The three-rort method
for reciprocity microphone calibration, 2 illustrated
in Fig. 10, also eliminates the need to determine the
equivalent volumes for three microphone pairs.
Since the coupler encompasses the three microphones
simultaneously, and without the need of me-
Fig. 10. Three-port couplerfor reciprocity microphone
calibrations (R. Meldrum & S. Thwaites, CSIRO, Australia).
1998 December
NoiselNews International 213

Spacer
signal via a small dynamic bone
vibrator mounted on the forehead
of the test subject. The stimulus
is now based on a bone
conduction path.
Conventional electrodynamic
bone conducting transducers for
otoacoustic emission applications
are not capable of high frequency
operation. The high Fig. 11. Equivalent volume determination with precision spacers (G. Wong & T
frequency limit for bone con- Embleton, JASA 1979).
ducting otoacoustic emission
with conventional transducers is
within the range between 6 kHz and 10kHz. A
wide-band piezoelectric otoacoustic emission transducer
l4 that is capable of high frequency operation
to beyond 25 kHz has been developed, and is shown
in Fig. 12. This transducer is usable to more than 50
kHz. Initial trials have shown that sensation can be
detected by the human subject for frequencies beyond
35 kHz when the transducer is placed in contact
with the mastoid.
v
Future Innovative Ideas
I will mention only two of the many innovative concepts
that are currently under development that may
further influence our enjoyment of future urban living.
ActiveWallpaper@
The idea of active wall paper is based on the application
of sound sensing and sound correcting elements
onto a thin layer of composite material that can be
deployed as wall paper. When sound waves strike
the surface of the wall paper, sensors such as piezo
sheets, detect the magnitude and phase of the sound.
With the aid of imbedded circuits, a counter acting
motion is generated to neutralise the incoming
sound. This operation achieves two objectives: there
is little or no sound transmission through the wall,
and there is no sound reflection from the wall. In
other words, the properties of an anechoic room can
be implemented. In other applications, such as concert
halls, the electronic circuits can be tuned, under
the control of the concert master, such that the absorption
and reflection of a wall can be changed at
will. With imagination, one can think of many applications
in an urban society - reducing party noise
from neighbors or tuning your listening room to
simulate a concert hall of your choice.
Body Heat Power Generators
Devices such as hearing aids and miniature biomedical
devices that operate on relatively low voltages
can be powered by voltage sources generated by human
body heat. The idea is based on multi-junction
thermocouple technology. A conservative estimate
Fig. 12. Wide-band otoacoustic emission transducer (G.
Wong et al., Int. Congress on Noise Control Eng. 1996).
is that with modern integrated circuit manufacturing
technology, a small patch similar to the size of a first
aid bandage may be sufficient to power a hearing aid
or other device in the field of nano-technology.
Summary and Conclusions
Advances in electroacoustics pertaining to acoustical
measurements and standards have been described.
The material covered includes new
acoustical standards, active noise control, microphone
array for hearing aids, 3-D sound intensity
measurement, miniature noise dose and sound level
measuring instruments, noise isolation cap to detect
the presence of electromagnetic field, microphones
with improved phase match, and several acoustical
measuring techniques. Some of the methods, such
as the precision determination of equivalent volumes
for microphones calibration have already become
one of the many laboratory practices. Others,
such as the interchange of microphones for acoustical
calibrations are under consideration for incorporation
in a proposed IEC standards for comparison
calibrations of microphones. 15
We should applaud the many important advances
that have been made by the acoustical community in
214 NoiselNews International 1998 December

the last twenty years and be ready to welcome the
ones that will surely follow in the next decade.
References
1. S.J. Elliott and P.A. Nelson, Active noise control, Noise/News
International, 2, 75-98, 1994, Jiri Tichy, Applications for active
control of sound and vibration, NoiselNews International, 4,
73-86, 1996.
2. G.E. Warnaka, Active attentuation of noise - the state of the
art, Noise Control Engineering Journal, 18, 100-110, 1982, L.J.
Eriksson, Active sound and vibration control; A technology in
transition, Noise Control Engineering Journal, 44,1-9,1996.
3. G. J. Pang et al., Performance of a digital ANR hearing protector
in a reverberant chamber, 1. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100(4), Pt.2,
2675, 1996.
4. YamahaBand & OrchestralAccessory.YamahaCorp., Band &
Orchestral Division, Box 899, Grand Rapids MI 49512-0899.
5. WilliSoede et al., Assessment of a directional microphone array
for hearing impaired listeners, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94(2), Pt.
1,799808, 1993.
6. H. Suzukiet al., Performanceevaluationof a three dimensional
intensity probe, 1. Acoust. Soc. Japan (E) 16,4,233-238, 1995.
7. G.S.K. Wong, Precision A.C. voltage-levelmeasuring system
for acoustics, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65(3), 830-837,1979.
8. G.S.K. Wong,Development of a miniature sound-levelmeter,
J. Phys. E. Sci. Instrum. 10, 301-305, 1977.
9. E. Frederiksen,Phase characteristicsof microphones forintensity
probes, Proc. of 2nd Int. Congress on Acoustic Intensity,
Senlis, 23-30, 1985.
10. G.S.K. Wong and T.F.W. Embleton, Three-port
two-microphonecavityfor acousticalcalibrations,J.Acoust. Soc.
Am. 71(5),1276-1277,1982.
II. G.S.K. Wong, Precision method for phase match of microphones,J.
Acoust. Soc. Am. 90(3), 1253-1255, 1991.
12.B. H. Meldrumand S.Thwaites,Primary microphonecalibration
at CSIRO,Australia, Chapter 12, 199-212,in AlP Handbook
of Condenser Microphones. Theory, Calibration, and Measurements,
edited by George S. K. Wong and Tony F. W. Embleton
(American Institute of Physics, New York, 1995).
13. G.S.K. Wong and T.F.w. Embleton, Arrangement for precision
reciprocitycalibration of condenser microphones,J. Acoust.
Soc. Am. 66(5), 1275-1280, 1979.
14.G. S. K.Wonget al., A wide-bandpiezoelectrictransducerfor
otoacoustic emission applications, Proceedings International
Congress on Noise Control Engineering, Liverpool, United
Kingdom, Vol.5, 2565-2569,1996.
15. George S.K. Wong and Lixue Wu, Internchange microphone
method for calibration by comparison, Proc. INTER-NOISE 98,
Christchurch, New Zealand (to be published).
ASA Publishes International Standards Catalog
For the first time, the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America is offering a
complete set of international standards in Acoustics, Noise, Bioacoustics, and Mechanical Vibration
and Shock produced by the following International Technical Committees and Subcommittees under
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Electrotechnical
Commission (1EC).
• ISO/TC 43
• ISO/TC 43/SCI
• ISO/TCIOS
• ISO/TC lOS/SCI
.' ISO/TC IOS/SC2
.'
ISO/TC IOS/SC3
" ISO/TC IOS/SC4
.' ISO/TC IOS/SC5
.' ISO/TC IOS/SC6
" IEC/TC 29
ACOUSTICS
NOISE
MECHANICAL VIBRATION AND SHOCK
BALANCING, INCLUDING BALANCING MACHINES
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL
VIBRATION AND SHOCK AS APPLIED TO MACHINES,
VEHICLES, AND STRUCTURES
USE AND CALIBRATION OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO MECHANICAL VIBRATION AND SHOCK
CONDITION MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MACHINES
VIBRATION AND SHOCK GENERATING SYSTEMS
ELECTROACOUSTICS
The International Standards (as well as various Draft documents) of the above International
Technical Committees and Subcommittees are being distributed by the Acoustical Society under
license agreement from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) within the United States.
This International Standards Publication Program complements the National Standards Program,
under which all of the acoustical standards produced by the four S Committees (for which ASA
holds the Secretariats, under ANSI Procedures) are published, copyrighted, and distributed by
P~SA. For either the National Standards Catalog, or the International Standards Catalog, or both,
pllease contact A. Brenig, ASA Standards Manager, Acoustical Society of America, 120 Wall
Street, 32nd Floor, New York, New York 10005-3993, USA. Telephone: + 12122480373; Fax:
~"1 212 248 0146; E-mail: asastds@aip.org
1998 December NoisefNews International 215

Books
Handbook of Acoustics
Malcolm J. Crocker, Ed.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 3rd Avenue,
New York, NY 10158-0012, USA
Cloth, xviii+2016 pp., 1998, 150 USD
ISBN 0-471-25293-X
This volume is a "condensation" of the
Encyclopedia ofAcoustics edited by MJ.
Crockerand published by John Wiley and
Sons in 1997. It contains about 70% of
the original material in one volume instead
of four; material on bioacoustics
and animal acoustics has been eliminated
- as have some other chapters in the
book. In the review of the Encyclopedia
ofAcoustics published in this magazine
in 1997 September (Vol. 5, No.3, page
162), the material was viewed from the
point of view of a person interested in
noise control and noise control engineering.
It is therefore interesting to compare
the two works from that viewpoint.
The main part devoted to noise control,
Noise, Its Effects and Control, has
been republished in the handbook with
the exception on the chapter on "Determination
of the Noise Emission of Sound
Sources" by Lang and Maling. Almost all
of the original chapters in the part on
General Linear Acoustics have been retained.
The part on Acoustical Measurements
and Instrumentation remains, and
a useful additional chapter by Pope on
"Analyzers" has been added. The part on
Aeroacoustics and Atmospheric Sound
has been retained with the exception of
the chapter on "Acoustic Streaming" by
Riley. Similarly, the part on Architectural
Acoustics is complete except for a chapter
on "Sound Propagation in
Workspaces" by Kurze.
The material on ship and propeller
noise by Collier is retained as is all of
the part on Mechanical Vibration and
Shock- with the exception of the chapter
by Clarkson on the "Effects of High
Intensity Sound on Structures." The
part on Statistical Methods is also contained
in the new handbook version of
the Encyclopedia.
Ruido - Fundamentos y Control
Samir N.Y. Gerges
NR Consultoria e Trienamento
Av. Afonso de Lambert 200
88062-0000 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Paperback, xxiv + 555 pp., 1998,65 USD
+14 USDfor FEDEXdelivery. In Spanish.
ISBN 85-900-01-x
This is the Spanish edition of a text originally
published in 1992 in Portuguese.
The principal purpose of the book is to fill
a need in Latin America for a technical information
on control of environmental
and industrial noise. The first chapter is
an introduction to acoustical waves.
Sound pressure, the speed of sound, the
decibel, addition and subtraction of levels,
sound intensity are all covered.
Sound propagation is covered - as is
sound intensity. One dimensional and
three dimensional wave propagation are
also covered. Chapter 2 covers the effects
of noise and vibration on humans. Measurement
of noise is covered in Chapter 3
- including the use of sound level meters,
microphones and other transducers.
Sound intensity measurements and other
analysis techniques are covered.
Chapter 4 covers radiation of sound
from vibrating structures, including
monopole and dipole radiation and radiation
from pistons. Building acoustics is
covered in Chapter 5; transmission of
sound waves in structures, the coincidence
effect, two-room transmission loss
measurements, and reverberation room
techniques. Chapter 6 is devoted to sound
propagation outdoors and noise barriers.
There is a return in Chapter 7 to room
acoustics including the modal structure
of sound fields and the sound fields produced
by monopole, dipole, and
quadrupole sources.
Chapter 8 is devoted to sound absorptive
materials, the measurement of sound
absorption coefficient, and absorptive
duct silencers. Reactive silencers, sound
propagation in ducts, resonators, and insertion
loss of various resonant duct configurations
are covered - as is active
control in ducts. Chapter 10 covers reduction
of vibration using isolators, and­
Chapter 11 is devoted to control of noise
from sources such as electric motors,
valves, compressors, and diesel engines.
There is also considerable emphasis on
various types of fans, and the chapter includes
examples of good and bad practice
with regard to the location of fans in ducts.
Hearing protectors are covered in chapter
12, and Chapter 13 contains information
on engineering control of noise in a
variety of situations, including various air
nozzle configurations for noise reduction.
Computational Acoustics and its
Environmental Applications II
Edited by C.A Brebbia, J. Kenny, and
R.D. Ciskowski
Computational Mechanics Publications,
25 Bridge Street, Billerica, MA 01821
Hardcover, xi + 223 pp., 1997, 138 USD
ISBN 1-85312-459-1
This book is the proceedings of the Second
International Conference on Computational
Acoustics and its Environmental
Applications (COMPAC 97). The papers
are divided into four parts, Numerical
and Computational Techniques,
Aero-Acoustics, Building Acoustics,
Wave Propagation, and Sound Systems
Design and Experiment. Three papers
that should be of special interest in noise
control are:
• An efficient Fourier BEM formulation
for acoustic radiation of
axisymmetric structures by
AH.W.M. Kuijpers, G. Verbeek, and
J.w. Verheij.
• Numerical analysis of acoustic spectral
problem for three-dimensional
domains with stationary flow and
acoustic absorption of walls by L.L.
Golotina and LN. Shardakov.
• A numerical method for the simulation
and prediction of the sound
pressure levels of enclosed spaces.
Application to a real workshop by R.
Sancibrian, F. Viadero, C. De Miguel,
and P. Garcia-Fernandez.
216
NoiselNews International
1998 December

CONTROL
The illustrations in thisfeature articleappearedfirst in a book published in Swedish
by Arbetarskyddsfonden, the Swedish Work Environment Fund. The Fund was establishedbynationallegislation
inSwedento conductresearch and educationinthefield of
workenvironment improvement, and isjointly operatedby Swedishemployersand labor
unions.
The book was translated into English and disseminated as a guidefor workers and
employers by the U.S. Department ofLabor. It has also been translated into other languages,
notably Finnish and Danish, but its overall circulation has been limited. The
illustrations are being republished here to give them wider circulation, particularly
among noise control engineers.
The formulation ofthe principles, the choice ofexamples and the preparation of
preliminary sketches was the work of Stig Ingemansson. The original illustrations
were prepared by Claes Folkesson.
The principles and practice ofnoise control are presented in eight sections:
Principles
and
Practice
(Pari 14)
A. Sound behavior
B. Soundfrom vibrating plates
C Sound production in air or gases
D. Sound production inflowing liquids
F Sound propagation indoors
F Sound propagation in ducts
G. Soundfrom vibrating machines
H. Sound reduction by enclosure walls.
The text of the U.S. Department of Labor translation has been checked and improvedby
the author. The illustrationsare beingpublished serially in NoiselNews International.
Illustrations Al through A4 appeared in NNI, Vol 2 No.2, 1994 June,
pages 108-115. Illustrations A5 throughA8 appeared in NNI, Vol2. No.3, 1994 September,
pages 185-193. Illustrations Bl through B3 appeared in NNI, Vol. 2, No.4,
1994 December, pages 244-249. Illustrations B4 through B6 appeared in NNI, Vol. 3,
No.1, 1995 March, pages 46-51. Illustrations B7 through C2 appeared in NNI, Vol. 3,
No.2, 1995 June, pages 120-127.Illustrations C3 throughC5 appeared inNNI, Vol. 3,
No.3, 1995 September, pages 178-183. Illustrations C6 throughD1 appeared in NNI,
Vol. 3, No.4, 1995 December, pages 238-243. IllustrationsD2 throughE2 appeared in
Nl\'l, Vol. 4, No.1, 1996 March, pages 40-45. Illustrations E3 through1"1 appeared in
Nl\'l, Vol. 4, No. 3,pages 160-167.Illustrations1"2 and 1"3 appeared inNNI, Vol. 4, No.
4, pages 226-229. Illustrations 1"4 and 1"5 appeared in NNI, Vol. 5, No.3, pages 158­
61. Illustrations 1"6 and G1 appeared in NNI, Vol. 6, No.1, 1998 March, pages 38-41.
Illustrations G2 through G5 appeared in NNI, Vol., 6, No.3, pages 158-165. IllustratiO'IS
appearing in this issue are the following:
G6. Sound through connections must be blocked.
HI. The TL ofa single wall is estimated from its surface weight.
H2. A singlewall providespoor sound insulationaround a certainfrequency.
Stig Ingemansson is the founder of
Sweden's leading consulting firm in
acoustics. He was a lecturer in acoustics
for many years at Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, and
recently received an honorary doctorate
from the university. His address is: Stig
N.P. Ingemansson, DNV Ingemansson AB,
Gullbergs Strandgata 6, Box 276, S-40 124
Gothenburg, Sweden.
These illustrationsshould assist engineers in explaining to others thefundamental
principles ofnoise control. -Ed.
1998 December NoiselNews International 217

SOUND THROUGH CONNECTIONS
MUST BE BLOCKED
Vibration isolation of a machine may be ineffective if
sound is transferred through connections for oil,
electricity, water, etc. These connections must be made
very flexible.
Principle
: ~ ".
" ,
--' ::...
'. ,
" ,
· .
· .'
"
, "
, .
, .'
J • ','
/
/
/
pipeline from machine
flexible connection
·
'.-: :~' ,
: ~.
-'-'----------_--:;/._------------------'
218 NoiseJNews International 1998December

Application to machines with connections for utilities.
Example
Cooling systems may be major sources of noise as a
result of intense pressure shocks in the liquid from
compressors. Great care must be given to vibration
isolation.
Control Measure
Compressors may be vibration isolated with steel
springs. In addition, flexible connections should be used
for all inlet and discharge pipes.
low pressure line,
reinforced rubber tubing
high pressure line,
flexible metal tubing
steel springs
1998 December NoiseJNews International 219

THE TL OF A SINGLE WALL IS
ESTIMATED FROM ITS SURFACE
WEIGHT
Transmission loss (TL) is a measure of a wall's ability
to reduce a sound level. At low frequencies and small
wallthicknesses, the surface weight in kg/m 2 determines
the difference in level between incident and transmitted
sound. If the thickness or the frequency are increased, a
limit will be reached which depends on the wall
material.
Principle
60
TL in dB
50
limiting values
40
30
26
20
10
• ·t
,. aluminum
plaster.
glass
O+------r----r---T-.----,------r---,---.,-----,
1000 2000 3000 5000 10000 20000 30000 50000 100000
t weight per unit area (kg/m2) x frequency (Hz)
Example: What TL will be provided by a 15 mm thick chipboard panel at 500 Hz The panel weighs 10 kg/m 2 •
Solution: 10 x 500 = 5000. Thus. the TL will amount to about 26 dB.
220 NoiselNews International 1998 December

Application with a thin screen.
Example
A sand blast operation creates
excessive noise.
Control Measure
A separate room is constructed
for the ventilation fan and other
auxilary equipment. The blasting
equipment is separated from other
work areas with a drapery of
lead-rubber fabric, which is
heavy but flexible.
ventilation
workplace
sound-isolated machine room
lead-rubber drapery
1998 December NoiselNews International
221

A SINGLE WALL PROVIDES POOR
SOUND INSULATION AROUND A
CERTAIN FREQUENCY
At frequencies near the critical or coincidence frequency,
the transmission loss of the wall is reduced. At
frequencies above the coincidence frequency, the TL
will increase again. Only if the wall has high internal
damping will the depth of the coincidence dip be
reduced. At 1000 Hz, a 1.5 mm thick steel plate gives
better insulation than a 10 mm thick plate.
Principle
thickness (mm)
TL (in dB)
70
steel plate
steel, glass, aluminum
200
60
concrete
80mm ,- plaster, brickwork,
100
50 chipboard
40
30 20
50 light concrete
30 lead
20 coincidence dip 10
10
5
a 3
: :
125 Hz 1000 Hz 6700 Hz 50 100 200 500 1000 2000 5000 20000
coincidence frequency (Hz)
222 NoiseJNews International 1998 December

Application with light single walls.
Example
Behind one end wall in a long
factory room are a number of
machines with an intense
noise level peaking at around
1000 Hz. The end of the
room is isolated with a wall
of 25 mm thick chipboard and
6 mm thick glass. The
isolation is ineffective since
the chipboard has its coincidence
frequency at 1000 Hz
while the corresponding
frequency for the 6 mm glass
is at 2000 Hz.
Control Measure
The chipboard is replaced by
two layers of 9 mm plasterboard.
Isolation is improved
by about 10 dB. The plasterboard
weighs about the same
as one 25 mm thick chipboard,
but it is less than onefourth
as rigid. Its concidence
dip is located at 2500 Hz.
6mm
thick
glass
two 9 mm thick plasterboard
pieces ---If-
.. .
noisy 'machines
1998December
NoiselNews International
223

The INTER-NOISE98 Proceedings will soon be available on both CD-ROM and in a
printed version. For more information on the availability of these proceedings, contact
Noise Control Foundation,P.O. Box2469 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA.
Telephone: +1 9244624006; FAX: +1 914463 0201;
e-mail: hq@ince.org
Or check the Internet page: http://users.aoLcom/noiseconf/i98_pro.html
Name,
Address,
_
_
City Postal code StatelProvince
Country
_

European News
A. Cops, European Editor
Denmark
European Noise Conference is Held in
Copenhagen. On behalf of the European
Commission's Directorate General for
the Environment, DG XI, the Danish Environmental
Protection Agency organized
the Invitational Conference on the
EU's Future Noise Policy on 1998 September
07-08 in Copenhagen. More than
200 e xperts from different European
countries attended the meeting.
Part of the Conference was allocated
to Plenary Sessions and a large part of the
Conference was allocated to parallel sessions
with 5 Working Groups. During the
Plenary Sessions the following Keynote
Lectu-es were given:
• Ambient Noise as one of the Main
Environmental Challenges and
Danish Abatement Efforts, by Mr.
Svend Auken, Minister of the Environment
and Energy, Denmark
• The EU's New Noise Policy and its
Relevance to our Urban Environment,
by Ms. Ritt Bjerregaard, EU
Commissioner for the Environment
• Traffic Noise Reduction in European
Cities - A Copenhagen Perspective,
by Mr. Jens Kramer
Mikkelsen, The Lord Mayor of Copenhagen
• Towards Operational Information
to Support Noise Policy in EU, by
Mr. Domingo Jimenez-Beltran, Executive
Director of the European Environmental
Agency
• The Citizens' and Cities' Point of
View on Noise Abatementand Prior­
Hies, by Mr. Christian Popp,
Vice-President of German DAL
• Organizationof Future Noise Policy
_.- The Concept of Steering Committee
and Working Groups, by Dr.
Tjeert ten Wolde, DG XIJD/3
• The Way Ahead, by Dr. Tjeert ten
'Nolde, DG XIJD/3
• The Fifth Framework Programme,
by Per Kruppa, DG XII
• 'Commission Draft Document, by
Mr. Prudencio Perera, Head of Unit,
DG XI/D/3
A large part of the Conference was allocated
to 5 parallel session related to 5
Working Groups which have been created
by the Commission in order to develop
the new EU noise policy:
I. Indicators
2. Dose/Effect
3. Computation and Measurement
4. Noise Maps
5. Abatement.
A full work programme has been developed
by each WG to show deliverables,
time schedule, interim reports and
checks. The Chairman of each WG has
been directed to seek unanimity in the deliberations.
The work of each WG will be
concluded with the publication of a position
paper.
The conference was animated with
fruitful discussions and provided the participants
personally with an excellent opportunity
to influence future noise policy
in Europe.
Belgium
ISMA23 Conference is held in Leuven.
The ISMA23 Conference on Noise and
Vibration Engineering was held on the
city campus of the Catholic University of
Leuven from September 16 to 18, 1998.
The ISMA23 conference was sponsored
and organized by the Division PMA (Production
Engineering, Machine design
and Automation) of the K.U.Leuven, and
supported by COST action F3 on Structural
dynamics. COST is the European
co-operation in the field of scientific and
technical research. The 25 participating
member states and the EC fund the European
co-ordination of national research
efforts.
The ISMA23 conference provides a
forum for engineers, researchers and
other professionals active in the field of
modelling, analyzing, testing and improving
the noise and vibration characteristics
of mechanical systems
(especially automotive and aerospace
systems) and civil structures. The conference
focuses on topics where the interaction
between noise and vibration
behavior is crucial such as vibro-acoustic
analysis and testing, noise and vibration
harshness (NVH) and noise and vibration
control. Modal testing remains one of the
backbones of the conference; recent
(modal) application fields such as structural
integrity assessment and modal updating
are stressed.
Prior to the conference a course and a
seminar were organized on 14-15 September
in the Department of Mechanical
Engineering of the K.U.Leuven. The intensive
course on Modal Analysis: Theory
and Practice was attended by 40
participants. 50 participants attended the
seminar on Advanced Techniques in Applied
and Numerical Acoustics. Printed
proceedings of ISMA23, consisting of
three volumes and 1600 pages are available.
In addition, a CD-ROM version of
the proceedings will be available. Moreover,
proceedings of ISMA conferences
from 1988 until 1996 have been compiled
on the ISMA library CD-ROM.
More information can be obtained at
the following address:
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
PMA
Celestijnenlaan, 300B
B-300 I Heverlee, BELGIUM
Tel+32 1632.24.82,;FAX+32 1632.29.
87e-mail:lieve.notre@mech.ku1euven.ac.be
WOlfel Supports Environmental Pollution
Modeling. Wolfel MeBsysteme ­
Software GmbH & Co. (Wurzburg, Germany)
has announced an order from
"Institut Bruxellois de Gestion de
l'Environnement - Brussels Milieu
Institut (IEGE-BIM)" for an urban air
pollution simulation program. This program
is to become part of a larger software
system that manages the totality of
environmental emission and immission
data in Belgium's capital and the surrounding
communities.
Wolfel has a long-time experience in
air-dispersion modeling and noise prediction
software. Together with its distributors,
Wolfel actively develops,
supports, sells and implements environmental
models worldwide.
1998 December
NoiselNews International
225

Asia-Pacific News
Anita Lawrence, Asia-Pacific Editor
JAPAN
The new environmental quality standard
for noise has justbeen issued by the Environmental
Agency in Japan. The noise
descriptorofLAeq, instead ofLso, is introduced
in the standard. This standard is applied
to road traffic noise assessment in
mostcases. The details ofthe standard are
as follows and it will come into force on
1999 April 01.
Values of environmental quality standards
are listed for each area type and
time category in the following table. Prefectural
governors shall designate the
area type.
Area Category
AA
AandB
C
Standard Value
Daytime Nighttime
50 dB
55 dB
60 dB
40 dB
45 dB
50 dB
Area Category
A
B
C
Standard Value
Daytime Nighttime
(facing roads
with two or
more lanes) 60 dB 55 dB
(facing roads
with two or
more lanes) 65 dB 60 dB
and
(facingroads)
The following values are applied for
spaces adjacent to artery roads in spite of
the standards for areas facing roads.
Standard Value
Daytime Nighttime
70 dB
65 dB
A .•:'
'rf
Notes:
1. Daytime: between 6:00 a.m. and
10:00 p.m. Nighttime: between 10:00
p.m. and 6:00 a.m. of the next day.
2. AA: Areas where quiet is specially required,
such as those in which convalescent
facilities are densely located.
A: An area that is used exclusively for
residences.
B: An area that is used mainly for residences.
C: An area that is used for commerce and
industries as well as for considerable
numbers of residences.
For areas facing roads, the following
values shall be applied instead of the values
shown above.
Notes:
Indoor standards for noise transmitted
from outside (daytime: 45 dB, nighttime:
40 dB) can be applied for residences
whose windows are judged as usually
closed at their vulnerable sides to noise.
(Editor's note: This translation into
English is not an official version.)
NEW ZEALAND
Approximately 500 persons were registered
for INTER-NOISE 98, the 1998 International
Congress on Noise Control
Engineering, held in Christchurch, New
Zealand, on 1998 November 16-18. In
addition, exhibitor personnel occupied
40 exhibit booths, and there were many
accompanying persons. A complete report
will be presented in the March issue
of this magazine. See page 224 for the
availability of the proceedings.
AUSTRALIA
Noise Effects '98, the 7th Congress on Noise as a Public HealthProblem, was held
in Sydney, Australia, on 1998 November22-26. A report on the Congress will appear
in this department in the 1998 March issue of NNI.
226 NoiselNews International 1998 December

Pan-American News
George Maling, Pan-American Editor
USA
In 1998 August, the U.S. FederalAviation
Administration (FAA) released the 1997
Progress Report on the Transition to
Quieter Airplanes. This is an edited version
ofa portion ofthat report. The full
reporr can be found on the Internet at
http://www.aee.jaa.gov/aee-300/part91/
96report/pt91-98.htm. - Ed. The full report
is the sixth annual report submitted
to Congress in response to 49 USC
47528, which establishes a uniform policy
at the national level to reduce aviation
noise by expediting the phaseout ofStage
2 airplanes and the transition to an all
Stage 3 fleet. The full report presents airplane
operators' compliance progress
from January I, 1997, through December
31, 1997.
The Airport Noise and Capacity Act
of 1990 (ANCA) (now codified at 49
USC 47521-47533) requires a phased
elimination ofthe operation ofcivil, subsonic
Stage 2 turbojet airplanes over
75,000 pounds to or from airports in the
contiguous United States by December
31, 1999. The statute also prohibits importation
ofStage 2 aircraft after November
11, 1990, but provides for
U.S.-owned Stage 2 airplanes leased to
foreign operators to be returned to operation
in the United States.
The regulations implementing the part
ofi\NCA known as the Stage 3 transition
rule were effective on September 25,
1991, and are codified at 14 CFR part 91,
Subpart I, Operating Noise Limits. The
regulations provide two options to meet
the schedule for the transition to 100 percent
Stage 3 by December 31, 1999. One
option allows an operator to meet the compliance
schedule by phasing out Stage 2
airplanes. Under this option, an operator
ma y operate no more than 75 percent of its
Stage 2 base level after December 31,
1994,50percent after December 31, 1996,
and 25 percent after December 31, 1998.
Base level is equal to the maximum number
of owned or leased Stage 2 airplanes
that were on an operator's operations
specifications on a single day selected by
the operator during the period January 1,
1990, through July 1, 1991. The second
option allows an operatorto meet the compliance
schedule by attaining a fleet composition
ofnot less than 55 percentStage 3
airplanes after December 31, 1994, 65
percent after December 31, 1996, and 75
percent after December 31, 1998. New entrant
operators (those that did not conduct
operations on or before November 5,
1990) must operate a fleet composed of at
least 25 percent Stage 3 airplanes after December
31, 1994, 50 percent after December
31, 1996, and 75 percent after
December 31, 1998. All operators must
operate 100 percent Stage 3 fleets after
December 31, 1999.
The statute provides that a domestic
air carrier may apply to the Secretary of
Transportation for a limited waiver beyond
the statutory deadline. The implementing
regulations provide for the grant
ofa waiver by the FAA at an interim compliance
date if a petitioner can show,
among other criteria, that a grant of a
waiver would be in the public interest. A
petitioner must also show that a reasonable
plan to meet compliance was established
and that a good faith effort was
made to implement that plan.
The composite data derived from the
1997 operator reports show that the number
of Stage 2 large civil subsonic turbojet
airplanes operating in the contiguous
United States continued to decline. By the
end of 1996, domestic and foreign operators
had collectively phased out 44.7 percent
of the Stage 2 airplane fleet. In 1997,
this figure increased by 6.9 percent for a
total cumulative Stage 2 fleet reduction of
51.6 percent from base level. Stage 2 airplanes
are being modified to meet Stage 3
noise levels or are being replaced by new
Stage 3 airplanes designed with the latest
quiet technology. The number of Stage 3
airplanes operating in the United States is
increasing. By the end of 1996, Stage 3
airplanes constituted 75.5 percent of the
combined domestic and foreign operator
fleets of large turbojet airplanes operating
to and from U.S. airports. In 1997, this fig-
ure increased by 4.3 percent for a total
Stage 3 fleet of 79.8 percent.
The FAA is monitoring each operator's
progress toward meeting the interim
compliance requirements. The agency
also monitors domestic operators' progress
against their stated compliance plans
through direct communication and provides
for contact with foreign operators
and foreign civil aviation officials to ensure
that they are aware of and prepared
to meet the interim compliance requirements.
Compliance monitoring is an ongoing
effort with the goal of assisting
operators in achieving interim compliance
deadlines.
Eriksson Research is Founded. Dr.
Larry 1. Eriksson has announced the formation
ofEriksson Research, LLC, an interdisciplinary
research and consulting
company. The company will focus on assisting
organizations in the application of
adaptive approaches to management,
technology, and education through research,
presentations, seminars, short
courses, and consulting. This will include
a broad range of product research and development
applications using adaptive
systems technology as well as the application
ofthese adaptive concepts to management
issues. Dr. Eriksson's previous
work has led to the creation of a wide
range of adaptive control technology and
products as well as the formation of
Digisonix, a leader in the application of
adaptive technology to active sound and
vibration control and digital communications
systems. More recently, he has been
expanding the application of these concepts
to management issues as well. Previously
he was Vice-president ofresearch
for Nelson Industries, Inc., and following
the recent purchase of Nelson by the
Cummins Engine Company, he was the
Chief Technical Officer of the
FleetguardlNelson Filtration and Acoustics
Systems unit. Dr. Eriksson is a Fellow
ofthe Acoustical Society of America and
the Society of Automotive Engineers.
The company Internet site IS
http://www.execpc.coml-erikres.
19'~8 December
NoiselNewsInternational
227

INCE Update
The Boards of Directors of International INCE and
INCE/USA welcome the opportunity afforded by this departmentof
NNI to bring readers up to date on the activities
of the two organizations. Published here are reports
onactions takenand planned by the two Boards, activities
ofcommittees, summaries ofdiscussions anddecisionsof
general interest, etc. Announcements and reports of the
major conferences of I-INCE and INCE/USA will be
found in otherNNI departments. It is the intentof this department
to keep the reader informed of what's going on
within the twoorganizations thatjointlyshare the responsibility
for the publication of Noise/News International.
INeE/USA
INTER-NOISE 99 Student Paper Prize Competition.
INCEIUSA is pleased to announce a Student Paper Prize Competition
for INTER-NOISE 99, The 1999 International Congress
and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, to be held
in Fort Lauderdale, Floridaon 1999December6-8. As many as
five prizes will be awarded, each with a valueof approximately
1300 USD. Winners will receive 1000 USD in cash, a complimentary
registration for INTER-NOISE99 valued at approximately
300 USD, and ten reprints of the prize-winning paper
which will be published in the Proceedings of INTER-NOISE
99. The cash awardswill be as follows : 500 USD in advanceof
INTER-NOISE99 and500 USD at a INTER-NOISE 99 awards
ceremony. Ifthe paper is expanded and, after peer review, publishedinNoise
Control Engineering Journal, thestudentwillreceivean
additional500 USD award.The competitionis open to
students in American colleges and universities.
The manuscript mustdeal with some aspectof noisecontrol.
(See the INCE Classification of Subjects.) The paper should
deal with a practical aspect of noise control; it does not have to
relateto thesisresearch. Practical results should be stressed.Literature
reviews are not encouraged.
Each manuscriptsubmitted must represent original work by
the author(s) who is (are) registered as student(s) at a U.S. university
or college. The name of the U.S. university or college
mustappearon the manuscript.A faculty advisor may serveas a
co-author if appropriate;the nameof a faculty memberwillnormallybelistedas
thelastco-author. Allauthorsmustbe students
(or the faculty advisors of the students if appropriate). Prize
money (if any) will be divided equally among the student
co-authors. Winners of previous INCEIUSA Student Paper
Prize Competitionsare not eligible.
The originality of each manuscript must be certified by the
signatureof a facultymemberat theU.S.university orcollegeat
which the student(s) is (are) registered. If a faculty member is
listed as a co-author, he or she must certify that the student(s)
madethe majorcontributiontothe workreportedin thepaper.
All student authors must be Associates or Members of
INCEIUSA. The faculty membercertifying to the originality of
a submitted paper must be an Associate or Member of
INCEIUSA. (Note: If the author(s) or faculty membersare not
Associates or Members of INCE/USA, application(s) and
check(s) for such status must accompany the manuscript submission.
Students are eligible for a discounted rate of 20 USD
per year.
The manuscriptmustbe six pagesin lengthand mustbe suitable
for publication in the Proceedings of INTER-NOISE 99
without retyping. Instructionsfor authors will be supplied.
An abstractof the manuscriptmustbe submittedby the regular
deadline for receipt of abstracts, 1999 May 04. The author
should indicatethat the manuscriptto be submitted is to be
consideredin the competition. Manuscripts, accompanied by
a Competition Entry Form, must be received no later than
1999 August 03 which is one week before the regular paper
deadline. If the student(s) and faculty member are not Associates
or Members of INCEIUSA, application forms and checks
payable to INCEIUSA must be receivedby 1999August 03.
All decisions of the judges appointed by the President of
INCEIUSA are final. The Institute reserves the right to make
fewer than five awards or no awards at all.
Judges will evaluatethe papers by considering:
i. The difficultyof the problemaddressedand the practical
value of the work performed to noise control engineering.
ii. The technical quality of the investigation.
iii. The quality of the technical communication.
To be complete, an entry in the INTER-NOISE99 Student
Paper Prize Competition must include the following:
i. A six-page manuscript,
ii. A CompetitionEntry Form,
iii. A Copyright Release Form,
iv. INCEIUSA Associate Application Forms for authors
and faculty members who are not Associates,Affiliates,
or Members of INCEIUSA,
v. Checkspayable to INCEIUSA for at least one year's fee
for Item iv above if applicable.
All of the abovemust be received by 1999 August 03 at the
following address:
Student Paper Prize Competition
c/o George C. Maling, Jr., Managing Director
Instituteof Noise Control Engineering
P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch
Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.Note that this is a firm deadline,
and is earlier than the deadline for receipt of regular papers
which is on 1999 August 10.
228 NoiselNews International 1998 December

Contest entry forms and other material needed to submit an
entry in the 1999 Student Paper Prize Competition may be obtained
from the address above .
InternationallNCE
The Technical Programme Manager of the Standards Department
of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO), headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, has informed the
management ofInternational INCE that Category A liaison has
been establi shed between Sub-committee I (Noise) of ISO
Technical Committee 43 (Acoustics) and International INeE.
The secretariat ofISOrrC 43/SC I is held by Danish Standards
and managed by Leif Nielsen.
According to the Directives of the International Organization
for Standardization, a Category A liaison between a technical
committee or sub-committee and other international or
broadly based regional organizations working or interested in
similar or related field s means that the liaison must work in both
directions, and that the organization (International INCE in this
case) must make an effective contribution to the work of the
technical committee or subcommittee.
William W. Lang , president of International INCE said that
"this new liaison will be valuable for both organizations, and
will provide the ISO with a new mean s of informing societies
and individuals around the world of standards activities related
to noise and its control."
Robert O. Fehr
1911-1998
Robert O. Fehr, an initial member ofthe Institute of
Noise Control Engineering, passed away on 1998
July 07. He was a Board Certified memberofINCE
through 1994.
He was educated at the Swiss Federal Institute
ofTechnology in ZUrich, Switzerland - receiving
a Dipl.Ing. in 1935 and a Dr.sc.tech. in 1941. Until
1961, he was with the General Electric Company
Research and Development Center in
Schenectady, New York, USA where he served as
manager ofthe vibration and acoustics section and
manager of the mechanical engineering laboratory.
He was the initiator of noise seminars at the
laboratory. He taught noise control at Cornell University
from 1961 to 1964. He was a vice president
of Branson Instruments, Inc., and a consulting engineer
at Fehr and Fiske beginning in 1967 where
he served as president.
He served a number of governmental organizations,
including a NASA Committee on Aircraft
Noise, the Department of Defense , and the Federal
Aviation Admini stration. He also served on the
Committee on Hearing and Bioacou stics of the National
Research Council. He was also active in international
standards, particularly the International
Electrotechnical Commission. From 1969 until
1991, he was the editor of the Journal a/the Audio
Engineering Society; a period of great growth in
both the membership of the Society and JAES. He
was also a member ofthe American Society of Mechanical
Engineers.
Sir James Lighthill
1924-1998
Sir James Lighthill, best known to acousticians as
the researcher who first understood how turbulence
can be a source of sound and who derived the 8th
power relationship between sound generation by
turbulence and Mach number, passed away on 1998
July 17 while attempting to complete a swim
around a Channel Island.
Sir James was on vacation with his family on
the Isle ofSark, a small island between Jersey and
Guernsey in the English Channel. He was attempting,
at age 74, to swim around the entire island
(nine miles). In 1973, he used his knowledge
of tluid dynamics to find the best route aro und the
island in the face of strong tides, and is believed
to be the first person to complete the swim. He is
said to have remarked that the swim was "a most
pleasant way to see the scenery." It is also believed
that he made the swim on at least six other
occasions.
Sir James Lighthill had an outstanding career
during which he contributed to a very wide variety
ofmathematical problems in tluid mechanics,
including supersonic and hypersonic flow, ocean
waves, waves in the atmosphere, astrophysics,
and other related subjects. He was associated
with many well-known institutions in the United
Kingdom, including Cambridge University, the
National Physical Laboratory, the Royal Aircraft
Establishment, and Imperial College, London.
He was knighted in 1971 and held 24 honorary
doctorates.
1998 December NoiselNews International 229

Standards News
Avril Brenig, Standards Manager
ASA Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America,
120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor, New York, New York 10005,
USA.Telephone: +12122480373; FAX: +121224801 46
George S.K. Wong
Acoustical Standards Group, Institute for National Measurement
Standards, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario
K IA OR6,Canada . Telephone: + I 613 993 6159; FAX:
+ 1613 952 1394
American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed
by Accredited Standards Committees 51, 52, 53, and 512 in
the areas of acoustics, mechanical shock and vibration,
bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the
Acoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) through the American
Institute ofPhysics (AlP). In addition to these standards, a
Catalog ofAcoustical Standards - ASA Catalog 17-1998 is
available. For a copy, contact Avril Brenig.
Comments on all materials in Standards News are welcome.
Copies of these documents are available from ANSI or from the
organizations listed.
ACOUSTICS
BSRlASME PTC 36-1985, Measurement of Industrial Sound
(reaffirmation of ANSI!ASME PTC 36-1985)
Covers procedures for measuring and reporting airborne
sound emissions from mechanical equipment (1997 July 22)
Final actions on American National Standards
ANSI's Board of Standards Review has taken the final action indicated
on the standards listed below. When the approved standard
s are published, an announcement will be carried in
Standards Action, in ANSI's Supplements to the Catalog of
American National Standards, and in trade publications.
CONNECTORS, ELECTRIC
ANSIlEIA 364-28C-1997, TP·28C, Vibration Test Procedure
for Electrical co nnectors (revis ion of ANSI/EIA
364-28B-1996): 1997 July 04.
ASA Committee on Standards (ASACOS)
ASACOS (D. L. Johnson, Chair and ASA Standards Director;
P. D. Schomer, ASACOS Vice Chair).
u.s. Technical Advisory Groups (TAG) for
International Standards Committees:
rsozrc 43, ISOrrC 43/SC 1 Noise (P. D. Schomer, Chair; H.
E. von Gierke, Vice Chair)
ISOrrC 94/SC 12 Hearing Protection (E. H. Berger, Chair )
ISOrrC 108 Mechanical Vibration and Shock (D. J. Evans,
Chair)
IECrrC 29 Electroacoustics (Y. Nedzelnitsky, Technical Advisor)
Advisor; D. F. Muster, Deputy Technical Advisor)
Standards News from the United States
(Partially derived from ANSIReporter, and ANSI Standards Action,
with appreciation)
Call for comment on proposed American
National Standards
This section lists proposed American National Standards that
solicit public comments and review. The final dates for offering
comments, listed in parentheses, are for information only.
AUDIOVISUAL SYSTEMS
ANSIIIEC 268-7-1996, ANSIINAPM IT7.406-1997, Audiovisual
Systems- Sound System Equipment-Part 7: Headphones
and Earphones (new standard): 1997 May 07.
ANSIIIEC 268-15-1996,ANSIINAPM IT7.402-1997, Audiovisual
Systems-Sound System Equipment-Part 15: Preferred
Matching Values for the interconnection of Sound System
Components (new standard) : 1997 May 07.
FANS
ANSIIASHRAE 68-1997, ANSIIAMCA 330-97, Laboratory
Method of Testing to Determine the Sound Power in a Duct (revision
of ANSIIASHRAE 68-1986, ANSIIAMCA 330-86):
1997 May 28.
ACOUSTICS
ANSI Sl.15, Part 1-1997, Measurement Microphones-Part
1: Specifications for Laboratory Standard Microphones (new
standard): 1997 June 06.
ANSI S1.43-1997, Specifications for Integrating-Averaging
Sound level meters (new standard): 1997 June 12.
ANSI S3.5-1997, Method s for the Calculation ofthe Speech Intelligibility
Index (revision of ANSI S3.5-1969) (R1986): 1997
June 06.
• This is an edited version ofthe Standards News Department published in the Journal of
the Acoustical Society ofAmerica. Reprinted by permission. The full text appears in the
Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica, l03(/J, 7-/3, / 998 January.-Ed.
Standards News from Abroad
(Partially derived from ANSIReporter and ANSIStandards Action,
with appreciation)
230 Noise/News International 1998 December

Newly published ISO and IEC Standards and
Technical Reports
This section lists new and revised standards and technical reports
recently approved and promulgated by ISO and IEC.
These documents together with catalog listing several thousand
current ISO and IEC standards are available from ANSI.
ISO Standards
ACOUSTICS (TC 43)
ISO 266: 1997, Acoustics-Preferred frequencies,
ISO 11654: 1997, Acoustics-Sound absorbers for use in
buildings-Rating of sound absorption,
ISO 11821: 1997, Acoustics-Measurement of the in situ
sound attenuation of a removable screen.
IEC Standards
TERMINOLOGY (TC 1)
IEC 60050(723): 1997, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary--Chapter
723: Broadcasting: sound, television, data.
lEe Draft Standard
AUDIO, VIDEO AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS AND
EQUIPMENT (TC 100)
100C/53IFDIS, IEC 60268-4: Sound system equipment-Part
4: Microphones-3D May 1997.
100D/28IFDIS, IEC 60728-2: Cabled distribution systems for
television and sound signals-Part2: Electromagnetic compatibility
of equipment-IS June 1997.
100D/29IFDIS, IEC 60728-11: Cabled distribution systems for
television and sound signals-Part 11: Safety-IS June 1997.
CEN
European drafts sent for CEN enquiry
The followingEuropean drafts have been sent to CEN members
for enquiry and comment. Ifthe draft is a proposed adoption of
an International Standard, it is so noted. The final date for offering
comments is listed after each proposal. Copies are available
from ANSI at the prices indicated.
ACOUSTICS
prEN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics-Recommended practice for
the design of low-noise machinery and equipment-Part 1:
Planning (ISOITR 11688-1: 1995)-1997 September 10.
MECHANICAL VIBRATION
EN 1032: 1996/prAl, Mechanical vibration-Testing of mobile
machinery in order to determine the whole-body vibration
emission value-General-1997 August 20.
International documents submitted to the U.S.
for vote and/or comment
Some of the documents processed recently by the ASA Standards
Secretariat. Dates in parentheses are deadlines for submission
of comments and recommendation for vote, and they
are for information only.
U.S. TAG
S2
ISO Documents
First ISO/CD 2953-ISO Balancing Machines-Description
and Evaluation (Affirmative
without comments)
ISOIDIS 10056-Mechanical Vibration-Measure-ment
and Analysis of Vibration to which Passenger
and Crew and Exposed in Railway Vehicles
(1997 November 14)
ISOIDIS 10326-2-Mechanical Vibration-Laboratory
Method for Evaluating Vehicle Seat Vibration-Part
2-Application to Railway Vehicles
(1996 November 14)
ISOIDIS 10816-4-Mechanical Vibration-Evaluation
of Machine Vibration by Measurement on
Non-Rotating Parts-Application to Railway Vehicles
(1996 November 14)
ISOIDIS 5349-1-Mechanical Vibration and
Shock-Measurement and Assessment of Human
Exposure to Hand-transmitted Vibration-Part
I-General Guidelines (1996 October 30)
ISOIDIS 13090-1-Mechanical Vibration and
Shock-Guidance on Safety Aspects of Tests and
Experiments with People-Part I-Exposure to
Mechanical Vibration and Repeated Shock (affirmative
without comments)
ISOIDIS 10068-Mechanical Vibration and
Shock-Free, Mechanical Impedance of the Human
Hand-Arm System at the Driving Point (Negative
with comments)
ISOIDIS 13753-Mechanical Vibration and
Shock-Hand-Arm Vibration-Method for Measuring
the Vibration Transmissibility of Resilient
Materials when Loaded by the Hand-Ann system
Beranek's Noise and Vibration Control is Available
This revised Edition ( 1988) ofthe 1971 classical text, edited by Leo L. Beranek, is available for USD 38. Overseas
orders must add USD 22 if shipment overseas is to be made by air. Contact INCE/USA, P.O. Box 3206
Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603 , USA. Telephone: +19144624006; FAX: + 1 9 14 463 020 1
1998December NoiselNews International 231

Standards News
Avril Brenig, Standards Manager
ASA Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America,
120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor, New York, New York 10005,
USA. Telephone: + I 2122480373; FAX:+ I 2122480146
George S.K. Wong
Acoustical Standards Group, Institute for National Measurement
Standards, National Research Council , Ottawa, Ontario
K IA OR6, Canada. Telephone: + I 6139936159; FAX:
+ 1 613952 1394
American National Standards (ANSI Standards ) developed
by Accredited Standards Committees Sl, S2, S3, lind SI2 in
the areas of acoustics, mechanical shock and vibration,
bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the
Acoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) through the American
Institute ofPhysics (AlP). In addition to these standards, a
Catalog ofAcoustical Standards - ASA Catalog 17-1998 is
available. For a copy, contact Avril Brenig.
Comments on all materials in Standards News are welcome .
Standards News from the United States
(Partially derived from ANSIReporter, and ANSIStandards Action,
with appreciation)
Presentation to the ASA Standards Director and
Chair, ASACOS
During the ASACOS meeting at State College, PA, a presentation
was made to Dr. T. Embleton, ASA Standards Director and
Chair, ASACOS, for his outstanding contributions to the acoustical
community in heading the Standards Program of the
Acoustical Society, from 1993 to 1997. ASACOS applauded the
achievements of Dr. Embleton during his term of office and
wished him well in the future.
Dr. Daniel Johnson, then Vice-Chair of ASACOS, became
the Chair of ASACOS and Standards Director for the Acoustical
Society; Dr. Paul Schomer is the Vice-Chair of ASACOS .
Newly published American National Standards
S12-NOISE
ANSI S12.9-1996--Part 4 Americ an National Standard Quantities
and Procedures for Description and Measurement ofEnvironmental
Sound-Part 4: Noise Assessment and Prediction of
Long-Term Community Response.
• This is an edited version ofthe Standards News Department published in the Journal of
the Acoustical Society ofAmerica. Reprinted by permission. The full text appears in the
Journal ofthe Acoustical Society ofAmerica, 103(3), 1237-1240,1998 March.-Ed.
ReaHirmation of American National Standards
ANSI S1.4-1983 (RI997): Specification of Sound Level Meters.
ANSI SI.6-1984 (RI997): Preferred Frequencies, Frequency
Levels, and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements.
ANSI S1.8-1989 (RI997): Reference Quantities for Acoustical
Levels.
ANSI S1.10-1966 (RI997): Method for the Calibration ofMicrophones.
ANSI S1.12-1967 (RI997): Specifications for Laboratory
Standard Microphones.
ANSI S1.22-1992 (RI997): Scales and Sizes for Frequency
Characteristics and Polar Diagrams in Acoustics.
ANSI S1.25-1991 (RI997): Specification for Personal Noise
Dosemeters.
ANSI S1.40-1984 (RI997): Specification for Acoustical Calibrators.
Approval of proposed New Work Item for S1:
Letter Ballot LB/Sl/450: Specification for Acoustical Calibrators.
Approval of change of Title and Scope for
Sl/WG22:
Letter Ballot LB/Sl/451: New Title: Bubble Detection and
Cavitation Monitoring.
New Scope: Equipment and techniques are to be described
and compared (A) for detection and characterization of small
gas-filled cavities or bubbles, especially, those which may serve
as sites for cavitation and (B) for monitoring cavitation activity.
For purposes (A), optical, electrical and acoustical techniques
are employed. For purpo se (B), physical chemical or biological
effects produced by cavitation are assessed. Terminology is to
be defined . Capabilities limitations of the methods are to be discussed
for various applications.
Call for comment on proposed American
National Standards and American National
Standards proposed for ReaHirmation or
Withdrawal
This section lists proposed American National Standards that
solicit public comments and review. The final dates for offering
comments, listed in parentheses, are for information only.
Copies of these documents are available from ANSI.
Final actions on American National Standards
ANSI's Board of Standards Review has taken the final action indicated
on the standards listed below. When the approved standards
are published, an announcement will be carried in
Standards Action, in ANSI's Supplements to the Catalog of
American National Standards, and in trade publications.
232 NoiselNews International 1998 December

ACOUSTICS
ANSI Sl.15-1997-Part 1, Measurement Microphones-Part
1: Specifications for Laboratory Standard Microphones (new
standard): 1997 June 06.
ANSI SI.43-1997, Specifications for Integrating-Averaging
Sound level meters (new standard): 1997 June 12.
ANSI S3.5-1997, Methods for the Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility
Index (revision of ANSI S3.5-l969) (R1986»: 1997
June 06.
Standards News from Abroad
(Partially derived from ANSI Reporterand ANSI Standards Action,
with appreciation)
NeW'ly published ISO and IEC Standards and
Technical Reports
This section lists new and revised standards and technical reports
recently approved and promulgated by ISO and IEC.
These documents together with catalog listing several thousand
current ISO and IEC standards are available from ANSI.
ISO Standards
MECHANICAL VIBRATION AND SHOCK (TC 108)
ISO 2631-1: 1997, Mechanical vibration and shock-Evaluation
cfhuman exposure to whole-body vibration-Part 1: General
requirements.
ISO 5805: 1997, Mechanical vibration and shock-Human exposure-Vocabulary.
IEC Standards
ELECTROACOUSTICS (TC 29)
IEC 60118-2: 1983/Amendment No.2: 1997, Amendment
2: hearing aids-Part 2: Hearing aids with automatic gain
control circuits.
AUDIO, VIDEO AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS AND
EQUIPMENT (TC 100)
IEC 61595-1: 1997, Multichannel digital audio tape recorder
(DATR), reel-to-reel system, for professional use-Part 1: Format
A..
IEC Draft International Standards
This section lists proposed standards that the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) and the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) are considering for approval.
The proposals have received substantial support within
the technical committees or subcommittees that developed them
and are now being circulated to ISO and IEC members for comment
and vote. The final dates for offering comments, listed in
parentheses, are for information only. Copies of these documents
are available from ANSI.
IEC Draft Standards
ELECTROACOUSTICS (TC 29)
29/361FDIS, IEC 60118-13, Ed. 1: Hearing aids-Part 13:
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Product standard-1997
July 17.
29/371IFDIS, IEC 60942, Ed. 2: Electroacoustics-Sound
calibrators-1997 August 30.
ELECTROMECHANICAL COMPONENTS AND
MECHANICAL STRUCTURES FOR ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENTS (TC 48)
488/6011FDIS, Draft IEC 60512-6-5: Electromechanical
components for electronic equipment-Basic testing procedures
and measuring methods- part 6: Dynamic stress
tests-Section 5: Test 6e Random vibration-1997 June 30.
EARTH-MOVING MACHINERY (TC 127)
ISO/DIS 7096, Earth-moving machinery-Laboratory evaluation
of operator seat vibration (revision of ISO 7096:
1994)-1997 September 26
CEN/CENELEC
The following European drafts have been sent to members of
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and/or
the European Committee for E1ectrotechnical Standardization
(CENELEC), for enquiry, information and comment.
The final dates for offering comments, listed in parentheses,
are for information only. Copies of these documents are
available from ANSI.
CEN
European drafts sent for CEN enquiry
The following European drafts have been sent to CEN members
for enquiry and comment. Ifthe draft is a proposed adoption of
an International Standard, it is so noted. The final date for offering
comments is listed after each proposal. Copies are available
from ANSI.
ACOUSTICS
prEN ISO 389-7, Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibration
of audiometric equipment-Part 7: Reference threshold of
hearing under free-field and diffuse-field listening conditions
(ISO 389-7: 1996) (1997 September 17).
prEn ISO 8253-1, Acoustics-Audiometric test methods-Part
1: Basic pure tone air and bone conduction threshold
audiometry (ISO 8253-1: 1989) (1997 November 19.
prEN ISO 8253·2, Acoustics-Audiometric test methods-Part
2: Sound field audiometry with pure tone and narrow-band
test signals (ISO 8253-2: 1992) (1997 November 19.
prEN ISO 11690-3, Acoustics-Recommended practice for
the design of low-noise workplaces containing machinery-Part
3: Sound propagation and noise prediction in workrooms
(ISOITR 11690-3: 1997) (1997 October 29).
19980 December NoiselNewsInternational 233

NEW
SLMjRTA
features
European drafts sent for formal Yote (for
information)
The following European drafts have been sent to CEN members
for formal vote. If the draft is a proposed adoption of an International
Standard, it is so noted.
ACOUSTICS
prEN ISO 140-1, Acoustics-Measurement of sound insulation
in buildings and of building elements-Part 1: Requirements
for laboratory test facilities with suppressed flanking
transmission (ISOIDIS 140-1: 1997).
DUAL MEASUREMENTS
and
1/1 & 1/3-0ctave RTA
The new, Type 1 portable hand-held
Precision Integrati ng SLM with 1/1 ,
1/3 Octave Band Real Time Analyze r
Mode l NA-27 will give you a ll the
product or environmental data you
need in a single setup, without the use
of tape recordings .
• Measure Lp, Lmax, Lmin, Leq, LE,
LNand Lpk. Any or all.
• Define noise for two combinations
of frequency and time weightings .
• Display frequency spectra or time
histories in real time on backlit
LCD.
• Trigger spectrum and time history
storage.
• Operate for 8 hours on internal
batteries .
• Give your data greate r integrity
with a real time clock.
• Transfer data via RS-232C or
infrared communications port.
• Operate remo tely via hand-held
wireless infrared rays controller.
Call today.
Rion Co. is an ISO9001 Registered Firm.
SCANTEK, INC.
Saund & Vibration Instrumentation
ph: 301-495-7738 fax: -7739
E-mail: scantek@erols.com
Rion Co. Home-Page:
http:/ /www.rion.co.jp
International documents submitted to the U. S.
for vete and/or comment
Some of the documents processed recently by the ASA Standards
Secretariat. Dates in parentheses are deadlines for submission
of comments and recommendation for vote, and they
are for information only.
U.S. TAG
S3
S12
us, TAG
SI
S3
ISO Documents
ISO/CD 11904-1-Determination of Sound
Immissions from Sound Sources Placed Close to
Ears-Part I: Technique Using Microphones in
Real Ears (MIREN Technique) (ISOrrC43 N 898)
(1997 August 26)
First ISO/CD 11819-2- Acoustics-Method for
Measuringthe Influenceof Road Surfaces onTraffic
Noise-Part 2: The Close-Proximity Method
(ISOrrC 43/SCI N 1076) ( 1997 August 29)
FIRST ISO/CD 13473-2-Acoustics-Characterization
of Pavement Texture Utilizing Surface
Profiles-Part2: Terminology Related to Pavement
Texture Profile Analysis (ISOrrC43/SCl N 1077)
(1997 August 29)
FIRST ISO/CD 13473-3-Acoustics-Characterization
of Pavement Texture Utilizing Surface
Profiles-Part 3: Specification and Classification
of Profilemeters (lSOrrC43/SC I N 1078) (1997
August 29)
IEC Documents
IECrrC 29/374/CD-First lECIDAM: Amendment
to lEC 60942-1988-Sound Calibrators-Electromagnetic
and Electrostatic
Compatibility Requirements and Test Procedures
(1997 August 29)
IECrrC 29/3721CD-First IEC/CD 645-1-Audiometers-Part
1: Pure Tone Audiometers (Revision
of lEC 645-1:1992) (1997 August 14)
Standards Abstracts on the Internet
htt p://users.aol.comlsta ndards4/asa_stds.html
234
Reader Service Number 10
NoiselNews International
1998 December

NNI Directory
Organizational and Editorial Addresses
President, International INCE: W.W.Lang. P.O.Box 3067 Arlington
Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. FAX: +19144739325
President, INCEIUSA: A. S. Harris, Harris Miller Miller & Hanson,
15 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803, USA. FAX:
+17812297939
Secretary-General, International INCE: A. Cops, Catholic
University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001
Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium. FAX: +3216327984
Managing Editor and Pan-American Editor: G. Maling, Jr.,
INCE/USA, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY
12603, USA. FAX: +1 9144630201
European Editor: A. Cops, International INCE, Catholic University
of Lemen, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium.
FAX: +32 16327984
Asia-Pacific Editor: A. Lawrence, P.O. Box 78, Wahroonga, NSW
2076, Australia. FAX: +61 294498694
InternationallNCE Member Societies
Australia: Australian Acoustical Society, Professional Centre of
Australia, Private Bag No.1, Darlinghurst NSW 2010. Phone: +61 2
93316920; FAX: +61293317296
Austria: Osterreichischer Arbeitsring fur Larrnbekampfung,
Wexstrasse 19-23, A-l200 Wien. FAX: +43 13305925
Belgium: Association Beige des Acousticiens, Belgische Akoestische
Vereniging (ABAV),c/o D. Soubrier, WTCB/CSTC, Mlle C. Godard,
avo P. Holoffe 21, B-1342 Limelette. FAX: +3226530729
Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Acustica, SOBRAC, Acoustics and
Vibration Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, ex P.476,
Florianopolis, SC Brazil. FAX: +55 48 234 1519
Canada: Canadian Acoustical Association, P.O. Box 74068, Ottawa,
Ontario KIM 2H9. FAX: +1613 9541495
China: Acoustical Society of China, 17Zhongguancun Street, Beijing
100080. FAX: +86 10 255 3898
Czech Republic: Czech Acoustical Society, Technicka 2, 16627,
Praha 6. FAX: +420 2 311 1786
Denmark: Danish Acoustical Society, Lundtoftevej 100, Bldg.
352-DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby. FAX: +45 45 880577
Finland: Acoustical Society of Finland, Acoustics Laboratory,
Helsinki University of Technology, Otakaari 5A, SF-02l50 Espoo.
FAX: +358 0 460224
France: Societe Francaise d' Acoustique, 23, avenue Brunetiere,
75017 Paris. FAX: +33148889060
Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Akustik, Carl von Ossietzky
Universitat, D-26111 Oldenburg. FAX: +49441 7983698
Germany: Normenausschuss Akustik, Larmminderung und
Schwingungstechnik (NALS) im DIN und VDI, Postfach 101139,
D-400':>2 Dusseldorf 1. FAX: +49211 6214 149
Hong Kong: Hong KongInstituteof Acoustics,G.P.O. Box 7261, Hong
Kong. FAX: +852 2384 1178
Hungary: Acoustical Commission of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences, Budarosi tit. 45, Budapest, Hungary H-I112. FAX: +36 I
3193144
Hungary: OPAKFI,Laszlo Fuszfas, General Secretary, Fa U. 68, 1027
Budapest. FAX: +36 1 2020452
India: Acoustical Society of India, c/o Dr. M. L. Munjal, Indian
Institute of Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012. FAX: +91 803341648
Italy: Associazione ItalianadiAcustica, Institutodi Acustica O.M.Corbino,
ViaCassia 1216,1-00189 Roma. FAX: +39630365341
Japan: Acoustical Society of Japan, Ikeda Building, 2-7-7 Yoyogi,
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151. FAX: +813 33791456
Japan: Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan, INCE/Japan,
c/o Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Higashimotomachi
3-20-41, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185. FAX: +81 423 27 3847
Korea: Acoustical Society of Korea, 635-4 Yucksam-Dong,
Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-703. FAX: +8225699717
Korea: Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, #1406
Renaissance Officetel, 1598-3, Seocho-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul,
137-070. FAX: +82234748004
Lithuania: Lithuanian Acoustical Society, Kriviu St. 15-2, Vilnius 2007.
FAX: +3702223451
Mexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Actistica, Apaseo el Alto 21-2, Col.
San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07730,
Mexico, D.E FAX: +52 5 752 6183
Netherlands: Nederlands Akoestisch Genootschap, P.O. Box 162,
2600 AD, Delft. FAX: +31 152692111
New Zealand: New Zealand Acoustical Society, P.O. Box 1181,
Auckland. FAX: +64 9 309 3540
Norway: Acoustical Society of Norway, Acoustics Laboratory
-ELAB, N-7034 Trondheim-NTH. FAX: +47 73 591412
Poland: Committee on Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences,
Polska Akademia Nauk, Palac Kultury i Nauki, Skrytka pocztowa 24,
00-901 Warszawa
Portugal: Portuguese Acoustical Society, c/o Prof. D. Freitas,
CEFAT-Centro de Estudos de Acustica, Universidade do Porto, Rua
dos Bragas, 4099 Porto Codex, Portugal. FAX: +351 22008366
Romania: Academia Romana, Comisia de Acustica, Calea Victoriei
125,71102 Bucaresti. FAX: +4013120209
Russia: East-European Acoustical Association, Moskovskoe Shosse
44,196158 St. Petersburg. FAX: +7 8121279349
Russia: Russian Acoustical Society, Andreev Acoustical Institute, ul.
Shvernika d.4, 117036, Moscow. FAX: +7 095 126 8411
Singapore: Noise Section, The Environmental Engineering Society of
Singapore, Kent Ridge, P.O.Box 1007,Singapore 91 I I. FAX:+65 779
1635
Slovakia: Slovak Acoustical Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Racianska 75, P.O. Box 95, 830 08 Bratislava 38, Slovak Republic.
FAX: +421 7253301
South Africa: Southern Africa Acoustics Institute, P.O. Box 912-169,
Silverton 0127. FAX: +27 12832857
South Africa: N&V Division of the SAIMechE, South African
Institution of Mechanical Engineering, P.O.Box 93395, Yeoville2143.
FAX: +27 11 648 1387
Spain: Sociedad Espanola de Acustica, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid.
FAX: +34 1 411 7651
Sweden: Swedish Acoustical Society, P.O. Box 47321, S-IOO
Stockholm. FAX: +46 8 182678
Switzerland: Schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir Akustik, Postfach 251,
8600 Diibendorf. FAX: +41 I 8234793
1998 December NoiselNews International 235

Thrkey: Turkish Acoustical Society (TAS), c/o (Mrs.) Prof. M.
Serefbanoglu, Y.T.U. Mimarlik Fakiiltesi, Besiktas-80750 Istanbul,
Turkey. Fax: +902122610549.
United Kingdom: Institute of Acoustics, 77A St. Peter's Street, St.
Albans, Herts, ALI 3BN. FAX: +44 1727850553
U.S.A: Acoustical Society of America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd,
Woodbury, NY 11797. FAX: +15165762377
U.S.A: Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the U.S.A., P.O. Box
3206ArlingtonBranch,Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.FAX: +I 914463020I
Yugoslavia: Acoustical Society of Yugoslavia, c/o Prof. P. Pravica,
Elektrotehniki Fakultet, Bulevar Revolucije 73, 11000 Beograd. FAX:
+381 II 3248681
International INCE Sustaining Members
Bond voor Materialenkennis, Postbus 390, 330 AJ Zwijndrecht, The
Netherlands
Brtiel & Kjrer NS Skodsborgvej 307, OK 2850 Nerum, Denmark
LMS International NV, Numerical Integration Technologies NV,
Interleuvenlaan 68,3001 Leuven, Belgium
CEL Instruments Ltd., 35 Bury Mead Road, Hitchin, Herts SG5 IRT,
United Kingdom
Norsonic AS, P.O. Box 24, 3408 Tranby, Norway
Rion Co., Ltd., Higashimotomachi 3-20-41, Kokubunji, Tokyo185,Japan
International INCE Institutional Members
Argentina: Centro de Investigaci6n en Aciistica del Sistema INTI,
Parque Technol6gico Miguelete, Cassilla de Correo 157, 1650 - San
Martin, Provincia de Buenos Aires.
Belgium: Laboratorium voor Aoestiek en Thermische Fysica, K.U.,
Celestijnenlaan 2000, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee.
France: Centre Technique des Industries Mechanique, 52 Avenue
Felix Louat, BP 67,60304 Senlis.
Japan: Sone Lab., R.LE.C., Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980.
Korea: Center for Noise and Vibration Control, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Taejon 305-701.
Portugal: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Ministerio das
Obras Publicas, Transportes e Communicacoes, Av. do Brasil 101,
1799 Lisboa.
Russia: Noise Control Association of the Baltic State Technical
University,c/o Professor N.I.Ivanov, l-st.Krasnoarmejskaja 1, 198005
St. Petersburg.
Sweden: Department of Applied Acoustics, Chalmers University of
Technology, S-412 96 Gothenburg.
U.S.A.: Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, PA 16802.
ACO Pacific, Inc., Belmont. California
Acoustical Analysis Associates, Canoga Park. Californ ia
Bell Laboratories-Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge. Massachuse tts
Briiel and Kjeer Instruments, Decatur: Georgia
Cava naugh Tocci Associates, Sudbury. Massachusetts
Colin Gordon & Associates, San Mateo. California
Higgott Kane Industrial Noise Controls, Cambridge. ON. Canada
Industri al Acoustics Company, Bronx. Nell' York
IBM Corpora tion, Armonk. NY
Acknowledgments
Th e Board ofDirectors ofINCE/USA expresses its sincere appreciation to the Acoustical Society ofAmerica for its support
and cooperation in the publication ofNoiselNews ( 1972-92), and NoiselNews Intern ation al since its inception in 1993. Th e
Board also gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance given by the mem bers of the INC E/ USA Liaiso n Program :
The Boa rd of Directors of International INCE gratefu lly ack nowledges the support being given by the follow ing Sustain ing
Members and Institutional Members of International INCE:
INCE/USA Liaison Program
Sustaining Members of InternationallNCE
Bond Voor Materialenkennis, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands
Brtiel and Kjrer, Narum, Denmark
LMS International, NV Numerical Integration Technologies NV. Heverlee, Belgium
CEL Instruments, Ltd., Hitchin, Herts, United Kingdom
Norsonic AS, Tranby. Norwa y
Rion Company, Ltd., Tokyo ; Japan
Argentina: Centro de Investigacion en Acustica, Buenos Aires
Belgium: Laboratorium voor Akoestiek en Thermische Fysica. Leuven
France: Centre Technique des Industries Meclianique, Sen lis
Japan: Sone Lab.. R.IEC.. Tohoku University , Sendai
Korea: Centerfor Noise and Yihration Control Engineering,
Korean Institute (if Science and Technology. Science Town.
Taejoll-Chi. Korea
Larson Davis Laboratories, Provo. Utah
Noise Control Engineering, Inc., Billerica. Massachusetts
Overly Manufacturing Company, Greensburg. Pennsylvania
Purdue University, West Lafa yette. Indiana
Quest Technologies , Inc., Oconomowoc. Wisconsin
Scantek, Inc., Silver Spring. Ma ryland
The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Vibro-Acoustics, Scarborough. Ontario. Canada
Wyle Laboratories, Arlington. V irginia
Institutional Members of InternationallNCE
Portugal: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil , Lisboa
Russia: Noise Control Associa tion ofthe Baltic State Universit):
St. Petersburg
Sweden: Departm ent ofApplied Acoustics, Chalmers Unive r­
sity ofTechnology, Goth enburg
USA: Gra duate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsyl vania State
Univers ity, State Coll ege. Penn sylvania
236 NoiselNews International 1998 December

~-----
REAL TIME ANALYSER APPLICATIONS
One...
ISO 9614
...in just three steps!
...Two...
Measurements according to
ISO 96H have never been
easier to make!
The Windows based program
NOR-9614 guides you through
a complete ISO 9614measurement-scanning
or fixed point
method-e-with a full calculation
of all the field indicators!
And ... it even runs on the
internal PC of the batteryoperated
Norsonic Real Time
Analyzer NOR-840!
Pick up a NOR-840,a calibrator
and transducers, and you'll
bring a complete laboratory
with you!
No additional computers or
peripherals required!
...Three!
....--
e. e.
e , 0 .. 0" e.
o- o· 0 .. e,
§1
e. eo
i=1I
O~IlIo"'S..looI.
..
-.... ...
,
.. , , ,.,. . ,
Instrumentation requirements: The battery-operated dual channel real timeanalyzer NOR-840(nowwithcolor VGAscreen), intensity option, intensity
probe NOR·240, intensity calibrator NOR-1254 and PC option with Microsoft®Windows'"and the NOR-9614 software program installed.
SCANTEK. INC.
916 Gist Avenue, SilverSpring, MD-20910, USA
Tel: 301 ,1957738 Fax: 301 495 739
scanteketerots.corn
ReaderServiceNumber31
•
N¥Norsonic
P.O.Box 24, N-3420 Lierskogen, Norway
Tel: +4732858900 Fax: +473285 2208
norsonic@online.no www.sol.no/norsonic

International Advertising (ontacts
Belowis a listof internationalcontacts fortheadvertisersin this issue.The telephonenumberisgiventirst, and isfollowedby theFAXnumber
where available. Incases wherethere are severaltelephone numbersper location,or severallocationswithinacountry,acolon (:) separatesthe
telephone numbcr(s) from its respective FAX number. Advertisers. please e-mail updates to Lynn Guarente at Iguarente@ieee.org.
ACO Pacific Inc.
Korea: +82 25763161 ; +82 2 576 3163
CEL Instruments
UK: 44 1462422411 : 44 1462422511
lAC
Australia: +61 23374143
Canada: +1 (416 ) 845 8900 : + 1 (4 16) 845 7380; +1 (604)
929-7 357: +1 (604) 929-43 37; +1 (4 16) 847-7833: +1
(4 16) 847-7763; +1 (5 14) 663-1440: +1 (5 14) 389-8450
England: +44 784 456 251; +44 7784 463303
Germany: +49 216 3843 1 33: +49 216 380618; +49 711 680
5485: +49 6 226 2201
Greece: +77 92 193; +77 53 627
Hong Kong: +82 557 8633; +82 897 0423
Indonesia: +62 21 570 5170 ; +62 21 570 6309
Israel: +972 3 456433: +972 3 5463290; +972 52 586 211:
+972 52 547 244 ; +972 3 339 224: +972 3 333 980
Japan: +81 3 83 1 9595. +81 3 835 9658 : (no FAX): +81 45
391 1906: (no FAX); +81 6473 4531: +8 1 64734558;
+81 33 271 7771 : +81 6 33 281 1928
Korea: +822846 2708: +82 841 6634; +82 2 577 6451/6:+82 2
5776457
Malaysia: +60 03 904 461 I; +60 03 904 4600
Netherlands Antillies: +5999611987; +599 9 6 11744
Singapore: +65 291 7123; +65 292 5831
South Africa: +27 622 1743; +27 622 1306
Taiwan: +88623643456: +886 2 365 3434
Thailand: +66 2 512 1438
Turkey: +90 II 481610
Larson-Davis Laboratories
Austria: LB Electronics. +43 1-36030: +431-369-8443:
e-mail : mess@lbe.co.at
Belgium: Akron N.V., +32 1-623-0103: +32 1-623-2696
Czech Republic: LB Enterprises, +431-36030:
+43 1-369-8443: e-mail: mess@lbe .co.at
Denmark: ACOUTRONIC AB, +468-765-0280:
+468-731-0280: e-mail: acoutronic@acoutronic.se
Finland: ACOUTRONIC AB. +468-765-0280:
+468-73 1-0280: e-mail: acoutronic@acoutronic.se
France: ZIVY Controle 114. +33- 1-40-85-72-30:
+33-1-47-92-25-23
Germany: LB Electronics. +431-36030: +431-369-8443:
e-mail: mcss@lbe.co.at
Germany: Wolfel. +49-931-497-0850: +49-931-497-0859:
e-mail: wms@woelfel.de
Greece: Industrial Acoustics Bellas. +301-895-3464:
+30 1-895-4653: e-mail: iachel@acci .gr
Hungary: LB-Electronics. +431-36030: +431-369-8443:
e-mail : mess@lbe.co .at
Iceland: ACOUTRONIC AB, +468-765-0280:
+468-731-0280: e-mail : acoutronic@acoutronic.se
Ireland: Proscon Automation LTD.• +353-1-403-4300:
+353- 1-403-4399: e-mail: kevobrien@proscon.com
Italy: Spectra SRL. +39-39-287-2422: +39-39-287-2430:
e-mail spectra@venus.it
Luxembourg: Akron, N.Y.. +32 1-623-0 103: +321-623-2696
Netherlands: Acoutronics, +3 1- 162-424421:
+31- 162-425652: e-mail : mailbox@acoutronics.nl
Norway: Acoutronic AB, +468-765-0280: +468-73 1-0280:
e-mail : acoutronic@aco utronic .se
Poland: MetroComp, +48-71-3644077: +48-71-3644077:
e-mail: mc@infonet.wroc.pl
Portugal: Decada , +35 1- 142 1-0 111: +35 1- 1421- 12 13:
e-mail: decada@mail.telepac.pt
Russia, Former Societ Union Countries: Oktava+,
+795-489-8694: +795-403-6 119: e-mail:
michacl @octava.msk.ru
Slovakia: LB Electronics, +431-36030: +431-369-8443:
e-mail : mess@lbe.co.at
Slovenia: LB Electronics, +431-36030: +431-369-8443:
e-mail: mess@lbe.co.at
Spain (Andalusia and Estramadura only): INASEL,
+34-5-563-0273 or +34-5-563-0984: +34-5-563-04 72:
e-mail: inasel@inasel.com
Spain (excluding Andalusia and Estramadura): NovAcustic
S.. +34+945-298233: +34+45-298-826 1: e-mail :
chema@aac .pt-alava.es
Sweden: Acoutronic AB, +468-765-0280: +468-731-0280:
e-mail : acoutronic@acoutronic.se
Switzerland: 1ng. Bureau Dollenmeier, +4 1- 1-885-45 11:
+4 1- 1-885-4512: e-mail: 101445 .560@compuserve.com
Turkey: Erischi Elektronic LTD., +90-2 12-2308706:
+90-2 12-2330971: e-mai l: erisci@planet.com.tr
United Kingdom: Euremica Ltd., +44-1287-639-266:
+44- 1287-638832: e-mail : Sales @Euremica.com
United Kingdom: Proscon Environmental LTD.
+44-1489-89 1853: +44- 1489-895488: e-mail:
drpclark@enterprise.net
LMS Numerical Technologies
Australia: +61 292832577; +61 292832585
238 NoiselNews International 1998 December

Brazil: +55 II 8200388; +55 II 8207361
China: +8610 6425.47.36; +86 10 6492.64.63
Czech Republic: +42 02 2435-26.54; +4202 329 386
France: +33 I 6935 1920; +33 I 6935 1945
Germany: +49 7152 979 790; +49 7152 979 799
Hungary: +3612281251; +36 12281251
India: +91 40 332 4860; +91 40 393 965
Israel: +972 3 952 1018; +972 3 952 1106
Italy: +3935362988; +39 35 362 970
Japan: +81 3 5978 5445; +81 3 5978 5960
Korea: +82 2 755 1114; +82 2 755 4035
Poland: +48 52 467 697; +48 52 467 697
Spain: +34 I 3862222; +34 I 3864580
Sweden: +46 8 744 5780; +46 8 182 678
Taiwan, ROC: +8862692 1400; +886 2 692 1380
Turkey: +90 224 250 8454; +90 224 250 8457
UK: +44 1203 474 700; +44 120347 1554
USA: + I 248 952 5664; + I 248 952 1610
T he Modal Shop
Australia: Davidson, +07 38414555: +07 384 14500
Belgium: Data Analysis Products, +32 16 40 20 30; +32 16
403 166
Can ada : Analysis Electronics, 416 236 0578; 4 16 568 2404
France: Pep-Tech Dis. +33 I 6477 29 29; +33 I 693026 76
Germany: Synotech Sensor, +49 2462 702 1; +49 2462 7025
India: Electronic Enterprises, +9 1 22 41 37096; +9 1 22 4 1
3334 1
Italy: lng. Franco Luchsinger, +39 35 462678; +39 35
462790
Japan: TOYO Corporation, +81 3 5688 6826; +81 3 5688
6900
Korea: Korea Tech Meas Corp., +82 2 5543856; 5543859:
+82 2 5544880
Taiwan: Prowave Engineering Inc., +886 35 339650; +886
35326709
USA: 5 13 351 9919; 513 458 2172
Prec ision Acoustical Measurements
Measurement Microphones
Acoustical measurem ents a re only as good as the mic.
ACO Pacific ' s Type 1 "Alternative" family of mics,
ACOustical In terface'>', Simple Intensity'P! Systems
rank with the best. A full line of microphones, preamps
and acce ssories are featured.The PS9200KIT and SI7KIT
offer complete measurem ent mic system solutio ns . Our
"Very Ra ndom'T" Noise Generator, and the NEW
PC9 200 ISA bus Precision Microphone interface rou nd out
the product line.
ACO Pacific, Inc
2604 Read Ave., Bel mo nt, CA 94002, USA
Tel: (650) 595-8588 FAX (650) 591-2891
a-mail: acopac@acopacific.com
ACOustics Begins With ACOTM
LouD EsS
Real TIme Sones &Phons
... just the lotest capobility for our
573/593 Real Time Analyzers!
POP Thud Slat
Hissssssss
oom
,Hmmmmmm _&'lip
in the field, in the lab,
on the test floor
Find answers at your fingertips - at amodest cost.
eEL Instruments
I Westchester Drive. Milford,NH 03055-3056 USA
Coli Toll-free 1-800-366-2966. Fox 603-672-7382
Reader Service Number 29 Reader Service Number 27
1998 December NoiselNews International 239

Product News
Exterior Noise Absorptive Material
has Aesthetic Interior Applications.
Concrete Solutions, Inc. (CSI) says that
SoundSorb®, their patented acoustical
architectural material has true interior architectural
appeal. Typically, SoundSorb
is used as the noise absorptive treatment
for precast highway, rail, transit, and industrial
noise barriers. The "pure"
SoundSorb® material, wet cast in panel
or cladding form, is affixed to interior and
exterior surfaces or integrated into a concrete
precast wall during the wall manufacturing
process. This architectural
cladding or panel is available in attractive
natural warm textures such as slate, granite
stone, rock, wood, graphic art, etc.
SoundSorb is said to be a non-toxic
(no fiberglass), environmentally safe material
that eliminates the reflection of
noise impacting the surface. Now one can
cost effectively quiet interiors with an
aesthetic sound absorptive cladding,
which also has fireproof and insulative
characteristics. SoundSorb distributors/manufacturers
are available internationally.
For more information on
SoundSorb®, please see the advertisement
in this issue. Brochures are available
from CSI, 3300 Bee Cave Road, Ste.
650, Austin, TX 78746. Phone: +1 512
3278481; FAX: +1512 327 5111;
Web site: http://www.soundsorb.com.
Circle Reader Service Number 50.
Sound and Vibration Instrumentation
Catalog from Rion, Scantek Inc. has announced
the availability of a new catalog of
soundandvibrationinstrumentsfromRion.
The new pocket-sized, color catalog
contains several new instruments that expand
the range and capability of the Rion
line of measurement instrumentation. Included
are small general-purpose sound
level meters, compact vibration analyzers,
and sophisticated signal analyzers.
For further information call or write
RichardJ. Peppin, Scantek, Inc., 916 Gist
Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Telephone:
+1 301 4957738; FAX: +1 301
495 7739; e-mail: scantek@erols.com.
Circle Reader Service Number 51.
New Vibration Analyzer with FFT
From Rion, Scantek Inc. is pleased to introduce
the Rion VA-II Vibration Analyzer.
The VA-II's digital processing
allows simultaneous displays of acceleration,
velocity, and displacement with an
80 dB dynamic range; and, with only ten
buttons, it is said to be a pleasure to use. It
has a large backlit LCD display; operates
for more than 22 hours on one set of batteries;
and has a memory card slot to allow
direct data transfer from the analyzer
to a PC eliminating the need for specialized
software. Internal memory allows
storage of 500 data sets without the need
for a memory back-up battery.
For further information call or write
RichardJ. Peppin, Scantek, Inc., 916 Gist
Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Telephone:
+1 301 495 7738; FAX: +1 3-1
495 7739; e-mail: scantek@erols.com.
Circle Reader Service Number 52.
VC-2100 Vibration Comparator. Ono
Sokki Technology, Inc., has introduced
the VC-2100 Vibration Comparator. The
VC-2100 can serve as a vibration "watchdog"
in a wide range of situations in
which vibration-based judgments must
be made.
Combined with an acceleration
pickup, the VC-2100 is said to provide
high performance vibration level judgments,
detection of abnormalities and
verification of vibration levels. Digital
processing simultaneously over two independently
settable frequency bands enables
detection, measurement and
judgment for each abnormal occurrence.
The VC-2100 features direct key settings
for enhanced ease of operation, digital
and bargraph displays, and diagnostic
capability using RMS and peak values.
Verification of vibration sound is possible
by connecting a pair of standard headphones
to the output provided. All of this
and more is housed in a compact 96 x
96mm DIN panel.
Options available for the VC-2100 include
a single additional band which expands
the VC-2100 to three-band
operation. The Integration option allows
the acceleration signal to be integrated to
enable measurement of velocity and displacement.
Each band can be independently
set to perform a different
measurement. For example, Band "A"
may be set to integrate to velocity while
Band "B" is set to displacement. The addition
of the Current output option converts
the analog DC output to a 4- to
20-rnA current output to enable remote
sensing applications.
To receive a product brochure describing
the VC-2100 Vibration Comparator
in detail, contact Paul Arrigo, Technical
Sales Representative, Ono Sokki Technology,
Inc., 2171 Executive Drive, Ste.
400, Addison, IL 60101. Telephone: +1
630 627 9700; FAX: +1 630 627 0004.
Circle Reader Service Number 53.
Thin, Ultra-compact Sensor from Ono
Sokki, Ono Sokki Technology, Inc., has
introduced Model BS-112 miniature linear
gauge sensor.
This gage was designed to measure dimensions,
thickness, curvature, eccentricity,
displacement, height, depth,
flatness, variation, runnout, roundness,
distortion, deflection, and position.
This gage sensor uses the proven linear
glass scale technology. The main advantage
of this principle is that you can
maintain high consistent accuracy
throughout its entire range.
The BS-112 produces highly accurate
measurements to 0.00004" throughout
it's full 10 mm measuring range.
This ultra-compact sensor was custom
built for extreme tight quarters where
conventional sensors would be considered
impossible to use. Ideal for mounting
inside of machinery with limited
access space.
To add to this sensor's ruggedness, a
waterproof seal was added to make it (resistance
equivalent to IP-64). Also dust
bellow is provided for extra protection to
enable accurate measurements in a
harsher environment.
An air or mechanical release cable
may be used to raise and lower the measuring
probe for efficiency.
240
NoiselNews International
1998 December

The BS-112 comes equipped with a
6-foot signal cable and can be directly used
connected to an array of remote displays
with various outputs that are also compatible
with virtually all the major SPC data acquisition
systems on today's market.
For more information, please contact
Kenneth S. Ujiiye, Advertising Manager,
Ono Sokki Technology, Inc., 2171 Executive
Drive, #400, Addison, IL 60101.
Telephone: +1 630 627 9700; FAX: +1
630 6n 0004. Circle Reader Service
Number 54.
New Brochure From Bilsom®. A new
four-color, 6-page brochure available
from Dalloz Safety, formerly Willson
Safety features up-to-date information
on the many advantages of using
Bilsom® comfortable and reusable hearing
protection for virtually every workplace
application.
The brochure covers the Bilsom
PerCapTM, PerFlex®, Sound Ban®,
PerFit@, Sound Silencer®, quietzonet",
and Detecters hearingprotectors, each designed
to offer wearers effective protection
and exceptionalcomfort and convenience.
The new brochure includes attenuation
charts for all models in their as-worn
positions, plus information on a new
multi-position carrying case and the patent-pending
Bilsom® NRR Valuator.
The NRR Valuator calculates the effectiveness
of hearing protectors not worn
for a cumulative period of5, 10, 15, or 30
minutes during an 8-hour shift.
For copies of the new Bilsom®
reusables brochure or the Bilsom® NNR
Valuator, contact Elizabeth A. Antry,
Marketing Communications Director, at
+1 80D 3454112 orbyFAXat+1 610371
7874. Or visit the Dalloz Web site at
wwwcdalloz.com. Circle Reader Service
Number 55.
PCB Announces Force Sensor and Accelerometer.
The new Model 260A03
ICP@ 3-Component Force Sensor, available
from PCB Piezotronics, Inc., is said
to be able to simultaneously measure dynamic
or quasi-static force in three orthogonal
directions. This sensor
incorporates built-in microelectronics to
convert the high-impedance charge output
from the quartz element to a low-impedance
voltage output. Operation is simpli-
REAL·TIME SOUND LEVEL ANALYSER
The enhanced range now
includes a logging andevent
analyser completewith
2Mb~1e memory and
'Fastore' 1/3octave data
capture. Theflexible
user-interface provides
an easy upgrade
path to future
applications
including Building
Acoustics and
Loudness
Psychoacoustic
calculation.
The soft keypad adaptability andon-screen user guidance provide a
unique combination ofintuitive learningandcustomising for
Health& Safety, Environmental andProduct Noiseapplications.
The advanced memorymanagementenableseasy retrieval of
results stored byID code, date, time and datacollection mode.
GEL Instruments Limited
35-37 Bury Mead Road,
Hitchin, Herts, SG5 1RT, UK
Phone: (44) 1462 422411
Fax: (44) 1462 422511
email: sales@cel.ltd.uk
INSTRUMENTS
http://w\'iw.ceLltd.uk
GEL Instruments Limited
1Westchester Drive.
Milford. NH 03055-3056. USA
Phone: (1) 6036727383
Fax: (1 ) 6036727382
Toll Free: 1 (800) 3662966
email: cel@mail.welchallyn.com
1998 December
Reader Service Number 15
241

fied by using only a single multiconductor
cable between the sensor's hermetic
four-pin connector and a PCB multichannel
ICP sensor signal conditioner.
Operating on as little as 10 VDC from
the power supply, Model 370A22 Capacitive
Accelerometer provides frequency response
from 0 to 300 Hz. This
hermetically sealed accelerometer features
100 mV/g sensitivity (±5%) and an
amplitude range of ±20 g peak for a wide
variety of general purpose low-level,
low-frequency acceleration or uniform acceleration
measurements. Air damping
improves temperature stability, attenuates
high-frequency "ringing," and allows the
accelerometer to withstand higher-g overloads.
A welded titanium four-pin connector
offers the convenience of a detachable
cable without sacrificing hermeticity.
For additional information on these
accelerometers, contact Andrea Mohn,
Marketing Assistant, PCB Piezotronics,
Inc., 3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY
14043-2495. Telephone: +1 800 828
PS9200KlfT M
Reader Service Number 33
8840; FAX: +1 7166840987. E-mail:
amohn@pcbOOl.pcb.com. Circle
Reader Service Number 56.
SONEXvalueline Panels Offer Economical
Acoustic Control. illbruck, inc.
manufactures SONEXvalueline panels
for industrial applications that require effective
sound absorption at an economical
price. The panels are sculpted from
willtec'', an open-cell melamine foam
that is 100% FIBER-FREETM.
SONEXvalueline panels measure 2' x 4'
and come in thicknesses of 1-112", 1-7/8",
and 2-112". Colors include natural (white)
and painted charcoal, beige, brown, or blue.
The combination of a subtle surface pattern
and an open-cell foam material is said to
deliver a noise reduction coefficient of 0.75
to 1.05, depending on thickness.
Reducing noise in industrial settings
has been shown to improve worker satisfaction,
productivity, and safety. Communication
between workers improves,
stress is reduced, and individual ear pro-
Precision Acoustic Measurements
Re uire Precision Micro hones
$1650 USD
A complete lEe and ANSI Type 1 Me surement Mic System
with responses to 40 kHz. range from 14 d BA to 160 dBSPL.
"1/2 inch mic (4 models) and preamp "PS9200 2 Channel PS
"AC Adaptor "WSI windscreen "SCI custom storage case
Options: 511E ~alibrator; 1 & 1/4 inch mics; and Gain
ACO Pacific, Inc.
2604 Read Ave., Belmont, CA 94002 USA
Tel: (650) 595-8588 FAX:(650) 591-2891
ACOustics Begins With ACOTM
tection, which OSHA standards require if
noise level is above 85 dB, can sometimes
be eliminated.
illbruck, inc. makes acoustic control
products for a wide variety of specialized
applications. For more information, including
literature on SONEX products
for industrial applications, contact
illbruck, inc., 3800 Washington Ave. N,
Minneapolis, MN 55412. Telephone: +1
8006620032 or+1612 520 3620; FAX:
+I 612 521 5639. Please visit our Web
site at: www.illbruck-sonex.com. Circle
Reader Service Number 57.
Inexpensive acoustical analysis software
with FEWaves 3.0 from MSTR
Technology. MSTR Technology announces
a new software package of interest
to designers of acoustical devices.
FEWaves 3.0 is a finite-element- based
structural/acoustical analysis package
developed with the collaboration of industrial
partners, that concentrates on low cost,
ease of use, efficient solution techniques,
and quick response to customer needs.
FEWaves 3.0 is said to have collapsed
all the intricacies of finite element analysis
of acoustic devices down to a few simple
steps. All2D and most 3D geometries and
finite element meshes are created using an
automatic mesh generator. The most complex
3D models can be imported from
standard formats of user defined formats
to merge with in-house developed codes.
Application of boundary conditions, running
the solution, and visualizing the results
rely on learning only a few input
windows. This package has been designed
and developed by tranducer designers interested
in getting fast and accurate answers,
not in investing a career mastering a
software analysis package.
Engineers use FEWaves to predict the
impedance and acoustic response of fluid
(water, air, oil, etc.) and structural loaded
piezoelectric devices. Pure acoustic problems
predicting the mechanical impedance
can be solved using pressure and velocity
sources. Other features include grid refinement,
animation, and acoustic radiation
plots. All input and output files are ASCII.
FEWaves is available for PCs with Windows
95/NT or SUN Solaris workstations.
For further information, contact Rick
Morrow, MSTR Technology, 17 Appleton
Road, Rexford, NY 12148. Telephone: +1
242 NoiselNews International 1998 December

518584 3754; FAX: +1 5185809525;
e-mail: info@mstrtech.com. Circle
Reader Service Number 58.
Real Time Meteorological Measurements
to Support Noise Engineering
Projects and Sound Propagation
Studies. AeroVironment Environmental
Services Inc. (AVES) of Monrovia, California,
provides measurements of temperature,
humidity, and wind profiles to
noise control engineering firms using
balloon borne (tethered or free flight) instrumentation
and acoustic measurement
systems (Doppler Acoustic Sounders).
AVES is an environmental consulting and
measurements firm who has been in business
since 1972. AVES has manufactured
a comilete line of Doppler Acoustic
Sounders (acoustic wind profilers) since
the miJ-1970s. The company also has
airsoncle and tethers onde systems that
have been used to provide model inputs to
sound propagation models during the
testing and validation stages. Recently
AVES provided continuous measurements
of wind speed, wind direction, and
temperature at four altitudes (ground
level, ]0 meters, 50 meters and 100 meters)
using a tethered balloon system.
These data were the data inputs for a
sound propagation model that was being
validated by a client.
For further information, call or write
Alexander N. Barnett, AeroVironment
Environmental Services Inc., 222 Huntington
Drive, Suite 200, Monrovia, California
91016. Telephone: +1 626 357
9983; FAX: +1 626 359 9628; e-mail:
barneu@aerovironment.com. Circle
Reader Service Number 59.
Oticon Introduces First Digital
Hearing Aid for Hard-to-Treat Noise­
Induced Hearing Loss. Oticon has introduced
DigiFocus SKITM. An estimated
10 to 20 percent of the hearing impaired
population suffer from noise-induced
hearing loss and should benefit from this
new digital technology.
The proprietary technology and software
of DigiFocus SKI is said to enable
the hearing care professionals to assist
patients where they need it in the least intrusive
way. DigiFocus SKI features a fitting
rationale that is specifically
developed for the patient group with
1998 December
more than 25dB/octave slope hearing
losses starting at 1kHz or above.
At low frequencies, DigiFocus SKI
applies syllabic compression. In the critical
transition zone, where hearing begins
to drop off rapidly, DigiFocus SKI automatically
finds the appropriate crossover
frequency and switches to a linear amplification
approach. In high frequencies,
the instrument applies compression limiting
with reduced gain rules in order to
assist in noisy situations and avoid over-
loading the more severely damaged part
of the auditory system.
The instrument offers an algorithm
featuring a new loudness model, new
gain formulas, new vent recommendations,
seven-band frequency shaping for
maximum clarity and comfort, syllabic
compression in the lower frequencies, automatic
crossover frequency, and
high-frequency compression limiting.
Custom versions of DigiFocus SKI are
as small, discrete in-the-ear instruments.
a smaller footprint
a more cost-effective design
on-hazardous /non-flammable wedges
Combining 25 years' experience in the design and
construction ofmodular acoustic panels with the
expertise of an NVLAP accredited testing facility
has re-invented the anechoic
chamber, developing a system that meets industry
needs better than any such testing chamber has
before. The revolutionary, patent pending
chamber incorporates anechoic wedge elements
within uniquely effective acoustic panels that have
earned Acoustic Systems its reputation as a
leader in modular sound isolation. This innovative
design produces an anechoic chamber that performs
better than the old-style models while costing less to
acquire, install and maintain. It requires less exterior
space relative to working interior space and utilizes
a uredqe con~truction tha~ eliminates t~edifficultj~:: :
ossocloted with metal or fiberglass deslgns.===::::::
--•••• 111
_ •••ru u
ACOUSTIC- - ····1I 1
SYSTEMSIIIIIUII
U k.~ =t.:i:~l~t.:~

Compact behind-the-earstylesare available
in a varietyof discreetshadesthatblendwith
skin and hair tone. Additionalconsumerinformation
is available at Oticon's Internet
site at www.oticonus.com or by calling +1
800 526 3921. Circle Reader Service
Number 60.
Defiance Offers Testing Services. Defiance
Testing and Engineering Services,
Inc., was recently awarded two key quality
designations for continually maintaining
high quality assurance standards, further
establishing itself as an industry leader
among independent testing and engineering
facilities for the automotive market.
Defiance has formed several alliances
to serve its customers on a worldwide basis
with the goal of becoming the dominant,
independent engineering and
testing service supplier for the automotive
industry. The most recent joint marketing
and operating agreement is with
MIRA, a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Motor Industry Research Association.
While the agreement focuses on noise
and vibration services, the capabilities of
MIRA throughout the world give Defiance
access to much more.
For more information, contact Franklin
Dohanyos at +1 248399 1101. Circle
Reader Service Number 61.
Castle Trade Fair. Some companies may
still be using Sound Level Meters that do
not comply with the British and European
Standards to produce noise-at-work risk
assessments. To help combat this situation,
Castle Group Ltd. of Scarborough
are now running a Swap Shop where any
old sound level meter, or even vibration
meter, of any make or model can be
traded in against a new model.
For further information contact Giles
Pike or Simon Bull, Castle Group Ltd.,
Salter Road, Scarborough, North Yorkshire,
YOlI 3UZ, UK. Telephone: +44
1723 584250; FAX: +44 1723 583728.
Circle Reader Service Number 62.
Maintenance Supervisors Realize "Silence
is Golden" with TAPERHEX(R)
GOLD. TAPERHEX® GOLD Precision
Bearing Conveyor Rollers, available
from INTERROLL Corporation,
Wilmington, NC, are said to show both
maintenance supervisors and conveyor
system designers that "Silence is
Golden," and that their conveyor rollers
will provide cost-effective, uninterrupted
performance. The rollers carry a full
ten-year service lift guarantee - at no extra
cost. With the triple-the-service-live
guarantee, major benefits are possible
when retrofiting with TAPERHEX
GOLD Rollers. @Body Text=The key to
the performance of the roller is said to be
their patented spring-loaded tapered
shaft ends that "lock" into the conveyor
frame mounting holes. The locked shafts
eliminate problematical roller "rattling,"
the root cause of both roller shaft and side
frame wear.
For additional information on
TAPERHEX GOLD Precision Bearing
Conveyor Rollers, contact INTERROLL
Corporation, 3000 Corporate Drive,
Wilmington, NC 28405. Telephone: +1
910 799 1100; FAX: +1 910 392 3822.
Circle Reader Service Number 63.
244 Reader Service Number 11 1998 December

World Conference Calendar
This calendar includes major conferences
which feature programs on noise and its co n­
trol. The working language of each conference
will be English, unless otherwise noted.
This calendar does not include seminars, short
courses, workshops and other small, specia l­
ized meetings which are listed elsewhere . The
shaded entries in the calendar arc conferences
which are organized or sponsored by I-INCE
or INCE/USA. Entries for this calendar are solicited
from the I-I CE Member Socie ties and
from other organizations . In orde r for a listing
to appear in this cale ndar, inforrnation nnrvrbe
provided by the conference organizers concerning
the sessio ns planned for the technical
program that will be devoted to noise and its
control. This is particularly importa nt if the
word noise does not appear in the name or
theme of the confere nce. Send requests for
listings of future meeti ngs with required detai
ls to : World Conference Ca le ndar.
INCE/USA, P.O. Box 3206 Arlingto n Branch,
Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. FAX + 19 14
4739325.
An asterisk (*) indicates that sessions
on noise are planned.
1999 February 18-20
National Hearing Conservation Conference,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Contact:
K. Wojdyla, NHCA, 9101 East
Kenyon Ave., Suite 3000, Denver, CO
80237, USA. Telephone: +1 303 224
9022; FAX: +1 303 770 1812. e-mail:
nhca@ gwami. com
1999 March 15-19
Forum Acusticum and 137th Meeting
of the Acoustical Society of America,
Berlin, Germany.* Contact: Elaine Moran,
Acoustical Society of America, 500
Sunnyside Blvd. Woodbury, NY 11797,
USA. Telephone: +15165762360; FAX:
+15165762377. e-mail: asa@aip.org
1999 April 28-30
Vibration, Noise, and Structural Dynamics
'99, Venice, Italy. Contact: D.
Hill, Staffordshire University, P.O. Box
333, Beaconside, Stafford STI8 ODF,
UK. Telephone: +44 1785 353469; FAX:
+44 1785 353552.
e-mail: vib99staffs.ac.uk
1999 May 17·20
SAE Noise & Vibration Conference,
Traverse City, Michigan, USA. Contact:
M. Asensio, Noise & Vibration Conference,
SAE, 3001 W. Big Beaver Rd.,
Suite 320, Troy, MI 48084, USA. Telephone:
+1 248 649 0420; FAX: +1 248
6490425.
1999 June 28-30
1st International Congress of the East
European Acoustical Association, St. Petersburg,
Russia. * Contact: EEAA,
Moskovskoe Shosse 44, St. Petersburg
196158, Russia. FAX: +7 8121279323.
e-mail: krylspb@sovam.com
1999 July 05-08
6th International Congress on Sound
and Vibration, Lyngby, Denmark. Contact:
F.Jacobsen, Department of Acoustic
Technology,Technical University of Denmark,
Building 352, DK-2800 Lyngby,
Denmark. Telephone: +45 4588 1622;
FAX: +45 4588 0577.
1999 November 01-05
138th Meeting of the Acoustical Society
of America, Columbus, Ohio, USA.*
Contact: Elaine Moran, Acoustical Society
of America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,
Woodbury,NY 11797,USA. Telephone:+
15165762360; FAX: +15165762377.
e-mail: asatis aip.org
1999 December 02·04
ACTIVE 99, the 1999 International
Symposium on Active Control of
Sound and Vibration, Fort Lauderdale,
Florida, USA.Contact: Institute of
Noise Control Engineering, P.O. Box
3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie,
NY 12603, USA. Telephone: + I 914
4624006; FAX: +1 914 462 4006.
e-mail: active99@ ince.org
1999 December 06-08
INTER-NOISE 99, the 1999 International
Congress on Noise Control
E ngineeer ing, Fo rt Laude rda le,
Florida, USA. Contact: Institute of
Noise Control Engineering, P.O. Box
3206 Arlington Branch. Poughkeepsie,
NY 12603. USA. Telephone: + I 914
4624006; FAX: + I 9144624006.
e-mail: intemoise99@ince.org
2000 May 30-June 03
139th Meeting of the Acoustical Society
of America, Atlanta, GA, USA.*
Contact: Elaine Moran. Acoustical Society
of America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,
Woodbury, NY 1197, USA. Telephone:
+15165762360;FAX:+15165762377.
2000 August 28·30
INTER-NOISE 2000, the 2000 International
Congress on Noise Control
Engineering. Nice. France. Contact:
M. Vallet, INRETS-LEN, 25 avenue
Francois Mitterand, Case 24, 69675
Bron Cedex, France. Telephone: +33
04 72 14 2342; FAX: +33 04 7214
2480.
e-mail: mvalletteinrets.fr
2000 October 03-05
7th WESTPRAC, Western Pacific Regional
Acoustics Conference,
Kumamoto, Japan. Contact: The
WESTPRAC VII Secretary, Department
of Computer Science, Kumamoto University,
1-39-1 Kurukami, Kumamoto,
860-8555, Japan. Telephone: +81 96342
3622; FAX: +81 96 342 3630.
e-mail:
westprac7@cogni.eecs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
Internet site: http://
cogni.eecs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/others/
westprac7
2000 December 04-08
140th Meeting of the Acoustical Society
of America, Newport Beach, CA,
USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran. Acoustical
Society of America, 500 Sunnyside
Blvd., Woodbury, NY 1197, USA. Telephone:
+1 5165762360; FAX: +1 516
5762377.
1998 December
NoiselNews International
245

DIRECTORY OF NOISE CONTROL SERVICES
Inf ormation on listings in the Directory of Noise Control Services is available from INCE/USA, Et). Box 3206
Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. The price is USD 325 fo rfour insertions.
CAVANAUGH TOCCI
ASSOCIATES INC.
Consultants in Acoustics
Architectural Structur al Mechanical Environ mentu1
WilliamJ. Cavanaugh, INCE. Bd. Cert.
Gregory C. Tocci. INCE. Bd. Cert.
Timot hy J. Foulkes, INCE. Bd. Cert.
K. Anthony Hoover. INCE. Bd. Cert.
Douglas H. Bell. INCE
327F Boston Post Road
Sudbury, MA 01776, USA
Telephone: ( 508) 443-7871
FAX: (508) 443-7873
CAMPANELLA
ASSOCIATES
DESIGN:
Studios & Music Halls Co ndos &
Apa rtme nts Sc ientific and Seismic
Equ ipme nt Isolation Transportation &
Industr ial Noise OEM : ACC ULA B
Reference So und So urces
FIELDTESTI NG:
ASTM, ANS I
AMCA, AS HRAE
HUD, FAA Sound Power Intensity
FEM Ana lysis Services
320 1 Ridgewood Drive
Columbus, OH 43026-2453 USA
Telephone: (6 14) 876-5 108
Web: www. Point-and-Click.com/
Campanella-Acoustics/
WYLE LABORATORIES
Over 25 Years in Acoustics...
Research
Engineering
Consulting
Arlington, VA, USA
Telephone: +I 703 4 154550
EI Segundo, CA, USA
Telephone: +I 310 322 1763
X2330
SCANTEK, INC.
Sound and Vibration Instrumentation &
Engineering
• Sales, Rentals, Service
• Technical Support
916 Gist Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 209 10 USA
Telephone: (30 I) 495-7738
FAX: (30 1)495-7739
EGGERS INDUSTRIES
Wood Acoustical Products
Man ufact urer: Com plete line of doors.
panels, and custom products made per
speci ficat ions.
• All available foreign and domestic veneers
• Doors and panels tested according to
E90-90 and E4 l3 -87
• Single doo rs up to STC- 5 1, pairs , with
lites, stile & rail. and more
• Available with fire ratings
164 Lake Street
Neenah, WI 54957, USA
Telephone: (4 14) 722-6444
FAX: (414) 722-0357
RICHARD J. PEPPIN, P.E.
• Board Certified (lN CE)
• Fellow. ASA
Instrumentation
Standards
Testing
Building Acoustics
Accreditation
ISO 9000
50 12 Macon Road
Rockville, MD 20852
Telephone: (30 I) 984-3375
FAX: (301) 984-5762
e-mail: Peppinr@asme.org
ACENTECH INC.
28 Technical Professionals Availa ble for
Collaboration in:
• Architectural. Enviro nme nta l and
Industrial Acoustics
• Noise and Vibration Control
• Structural Vibratio ns and Structure-bo rne
sound
• Audiovisual, Video and So und System
Design
Contact Eric E. Ungar, Sc.D., P.E.
INCE/USA Past President
33 Moulton Street
Cambridge, MA 021 38 USA
Telephone: (617) 499-8000
FAX: (617)499-8074
CHARLES KULMAN
Motor Sports Sound Abatement
Use Permit Mitigation
7415 Gum Grove Lane
Vacaville, CA 95688-9653 USA
Telephone: (916) 678-8815
FIREDOOR
CORPORATION
Manu facturers of FIRESONI C line or
hollow metal acoustic door assemblies.
• Con trol sound transmission through
opera ble doorways - without the look of
a thick, indus trial door.
• Standard mortised hinges. typical I 3/4" door.
• UL lire ratings up to three bours (A lahe l).
• Tested as an oper able, I 3/4" door to
ASTM E-90 -90 up to STC 51 rating.
P.O. Box 380878
Miami, FL 33238-0878, USA
Telephone: +1 305 69 1 1500
FAX: +I 305 8364797
246
Noise/News International
1998 December

COLIN GORDON &
ASSOCIATES
Specializing in Acou stic and
Vibration Solutions
• Dcsign of Low Vibration Environments
• Vibration and Noise Surveys
• Environmental Noise Modelling
• Acoustic and Noise Control Design
• Noise and Vibration Monitoring
Suite 425
411 Borel Avenue
San Mateo, CA 94402
Tel: 650-358-9577
Fax: 650-358-9430
e-mail: cggordon @aol.com
WILSON, IHRIG &
ASSOCIATES, INC.
Acoustical Consultants
30 Years Experience in:
• Transportation Noisc and Vibration
• Architectural. Environmental and Industrial
Acoustics
• Specialized Vibration Services
5776 Broadway
Oakland, CA 9461 8, USA
Telephone: 510658-6719
FAX: 510652-4441
RH LYON CORP
Design Solutions for New Products
• Quiet Products:
Program Management
Engineering Design
• Sound Quality:
Market Analysis
Focus Groups & Jury Testing
• Diagnostic Systems:
Manufacturing
Process Control
• Transducer Design
691 Concord Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Telephone: 617 864-7260
FAX: 617 864-0779
Email: lyoncorp @lyoncorp.com
HESSLER ASSOCIATES,
INC.
Ser ving the Power Industry
Since 1976
• Ambient. Diagnostic and Certification
Surveys
• Environmental Asse ssments
• Computer Modeling
• Expert Witness
6400 Wishbone Terrace
Cabin John , MD 20818 USA
Tel: 30 1-229-4900
Fax: 301-320-6714
http ://www.hesslernoise.com
ADVERTISERS INDEX
ACO Pacific . ... 239,242
Acoustics Systems . . . 243
Bruel & Kjrer. . . . . . 199
CEL Instruments . 239,241
Eckel Industries, Inc.. . 195
Industrial Acoustics Cover 2
Larson Davis Inc.. Cover 3
LMS Numerical Technologies
. . ... .. .... Cover 4
The Modal Shop Inc.. . 244
Power Acoustics . . . . 197
Scantek, Inc . . . . 234,237
ADVERTISING SALES OFFICES
William R. Saunders
Associate Publisher/
Advertising Director
TEL: 212-419-7767
FAX: 212-419-7589
email: w.saunders@ieee.org
Susan E. Schneiderman
Adverti sing Sales Manager
TEL: 732 -562 -3946
FAX: 732-981 -1855
email: s.schneiderman@ieee.org
Robert Smrek
Production Director
TEL: 732-562-3944
FAX: 732-981 -1855
email : r.smrek @ieee.org
Leslie Russell
Advertising Production Coordinator
TEL: 732-562-3949
FAX: 732-981-1855
email: I.russell @ieee.org
New EnglandINortheast
lMidatlantic
Phil Marshall
TEL: 978-499-0900
FAX: 978-499-090 I
email: philm @newburyport.net
Midwest/Central Canada
Karen Mock
TEL and FAX: 217-465-6005
email: mock2@cwi.comwares.net
West Coast/Southwest/
Western Canada
Richard C. Faust
TEL: 310-373-9604
FAX: 310-373 -8760
email: rfaust3037@aol.com
Southeast/South Central
IEEE Magazines
TEL: 732-562-3946
FAX: 732-981-1855
email :s.schneiderman @ieee.org
Europe!AsialPaciticlLatin America
IEEE Magazines
TEL: 732-562-3946
FAX: 732 -981-1855
email: s.schneiderman@ieee .org
1998 December
NoiselNews International
247

Index to Volume 6
Asia-Pacific News
Australia: Noise Effects '98 is set for Sydney in November, 6: 43
Australia: Noise Effects "98, 6: 104
Australia: Acoustics and vibration software wins engineering award,6:
104
Australia: Noise Effects '98, 6: 168
India: Noise levels in a tiger preserve, 6: 104
Japan: New officersof INCE/Japan, 6: 168
Japan: New environmental quality standard, 6: 226
New Zealand: INTER-NOISE 98 is set for Christchurch, 6: 43
New Zealand: The 1998 International Symposium on Recreationa
Noise, 6: 43
New Zealand: Brief report on INTER-NOISE 98, 6: 226
Books
Acoustics: Architecture e Engineering e The Environment, 6: 169
Acoustics and NoiseControlHandbook for Architects andEngineers, 6:
169
Non-Auditory Effects of Noise, 6: 169
Handbook of Acoustics, 6: 216
Ruido - Fundamentos y Control, 6: 216
Computational Acoustics and its Environmental Applications, 6: 216
Calendar, World Conference, 6: 59,187,123,245
Directory, NNI, 6: 53,116,180,235
Directory of NoiseControl Services, 6: 63,127,191,246
Editorials, 6: 4,6,68,70,132,134,196,198
European News
Belgium: ISMA23 to be held in Leuven, 6: 42
Belgium: ISMA23 Conference is Held in Leuven, 6: 225
Belgium: Wolfel supportsenvironmental pollution modeling, 6: 225
Belgium: ABAV and NAG organizeacoustics course, 6: 167
Denmark: European noise conference is held in Copenhagen, 6: 225
Estonia: Joint International Symposium on Transport Noise and
Vibration, 6: 42
European Union: European Unionestablishes noiseworking groups, 6:
167
Germany: euroenoise set for Munich in October, 6: 103
United Kingdom: Reporton Non-auditory Effectsof Noiseis published,
6: 42
United Kingdom: Bratby is appointed lOA chief executive, 6: 42
United Kingdom: Newinterdisciplinary conference toexchange research
on smart structures, 6: 42
Features
Draft International INCE Working Party Report on Technical
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Noise Walls, 6: 11
Noise Control- Principles and Practice, 6: 37,157,217
Standards for a QuieterWorld: Some Acoustical Reflections from the
UK National Physical Laboratory, 6: 74
Travel Planning for INTER-NOISE 98 and the Recreational Noise
Symposium, 6: 85
NOISE-CON 98 and SQS98 Report, 6: 98
Reporting Guidlines for Community Noise Reaction Surveys, 6: 139
INTER-NOISE 98 and Queenstown '98, 6: 145
INTER-NOISE 99 Announcement and Call for Papers, 6: 149
ACTIVE 99 Announcement and Call for Papers, 6: 153
Noise ControlStandards for Machinery and Workplaces, 6: 201
Advances in Acoustical Standards and Electroacoustics, 6: 209
INCE Update
General Assembly to meet in Christchurch, New Zealand,6: 46
INCEIUSA elects 1998officersand directors, 6:
INCEIUSA issues new Recommended Practice, 6: 46
State of the Institute, 1997, 6: 46
Announcement: Award for excellence in noise controlengineering, 6:
106
Announcement: Outstanding Educatoraward, 6: 107
First announcement: ACTIVE 99 and INTER-NOISE 99,6: 108
International INCE financial report for 1997, 6: 108
INTER-NOISE 99 StudentPaper Prize Competition, 6: 228
I-INCE establishes ISO liaison, 6: 229
International Advertiser Contacts, 6: 61,125,189,238
Member SocietyProfiles
Noise and Vibration Division, SAIMechE, 6: 9
Sociedad Espanola de Acustica, 6: 72
Schweizerische Gesellschaft fUr Akustik, 6: 137
NALS (Germany), 6: 200
Obituaries
N. Chris Paulhus,6: 45
GerritJan Kleinhoote van Os, 6: 48
RobertO. Fehr, 6: 229
Sir James Lighthill, 6: 229
Pan American News
Brazil: 1st PIA Congress - Florianopolis, Brazil, 6: 166
USA: Penn State offers World Campus noise control engineering
program, 6: 44
USA: Participants soughtfor round robin on community noise, 6: 44
USA: MSHA publishes proposed noise regulation, 6: 44
USA Arvin partners with U.S. Airforce to improve automotive and
aircraftsound quality, 6: 44
USA AdnalAkay named Lord Professor in mechanical engineering at
Carnegie Mellon, 6: 44
USALarsonDavisIncorporated appoints a new CEO and president, 6:
44
USA: INCE/USA representatives appointed to CAOHC council, 6: 105
USA: ProfessorRaj Singh wins a national teaching award, 6: 105
USA: Government certifications and accrediations for Industrial
Acoustics Company's aero-acoustic laboratories, 6: 105
USA: Two new ANSI standards are approved, 6: 105
USA: Woodruffschoolhas new anechoicchamber, 6: 166
USA: NGC Testing Services acoustical facilities now available to
manufacturers, 6: 166
USA: Progressreport on transition to quieter airplanes 6: 227
USA: Eriksson Research is founded, 6: 227
Product News, 6: 55,118,182,240
Standards News (USA), 6: 49,109,170,174,230,232
248 NoiselNews International 1998 December

The NewMo e 2
Real Tune Analyzer
Features include:
• Dual Channel SLM and RTA (1 to 20 kHz)
• MLS (Maximum Length Sequence)
• Synchronous Averaging (FDSA)
• Zwicker Loudness
• Enhanced Room Acoustics
• Optional LEMOTM Connectors
• and more...

Appliance manufacturers
Automotive analysts
SYSNOISE, From Structural Response
To Acoustic Control
Audio designers
Electrical engineers
E!11powering Engineering Refinement ~
~ eO'
For the ultimate vibro-acoustic experience
SYSNOISE implements advanced acoustic modeling capabilities up-front in the design phase
to predict and refine acoustic performance at the soft-prototype level.
• NEW generati on of solvers with significant speed impro vements
• NEW transmission analysis through non-planar panel s (windows, doors, seals)
• Acoustic BEM, FEM and Infinite FEM methods for transient and harmonic anal ysis
• Calculation of SPL, sound power, acou stic intensity and acoustically induced vibration
• Vibro-acoustic response to random structural and diffuse acou stic load s
• Sound field in flow conditions
• Panel contribution, design sensitivities and optimization shell (LMS OPTIMUS)
• Support for experimental test data input (i.e. LMS CADA-X)
• Fully integrated two-way interfaces with MSCINASTRAN + PATRAN, ANSYS,
I-DEAS, Hypermesh, ABAQUS, Pro/M echani ca and oth ers
To find out how thousands of engineers today design quality into their products using
SYSNOISE, call us today.
For more information or application note" calilMS N.America
D ETRO IT P H O N E: (248 ) 952 5664
FAX: (248)9521610
t.o s A N GEl ES P H O N E: (714) 891 4205
[- MAll :
WE B S ITE :
FAX: (714)8916809
INfO @U04S .BE
WWW .LMSINTl .COM
lMS N.AM' RICA (US HQ) • 5455 CORPORATE OR'V' , SUITE 303 • TROY, MI 48098
fJm1i LMS
INTERNATIONAL
Empowering Engineering Refinement
Reader Service Number 17