Zoroastrianism Armenia

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Zoroastrianism zn Armenia by james R. Russe/1 Harvard Iranian Series Volume Five Richard N. Frye Editor Published by Harvard Univemty Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civtlizations and National Association for Armenian Studies and Research 1987
Published by Harvard University Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations and National Association for Armenian Studies and Research 175 Mt. Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Distributed by Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England ISBN 0-674-96850-6 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-181-47 This publication has been aided by subventions from James Russell and The Persian Heritage Foundation. © 1987 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College The production of this book was prepared at: PUBLICATIONS 468 Mt. Auburn Street. P.O.Box 302. Watertown, Massachusetts 02172, U.S .A. Tel: (617) 924-4420 ManufaciU red by Publisher\ Choice Book Mfg. Co. Mars, Penn sylvania 16046
Page 1: mw m Zoroastrianism . zn Armenia by
Page 5 and 6: TABLE 0Ғ CONTENTS Page Acknowledge
Page 7 and 8: great and venerable prophetic revel
Page 9 and 10: syncretism. The Armenians generally
Page 11 and 12: 2 Euphrates, Tigris, Kura, Araxes,
Page 13 and 14: и Ararat, seeding to float In Heaw
Page 15 and 16: Armenian spoken language, the image
Page 17 and 18: 8 scholars have proposed dates rang
Page 19 and 20: 10 Zoroastrian terms, or telling de
Page 21 and 22: 12 that the Survani be tiereey v4£
Page 23 and 24: lU influenced Zoroastrian thought i
Page 25 and 26: 16 auy саге, ГоГ peoples all
Page 27 and 28: 18 Notes - Introduction 1. On physi
Page 29 and 30: 20 10-a. See, most recently, М. М
Page 31 and 32: 22 20. The critical edition was edi
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 1 THE ARMENIAN ETHNOGENESIS
Page 35 and 36: on curly stage. A strik in g sxaspl
Page 37 and 38: 29 inscriptions at temple sites alw
Page 39 and 40: 31 The Muski on the Armenian platea
Page 41 and 42: poplars, and. there is an Urartean
Page 43 and 44: 35 of Mus (Н. F. B. Lynch, M. Oswa
Page 45 and 46: 37 42. See E. A. Grantovskii, Ranya
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 2 ARMENIA FROM THE MEDIAN C
Page 49 and 50: lake.1'" The "buildings of Taxt-i S
Page 51 and 52: 1*3 the tale recorded by MX in his
Page 53 and 54:
İJ-3 1+1+ •» language. And they
Page 55 and 56:
£0 better). It is possible that th
Page 57 and 58:
1*9 review some of the evidence we
Page 59 and 60:
51 99 Dadvah (Phi. Dai), which woul
Page 61 and 62:
these to Valarsak (Pth. Valaxs; Lat
Page 63 and 64:
55 been interpreted to read as foll
Page 65 and 66:
51 another king, but the use of the
Page 67 and 68:
59 Notes - Chapter 2 С с ^ с _ 1
Page 69 and 70:
I 6 ı 1976, 68, 71*, 77, 101) . Hr
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бз various compounds (azdahä-fas
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65 59- Strabo, XI.lU.15; on Hydarne
Page 75 and 76:
67 ending its present state of mixt
Page 77 and 78:
69 109- See S. T. Eremyan, 'Osnovny
Page 79 and 80:
71 138. See С. Habicht, 'Über ein
Page 81 and 82:
toponymical suffix; the name of the
Page 83 and 84:
MIr. пет 'brave ', a common roya
Page 85 and 86:
78 important information about the
Page 87 and 88:
80 From the foregoing it would seem
Page 89 and 90:
82 of his cult in Armenia is eloque
Page 91 and 92:
8U Armenian scholars have suggested
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86 provinces which had been ruled s
Page 95 and 96:
88 каге апзрСоѣСаЬа
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90 invaders, and for Eznik the azgn
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92 trepidation the news of the over
Page 101 and 102:
9b Phraates IV (ca. 38-2 B.C.). The
Page 103 and 104:
96 he had a daughter, Arpcenik; Ъ
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98 also a possible derivation of th
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100 himself; one notes the decorati
Page 109 and 110:
102 indeed, we have bas-reliefs of
Page 111 and 112:
ıoU continually addressed as 'swif
Page 113 and 114:
ю б 78. Hubschmann, Arm Gr* 120,
Page 115 and 116:
ıo8 100. Arm. G r ., 25-6. 101. Se
Page 117 and 118:
110 nrysfyzd *Narısaf yazd. In Man
Page 119 and 120:
CHAPTER Ц ARMENIA UNDER THE PARTHI
Page 121 and 122:
115 whose cherished image-shrines a
Page 123 and 124:
117 interwoven with that of Abgar I
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119 О) j WLGS (U) MLK;"' it is tra
Page 127 and 128:
121 absence o f m a t e ria l e v i
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123 suggested th a t 'A nak' was on
Page 131 and 132:
125 Caesarea in 3lU, i.e., in the s
Page 133 and 134:
127 Astisat. St. Gregory took immed
Page 135 and 136:
129 с с с с Hayoc0, gawarac gaw
Page 137 and 138:
131 legal precedent: Arsak's faithf
Page 139 and 140:
133 to Armenia. The biography of th
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135 commercial and administrative p
Page 143 and 144:
137 Whilst the two leaders of the p
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139 needful request of the three is
Page 147 and 148:
ll+l Notes - Chapter U 1. S. T. Ere
Page 149 and 150:
1^3 13. J. В. Segal, Edessa, the B
Page 151 and 152:
1U5 Tansar', a mediaeval document b
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Iff outside the aegis of the rule o
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İ»ı9 76. L. A. El'nitskii, 'K is
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151 К. Czegledy, 'Bahram Cobın an
Page 159 and 160:
CHAPTER 5 ARAMAZD Having observed t
Page 161 and 162:
155 Fire, the most important symbol
Page 163 and 164:
V found in early texts, but they ar
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159 laws of purity. Fatness (Av. az
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made to Aramazday awtarasirin '(of)
Page 169 and 170:
g of pseudo-Callisthenes, Alexander
Page 171 and 172:
165 Armenia, there are mountains wh
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£2 mentions an epistle of Mani to
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169 periods of 3000 years' duration
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171 Наук, refused to submit to
Page 179 and 180:
173 yet It seems sound to suggest t
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175 western border of Armenia, in C
Page 183 and 184:
ITT 12. Gray, op. cit., 24; Boyce,
Page 185 and 186:
179 29- Here used as pluralis tanta
Page 187 and 188:
ı8ı 60. Ibid., 34; on Sabalan in
Page 189 and 190:
183 89. H. S. Anasyan, Haykakan mat
Page 191 and 192:
185 Юб. Corpus Inscr. Sent., II,
Page 193 and 194:
187 Chapter Five. Platfc 1. View fr
Page 195 and 196:
100 discussion here. Mount Sabalan,
Page 197 and 198:
г 192 heraldic animal of the Arm.
Page 199 and 200:
ışU: 1 Nawasard, the ancient New
Page 201 and 202:
1 # (Zurvan) so that Ohrmazd might
Page 203 and 204:
The bamb"rn was probably a stringed
Page 205 and 206:
2Q0 52 hıgh-priest Arjan goes out
Page 207 and 208:
2,02 sons are probably fictional, e
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2СЖ of h e l l 1 or Diwtim 'House
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ew bnaJmtCiwns 'They say some have
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applications of the word than does
Page 215 and 216:
Zlfy god. Teiseba was one of the me
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of Zod, ca. 12 km. east of Basargec
Page 219 and 220:
sffi. с с с According to the sev
Page 221 and 222:
гг € important The Arm. Synaxar
Page 223 and 224:
гхе Notes - Chapter 6 1. See Ch.
Page 225 and 226:
23. Sir (Mark) Aurel Stein, Old Rou
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222 50. ZG, lU. 51. Ibid., 25. 52.
Page 229 and 230:
22k 75- Sahnazarean, Lusaberd, 26.
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ЮТ. 107-а. 108. 109. 110. 111. 1
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228 133. Ananikian, pi. II; АНН,
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PLATE I . r 230
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232
Page 239 and 240:
PLATE V. *it 234
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23 б The mother goddess is referre
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238 gods of pagan Mesopotamia rathe
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2k0 either side. The inscription on
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2k2 on both sides to the base of th
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zhh sacrifice to an alien goddess,
Page 251 and 252:
2k6 There was a great and ornate te
Page 253 and 254:
246 from brave Vahagn' (Agath. 127)
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250 and the town appears to have be
Page 257 and 258:
252 as we have seen, is preeminentl
Page 259 and 260:
A Notes - Chapter 7 1. M. J. Vermas
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256 a topographical feature. G. Hal
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258 53. A Christensen, L'lran sous
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2б0 NanaxatCun 'Nana the Lady', fr
Page 267 and 268:
262 a triad of yazatas: Ahura Mazda
Page 269 and 270:
264 Оизпейр {Arm. Vanaspl. I
Page 271 and 272:
266 Sasanian period emphasise the P
Page 273 and 274:
268 The Parthian Arsacids who came
Page 275 and 276:
270 priest^0 to the great cave C)^1
Page 277 and 278:
Pseudo-Plutarchus as to t5n gynaikd
Page 279 and 280:
2jb into stone (cf. confinement in
Page 281 and 282:
276 18. On the M ehnunis, see ZG, b
Page 283 and 284:
278 Valarsapat, l880, 51, cit. Ъу
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280 ЭСПІ.18). John Chrysostom l
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282 65. M i ’ 96. 66. See Sahinya
Page 289 and 290:
PI. Is The building at Garni. 284
Page 291 and 292:
PI. 3: Mheri durn. Van (Avandapatum
Page 293 and 294:
CHAPTER 9 TIE Nabü In the Babyloni
Page 295 and 296:
291 Dionysos as Spandaramet in Macc
Page 297 and 298:
jib St. Gregory the Illuminator, 29
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295 and Hubschmann mention a villag
Page 301 and 302:
297 apparently located near the cou
Page 303 and 304:
299 southwest of Greater Armenia. I
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301 itself is rare in early texts;
Page 307 and 308:
303 quite merciless,/for you make m
Page 309 and 310:
305 first Iranians to adopt his cul
Page 311 and 312:
307 for works on astrology. What of
Page 313 and 314:
309 attribution of magical powers o
Page 315 and 316:
311 Ліе le^tend of the
Page 317 and 318:
313 İĞ, M. Boyce, Zoroastrians, o
Page 319 and 320:
315 48. Hubschmann, op. cit. n. 4o,
Page 321 and 322:
317 83. В, Aiayan, Ardi hayerenl b
Page 323 and 324:
319 lines 251-3; T. Goell, 'The Exc
Page 325 and 326:
321 138. MA I, З8З-З88. 139. V.
Page 327 and 328:
7 Armaiti'.‘ Yet it seems that mo
Page 329 and 330:
32 б one', perhaps ал epithet of
Page 331 and 332:
328 kakcaw-dance had some religious
Page 333 and 334:
330 in ^ V ^ vineyards. Hubschmann
Page 335 and 336:
astray from his Creator.' 332 * с
Page 337 and 338:
ЗЗ1» svod continued to be consid
Page 339 and 340:
I 336 i Hayastan asxarhis, ew кс
Page 341 and 342:
338 Hellenistic period northeast of
Page 343 and 344:
3İ*0 had Ъееп worshipped on lo
Page 345 and 346:
3**2 engaged in sodorny,] and his m
Page 347 and 348:
зм. Zoroastrian times into the Ch
Page 349 and 350:
ЗШ mind. A fte r a l l , Herodotu
Page 351 and 352:
3U8 serve th e in te r e s ts o f h
Page 353 and 354:
350 20. ТСА 1 .8 . 21. MA 3, t5
Page 355 and 356:
352 «г С С V 55- Arm. sahapetk
Page 357 and 358:
35b a s i l v e r - g i l t p la te
Page 359 and 360:
356 1 0 2 . Cf. PCB IV , 2k and Ch.
Page 361 and 362:
358 135- MA 7, 27, citing АН, II,
Page 363 and 364:
CHAPTER 11 TORKC AHGEfcEAY Nergal T
Page 365 and 366:
збз Vahagn. By th e la te n in t
Page 367 and 368:
25 &ЪоѴе th a t o f a l l th e
Page 369 and 370:
Збт Гисе (ѴдІЫЭак) c
Page 371 and 372:
O rontid tim es. 3 69 I t is unsafe
Page 373 and 374:
Notes - C hapter 11 E. Dhorme, Les
Page 375 and 376:
373 32. See H. A carean, H ayeren a
Page 377 and 378:
37 б on w hich g i r l s go o u t
Page 379 and 380:
378 and b an ish s le e p , and to
Page 381 and 382:
380 S p e n ta s), and mixed w ith
Page 383 and 384:
382 I t appears th a t Ъу th a t
Page 385 and 386:
38U K ari nap at urn, yusam atean B
Page 387 and 388:
386 As is seen from th e above p as
Page 389 and 390:
388 fire -te m p le s . There is a
Page 391 and 392:
390 perhaps fo r th a t reason th a
Page 393 and 394:
392 f e s t i v a l on Nawasard was
Page 395 and 396:
391* 35. HAB, I I I , 139-^0. 36. S
Page 397 and 398:
396 58. The A rjern b a ra ra n , 7
Page 399 and 400:
390 92. The word a rta x u r may Ъ
Page 401 and 402:
Uoo in te rv e n in g ages to an e
Page 403 and 404:
1т ro y a l a n c e s to rs . ' 40
Page 405 and 406:
hok and w h ite dogs may Ъе com p
Page 407 and 408:
1*06 c h il d PCoxuac e s , i n c c
Page 409 and 410:
1+7 A r ta x ia d T igran I I . A r
Page 411 and 412:
Uıo h is c a r r ia g e by an ays_
Page 413 and 414:
Һ12 by W illia m B u tle r Y e a t
Page 415 and 416:
UıU harkanen znora zawrs ew sp a r
Page 417 and 418:
Ш6 I t i s u n lik e ly t h a t Ar
Page 419 and 420:
1+18 wounded.: e v e r p ie r c e d
Page 421 and 422:
----------------------------------
Page 423 and 424:
1+22 In A rtam et th e r e i s a p
Page 425 and 426:
y o u th s e t o f f and a r r iv e
Page 427 and 428:
1+26 N otes - C hapter 13 1 . See C
Page 429 and 430:
Һ28 c e n t . ) , Vasn krapaş-çu
Page 431 and 432:
изо 68. Arm. k in c , i s a v a
Page 433 and 434:
1*32 9 0 . Arm. ayr k c a j ■ К
Page 435 and 436:
һзһ f o l . 12 Ъ (Н. Hakobyan,
Page 437 and 438:
CHAPTER lit EVIL SPIRITS AND CREATU
Page 439 and 440:
k39 beneath the e a r t h ' to whom
Page 441 and 442:
I+İJİ p o s s ib ly o f th e same
Page 443 and 444:
һһз etym ology (n o te v . t . d
Page 445 and 446:
lıU5 d e a ir e d tlıe Sun, i t i
Page 447 and 448:
Numerous other e v i l s p i r i t
Page 449 and 450:
і*і*9 The t Ct)3-a (o r t cep-4 ,
Page 451 and 452:
'•51 о г с е з i x tr a n a
Page 453 and 454:
U53 In th e Armenian e p ic o f S a
Page 455 and 456:
Ь55 A nother demon w hose name i s
Page 457 and 458:
l8 '7 tem p tin g men in t h e i r
Page 459 and 460:
1*5 9 The snake and s c o r p io n
Page 461 and 462:
U6i th r e e n a i l s in h is h a
Page 463 and 464:
һбз Who c a re s n ought f o r t
Page 465 and 466:
U65 Notes - C hapter lU 1. DruJ is
Page 467 and 468:
J«ĞT 29. This etymology was propo
Page 469 and 470:
Һ69 $b. Arm. k cu e (a y ). See HA
Page 471 and 472:
Ut i 8U. On th e И г . etymology
Page 473 and 474:
1*73 103. These are p u r if ie d w
Page 475 and 476:
U75 Наук” 'High A rm enia', a
Page 477 and 478:
477 161. L. S. H e ra ld , I b i s
Page 479 and 480:
479 201- Matean olbergut еад ('B
Page 481 and 482:
CHAPTER 15 THE FIRE CULT In th e Z
Page 483 and 484:
1)83 *basnbed, Sgd. g-ynpt *faghnpa
Page 485 and 486:
!ı85 - 0)ı stream s o f l i v i n
Page 487 and 488:
C h ris tia n ity and subm itted to
Page 489 and 490:
1)89 p i l l a r , and f i r e v e
Page 491 and 492:
U91 o f g o b let and a l t a r - f
Page 493 and 494:
!і93 t h e i r b ro th e rs ; may
Page 495 and 496:
h ere. Two l a t e r n o tic e s o
Page 497 and 498:
p ad rö sag ; th e gen eral word f
Page 499 and 500:
Һ99 o f th e sh rin e o f M ihr, w
Page 501 and 502:
501 The Arm. c e le b ra tio n prov
Page 503 and 504:
seems th a t as th e f e a s t spre
Page 505 and 506:
505 and Ramin, Vis is b u rie d n e
Page 507 and 508:
507 xung, K urdish xung 'in c e n s
Page 509 and 510:
509 1+6. The p a in tin g , from Er
Page 511 and 512:
■ 511 IV -XI d areri sinararakan
Page 513 and 514:
513 87- A b l t c cean, 'Hay hin ir
Page 515 and 516:
CHAPTER 1 6 CHILDREN OF THE SUN We
Page 517 and 518:
517 c entu ry , although i t may Ъ
Page 519 and 520:
519 wu zu r g-fram adar 'Prim e M i
Page 521 and 522:
521 . с su g g ested th a t th e s
Page 523 and 524:
523 morning and west in the afterno
Page 525 and 526:
525 in their citations of invocatio
Page 527 and 528:
The fine poetical and polemical dis
Page 529 and 530:
529 Notes - Chapter 16 1. St. Basil
Page 531 and 532:
531 19- Conybeare, Cat. Arm MSS Bri
Page 533 and 534:
533 1*2. Joseph von Hammer, trans.
Page 535 and 536:
535 command, of Christ desire and s
Page 537 and 538:
537 gives it to a Christian, that o
Page 539 and 540:
'1 539 С С ч*0 . с с mnac eals
Page 541 and 542:
5һ2 A r m . G r . - H. Hubschmann,
Page 543 and 544:
5kk JAOS - Journal of the American
Page 545 and 546:
5b6 Ү. or Y s . - Yasna. YM - Yovh
Page 547 and 548:
ortnography only where clarity woul
Page 549 and 550:
550 P. Z. Bedoukian, Coinage of the
Page 551 and 552:
552 J. Labourt, La Christianisme da
Page 553 and 554:
55һ К. V. Trever, Ocherki во Is
Page 555 and 556:
556 historical Armenia based upon C
Page 557 and 558:
INDEX Abdisoy, St., 1 7!+ Abeiyan,
Page 559 and 560:
561 Argos, 1б1 Ariamnes, 93 Ariara
Page 561 and 562:
563 Bernard, P., 192 Berossus, 25 B
Page 563 and 564:
565 Dura Europos, 30б,3бі fresco
Page 565 and 566:
567 Hambaru, 1*1*9 Hamkars, 323 Ham
Page 567 and 568:
569 Koriwn, 133,13^,156,15T,U56 Kos
Page 569 and 570:
571 Mutc asxarh, 'world of dark', 3
Page 571 and 572:
573 Rasnu (continued) Rasn, 422 Ras
Page 573 and 574:
575 Syrians, 13,77 weather gpd amon
Page 575 and 576:
577 Mills, C.J., 46l Winged circle,
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