Puget Sound: Washington State's Best Investment - Earth Economics

Correct Jurisdictional Scale
Single-purpose investments often create
“infrastructure conflict,” where one infrastructure
investment frustrates the single-purpose goals of
other infrastructure investments. Coordinating
the investment of single-purpose districts within
watersheds, and then within the Puget Sound Basin,
could provide far greater benefits at less cost. Where
ecosystem services such as clean water and flood
control are lost, new single-purpose tax districts
such as shellfish districts, storm water districts, and
flood districts are created, with investments that can
undermine each other.
For example, 16 cities in the Green/Duwamish River
Watershed have built storm water systems, generally
directing water more quickly into the Green River.
This has increased peak flows and flood damage,
including damage to levees. Both higher levees and
current storm water systems have contributed to
salmon mortality and a reduction in water quality,
thereby damaging Puget Sound. Alternatively,
multiple benefits are produced through allowing a
flood district to pay the marginal difference between
a green infrastructure storm water option that puts
water back into the ground water. In turn, this handles
storm water, which reduces flooding and contributes
to higher flows in low-flow periods for salmon.
RECOMMENDATION: The determination of the
scale of any natural capital district should be
informed by the nature of the watershed, the area
that provides the service, actions that damage
the service, and the location of the beneficiaries.
Appropriately recognizing the scale of jurisdictions
would vastly reduce costs and provide greater
benefits to Washington State’s citizens.
Watershed Investment District Example
Seeing a tremendous opportunity to turn singlepurpose
investments into win-win watershed
investments that improve water quality and the
health of Puget Sound, the Green/Duwamish River
Watershed (WRIA 9) is pursuing a funding model
that will serve as a case study for other watersheds
in Washington State. WRIA 9 is one of the state’s
most developed watersheds that is home to major
industries (Boeing), agricultural development and
over 600,000 people.
With unanimous support from 16 cities, King County,
the business community and non-profit groups within
WRIA 9, Earth Economics held and participated in a
series of discussions among city agencies, counties,
businesses, NGOs and other members of Puget
Sound Watershed Resource Inventory Areas 7, 8,
9, 10, 11 and 12 between 2008 and 2010. Through
these engagements we developed the concept of
creating an institution to be organized and operated
at an appropriate (watershed) scale. The Watershed
Investment District (WID) would facilitate an
integrated approach to watershed and natural capital
management.
As watershed ecosystem services tend to conform to
natural boundaries, this scale for a WID would be an
appropriate scale for integrating planning, funding
and management of services such as flood control,
storm water management, and carbon sequestration.
Such an integrated approach is consistent with
86.15.035 RCW specifications for involving flood
control districts, cooperative watershed management
actions and with 39.34.200 RCW, which establishes
a general precedent for watershed management
partnerships.
“King County, in partnership with a cross-WRIA
coordination team, has created a rough draft of state
legislation that would authorize the development
of this integrated WID approach. The WID could be
designed as a tax district to restore natural capital
on a watershed scale. Just as the Transportation
Department we need federal, state, regional and
local transportation agencies to work cooperatively
to maintain restores and maintains our road systems,
we need local, regional, state and federal cooperation
to maintain our green infrastructure.
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