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POWER METHODOLOGY
CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
NON RENEWABLE
HAZRDOUS FOR ENVIRONMENT ON LONG TERM
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY
RENEWABLE, POLLUTION FREE
AN ALTERNATE SOURCE FOR A BETTER FUTURE
eg. WIND, SOLAR, BIOMASS ETC.

How Wind Turbines Work
Wind is a form of solar energy. Flow of Winds are caused by
uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun,
the irregularities of the earth's surface,
rotation of the earth.
Wind flow patterns modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of
water, and vegetation.
Humans use wind flow, or motion energy, for: sailing, flying a
kite, and even generating electricity.

How Wind Turbines Work
The term wind energy or wind power is the
process that the wind is used to generate
mechanical power or electricity.
Wind turbines convert kinetic energy of wind
into mechanical power, which can be used
for specific tasks e.g. grinding grain, pumping
water or convert this mechanical power into
electricity.

How Wind Turbines Work
How wind turbines make electricity
Simply stated, wind turbine works opposite of fan. Instead of
using electricity to make wind, wind turbines use wind to make
electricity. The wind turns the blades, that spin a shaft, which
connects to a generator and makes electricity.
Aerial view of a wind power plant shows how a group of wind
turbines can make electricity for the utility grid. The electricity is
sent through transmission and distribution lines to homes,
businesses, schools, and so on.

Ariel View

GRID CONNECTION OF WIND
TURBINE

WIND TURBINE TYPES
Types of Wind Turbines
Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups
the vertical-axis design,
the horizontal-axis design typically
two blades (upwind or downwind)
three blades (upwind)
Horizontal axis turbines are the most common type used
today..

WITH / WITHOUT GEAR
Gear connects low-speed shaft to high-speed shaft to
increase the rotational speeds from about 15 to 50 rpm
to about 1100 to 1550 rpm, the speed required by most
generators to produce electricity. The gear box is a
costly and heavy part of the wind turbine
“Direct Drive” wind turbines operate at lower rotational
speeds and don't need gear boxes

SYNCHRONUS /
ASYNCHRONUS
GENERATORS
Usually asynchronous generator that produces
50-cycle AC electricity because of it’s
robustness and grid friendly
Also synchronous generators are being used in
gearless system
AND Tubular / Lattice towers

FILM BY NITTR, BHOPAL
10 MINUTES FILM
ON
PARTS AND COMPONENTS
OF
WIND TURBINES

Schematic Sketch - WTG

COMPONENTS
Anemometer
Blades
Brake
Controller
Low-speed shaft
Gear box
Generator
High-speed shaft

COMPONENTS
Rotor
Nacelle
Pitch
Tower
Wind direction
Wind vane
Yaw drive
Yaw motor

AREAS REQUIRE ATTENTION
Design specification
Generally designed life 20 years, attention required for
rotating components
materials to be used
design criteria for components
surrounding & ambient condition
service dependability

AREAS REQUIRE ATTENTION
Grid compatibility & interferences
VOLTAGE / FREQUENCY
VOLTAGE & CURRENT ASSYMETRY
HARMONICS ( for power electronics)
VAR DRAWAL ( for inductive components)
GRID FLICKERING
STARTING CURRENT

SUPPLY SYSTEM
POOR GRID QUALITY AFFECTS PROJECT VIABILITY
MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEM (10 - 25 MW)
HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEM (ABOVE 15 MW)
NEED OF INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMER
TO AVOID HIGH LOSSES IN LOW VOLTAGE LINE
LARGE WIND FARMS NEED SEPARATE
SUB STATION

PRESENT WIND POWER
SCENARIO
INSTALLED CAPACITY – WORLD WIDE
MORE THAN 72,600 MW
INSTALLED CAPACITY – INDIA
6500 MW (TILL MARCH 31, 2007)

QUESTIONS PLEASE