705 Inglese - Mapei

Mapefluid
X408
Hyperplasticiser for
quality concrete with
high initial mechanical
strength and low loss
of workability
DESCRIPTION
Mapefluid X408 is a liquid hyperplasticiser for high
quality concrete (waterproof, durable and with an
extremely high initial mechanical strength) with reduced
loss of workability.
Mapefluid X408 is completely different from traditional
hyperplasticisers with a naphthalene sulphonate or
melamine sulphonate base condensed with
formaldehyde.
Mapefluid X408 is a completely formaldehyde-free
admixture for concrete based on non-sulphonated
acrylic polymers.
WHERE TO USE
Due to the high level of workability (consistency class
S4 and S5 according to EN 206-1) achievable with
Mapefluid X408 with reduced quantities of water in the
mix, concrete mixed with this additive is easy to place in
the fresh state and is characterised by extremely high
mechanical performance once hardened, even after a
short curing time.
Mapefluid X408 is particularly suitable for all those
applications which require, in addition to a reduced loss
of workability, the achievement of high mechanical
performance after a short curing time.
The principal fields of application are:
• precast concrete;
• ready-mixed quality concrete;
• waterproof and durable concrete complying with
EN 206-1 standards;
• concrete with good workability retention.
Some application examples
Beside the hyperplasticising effect, Mapefluid X408 has
an accelerating action on the hydration of the cement
without appreciably compromising the workability.
Due to the combination of these two effects
Mapefluid X408 is a hyperplasticiser particularly suited
for:
• the construction of reinforced concrete and
prestressed reinforced concrete structures (beams,
concrete slabs, panels, pillars, etc.);
• ready-mixed concrete for impermeable structures
resistant to aggressive agents (purification tanks,
reservoirs, digesters, canals, tunnels, etc.);
• ready-mixed concrete with a good degree of
workability;
• ready-mixed and precast concrete of high
(R ck >40 N/mm 2 ) and very high quality (R ck > 50 N/mm 2 ).
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Mapefluid X408 is a 43% water solution of acrylic
polymers and hydration catalysts capable of dispersing
the cement granules (see “Technical data” table). The
dispersing action of Mapefluid X408 can be used
effectively in three ways:
a) to reduce only the mixing water compared with that
of concrete with no admixture for the same workability:
with a consequent increase in mechanical strength,
reduced permeability to water and an increase in
durability (“Performance data” table);
b) to improve workability compared with that of
concrete with no admixture that has good performance
characteristics (mechanical strength, impermeability,
durability) but is otherwise difficult to place (stiff or
plastic concrete);
c) to reduce both water and cement (in equal
proportions) so that the water/cement ratio and
concrete performance, workability, are not changed in
comparison with those of standard concrete without
admixture: in this case there are technical advantages
such as a reduction in drying shrinkage, creep and
[sche4] 705 Inglese - 1 (MAPEFLUID X408) (13.05.2003 - 3ª Bozza/Ciano Digitale/PDF)

Mapefluid
X408
thermal stress caused by the heat developed
during cement hydration.
This method of use is especially
recommended for concrete with a high
cement factor (>350 kg/m 3 ).
Fig. 1 illustrates the above mentioned three
ways of using Mapefluid X408.
Mapefluid X408's special action can
therefore be adjusted to obtain the required
results (increased strength, improved
workability, reduced cement factor) by
varying the admixture dosage between
0.8-2% by weight of cement. The greater the
dosage, the greater the effect.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Although there are no specific uses for which
Mapefluid X408 is unsuitable, it is advisable
that in the production of medium quality
ready-mixed concrete (R ck < 35 N/mm 2 ) a
valid alternative to Mapefluid X408 is the use
of traditional hyperplasticisers with a
naphthalene or melamine sulphonate base.
Moreover, it is suggested that for the
production of precast concrete prepared in
batching plants of high (R ck > 40 N/mm 2 ) and
very high (R ck > 50 N/mm 2 ) quality, where long
workability is required (transport times above
1 hour and at temperatures higher than
+25°C) it is preferable to use Mapefluid X404.
APPLICATION PROCEDURE
Unlike traditional hyperplasticisers, whose
dispersal action is most efficient when the
addition of the admixture to the mix is
postponed, Mapefluid X408 always develops
its maximum dispersion action whenever it is
introduced into the concrete (at the start or
the end of the addition of the mix water).
This characteristic derives from its particular
chemical composition (non sulphonated acrylic
polymers). The dispersal action, moreover, is
greatly superior to that achieved with normal
superplasticisers and hyperplasticisers with a
naphthalene sulphonate or melamine
sulphonate base, and this translates into a
greater reduction in the ratio of water/cement.
Concretes of equal workability
The principle advantages that the use of
hyperplasticiser Mapefluid X408 gives
compared to the use of traditional
superplasticisers, with a naphthalene
sulphonate and melamine sulphonate base,
are the following:
• a lower dose of Mapefluid X408 admixture
(around 30% less) to obtain a concrete that
at the moment of mixing has the same
workability of conglomerate additives like
traditional superplasticisers;
• reduced loss of workability of the concrete
(compared to traditional superplasticisers)
during transport from the central mixing
plant to the construction site.
As a consequence of this, concrete with
Mapefluid X408 added are more fluid, at the
moment of pouring, than concrete made with
admixtures with a naphthalene sulphonate
and melamine sulphonate base, but are of
equal mechanical resistance both short and
long-term.
CONCRETE WITHOUT ADMIXTURE
▲
▲
▲
To increase
resistance
Less water
To increase
workability
No variation
in composition
To reduce
cement
Less water and
less cement
A
▲
CONCRETE WITH
ADMIXTURE
• Lower w/c ratio
• Higher mechanical
strength and durability
• Same workability
B
▲
C
▲
CONCRETE WITH
ADMIXTURE
• Similar mechanical
strength and durability
• Higher workability
CONCRETE WITH
ADMIXTURE
• Similar mechanical
strength, durability and
workability
• Lower shrinkage and
viscose deformation
• Lower hydration heat
Fig. 1 - Three different ways to take advantage of Mapefluid X408 admixture

TECHNICAL DATA (typical value)
PRODUCT IDENTITY
Type:
liquid
Colour:
amber
Density (kg/l):
1.23 ± 0.03 at +20°C
Dry solid content (%): 43 ± 2.1
Specific action:
water reduction and/or improved workability
Classification:
highly efficient water reducer superplasticiser
according to EN 934-2
Chlorides:
absent
Storage:
1 year in original closed packaging.
Protect from frost.
Hazard classification according to EC 99/45:
none
Customs class: 3824 40 00
PERFORMANCE DATA OF MAPEFLUID X408 IN CONCRETE *
Admixture dosage
(% by volume of cement): 0 1.0 1.5
w/c ratio: 0.60 0.43 0.39
Water reduction compared to concrete
without admix (%): – 28 35
Initial slump (cm): 20 21 20
Slump after 60 min. (cm): 6 15 15
Rcm 1 day (N/mm 2 ):
• 20°C: 8 20 24
Rcm 3 days (N/mm 2 ):
• 20°C: 16 35 39
Rcm 7 days (N/mm 2 ):
• 20°C: 24 48 54
Rcm 28 days (N/mm 2 ):
• 20°C: 35 63 70
R ck (N/mm 2 ): 30 55 65
Water penetration under pressure according to
EN 12390/8 (mm): 30 3 1
Durability (resistance to the environmental
exposure classes according to EN 206-1:
X0
XC0, XC1, XC2, XC3, XC4
XS1, XS2, XS3
XD1, XD2, XD3
XF1
XA1, XA2, XA3
(*) These data are average values obtained for concrete with 360 kg/m 3 of high-strength
Portland cement (CEM I 42.5 R) with natural aggregates (max. diam: 20 mm).

Mapefluid
X408
Concretes with equal dosage of
admixture
Due to its superior dispersal effect,
Mapefluid X408 allows a parity of dosage
compared to traditional superplasticisers with
a naphthalene sulphonate or melamine
sulphonate base, obtaining a large reduction
of the water in the mix.
This characteristic can be used
advantageously for different purposes:
• to obtain durable concrete with a high
mechanical performance, where the
elevated reduction of water in the mix is not
followed by a reduction in the dosage of
cement. The consequent decrease in the
water/cement ratio, in fact, increases both
the mechanical strength and the durability;
• to reduce both the thermal stress in the
structure and hygrometric shrinkage and
creep, when the high reduction of the mix
water is accompanied by a corresponding
decrease of cement (equal water/cement
ratio). In fact the simultaneous reduction of
the water in the mix and of the cement
content produces a reduction in both the
heat of hydration and in shrinkage and
creep, typical phenomena of the cement
matrix.
Moreover, in equal dosage, Mapefluid X408
allows the production of concrete
characterised by a reduced loss of
workability compared to the traditional
superplasticisers with a naphthalene
sulphonate or melamine sulphonate base.
Compatibility with other products
Mapefluid X408 admixture is compatible with
other products for the production of special
concrete and in particular with:
• Mapeplast PT1 air-entraining agent for the
production of concrete resistant to
freeze/thaw cycles;
• Mapei's Expancrete expanding agent for
the production of shrinkage compensated
concrete;
• fly ash and silica fume for the production of
concrete with artificial pozzolan;
• MAPEI’s DMA 1000, DMA 2000 or
DMA 3000 Form-Release Agents for
stripping formwork from a concrete;
• MAPEI’s Mapecure E or Mapecure S
curing compounds for protection from rapid
evaporation of water from concrete without
formwork (flooring).
DOSAGE
By weight
From 0.9 to 2.4 kg for every 100 kg of cement.
By volume
From 0.8 to 2.0 l for every 100 kg of cement.
PACKAGING
Mapefluid X408 is supplied in 200 l drums
and in 1000 l tanks.
Also available in bulk on request.
STORAGE
Store in closed containers, protect from frost
and exposure to direct sunlight.
WARNING
Although the technical details and
recommendations contained in this report
correspond to the best of our knowledge and
experience, all the above information must, in
every case, be taken as merely indicative and
subject to confirmation after long-term
practical applications; for this reason, anyone
who intends to use the product must ensure
beforehand that it is suitable for the envisaged
application. In every case, the user alone is
fully responsible for any consequences
deriving from the use of the product.
All relevant references
of the product are available
upon request
Any reproduction of texts, photos and illustrations published
here is prohibited and subject to prosecution (GB) A.G. BETA
®
BUILDING THE FUTURE
MAPEI GROUP CERTIFIED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(Quality, Environment and Safety)
CERTIQUALITY
No. 250/2
MAPEI S.p.A. - ITALY
CERTIQUALITY
No. 3358
MAPEI FAR EAST Pte Ltd
ITC
No. 00 0083 SJ
MAPEI Sro - CZECH REP.
705-5-2003
CERTIQUALITY
No. 1517/1
DNV
No. 94-OSL-AQ-6236
PLANT OF SAGSTUA
DNV
No. 12026-2002
AQ-BUD-TGA
QMI
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IRAM
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MAPEI FRANCE
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