大仓鼠种群遗传多样性的季节性变化3

48 (6) :733740 , 2002
A cta Zoologica S inica
3
33 333
(
, 100080)
DNA (RAPD) ,
( Cricetu2
lus t riton)
, 209
( 60 , 45 , 59
, 45 ) 87 , 8612 %
; 4
,
Shannon Nei
: < < < ;
, ;
( , %)
, Ford ,
RAPD
,
,
22 (Myers et al . ,
1974 ; Hansiki , 1987 ; Hansson et al . , 1988 ; Bat2
zli , 1992 ; , 1996) Chitty RAPD
,
,
,
DNA ,
, ,
,
, ( Chit2 ,
ty , 1967) , ( M icrot us sp. )
, ,
,
( ,
; , 2001 , 1998 ; , 1990 ; , 1999)
38 , 13 ,
Chitty ,
222 , 910
,
,
,
,
,
,
DNA (RAPD) ,
,
( Seme2
, onoff et al . , 1968 ; Gaines et al . , 1971 ; ,
, 1983 ; Tamarin , 1985) ,
Ford
,
,
, Ford
( 111
, 1992) ,
, 1998 4 7 10
,
, 12
2001207220 , 2001212210
3
( KSCX22SW2103 ; KSCX221203)
(39730090 ; 39825105)
33 E2mail : zhangzb @panda. ioz. ac. cn
333
:
, , 34 ,
:
,
Ford
1

34 7 48
, 11512 Shannon
( King et al . ,
23 km
, 200
300 , 37 ,
, DNA Salah et al . (1997) ,
H T = 1 - J T = 1 - (X 2 k ) / n
( , 2001) , DNA
4
, J T
, J T = (X 2 k ) /
n , X k = iwix ik , w i i (w i = 1)
113
Operon , 81
6 ,
, D ij = (J i + J j ) / 2 - J ij , J ij i
114 RAPD
Williams et al .
j
: J ij =X ik X jk (1993) , ( G ST )
(D ST ) ,
:
( H T ) :
25 l , Tris2HCl 10 mmol/ L , p H 813 ,
G ST = D ST / H T
KCl 50 mmol/ L , MgCl 2 115 mmol/ L , 4 dN TP 11514 SPSS
For Windows
100 mol/ L , 8 pmol/ L ,
, K2S
DNA 25 ng , 1 U Taq ( Promega ) ,
, Pearson
PCR
PE 9600
RAPD
94 5 min ,
40 94 1 min ,
Fisher
36 1 min , 72 2 min
72 10 min RCR
DNA
0105 %
114 %
, DNA/ EcoR
+ Hind 50 V ,
3 6 , 1 6 h ,
115
11511
RAPD
0199
( , 2 6
4 1999) RAPD
, RAPD 6 4
Kongkiatngam et al .
1989)
H = - p i log 2 p i ,
4060
P i , H
, 1998
( H pop ) 209 , 60 45 59
( H sp )
45 , 4
11513 Nei Nei (1973)
DNA ,
( H T )
( H S )
(D
ST ) :
,
4 , H T = H S + D ST
, 30 m ,
25 , H S = 1 - J S = 1 - ( J i ) / S
10 m , 3 d
S
, J S ,
: = (
/ )
J S = ( J i ) / S , J i = (x 2 ik ) / n , J i i
100 %
, x ik i k
112
D NA , n
D ST = H T - H S D ST = ( D ij ) / S 2
RAPD Shannon
Nei
; 2
211 RAPD
6
RAPD
, ,
(1995) RAPD
87 , 75
, Shan2
,
01862 6
non
(01679) ,

6 : 735
(018)
213 Nei : < < < ; , ,
,
,
,
: < < < ,
(5) , Shannon
Nei
DNA ,
01118 01035 (6) , 1118 %
,
(8812 %)
1
6
, 4
Table 1 The primers used to analyze seasonal changes in the , Shannon
genetic diversity of Cricetulus triton populations and
the proportion of polymorphic loci in these primers
(5 23 )
Primers Sequences
Rate of
Polymorphic
Fragments
polymorphism
loci
loci
OPA04 AATCGGGCTG 15 11 01733
OPA09 GTGATCGCAG 13 12 01923
OPA18 AGGTGACCGT 14 13 01929
OPH14 ACCAGGTTGG 17 17 1
OPM06 CTGGGCAACT 11 7 01636
OPY04 GGCTGCAATG 17 15 01882
212 Shannon
(61250) , (71207) (3) Shannon
: < <
Nei
Nei
,
,
(1) Shannon Nei
,
,
< ,
1 Shannon ( 1/ 10)
, Nei
Fig. 1 Seasonal change in the proportion of
86 %14 % ,
polymorphic loci , Shannon index and Neiπs index in a
,
(4) rat2like hamster population
2
Table 2 The number and proportion of polymorphic loci in four seasonal populations of C.
triton
Primers
Spring population Summer population Autumn population Winter population
Polymorphic loci
OPA04 11 (01733) 7 (01538) 6 (01462) 9 (01643) 11 (01733)
OPA09 11 (01846) 11 (01846) 11 (01846) 8 (01667) 12 (01923)
OPA18 12 (01857) 10 (01714) 10 (01714) 10 (01714) 13 (01929)
OPH14 14 (01824) 13 (01765) 14 (01824) 15 (01882) 17 (11000)
OPM06 7 (01636) 6 (01545) 6 (01545) 6 (01545) 7 (01636)
OPY04 13 (01867) 14 (01875) 10 (01625) 10 (01714) 15 (01882)
(Sum of loci)
68 (018)
61 (01726)
57 (01679)
58 (01707)
75 (01862)

36 7 48
Table 3 Genetic diversity of C.
3 Shannon
triton in four seasons within a year detected using the Shannon index
Primers OPA04 OPA09 OPA18 OPH14 OPM06 OPY04 Mean
(Spring population) 61533 91248 81329 91313 21786 71034 71207
(Summer population) 41198 91893 71260 81506 31278 81863 71000
(Autumn population) 31869 71753 61455 101239 31256 51930 61250
( Winter population) 51539 51750 71841 101420 41553 61082 61697
4 Shannon
Table 4 Genetic differentiation of rat2like hamster within and among four seasons detected using Shannon index
Primers OPA04 OPA09 OPA18 OPH14 OPM06 OPY04 Mean
H pop
( Genetic diversity within population H pop )
H sp
( Genetic diversity in all populations H sp )
H pop / H sp
(Rate of genetic diversity within populations H pop / H sp )
51035 81161 71471 91619 31468 61977 61789
61011 91274 81539 111521 31805 81195 71891
01838 01880 01875 01835 01912 01851 01860
( H sp 2 H pop ) / H sp
01162 01120 01125 01165 01088 01149 01135 01030
(Rate of genetic diversity among populations) ( H sp 2 H pop ) / H sp
5 Nei
Table 5 Genetic diversity of four seasonal populations of C.
triton detected using Neiπs index)
Primers
Spring population
Summer population
Autumn population
Winter population
OPA04 01271 01169 01165 01223
OPA09 01369 01399 01299 01221
OPA18 01288 01259 01226 01281
OPH14 01242 01226 01273 01278
OPM06 01165 01204 01203 01304
OPY04 01198 01267 01175 01183
SD (Means SD)
01256 01073 01254 01079 01224 01054 01248 01046
6 Nei
Table 6 Genetic differentiation among four seasonal populations of C.
triton detected using Neiπs index
Primers
H T
H S
Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity Genetic differentiation
in all populations H T within populations H S among populations D ST among populations
D ST
G ST
OPA04 01243 01207 01036 01147
OPA09 01362 01322 01040 01110
OPA18 01293 01264 01030 01101
OPH14 01299 01255 01045 01149
OPM06 01233 01219 01014 01059
OPY04 01239 01206 01034 01141
SD (Means SD)
01278 01050 01245 01045 01033 01011 01118 01035

6 : 737
7
( A, B, C, D , E, F) 4
Table 7 Statistitical signif icance of differences in frequencies of some RAPD
fragments ( A, B, C, D , E, F) in C.
triton in four seasons
OPA04 OPA09 OPA18 OPH14 OPM06 OPY04A5
A5 B5 B11 C6 C8 C11 D3 D16 E1 E5 E9 F5 F9 F10 F11 F15
(Spring) 0158 0162 0170 0182 0145 0117 0113 0112 0108 0102 0133 0152 0130 0118 0128 0175
(Summer) 0111 0156 0160 0162 0122 0113 0102 0109 0109 0136 0167 0184 0153 0124 0167 0149
(Autumn) 0164 0171 0120 0168 0132 0112 0159 0153 0108 0132 0154 0195 0163 0169 0192 0129
(winter) 0144 0196 0 0120 0158 0147 0127 0104 0140 0164 0182 0187 0138 0142 0144 0153
- (Spring - summer) 333 3 3 3 333 333 333 3 333 33
- (Spring - autumn) 333 333 333 333 3 333 333 333 333 333
- (Spring - winter) 333 333 333 33 333 333 333 333 33 3
- (Summer - autumn) 333 333 333 333 333 33 3
- (Summer - winter) 333 333 333 333 333 333 33 333 33 3
- (Autumn - winter) 3 33 33 333 3 333 33 333 333 33 33 3 33 333 3
P < 0105 33 P < 0101 333 P < 01001
214 RAPD
RAPD
10 12 2167 % , 3117 % ,
518 % , 012 %12
, 7
, 7 ,
, 1012 ( ,
,
(B11) ; 1990) 413 % 3 4
,
RAPD Shannon
, C6
Nei RAPD
012 ,
016 ( r = - 01840 , P = 01160 , n = 4 ) ;
215
RAPD
( r = -
8 2 ,
01890 , P = 01110 , n = 4) ; Shannon
010229 010409 , 010347
( r = - 01998 , P = 01002 ,
,
,
n = 4) ; Nei
( r = -
, 01961 , P = 01039 , n = 4)
8 4
Table 8 The genetic distance matrix of four
seasonal populations of C.
Spring
(Spring) 0
Summer
(Summer) 010229 0
triton
Autumn
(Autumn) 010376 010357 0
Winter
(Spring) 010409 010355 010353 0
1998
4 , 7 ,
2
4
UPGMA Fig. 2 The UPGMA distance graph of four
seasonal populations of rat2like hamsters
based on a genetic distance matrix
3
216
, RADP RADP
1998
179 , 160 Shannon Nei ,
, 8914 % ,
212 % ,
, ,

38 7 48
3
( , %) Fig. 3 The relationship between genetic diversity and population density ( trap success , %) in C.
Semeonff et
(3) ,
, al . (1968) ( M icrot us agrestis)
Ford ,
, , ,
;
,
, ,
,
,
( Semeonoff et
,
, al . , 1968) Gaines et al . (1971) Leduc et al .
; , (1975) ( Tf ) ,
,
, (Lap)
,
,
Chitty ,
, ,
Ford
,
,
Shannon
,
,
, ,
( Prior et al . , 1997)
,
,
, RAPD
,
( 1983 ) ( M us
, m uscul us)
( Hb) 6 ,
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( Abstract)
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF RAT2L IKE
HAMSTER ( CRIC ETUL US TRI TON) POPULATIONS 3
WAN G Yong2Qing ZHAN G Zhi2Bin 33 WAN G Yu2Shan
XU Lai2Xiang WAN G Fu2Sheng CAO Xiao2Ping
( State Key L aboratory of Integrated Pest Management of A gricult ure , Instit ute of Zoology ,
Chi nese Academy of Sciences , Beiji ng 100080 , Chi na)
The genetic diversity of rat2like hamster ( Cricet ul us t riton) populations in Hebei Province , China was in2
vestigated using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method through the polymerase chain reac2
tion ( PCR) . Eighty2seven discernible DNA fragments were isolated from the DNA of 209 rat2like hamsters
(spring population 60 , summer population 45 , autumn population 59 , winter population 45) , of which over
3 This work was supported by the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX22SW2103 and KSCX221203) and Major
Project Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39730090 and 39825105)
33 Corresponding author. zhangzb @panda. ioz. ac. cn

40 7 48
8612 % were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci , Shannon index and Neiπs index showed similar
seasonal trends , genetic diversity being highest in spring and lowest in autumn irrespective of which method was
used. These seasonal changes in genetic diversity do not support the Ford hypothesis. We propose a new hypoth2
esis ,The Reproduction and Dispersal Balanced Hypothesis to explain the seasonal changes in genetic diversity
we observed. The genetic diversity of a population cannot simply be described by the Ford hypothesis in terms of
natural selection alone. The genetic relationship among individuals , which is mainly determined by dispersal , al2
so affects the genetic diversity of a population.
Key words Rat2like hamster ( Crecet ul us t riton) , RAPD , Genetic polymorphism , Genetic regulation , Popula2
tion dynamics