GS48A

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LNG Shipping at 50|the middle years The possibility of converting Q-flex and Q-max ships to dual-fuel running on a fleetwide basis is under review improved economies of scale in the delivery of LNG to its customers. The four Qatargas and two RasGas Super Trains in place at Ras Laffan have also contributed to this capability. These facilities have built Ras Laffan’s production capacity to today’s level of 77 mta from 14 trains. The technical management of the 25 Q-flex and Q-max ships fully owned by Nakilat is the responsibility of Shell International Trading and Shipping Company (STASCO). Under the master services agreement signed by Nakilat and Shell, STASCO is assisting the Qatari owner in managing its LNG carrier fleet and recruiting and training seafarers. Further, the partnership agreement calls for Nakilat to assume full responsibility for the management of the fleet within a timeframe of 8-12-years. The Q-flex and Q-max vessels were designed and ordered when oil prices were low and those for gas high. The situation resulted in a ship design which is unique for LNG carriers, i.e. a pair of conventional, oil-burning, low-speed diesel engines for each vessel in tandem with a powerful reliquefaction plant which processes cargo boil-off gas and returns it to the tanks as LNG. Hamworthy provided the reliquefaction plants for the Q-flex ships and Cryostar those for the Q-max vessels. It was decided at the design stage that each of the large ships had to be provided with two reliquefaction plants to provide a full measure of redundancy. Because the reliquefaction plants are computer-controlled when in service rather than operated manually, additional redundancy is provided through backup monitoring and control systems. For emergencies, to dispose of excess gas if the full cargo reliquefaction capability is down, each vessel is provided with a gas combustion unit (GCU). All the Q-flex and Q-max ships are built with five cargo tanks, in contrast to the four tanks on conventional size LNG carriers. As many of the conventional size LNG ships now being ordered are of 170,000m 3 and above, there is not much difference in cargo-carrying capacity between an individual cargo tank on one of these ships and one on a Q-flex vessel. Amongst other things, the five-tank arrangement reduces the risk of cargo sloshing damage. The longitudinal strength of the big LNG carriers is such that the ships are capable of handling any combination of full or empty cargo tanks. As is the case with several of the liquefaction projects at Ras Laffan, the key principals behind the development of the designs for the Q-flex and Q-max ships were ExxonMobil and Qatar Petroleum. The pair established the Qatargas Operating Company Ltd to oversee the design and supervise the construction of the Q-flex and Q-max fleet. At the busiest time of the newbuild project Qatargas Operating Co had 150 people on its payroll. Qatargas Operating Co believed that one of the key advantages of providing high-capacity reliquefaction plants for the Q-flex and Q-max vessels was that it disentangled the issue of cargo tank pressures from the ship’s fuel cycle. Nevertheless fuel is the major cost item for Qatargas and RasGas, as charterers of the vessels. Oil bunkers are now expensive relative to natural gas, to the extent that conversion of the existing MAN engines on the Q-flex and Q-max ships to dualfuel running is being considered. In 2015, as a test case, the two engines on one of the Q-max vessels will be converted in a project likely to require 40 days in drydock to complete and an expenditure of US$15-20 million. The results of this trial will determine whether the conversion of the whole or a further part of the 45-ship fleet is feasible. In the meantime most new LNG receiving terminals coming onstream worldwide are designed to accommodate ships of up to the Q-max size and many existing facilities not previously sized for such vessels have now been suitably modified. In recent years one-third of all LNG moving by sea originated in Qatar and in 2013 shipments from Ras Laffan reached 25 of the world’s 29 LNG-importing countries. MC 90 I LNG shipping at 50 A SIGTTO/GIIGNL commemorative issue
WE UNDERSTAND THE UNIQUE AND RIGOROUS DEMANDS of an LNG carrier. She not only has to transport liquefied natural gas safely, she has to perform at her optimum to deliver her cargo on time, all the time. As an operator and owner of an LNG carrier, meeting commercial schedules is a commitment. So will we. As your partner, we work with you to meet all your performance goals; returning your vessel to service as promised. And never for one moment compromising on Quality, Health, Safety and Environment targets. privileged to serve international major LNG owners and operators namely BG Americas & Global LNG, BP Shipping Ltd, BW Gas AS, Chevron Shipping Co LLC, GasLog LNG Services Ltd, CLSICO, Exmar LNG, Golar Wilhelmsen Management, H-Line Shipping, HOS Co Ltd, KLC Ship Management, K Line Shipmanagement, MISC Berhad, MO LNG Transport, Maran Gas Maritime Inc, NiMiC Shipmanagement Co Ltd, Nigeria LNG, North West Shelf Shipping Services Company, NYK LNG Ship Management, Oman Shipping Company, SK Shipping, STASCo, Teekay Gas Services and V. Ships LNG UK Ltd. Perhaps the greatest proof of our commitment to our partners is the unfailing consistency with which we deliver results. We are Sembawang Shipyard is indeed proud to be the world's leading shipyard for LNG vessels' repairs, refurbishment & life extension. (A Subsidiary of Sembcorp Marine Ltd), Regn. No. 199606058N Admiralty Road West, Singapore 759956 • Tel: 65 6752 2222 Fax: 65 6758 1025 E-mail: sembship@sembship.com • Website: www.sembship.com
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LNG SHIPPING AT 50 SIGTTO at 35 & G
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Fifty years ago, Shell was proud to
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Grain LNG Terminal of choice for LN
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LNG Shipping at 50|the early years
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Höegh LNG is listed on the Oslo st
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the early years|LNG Shipping at 50
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SOLUTIONS GTT, with over 50 years o
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project owed much to the teamwork b
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and buyers in the US. Algeria later
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Brunei targets its own 50th anniver
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early history|LNG Shipping at 50 co
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application of insulation. Each sph
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Cavalcade of LNG non-starters Few i
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Integrated marine services to LNG,
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After launching his own ship design
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Over 50 years of global gas leaders
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Page 52 and 53: Celebrating 50 years of LNG safety
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Page 68 and 69: Access our extensive LNG expertise
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GS48A

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