Russia and the Jews
Russia and the Jews
Russia and the Jews
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Solzhenitsyn also refers to an article by <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>n war<br />
minister of <strong>the</strong> British Cabinet, Winston Churchill of February<br />
1920 in The London Illustrated Sunday Herald:<br />
And now at last this b<strong>and</strong> of extraordinary personalities<br />
from <strong>the</strong> underground of <strong>the</strong> great cities of Europe <strong>and</strong><br />
America has gripped <strong>the</strong> <strong>Russia</strong>n people by <strong>the</strong> hair of<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir heads <strong>and</strong> has become practically <strong>the</strong> undisputed<br />
master of that enormous [<strong>Russia</strong>n] empire. 168<br />
In this connection, Solzhenitsyn mentions that <strong>the</strong><br />
British intervention troops in <strong>the</strong> Baku area “shot 26 Bolshevik<br />
commissars on September 20, 1918 in Baku in <strong>the</strong><br />
desert on <strong>the</strong> Caspian Sea, without this exciting <strong>the</strong> slightest<br />
interest on <strong>the</strong> part of <strong>the</strong> world public.”<br />
It never bo<strong>the</strong>red <strong>the</strong> many humanitarian moral apostles<br />
of <strong>the</strong> Western world that “<strong>the</strong> English were in a hurry<br />
to occupy <strong>the</strong> oil fields of Baku.” 169<br />
The authors of <strong>the</strong> anthology <strong>Russia</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Russia</strong>n Jewry, G. Aronson<br />
<strong>and</strong> I.M. Bikermann, confessed in<br />
1924 <strong>the</strong>ir worry:<br />
Naturally it is clear that not all<br />
<strong>Jews</strong> are Bolsheviks, <strong>and</strong> not all<br />
Bolsheviks are <strong>Jews</strong>, but it does not<br />
take long to prove how excessively,<br />
<strong>and</strong> above all how over-zealously,<br />
<strong>Jews</strong> took part in <strong>the</strong> abuse of <strong>the</strong><br />
half-dead <strong>Russia</strong> by <strong>the</strong> Bolsheviks.<br />
. . . The <strong>Russia</strong>n people have never before experienced<br />
<strong>Jews</strong> in power.<br />
Now, however, one experiences <strong>the</strong>m at every step <strong>and</strong><br />
turn, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir power is brutal <strong>and</strong> unlimited. . . . One must<br />
underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> psychological reaction of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Russia</strong>ns<br />
when <strong>the</strong>y feel <strong>the</strong>mselves suddenly exposed to <strong>the</strong> power<br />
of this whole rotten scum, with its arrogance <strong>and</strong> crudity,<br />
its self-centeredness <strong>and</strong> churlish behavior. 170<br />
When in 1929 <strong>the</strong> forced collectivization of agriculture<br />
was introduced, which led to at least 6 million dead by programmed<br />
famine, although it was ordered by Stalin it was<br />
carried out by a variegated team of Jewish communist executioners.<br />
Solzhenitsyn tells us in The <strong>Jews</strong> in <strong>the</strong> Soviet<br />
Union:<br />
In <strong>the</strong> national planning authority “Gosplan,” Stalin<br />
maintained <strong>the</strong> previous Jewish majority.<br />
Of course J. Larin was among <strong>the</strong>m, [<strong>the</strong> founder of<br />
“It is clear that not all <strong>Jews</strong><br />
are Bolsheviks, <strong>and</strong> not all<br />
Bolsheviks are <strong>Jews</strong>, but it does<br />
not take long to prove how how<br />
over-zealously <strong>Jews</strong> took part in<br />
<strong>the</strong> abuse of <strong>the</strong> half-dead<br />
<strong>Russia</strong> by <strong>the</strong> Bolsheviks.”<br />
<strong>the</strong> economics of “war communism”—Ed.] <strong>and</strong> one of <strong>the</strong><br />
leading lights <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>oreticians of collectivization. Levi<br />
Krizman began functioning in 1928 as <strong>the</strong> director of <strong>the</strong><br />
Agricultural Institute <strong>and</strong> from 1931-1933 he was <strong>the</strong><br />
Deputy Chairman of <strong>the</strong> Gosplan. . . .<br />
Jacob-Levi-Epstein was <strong>the</strong> head of <strong>the</strong> People’s Agricultural<br />
Commissariat. . . . Afterward [around <strong>the</strong> end of<br />
of 1929] he led <strong>the</strong> “Great Reform,” <strong>the</strong> collectivization<br />
attack, which affected millions, along with <strong>the</strong> eager fulfillers<br />
of his plan. 171<br />
[He] belonged, toge<strong>the</strong>r with M. Kalmanovich to <strong>the</strong><br />
highest Government Council for Work <strong>and</strong> Defense<br />
(whose composition is nearly completely mentioned with<br />
Stalin, Molotov, Mikoyan, Orjonikidse <strong>and</strong> Voroshilov). 172<br />
S. Margolina writes in her book Das Ende der Lügen<br />
[The End of <strong>the</strong> Lies—Ed.]:<br />
Besides this, at <strong>the</strong> end of <strong>the</strong> 1920s<br />
not a few Jewish communists began<br />
showing up for <strong>the</strong> first time out in <strong>the</strong> flat<br />
country as military comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> as<br />
lords of life <strong>and</strong> death. It was only over<br />
<strong>the</strong> course of <strong>the</strong> collectivization that <strong>the</strong><br />
picture of <strong>the</strong> Jew as <strong>the</strong> hated enemy of<br />
<strong>the</strong> farmer was formed—even in areas<br />
where no one had ever previously seen a<br />
Jew face-to-face. 173<br />
Solzhenitsyn takes a st<strong>and</strong> against<br />
<strong>the</strong> view that it <strong>the</strong>re was merely a Jewish “layer of implementers”<br />
<strong>and</strong> stresses instead that “<strong>Jews</strong> also belonged in<br />
no small measure to <strong>the</strong> dominant class of that time,” 174<br />
which, after 1937/38, <strong>and</strong> centered in <strong>the</strong> large cities, kept<br />
<strong>the</strong> whole enormous country under lock <strong>and</strong> key, ever forgetting<br />
to put forth that <strong>the</strong> exponent of <strong>the</strong>ir idea, Karl<br />
Marx, was “<strong>the</strong> creative genius behind <strong>the</strong> ideas for <strong>the</strong><br />
communist liberation of mankind.”<br />
The “pitiless <strong>and</strong> disastrous” Lazar Kaganovich, a<br />
member after 1930 of <strong>the</strong> Politburo <strong>and</strong> head of <strong>the</strong> Central<br />
Committee’s Control Commission, <strong>and</strong> after <strong>the</strong> mid-<br />
1930s CC Secretary, was co-responsible for <strong>the</strong> forced collectivization<br />
of agriculture <strong>and</strong> for <strong>the</strong> great purges of<br />
1934-1938. Solzhenitsyn says that, “outside of Stalin, he<br />
was <strong>the</strong> only one at this height.” 175 His three bro<strong>the</strong>rs in<br />
high positions also received Solzhenitsyn’s mention. The<br />
press, <strong>the</strong> political administration of <strong>the</strong> Red Army <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
guidance of <strong>the</strong> Komsomol [<strong>the</strong> communist youth organization]<br />
lay in Jewish h<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
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