International Education Guide - China - Enterprise and Advanced ...

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.12 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION FROM CHINA Table 10. Primary and Junior Secondary School Curriculum (6+3), 1994 Subject Weekly Hours Primary Junior Seccondary Total Hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 Primary Junior Secondary Ideology and Morality 1 1 1 1 1 1 204 404 Ideology and Politics 2 2 2 200 Chinese 9 9 9 8 7 7 6 9 5 1,666 534 2,200 Mathematics 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 986 468 1,454 Foreign I 3 3 204 204 Language II 4 4 4 400 400 Social Studies 2 2 2 204 History 2 2 2 200 557 Geography 3/2 2 153 Nature 1 1 1 1 2 2 272 Physics 2 3 164 Chemistry 3 96 685 Biology 2/3 2 153 Physical Education 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 544 200 744 Music 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 408 100 508 Fine Art 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 408 100 508 Manual Work 1 1 1 1 136 Work Skills 2 2 2 200 336 Weekly Class Hours 21 22 24 25 25 25 29 29 25 4,828 2,772 7,600 Morning Meeting 10 minutes per day Team Activities 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 204 100 304 Physical Exercise 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 578 200 778 Scientific and Cultural Activities Weekly Activity Hours 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 782 300 1,082 Local Courses 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 5 544 166 704 Total Weekly Hours 27 28 30 30 30 30 33 33 33 5,950 3,300 9,250 Total designing and offering local courses, briefing the Ministry of Education about the adjustments. The authorities then implement the adjusted curriculum across the province. Due to limited resources, some primary schools in rural areas have difficulty adhering to the national curriculum. They may reduce the number of courses offered to four (Chinese, mathematics, ideology and morality, and Nature) or even two (Chinese and mathematics). general senior secondary education admissions To continue their study in general or academic rather than specialized or vocational routes, junior secondary graduates must pass the entrance examination for general senior secondary schools ( 普通高中入学考试 , or 中考 for short). Designed and administered by provincial educational authorities, this examination includes the same subjects as the junior secondary graduation examination:
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GUIDE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION FROM CHINA .13 • Chinese • mathematics • foreign language • politics (open-book) • physics • chemistry Currently about one-third of junior secondary graduates go on to attend general senior secondary schools. The majority of senior secondary teachers (75 per cent in 2003) have qualifications at or above the benke level, the minimum requirement set by the Teachers Law. Since 2004, in about 30 cities, counties and districts assigned by the Ministry of Education to carry out a curriculum reform initiative, authorities have abolished the senior secondary entrance examination. The results of junior secondary graduation examination and a comprehensive appraisal determine admissions. It is unknown whether the reform will extend to the rest of the country. senior secondary unified graduation examination In 1990 the State Education Commission introduced the General Senior Secondary Unified Graduation Examination ( 普通高中毕业会考 ) and implemented it across the country over the next two years. The idea was to separate examination for graduation from examination for further education (the NCEE). By passing the unified graduation examination, students demonstrate they have fulfilled the requirements of all compulsory courses according to the national syllabuses. Students must meet additional political–ideological and social practice requirements and physical education standards in order to receive the certificate of graduation from senior secondary school. Students do not complete the examination in one sitting but at the conclusion of each subject, so that Chinese, mathematics and foreign language are taken in the third year, whereas history and geography are taken in the first or second year. For the major subjects, the examination papers are marked in percentage grades (0–100) and reported in either the original grades or the four-level scale (A, B, C, D). Other subjects (physics experiment, chemistry experiment, biology experiment, physical education and so on) are usually reported in either pass or fail. Examination guidelines vary from province to province. Table 11 (see next page) outlines the examination guidelines applied in Beijing since 2001. In recent years, some people have advocated abolishing the provincial unified graduation examination and granting the administration of graduation examinations to individual schools. In some provinces, key schools may be granted exemption from the unified examination. In March 2000 the Ministry of Education announced that the provinces could decide whether to continue or abolish the unified graduation examination. Since then the examination has been abolished—either completely or partially—in a few provinces, including Shanghai, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and Shandong. Designed and administered by the provincial educational authorities (and therefore known as the “provincial exam”), the examination includes nine major subjects: • Chinese • mathematics • foreign language • ideology and politics • physics • chemistry • biology • history • geography Since 2003 a tenth subject—information technology—has been added.
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