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E-type Vowels<br />

a, ı, o, u → a<br />

e, i, ö, ü → e<br />

I-type Vowels<br />

a, ı → ı o, u → u<br />

e, i → i ö, ü → ü<br />

Fıstıkçı Şahap<br />

d → t<br />

c → ç<br />

Consonant Changes<br />

ç → c t → d<br />

p → b k → g / ğ<br />

Present continous tense<br />

This tense is mainly used for talking about what is happening now. In English, the verb<br />

would be changed by adding the suffix –ing, and using it in conjunction with the correct<br />

form of the verb “to be”.<br />

For example, the verb to go is changed as follows:<br />

I am going<br />

you are going<br />

he/she/it is going<br />

we are going<br />

you are going<br />

they are going<br />

In Turkish, the suffix used to convey the meaning of something happening now is the –iyor<br />

suffix. This suffix follows the i-type vowel harmony, so there will be four variations. Just<br />

as in English, this will be used in conjunction with the “to be” endings.<br />

In order to use the present tense,<br />

1. take off the –mek ending from the verb<br />

2. put the –iyor ending onto the verb stem<br />

3. put the correct “to be” ending at the end<br />

Örnek<br />

gelmek to come<br />

gelmek gel gel + iyor geliyor + um geliyorum I am coming<br />

ben<br />

gel – iyor – um<br />

geliyorum<br />

I am coming<br />

sen<br />

gel – iyor – sun<br />

geliyorsun<br />

you are coming<br />

o<br />

gel – iyor<br />

geliyor<br />

he/she/it is coming<br />

biz<br />

gel – iyor – uz<br />

geliyoruz<br />

we are coming<br />

siz<br />

gel – iyor – sunuz<br />

geliyorsunuz<br />

you are coming<br />

onlar<br />

gel – iyor – lar<br />

geliyorlar<br />

they are coming<br />

Turkish For Beginners Page 1 Lesson 25


E-type Vowels<br />

a, ı, o, u → a<br />

e, i, ö, ü → e<br />

I-type Vowels<br />

a, ı → ı o, u → u<br />

e, i → i ö, ü → ü<br />

Fıstıkçı Şahap<br />

d → t<br />

c → ç<br />

Consonant Changes<br />

ç → c t → d<br />

p → b k → g / ğ<br />

Örnekler<br />

oturmak to sit oturuyorum I am sitting<br />

içmek to drink içiyorum I am drinking<br />

bakmak to look bakıyorum I am looking<br />

öpmek to kiss öpüyorum I am kissing<br />

If there is a vowel at the end of the verb stem, creating a vowel clash with –iyor, then the<br />

vowel at the end of the verb stem is removed.<br />

başlamak to start başla + iyor başlıyor + um başlıyorum I am starting<br />

yemek to eat ye + iyor yiyor + um yiyorum I am eating<br />

uyumak to sleep uyu + iyor uyuyor+ um uyuyorum I am sleeping<br />

Other uses<br />

This tense can be used in several ways as well as to explain what is happening right now.<br />

It can be used for the following purposes:<br />

1. To say what is happenning now.<br />

kitap okuyorum<br />

I am reading a book<br />

2. Stating an unchanging fact.<br />

sigara kullanmıyorum<br />

I don’t smoke<br />

3. Describing something that happens often<br />

her gün plaja gidiyorum<br />

I go to the beach every day<br />

4. Describing something that will happen soon<br />

bu akşam sinemaya gidiyorum<br />

I am going to the cinema this evening<br />

Turkish For Beginners Page 2 Lesson 25


E-type Vowels<br />

a, ı, o, u → a<br />

e, i, ö, ü → e<br />

Alıştırmalar<br />

I-type Vowels<br />

a, ı → ı o, u → u<br />

e, i → i ö, ü → ü<br />

Fıstıkçı Şahap<br />

d → t<br />

c → ç<br />

Use the three words given to make up three sentences, as in the example.<br />

Use the first word with “to be” endings to say what you are.<br />

Use the second word with the possessive ending to say what you have got.<br />

Use the third word with the location suffix to say where you work.<br />

Translate each sentence.<br />

denizci / gemi / deniz<br />

Ben denizciyim. Gemim var. Denizde çalışıyorum.<br />

I am a sailor. I have a ship. I work at sea.<br />

1. şoför / araba / İstanbul<br />

Consonant Changes<br />

ç → c t → d<br />

p → b k → g / ğ<br />

2. bankacı / para / banka<br />

3. doktor / hastalar / hastane<br />

4. öğretmen / öğrenciler / okul<br />

5. polis / tabanca / karakol<br />

6. bakkal / bakkal / bakkal<br />

7. aşçı / lokanta / mutfak<br />

8. garson / tepsi / lokanta<br />

9. asker / silah / ordu<br />

10. çiftci / hayvanlar / çiftlik<br />

Turkish For Beginners Page 3 Lesson 25


E-type Vowels<br />

a, ı, o, u → a<br />

e, i, ö, ü → e<br />

I-type Vowels<br />

a, ı → ı o, u → u<br />

e, i → i ö, ü → ü<br />

Fıstıkçı Şahap<br />

d → t<br />

c → ç<br />

Consonant Changes<br />

ç → c t → d<br />

p → b k → g / ğ<br />

Negative sentences<br />

We have already seen how to negate a verb when we looked at the command form. To<br />

tell someone not to do something, the suffix –me was added to the verb stem.<br />

gelme<br />

don’t come!<br />

When you want to say something is not happenning, the same suffix is used. So in order<br />

to change the above command to present continous tense –iyor needs to be added to the<br />

end.<br />

gelme + iyor + um<br />

But there is a vowel clash! In order to deal with this type of vowel clash, the “e” is removed<br />

from the –me. So that the word becomes<br />

gelme + iyor + um gelmiyorum I am not coming<br />

ben<br />

gel – m – iyor – um<br />

gelmiyorum<br />

I am not coming<br />

sen<br />

gel – m – iyor – sun<br />

gelmiyorsun<br />

you are not coming<br />

o<br />

gel – m – iyor<br />

gelmiyor<br />

he/she/it is not coming<br />

biz<br />

gel – m – iyor – uz<br />

gelmiyoruz<br />

we are not coming<br />

siz<br />

gel – m – iyor – sunuz<br />

gelmiyorsunuz<br />

you are not coming<br />

onlar<br />

gel – m – iyor – lar<br />

gelmiyorlar<br />

they are not coming<br />

Örnekler<br />

oturmak oturmuyorum I am not sitting<br />

içmek içmiyorum I am not drinking<br />

bakmak bakmıyorum I am not looking<br />

öpmek öpmüyorum I am not kissing<br />

Turkish For Beginners Page 4 Lesson 25


E-type Vowels<br />

a, ı, o, u → a<br />

e, i, ö, ü → e<br />

I-type Vowels<br />

a, ı → ı o, u → u<br />

e, i → i ö, ü → ü<br />

Fıstıkçı Şahap<br />

d → t<br />

c → ç<br />

Consonant Changes<br />

ç → c t → d<br />

p → b k → g / ğ<br />

Alıştırmalar<br />

Change the positive sentences into negative sentences. Then translate both sentences.<br />

Örnek<br />

Positive: oturuyorum I am sitting<br />

Negative: oturmuyorum<br />

I am not sitting<br />

1. Positive: geliyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

2. Positive: satıyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

3. Positive: sürüyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

4. Positive: yazıyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

5. Positive: alıyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

6. Positive: koşuyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

7. Positive: bakıyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

8. Positive: veriyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

9. Positive: gidiyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

10. Positive: gülüyorum<br />

Negative:<br />

Turkish For Beginners Page 5 Lesson 25


E-type Vowels<br />

a, ı, o, u → a<br />

e, i, ö, ü → e<br />

I-type Vowels<br />

a, ı → ı o, u → u<br />

e, i → i ö, ü → ü<br />

Fıstıkçı Şahap<br />

d → t<br />

c → ç<br />

Consonant Changes<br />

ç → c t → d<br />

p → b k → g / ğ<br />

Alıştırmalar<br />

Complete the postcard by using the verbs in the present tense form. Change the verbs to<br />

present tense positive statement first, then put them in the correct gaps.<br />

What does the postcard say<br />

geçmek<br />

gitmek<br />

içmek<br />

istemek<br />

oturmak<br />

yazmak<br />

to pass<br />

to go<br />

to drink<br />

to want<br />

to sit<br />

to write<br />

Sevgili Duygu,<br />

Sana İstanbul’dan . Şimdi Boğaz’da bir lokantada ve<br />

kahve . Deniz, manzara ve hava çok güzel. Tatil güzel .<br />

Yarın İzmir’e<br />

. Orada bir hafta kalmak istiyorum. Efes’e de gitmek<br />

.<br />

Sevgilerle,<br />

Hakan<br />

Turkish For Beginners Page 6 Lesson 25

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