Math Vocabulary List

Terms Introduced in the 

Grades K–4 Glossary: 

acute 

addend 

angle 

associative property of addition 

associative property of multiplication 

average 

axes 

bar graph 

capacity 

cardinal number 

central tendency 

circle 

circumference 

common denominator 

common multiple 

commutative property of addition 

commutative property of multiplication 

cone 

congruent figures 

cylinder 

data 

denominator 

difference 

discrete 

dividend 

divisible 

divisor 

edge 

equation 

equilateral 

estimate 

even number 

expanded form 

face 

fact 

factor 

figure 

flip 

fraction 

fraction families 

grid 

hexagon 

horizontal 

identity property of addition 

identity property of multiplication 

inequality 

integer 

intersecting lines 

isosceles triangle 

line 

line graph 

line of symmetry 

mean 

measure of central tendency 

median 

mixed number 

mode 

multiple 

nonstandard units of measure 

number line 

number sentence 

numerator 

obtuse 

octagon 

odd number 

operation 

ordered pair 

ordinal number 

parallel lines 

parallelogram 

pattern 

pentagon 

perimeter 

perpendicular lines 

point 

polygon 

polyhedron 

probability 

product 

pyramid 

quadrilateral 

quotient 

ray 

rectangle 

reflection 

regular polygon 

Copyright © 1999 State of Washington. Superintendent of Public Instruction. All rights reserved. 29

emainder 

rhombus 

right angle 

right triangle 

rotation 

sample 

scalene 

side 

similar figures 

slide 

solid 

sphere 

square 

standard form 

standard units of measure 

sum 

survey 

symmetrical 

transformation 

translation 

trapezoid 

trend 

triangle 

turn 

variable 

vertex 

vertical 

volume 

whole number 

word form 


Terms Introduced in the 

Grades 5–7 Glossary: 

analyze 

approximate 

argument 

chart 

combination 

compare 

conclude 

conjecture 

contrast 

cube 

diagram 

distributive property of multiplication 

over addition 

equivalent fractions 

evaluate 

evidence 

exponent 

expression 

function machine 

gram 

graph 

greatest common factor 

improper fraction 

infer 

interpret 

investigate 

irrational number 

justify 

least common multiple 

liter 

meter 

method 

metric prefixes 

order of operations 

outlier 

percent 

place value 

population 

precision 

predict 

prime number 

prism 

proportion 

random sample 

ratio 

rational number 

real number 

reasonable 

represent 

revise 

rule 

sample space 

sequence 

simplest form 

solution 

solve 

stem-and-leaf plot 

strategy 

symbol 

table 

t-chart 

three-dimensional figure 

two-dimensional figure 

unknown 

validate 

verify 

zero property of addition 

zero property of multiplication 


A Framework for Achieving the Essential Academic Learning 

Requirements in Mathematics Grades 5–7 Glossary 

acute 

addend 

see angle and triangle 

any number that is added 

addend + addend = sum 

analyze 

angle 

to break up a whole into its parts; to examine in detail so as to determine the 

nature of 

two rays that share an endpoint; named according to the number of degrees of 

its measure 

acute angle 

(greater than 0° 

but less than 90°) 

right angle 

(equal to 90°) 

obtuse angle 

(greater than 90° 

but less than 180°) 

straight angle 

(equal to 180°) 

approximate 

argument 

associative property 

of addition 

to obtain a number close to an exact amount 

a reason or reasons offered for or against something; suggests the use of logic and 

facts to support or refute a point 

the sum stays the same when the grouping of addends is changed 

Example: (a b) c a (b c) 

(30 4) 20 30 (4 20) 

associative property 

of multiplication 

the product stays the same when the grouping of factors is changed 

Example: (a b) c a (b c) 

(2 3) 4 2 (3 4) 

average 

a measure of central tendency; a number somewhere in the middle of data ordered 

from least to greatest, or a number with a lot of data clustered around it. There are 

three types of averages: mean, median, and mode. 


axes 

perpendicular lines used as reference lines in a coordinate system or graph; the 

horizontal line is the x-axis; the vertical line is the y-axis 

y 

3 

2 

1 

-3 -2 -1 

-1 

0 1 2 3 

-2 

-3 

x 

bar graph 

a graph that uses the length of solid bars to represent numbers and compare data 

Favorite Dog Breed Survey 

12 

Number of Votes 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

Cocker 

Spaniel 

Collie 

German 

Shepherd 

Golden 

Retriever 

Poodle 

Doberman 

Chihuahua 

None 

Breed of Dog 

capacity 

cardinal number 

the volume of material or liquid that can be poured into a container 

a number that designates the “manyness” of a set of objects, or the number of 

units in the set; answers the question “How many…” 

Example: 34 and 50,098 

Copyright © 1998 1999 State of Washington. Superintendent of Public Instruction. All rights reserved. 33

central tendency 

a single number that describes all the numbers in a set 

Example: For the set of numbers 95, 86, 82, and 83, the mean is 89. 

chart 

circle 

a method of displaying information in the form of graphs or tables 

a set of points in a plane that are all the same distance from the center point 

p 

circumference 

the boundary line, or perimeter, of a circle; also, the length of the perimeter of a circle 

circumference 

combination 

common denominator 

a group of objects, numbers, or events; changing the order does not create a new 

combination (1, 2, 3 is the same combination as 3, 1, 2) 

a number divisible by all of the denominators being considered; also known as a 

common multiple of the denominators 

Example: 1 2 1 3 

Multiples of 2 {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,…} 

Multiples of 3 {0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,…} 

Multiples common to both sets, other than zero, include 6 and 12. (There are 

infinite numbers of common multiples as the sets continue, i.e., 18, 24, 36, etc.) 

Any of these numbers can be used as common denominators for the two fractions. 

6 

2 

4 

2 

5 6 1 0 

1 

2 

1 2 3 6 OR 1 2 1 

1 3 2 6 1 3 1 


common multiple 

a number that is a multiple of each of two or more numbers; used to find a common 

denominator when operating with fractions having unlike denominators 

Example: 24 is a common multiple of 2, 3, and 8 

commutative property 

of addition 

it makes no difference in which order two numbers are added (the commutative 

property does not apply to subtraction) 

Example: 

a b b a 

4 50 50 4 

commutative property 


it makes no difference in which order two numbers are multiplied (the commutative 

property does not apply to division) 

Example: 

a b b a 

3 5 5 3 

compare 

conclude 

cone 

to look for similarities and/or differences 

to make a judgment or decision after investigating or reasoning; to infer 

a three-dimensional figure with one circular or elliptical base and a curved surface 

that joins the base to the vertex 

cones 

vertex 

vertex 

congruent figures 

figures that have the same shape and size 

congruent triangles 

conjecture 

contrast 

cube 

inference or judgment based on inconclusive or incomplete evidence; guesswork 

to emphasize differences 

a rectangular prism having six congruent square faces 


cylinder 

a solid figure with two circular or elliptical bases that are congruent and parallel 

to each other 

data 

denominator 

diagram 

difference 

discrete 

collected pieces of information 

the number below the fraction bar; indicates the number of equivalent pieces into 

which something is divided 

a drawing that represents a mathematical situation 

the number found when subtracting one number from another; the result of 

a subtraction operation; the amount by which a quantity is more or less 

than another number 

composed of distinct parts or discontinuous elements; a set of numbers, or points, 

that has no limit points 

Example: 

discrete — taking coins out of your pocket one at a time; 

non-discrete (or continuous) — pouring water from one container to 

another container 

distributive a property of real numbers stating that a (b c) (a b) (a c) 

property of 

where a, b, and c stand for any real numbers 

multiplication 

over addition Example: 3 (40 5) (3 40) (3 5) 

dividend 

a number which is to be divided by another number 

dividend divisor quotient 15 3 5 

quotient 

divisor dividend 

5 

3 15 

divisible 

divisor 

a whole number is divisible by another whole number if the remainder equals zero 

when you divide 

the number by which the dividend is to be divided; also a factor 

quotient 


dividend 

. 

divisor = quotient 


edge 

the line segment formed by the intersection of two faces of a solid figure; 

a cube has 12 edges 

edge 

edge 

equation 

a number sentence which shows equality between two sets of values 

Example: 4 8 6 6 

equilateral 

equivalent 

fractions 

estimate 

evaluate 

even number 

see triangle 

fractions that name the same number 

9 

Example: 3 4 and 6 8 and are equivalent fractions 

12 to find an approximate value or measurement of something 

to examine and judge carefully; appraise 

a whole number divisible by two 

Example: 0, 4, 678 

evidence 

expanded form 

models, known facts, patterns, relationships, and counterexamples 

a number written in component parts showing the cumulative place values of 

each digit in the number 

Example: 546 500 40 6 

exponent 

a numeral written above and to the right of another numeral to indicate how many 

times the original number is used as a factor 

Example: The exponent “3” in 4 3 means 4 is a factor 3 times, 4 4 4. 

expression 

a variable or combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that represent a 

mathematical relationship 


face 

a flat surface, or side, of a solid figure 

face 

face 

fact a basic mathematical statement involving numbers and operations; ex. 3 5 = 8, 

10 2 5 

factor 

one of two or more numbers that are multiplied together to obtain a 

product; factor factor product 

Example: 4 3 12, 4 and 3 are factors 

figure 

flip 

fraction 

a closed geometric shape in 2 or 3 dimensions 

the effect of a flip is a reflection; see reflection 

a way of representing part of a whole or part of a group by telling the number of 

equal parts in the whole and the number of those parts you are describing; it is 

written in the form 

numerator 

d 

where the numerator can be any integer and the 

enominator 

denominator can be any integer except zero 

Example: 2 3 , 5 6 

2 

3, 16 

76 

5, 0 

3 

4, 8 1 

fraction families 

fractions having denominators that are multiples of a single number; ex. halves, 

fourths, eighths, and sixteenths; thirds, sixths, and ninths 

5 

Example: 2 4 , 3 8 , have denominators that are multiples of 4 

12 

function 

machine 

applies a function rule to a set of numbers which determines a 

corresponding set of numbers 

Example: 

9 ➞ Input ➞ 

Rule 

x 7 

➞ Output ➞ 63 

If you apply the function rule “multiply by 7” to the values 5, 7, and 9, 

the corresponding values would be: 

5 ➞ 35 

7 ➞ 49 

9 ➞ 63 


gram 

graph 

greatest common 

factor 

grid 

a basic unit in the metric system measuring mass/weight; the mass of 1 cubic 

centimeter of water at 4 degrees Celsius 

a “picture” showing how certain facts are related to each other or how they compare 

to one another 

the largest factor of two or more numbers; often abbreviated as GCF 

Example: to find the greatest common factor of 24 and 36 

factors of 24 {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24} 

factors of 36 {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36} 

common factors of 24 and 36 are {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}, the largest being 12 

12 is the greatest common factor of 24 and 36 

a pattern of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical parallel lines drawn on a map or 

chart with ordered pairs of numbers that can be used to locate points 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 1 2 

3 

(3, 4) 

4 

hexagon 

a six-sided polygon 

regular hexagon 

nonregular hexagons 

horizontal 

identity property 

of addition 

identity property 


improper fraction 

extending side to side, parallel to the horizon 

adding zero to a number gives a sum identical to the given number 

multiplying a number by 1 gives a product identical to the given number 

a fraction in which the numerator is equal to or greater than the denominator 

Example: 1 5 

1 

, 5 5 3 

inequality 

infer 

integer 

two sets of values that are not equal 

to draw a conclusion from facts or evidence 

the counting numbers (1, 2, 3,...), their opposites (-1, -2, -3,...), and zero 


interpret 

intersecting lines 

to explain the meaning of information, facts, and/or observation 

lines that meet at a point 

P 

investigate 

irrational number 

to research using careful observation and examination of the facts; to inquire 

a number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers 

Example: 2 


a triangle with 2 congruent sides; an alternate definition is a triangle with at least 

2 congruent sides (there is no common agreement on a definition of an isosceles 

triangle) 

justify 

least common 

multiple 

to prove or show to be true or valid using logic and/or evidence 

the smallest number, besides zero, that is a multiple of a set of two or more 

numbers; often abbreviated LCM 

Example: to find the least common multiple of 4 and 12 

multiples of 4 {0, 4, 8, 12, 16,…} 

multiples of 12 {0, 12, 24, 36,…} 

The lowest common number besides 0 in both sets is 12, so the LCM of 4 and 

12 is 12. 

line 

a set of points extending infinitely in opposite directions 


line graph 

a graph that uses a line to show that something is increasing, decreasing, or 

staying the same over time 

Amount of Snow Fall 

12 

Inches of Snow 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 

line of symmetry 

a line on which a figure can be folded into two parts that are congruent mirror 

images of each other 

not a line 

of symmetry 

line of 

symmetry 

not a line of 

symmetry 

liter 

mean 

a basic unit of measure in the metric system measuring capacity/volume; one 

cubic decimeter; a little more than a quart; 1000 cubic centimeters 

an average obtained by dividing the sum of the data items by the number of data 

items 

Example: If there are three classes: A 24 children, B 25 children, and 

C 23 children, the classes would be balanced by moving one student from 

class B to class C, thus making each class the same size (24). This number 

would indicate the average class size. Arithmetically, it is obtained by adding all 

data points together and dividing the sum by the number of points 

(24 25 23 72; 72 divided by 3 24). 

measure of central 

tendency 

see average 


median 

the number in the middle of a set of data arranged in order from least to greatest 

or from greatest to least; or the average of the two middle terms if there is an 

even number of terms 

Example: 

For the data: 6, 14, 23, 46, 69, 72, 94 ➜ The median is 46 (the middle number) 

For the data: 6, 14, 23, 69, 72, 94 ➜ The median is also 46 (the average of the 

two middle numbers in the list) 

meter 

method 

metric prefixes 

a unit of linear measure in the metric system, a little more than a yard 

a systematic way of accomplishing a task 

prefixes used to describe the relationship between measures in the metric 

system; the most common prefixes are: 

kilo- hecto- deka- (unit) deci- centi- milli- 

(k) (h) (da) (g,m,l) (d) (c) (m) 

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000 

Example: 2 kg 2 kilograms 2000 grams 

3 cm 3 centimeters .03 m 

mixed number 

a number expressed as the sum of an integer and a fraction 

Example: 6 2 3 

mode 

the number that occurs most frequently in a set of data 

Example: For the set of data {42, 36, 75, 75, 80}, 75 is the mode because it 

occurs most often. For the set of data {25, 45, 25, 55, 45, 65}, 25 and 45 are the 

modes. If no number occurs most often, then the set of data has no mode. 

multiple 

a number that is divisible by a given factor; a multiple of a whole number can be 

found by multiplying it by any whole number other than one 

Example: 56 is a multiple of 7; 0 is a multiple of 34 

nonstandard 

units of measure 

measurement units that are not commonly accepted as standard but are 

applied uniformly when measuring 

Example: paperclips, pencils, cubes 


number line 

a line that shows numbers ordered by magnitude from left to right or bottom to 

top; an arrowhead at each end indicates that the line continues endlessly in both 

directions; points are marked to subdivide the line into intervals that correspond 

to indicated numbers 

-2 -1 0 1 2 

-1 2.7 

number lines 

3 

2 

1 

0 

-1 

-2 

-3 

number sentence 

an expression of a relationship between quantities as an equation or an inequality 

Example: 7 7 8 6 

14 92 

56 4 59 

numerator 

obtuse 

octagon 

the number above the line in a fraction; indicates the number of equivalent parts 

being considered 

see angle and triangle 

an eight-sided polygon 

regular 

octagon 

nonregular 

octagons 

odd number 

a whole number that is not divisible by two 

Example: 53, 701 

operation 

a mathematical process that combines numbers; basic operations of 

arithmetic include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division 


ordered pair 

order of 

operations 

two numbers for which their order is important when used to locate points on a 

coordinate graph; the first element indicates distance along the x-axis 

(horizontal) and the second indicates distance along the y-axis (vertical); 

see illustration for grid 

rules describing the order to use in evaluating numerical expressions: 

the order is parentheses, exponents, multiply/divide, add/subtract 

Example: 7 3 8 31 [multiply 3 8 before adding 7] 

ordinal number 

a number that designates the position of an object in order; first, second, and third 

are examples of ordinal numbers 

Example: Eraser is the SECOND element in the set (pencil, eraser, desk, 

chalkboard, book, file, paper); Z is the TWENTY-SIXTH element in the set 

(a, b, c, d,…, z). 

outlier 

parallel lines 

a number in a set of data that is much larger or smaller than most of the other 

numbers in the set 

lines that lie in the same plane and never intersect 

parallelogram 

a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel 

parallelograms 

pattern 

the arrangement of numbers, pictures, etc. in an organized and predictable way 

Example: 

3, 6, 9, 12, … 

□ △ □ △ □ △ 


pentagon 

a five-sided polygon 

regular 

pentagon 

nonregular 

pentagon 

percent a special ratio that compares a number to 100 using the symbol % 

Example: 40% 1 

4 

 

0 

00 

perimeter 

perpendicular lines 

the distance around the outside of a shape or figure 

lines that lie on the same plane that intersect to form right angles (90 degrees) 

90° 

90° 

place value 

the value of a digit as determined by its place in a number 

Example: In the number 135, the 3 means 3 • 10 or 30; in the number 356, the 3 

means 3 • 100 or 300. 

point 

polygon 

polyhedron 

an exact position in space 

a closed plane figure having three or more straight sides 

a solid figure, the sides of which are polygons 

Example: 

population 

precision 

a group of people, objects, or events that fit a particular description 

an indication of how finely a measurement is made; related to the unit of 

measurement and the calibration of the tool 

1 

Example: Was the measurement made using a ruler marked in increments of 4 " 

1 

or increments of " 

16 


predict 

prime number 

prism 

to tell about or make known in advance, especially on the basis of special 

knowledge or inference; to make an educated guess 

a number having exactly 2 factors (1 and itself); the first five prime numbers are 

2, 3, 5, 7, 11 

a 3-dimensional figure that has 2 congruent and parallel faces that are polygons 

and the remaining faces are parallelograms 

Example: 

probability 

product 

the numerical measure of the chance that a particular event will occur, depending 

on the possible events; the probability of an event is always between 0 and 1, with 

0 meaning that there is no chance of occurrence and 1 meaning a certainty of 

occurrence 

the result of a multiplication expression; factor factor = product 

Example: 3 4 12, 12 is the product 

proportion 

an equation showing that two ratios are equivalent 

Example: 2 3 

6 9 

pyramid 

a solid whose base is a polygon and whose faces are triangles that meet at a 

common point (vertex) 

vertex 

vertex 

pyramids 


quadrilateral 

a four-sided polygon 

square 

rectangle parallelogram trapezoid 

quadrilaterals 

nonregular 

quadrilateral 

rhombus 

quotient 

the result of dividing one number by another number 

quotient 


dividend divisor quotient 

random sample 

ratio 

a sample in which every person, object, or event in the population has the same 

chance of being selected for the sample 

a comparison of two numbers using division 

Example: The ratio of two to five is 2:5 or 2 5 . 

rational number 

ray 

real number 

reasonable 

a number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers 

34 

432 

2 

Example: 34 can be written as , 4.32 can be written as , 3 1 1 

100 

can be 

2 

written as 7 2 

a part of a line that has one end point and extends infinitely in one 

direction 

any rational or irrational number 

within likely bounds; sensible 

Example: A reasonable estimate is close to the actual answer; an answer of 

1 

2 cans is not reasonable, while 2 cans or 3 cans is reasonable. 


ectangle 

a parallelogram with right angles; a square is a special rectangle 

reflection 

a transformation of a figure by reflecting it over a line, creating a mirror image 

of the figure; the effect of a flip is a reflection 

reflection 

reflection 

regular polygon 

a polygon with equal sides and equal angles 

regular polygons 

remainder 

the undivided part that is left after division; it is less than the divisor 

Example: 

5 r 2 

6 32 

30 

2 


epresent 

revise 

rhombus 

to present clearly; describe; show 

to change or modify based on guess and check or on reflection and evaluation 

a parallelogram with all four sides equal in length 

right angle 

an angle whose measure is 90 degrees; see angle and triangle 

90° 

right triangle 

a triangle having one right angle; see angle and triangle 

rotation 

turning a figure around a given point 

A 

B 

rotation 

C 

B' 

A' 


ule 

a procedure; a prescribed method; a way of describing the relationship between 

two sets of numbers 

Example: In the following data, the rule is to add 3. 

Input Output 

3 6 

5 8 

9 12 

sample 

a portion of a population or set used in statistics 

Example: 

All boys under the age of ten constitute a sample of the population 

of all male children. 

sample space 

scalene 

sequence 

side 

a list of all possible outcomes of an activity 

see triangle 

a set of numbers arranged in a special order or pattern 

a line segment connected to other segments to form the boundary of a polygon 

side 

similar figures 

having the same shape but not necessarily the same size (congruent 

corresponding angles and proportional corresponding sides) 

similar triangles 

similar hexagons 


simplest form a fraction with a numerator and denominator having no common factor except 1 

Example: The fraction 

2 

3 

is in simplest form, because the only number that evenly 

divides 2 and 3 is 1; the fraction is NOT in simplest form, because 4 and 10 

both have a factor of 2. 

4 

10 

slide 

solid 

solution 

solve 

sphere 

the effect of a slide is a translation; see translation 

a geometric figure with three dimensions 

result; answer; the process of finding the answer 

to find an answer or solution to a problem 

a closed surface consisting of all points in space that are the same distance from 

a given point (the center) 

ball 

square 

a rectangle with congruent sides 

standard form 

a number written with one digit for each place value 

Example: The standard form for five hundred forty-six is 546. 

The standard form for three thousand six is 3,006. 

standard units 

of measure 

units of measure commonly used, generally classified in the U.S. customary 

system or metric system 

Example: feet, meters, acres, gallons, liters 


stem-and-leaf 

plot 

a method of organizing data from least to greatest using the digits of the greatest 

place value to group data 

Example: 

Ages of Adults at the Park 

Data set Stem Leaves 

23 25 29 29 2 3 5 9 9 

36 38 39 39 3 6 8 9 9 

52 54 55 55 5 2 4 5 5 

Key: 2|3 represents 23 years 

strategy 

sum 

a tool used in problem solving, such as looking for a pattern, drawing a diagram, 

working backward, etc. 

the result of addition 

addend addend sum 

survey 

symbol 

symmetrical 

to get an overview by gathering data 

a character used to represent operations, numbers, or relationships between 

numbers 

having a line, plane, or point of symmetry such that for every point on the figure, 

there is a corresponding point that is the reflection of that point (see line 

of symmetry) 

A 

B 

B' 

C 

C' 

D 

symmetrical 

symmetry 

table 

the property of being balanced about a line, plane, or point 

a method of displaying data in rows and columns 


t-chart 

a table of values; an input-output table 

Example: Input Output 

1 4 

2 5 

3 6 

threedimensional 

figure 

transformation 

translation 

a shape having length, width, and height 

one of three methods for moving a figure without changing its shape or size: 

translations (slides), reflections (flips), and rotations (turns) 

a transformation of a figure by moving it without turning or flipping it in any 

direction; the effect of a slide is a translation 

translation 

trapezoid 

trend 

a quadrilateral that has 2 parallel sides; an alternate definition is a quadrilateral 

with at least 2 parallel sides (there is no common agreement on a definition of a 

trapezoid) 

the general direction or tendency of a set of data 


triangle 

a three-sided polygon 

Triangles Classified Using Angle Sizes 

acute 

triangle 

(all angles acute) 

equiangular 

triangle 

(all angles equal) 

obtuse 

triangle 

(has one obtuse angle) 

right 

triangle 

(has one 90˚ angle) 

Triangles Classified Using Length of Sides 

scalene 

triangle 

(no sides equal) 

equilateral 

triangle 

(all sides equal) 


(two sides equal) 

turn 

twodimensional 

figure 

unknown 

see rotation 

a shape having length and width 

in algebra, the quantity represented by a variable 

Example: In the expression 4 • w 24, the letter w is the unknown. 

validate 

variable 

to substantiate, verify, or confirm 

a quantity or symbol capable of assuming any of a set of values 

Example: 

In the expression b < 100, the variable b can be any number less 

than 100. 

verify 

vertex 

to establish as true by presentation of evidence 

point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle 

Example: 

vertex 


vertical 

volume 

extending straight up and down; perpendicular to the horizon 

the number of cubic units it takes to fill a figure 

whole number any counting number or zero: 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . 

counting numbers 

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …) 

whole numbers 

(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …) 

integers 

(…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …) 

rational numbers (fractions) 

1 3 8 

such as 2, 7, …1, … 

word form 

the expression of a number in words; reading the symbols 

Example: 546 is “five hundred forty-six” 

< symbol meaning “is less than” 

> symbol meaning “is greater than” 

= symbol meaning “equals” or “is equal to” 

zero property 

of addition 

adding zero to a number gives a sum identical to the original number; 

zero is the identity element of addition (see identity property) 

Example: 4 0 4 56.89 0 56.89 

zero property 


the product of any number and zero is zero 

Example: 4 0 0 0 456.7 0

Math Vocabulary List

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