Edward Hodgson - NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts
Edward Hodgson - NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts
Edward Hodgson - NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts
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A Chameleon Suit to Liberate<br />
Human Exploration of Space<br />
Environments<br />
Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong><br />
HSSSI<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 1
Introduction<br />
• “To boldly go ……<br />
– We’ve found that you need a spacesuit<br />
– Vacuum, radiation, extreme heat and<br />
cold, micrometeoroids<br />
– This sure isn’t Kansas … So…<br />
• “Working in their<br />
bulky spacesuits …<br />
– But does it have to be<br />
this way <strong>for</strong>ever<br />
– We think not!<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 2
Overview<br />
• Study Foundations<br />
• The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study<br />
• The Phase II Study Concept<br />
• The Emergence of Enabling Technologies<br />
• The Study Plan<br />
• Where It All Leads<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 3
Extravehicular Activity (EVA)<br />
Systems Development History<br />
Life Support<br />
- Oxygen supply<br />
-CO 2 removal<br />
-Humidity<br />
- Waste heat<br />
- Trace contaminants<br />
- Pressure control<br />
- Gas circulation<br />
In<strong>for</strong>mation Systems<br />
Pressure Suit (Isolation)<br />
- Insulation<br />
- Pressure barrier<br />
- MMOD<br />
- Radiation<br />
• The base paradigm –<br />
“Protecting the human from a<br />
hostile environment”<br />
• Subsystem architecture<br />
– Protective pressure suit<br />
– Life support<br />
– Communication &<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 4
Human Systems In Every-Day Life<br />
• Environmentally adaptive & connected<br />
– Multi-tiered control<br />
– Broad tolerance<br />
• Functionally integrated<br />
– Multi-purpose systems<br />
– Distributed functions<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Insulation Factor(CLO)<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 5<br />
From: NASA STD 3000
The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study<br />
• Testing a new space-suit paradigm:<br />
– Working with the environment<br />
– Integration of life support and pressure<br />
garment<br />
Sun Heated<br />
Surfaces Insulated<br />
Metabolic Heat Rejected Through<br />
Transmissive Surfaces With Low<br />
Sink Temperature<br />
• Focus on thermal management<br />
• Applying emerging<br />
technologies<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 6
The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study<br />
•According to environmental<br />
conditions<br />
• Vary conduction - active<br />
polymers control layer<br />
spacing<br />
• Vary layer emissivity<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 7
The Phase II Study Concept<br />
Active Heat Transport<br />
Selective Mass<br />
Transport<br />
Energy Harvesting CO 2<br />
H 2 O<br />
O 2<br />
Oxygen Recovery<br />
Active Suit Fit<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 8
Active Heat Transport Technology<br />
• Micro-machines<br />
• Thermoelectrics<br />
• Recent breakthroughs in<br />
per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
• Flexible thermoelectric<br />
polymers<br />
• Distributed thin-film<br />
modules<br />
Progress of Thermoelectic Improvements<br />
Figure of Merit, ZT<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Polymer state of the art<br />
Conventional material<br />
state of the art<br />
Commercially available material<br />
0<br />
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010<br />
Year<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 9
Active Suit Fit Technology<br />
• Personal & variable fitting<br />
• Mechanical Counter<br />
Pressure (MCP) increases<br />
mobility & flexibility<br />
–SMA mesh<br />
– Smart gels<br />
• Joints<br />
– Unidirectional Stretch Fabric<br />
• Active mobility support<br />
Active<br />
Fit Mat’ls<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 10
Selective Mass Transport Technology<br />
CO 2 /N 2 selectivity<br />
7000<br />
6000<br />
5000<br />
4000<br />
3000<br />
2000<br />
1000<br />
sodium<br />
carbonate<br />
Sodium<br />
glycinate<br />
Per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
goal<br />
• Separate CO 2 , H 2 O from<br />
O 2 with minimal O 2 loss<br />
• Facilitated transport of<br />
CO 2 through chemical<br />
reaction<br />
• Facilitators immobilized in<br />
membrane<br />
0<br />
0.1 1 10 100 1000<br />
CO 2 permeance x10 -5 (scm 3 /cm 2 /sec/cmHg)<br />
CO 2<br />
H O 2 O<br />
2<br />
O 2<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 11
Energy Harvesting<br />
Power<br />
(watts)<br />
Ideal Power Recovery Potential From Metabolic Waste Heat<br />
With Radiation To Various Heat Sinks<br />
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
28<br />
Tsink (K)<br />
89<br />
167<br />
194<br />
469<br />
352<br />
222 234<br />
117<br />
Met. Rate<br />
(Watts)<br />
Power<br />
(Watts)<br />
120-140<br />
100-120<br />
80-100<br />
60-80<br />
40-60<br />
20-40<br />
0-20<br />
• Incident Sunlight<br />
– Increased solar cell<br />
efficiency<br />
– Thin, flexible solar arrays<br />
• Waste Metabolic Heat<br />
– Lower radiating<br />
temperatures<br />
– Thermoelectric heat pumps<br />
• Reduce battery size<br />
• Local storage eliminates<br />
need <strong>for</strong> power<br />
distribution<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 12
Oxygen Recovery – Artificial<br />
Photosynthesis<br />
PS II<br />
light<br />
chlorophyll<br />
H +<br />
light<br />
sugars<br />
NADPH<br />
NADP<br />
e - e - e -<br />
Water O 2<br />
+H + H + PS I<br />
Carbon fixation<br />
chlorophyll<br />
ADP<br />
CO 2<br />
ATP<br />
ATPase<br />
H +<br />
thylakoid<br />
membrane<br />
http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html<br />
• Trans<strong>for</strong>m CO 2 , H 2 O back<br />
into O 2 and fuel<br />
• Thermo-chemical reactions,<br />
electrochemical reactions,<br />
catalysis<br />
• Interest from environmental,<br />
biochemistry, medical<br />
fields<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 13
The Emergence of Enabling<br />
Technologies<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong><br />
Materials<br />
Technologies<br />
Bio-mimetic<br />
Technologies<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> In<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
Technologies<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 14
<strong>Advanced</strong> Materials Technology<br />
Molecular Design<br />
Capabilities<br />
Thermal<br />
Optical<br />
Nano-assembly<br />
Capabilities<br />
Engineered<br />
Polymers /<br />
Nano-composites<br />
Functional<br />
Materials<br />
Chemical<br />
CO 2<br />
H O 2 O<br />
2<br />
O 2<br />
Mechanical<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 15
<strong>Advanced</strong> In<strong>for</strong>mation Technologies<br />
CAD / CASE<br />
Tools<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong><br />
Manufacture<br />
Reducing<br />
Scale<br />
Connectivity/<br />
Networking<br />
Technologies<br />
Smaller,<br />
Faster,<br />
Cheaper,<br />
Systems<br />
Integrated<br />
Intelligence<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong><br />
Integration<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong>,<br />
Electrically Active<br />
Materials<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 16
Bio-Mimetic Technologies<br />
Learning from nature<br />
Understanding biological<br />
materials and processes<br />
Biologically<br />
inspired designs<br />
and approaches<br />
Self<br />
assembling<br />
systems<br />
Biocatalysts<br />
Engineered<br />
Bio-mimetic<br />
Designs<br />
Biomembranes<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong><br />
Materials<br />
Toolbox<br />
Artificial<br />
Muscles<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 17
The Study Plan – What We Are<br />
Doing About It<br />
• Technology exploration<br />
• System concept development<br />
• System concept characterization<br />
– Prioritization and selection<br />
• NASA coordination<br />
• Technology needs and potential assessment<br />
• Roadmap definition<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 18
The Study Plan<br />
System Evolution Perspective<br />
Chameleon Suit Concept Evolution Roadmap<br />
Concept<br />
Evolution<br />
Enabling<br />
Technologies<br />
Research Needs & Directions<br />
2010 2040<br />
No-Expendables<br />
Heat Rejection<br />
Smart<br />
Polymers<br />
MEMS<br />
Wearable<br />
Electronics<br />
Active Polymer<br />
Space<br />
Environment<br />
Tolerance<br />
High<br />
Per<strong>for</strong>mance IR<br />
Electro-chromics<br />
Fabric - MEMS<br />
Integration<br />
Large Scale<br />
Integrated<br />
Heat Pump<br />
Polymeric<br />
Thermo-Electrics<br />
Microturbines /<br />
Micro-channel HX<br />
Self -Fitting<br />
Pressure Suit<br />
High Force<br />
Active Polymer<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong><br />
Joint Designs<br />
Integrated<br />
CO 2<br />
& H 2<br />
O<br />
Management<br />
Chemical<br />
Transport Smart<br />
Polymers -<br />
Selective<br />
Membranes<br />
Energy<br />
Generation<br />
& Capture<br />
Polymer Photo- &<br />
Thermo-Electrics<br />
O 2<br />
Regeneration<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> Energy<br />
Storage<br />
Biomimetic Technologies<br />
Artificial Photosynthesis<br />
Chameleon Wearables Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 19<br />
Integration<br />
Flexible, Light<br />
Weight,<br />
Thermo-electric<br />
Heat Pump<br />
Efficient<br />
Integrated<br />
Micro-Fluid<br />
Systems<br />
Electro-Active<br />
Polymer<br />
Molecular<br />
Design<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong><br />
Structural Design<br />
and Modeling<br />
Controlled<br />
Anisotropic<br />
Materials<br />
Chemically Enhanced<br />
Transport Membranes<br />
Transport<br />
Control<br />
Mechanisms<br />
Integration With<br />
Active Polymers<br />
High Efficiency Photo Conversion<br />
Extended Life Metastable<br />
States<br />
Enhanced Charge Transfer<br />
Broad Spectrum Photo-Energy<br />
Capture<br />
High Efficiency Thermal Energy<br />
Conversion<br />
Low Energy Cost Reactions<br />
Oxygen Recovery<br />
Carbon Fixation
Where It All Leads<br />
Chameleon Suit, Ed <strong>Hodgson</strong> 20
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