An Introduction to Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry What are ...
An Introduction to Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry What are ...
An Introduction to Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry What are ...
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Thiols and Am<strong>in</strong>es<br />
CH 3<br />
H<br />
H 3C C<br />
OH<br />
CH 3<br />
H<br />
H 3C C CH 3<br />
SH<br />
H<br />
H 3C C<br />
NH 2<br />
OH<br />
alcohols<br />
SH<br />
thiols<br />
CH 3<br />
N<br />
am<strong>in</strong>es<br />
CH 3<br />
Ethers<br />
• The ether functional group is described as<br />
an sp 3 oxygen a<strong>to</strong>m bonded <strong>to</strong> two carbon<br />
a<strong>to</strong>ms, and may be symbolized as R-O-R'.<br />
• R and R' may be the same groups or<br />
different.<br />
CH 3 CH 2 O CH 2 CH CH O<br />
3 3<br />
CH 3<br />
C<br />
CH 3<br />
CH 3<br />
O<br />
Carbonyl-Conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>Functional</strong><br />
<strong>Groups</strong><br />
• A carbonyl group is made up of a carbon a<strong>to</strong>m<br />
double bonded <strong>to</strong> an oxygen a<strong>to</strong>m. The carbon<br />
a<strong>to</strong>m is not bonded <strong>to</strong> any other heteroa<strong>to</strong>m.<br />
O<br />
C<br />
the carbonyl group<br />
• We will not consider the carbonyl group <strong>to</strong> be a<br />
functional group <strong>in</strong>-and-of itself; rather, it is the<br />
essential portion of two functional groups:<br />
aldehydes and ke<strong>to</strong>nes.<br />
Ke<strong>to</strong>nes<br />
• The ke<strong>to</strong>ne functional group conta<strong>in</strong>s a carbonyl<br />
group, with the carbon of that group bonded <strong>to</strong><br />
two other carbon a<strong>to</strong>ms.<br />
• R and R' may or may not be the same.<br />
R<br />
O<br />
C<br />
R'<br />
a ke<strong>to</strong>ne<br />
4
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