Finding Aid - Peabody Essex Museum

BENJAMIN CROWNINSHIELD (1758-1836) 

FAMILY PAPERS, 1727-1934, undated 

MH 16 Processed by: Robert P. Spindler 

December 1987 

Halley Grogan 

December 2012 

Volume: 

11 boxes, 1 oversize folder 

8.0 linear feet 

Provenance: 

Conservation: 

Copyright: 

Processing: 

The Prudent (Ship) ledger and day book were the gift of William C. Endicott in 

November 1918. The Custom House certificates were acquired from E. B. 

Rushford in 1963. Additional Crowninshield family papers, along with the related 

family papers, were donated by Dr. Reinier Beeuwkes on September 20, 2011 

(acc. 2011.041) and October 20, 2011 (acc. 2011.052). Business papers of 

Benjamin Crowninshield and Hannah Crowninshield were removed from MSS 

0.37 and incorporated into this collection. Estate papers and correspondence from 

Hannah Crowninshield were removed from MSS 4 and incorporated into this 

collection. A logbook for USS St. Mary’s was removed from this collection and 

has been added to the logbook collection. 

The material was placed in acid-free folders. 

Requests for permission to publish material from the collection must be submitted 

in writing to the Manuscript Librarian in the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex 

Museum. 

Processing of this collection was funded by a grant from the NHPRC (National 

Historical Publications and Records Commission). 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 

Benjamin Crowninshield (1758-1836) was born in Salem, Massachusetts, on February 15, 

1758 to Jacob Crowninshield (1732-1774) and Hannah Carlton Crowninshield (1734-1824). Known 

as “Sailor Ben,” he served as midshipman on a British man-of-war at the outbreak of the 

©2012, Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum Page 1

MH 16 Benjamin Crowninshield Family Papers 

Revolutionary War. With the captain’s permission he left the ship and joined the American militia, 

only to be wounded at Bunker Hill. He then began a successful career as a ship master and merchant, 

commanding a number of Crowninshield family vessels including the ships America, Belisarius, and 

Prudent. In 1817, his cousin George Crowninshield asked him to command the yacht Cleopatra’s 

Barge on a pleasure voyage to Europe. He then served as Collector of Customs for the 

Marblehead/Lynn, Massachusetts district from 1821-1830. Crowninshield was a member of the 

Essex Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Salem, joined the Salem Marine Society in 1794, and 

became a member of the East India Marine Society in 1799. He married Mary Lambert (1760-1851) 

on November 9, 1780 and they had five children: Benjamin (1782-1864); Maria (1789-1870); 

Hannah (1789-1834); Elizabeth (1794-1870); and Jacob (1799-1849). Benjamin Crowninshield died 

in 1836. 

Benjamin Crowninshield (1782-1864) was born in 1782 to Benjamin Crowninshield (1758- 

1836) and Mary Lambert Crowninshield (1760-1851). He attended school in Cambridge, 

Massachusetts, and later transferred to the College of William and Mary in Virginia. Known as 

“Philosopher Ben,” he accompanied his father on the voyage of Cleopatra’s Barge and kept a 

detailed journal of the trip. From 1816-1822, with the exception of his voyage in 1817, he 

represented his brother-in-law John Crowninshield’s interests in New Orleans. He died unmarried in 

1864. 

Hannah Crowninshield Armstrong (1789-1834) was born on June 28, 1789 to Benjamin 

Crowninshield (1758-1836) and Mary Lambert Crowninshield (1760-1851). She was a talented 

portrait painter and artist. On March 29, 1819, she married James Armstrong (1794-1868) in the 

Crowninshield house in Salem, Massachusetts where the Reverend William Bentley resided. She 

died on May 4, 1834 at age 45. Armstrong later married Elizabeth Crowninshield (1794-1870) in 

1836. 

Jacob Crowninshield (1799-1849) was born on March 10, 1799 to Benjamin Crowninshield 

(1758-1836) and Mary Lambert Crowninshield (1760-1851). Jacob joined the United States Navy at 

age fourteen, moving up the ranks from midshipman to lieutenant to Inspector of Provisions in 1843. 

The highest rank he achieved was that of captain. On June 9, 1825, he married Harriet Wallach 

(1802-1885) and they had six children: Mary R. (1831-1916); William Wallach (1833-1874); 

Benjamin Carlton (1835-1875); Harriet Wallach (b. 1840); Daisey B. (b. 1842); and Jacob (b. 1843). 

In 1848 Jacob was ordered to command the USS St. Mary’s of the Pacific Squadron. He was 

detached from that command in 1849 and died at sea on July 9, 1849, while returning from duty 

aboard the Pacific Mail Steamer Oregon. 

Mary R. Crowninshield (1831-1916) was born in Danvers, Massachusetts on April 8, 1831 

to Jacob Crowninshield (1799-1849) and Harriet Wallach Crowninshield (1802-1885). She grew up 

surrounded by relatives and friends who were a part of the United States Navy, Army, and 

government. She herself volunteered with the United States Sanitary Commission, a precursor of the 

Red Cross, during the Civil War. She lived in the Crowninshield home in Boston, at the corner of 

Chestnut and Mount Vernon Streets, only a block away from the Navy Yard. In her later years she 

traveled to different countries with her various relatives. She died on June 4, 1916 in Cienfuegos, 

Cuba, at the house of her nephew, Richard Milne Bartleman, Jr., United States Consul. 

William Wallach Crowninshield (1833-1874) was born on April 4, 1833. He joined the 

United States Navy at age eighteen and rose to the rank of Acting Volunteer Lieutenant. During the 

Civil War he was in Confederate custody. By 1865, he was Acting Master in the United States Navy 

and one of several individuals who positively identified the body of John Wilkes Booth on board the 

USS Montauk. In 1866 he was court-martialed on charges of drunkenness while on duty. He was 

later stationed in Yokohama from 1869 to 1870. He died on January 3, 1874. Benjamin Carlton 

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©2012, Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum


Crowninshield (1835-1875) was born on April 2, 1835. He was a merchant and served as First 

Officer aboard the ship Horatio. He died on December 24, 1875. 

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE 

The Benjamin Crowninshield Family Papers include the shipping, business, and personal 

papers of Benjamin Crowninshield, his son Benjamin, Jr., and a series of other descendants of Jacob 

and Hannah Crowninshield. The bulk of the collection is made up of the writings of Benjamin 

Crowninshield, Jr, along with material related to the naval careers of Jacob Crowninshield (1799- 

1849) and his son, William Wallach Crowninshield (1823-1874). Finally, there is a significant 

amount of correspondence to and from Mary R. Crowninshield (1833-1916) along with papers of 

related families and friends. This collection has been arranged into six series. 

Series I. Benjamin Crowninshield (1758-1836) Papers include ships papers, Custom 

House papers, accounts and receipts, estate papers, correspondence, and personal papers. This series 

is arranged into three subseries. Subseries A. Ships Papers include a ledger, day book, and detailed 

invoice for a shipment of jewelry on the ship Prudent. The ledger includes disbursements and 

charges relating to the detention of Prudent at Algeciras in 1800-1801, along with accounts for the 

ship America at Reunion. The day book holds various personal accounts, including material on rental 

properties, and shipping accounts for the ships Prudent and America. Additional papers are included 

for the ships Alexander and Belisarius, the sloop Commerce, the brig Eunice, and the schooner 

Peggy. Subseries B. Business Records include Custom House papers documenting Benjamin’s 

work as collector for the Marblehead/Lynn district, along with folders for accounts and receipts and 

legal documents. Subseries C. Personal Papers include correspondence, the majority of which is 

made up of letters from William McLeod, a merchant agent that worked for Benjamin. There are 

also estate papers comprised of correspondence between executors John Crowninshield and 

Benjamin Merrill, along with notes, memos, and certificates from the Salem Marine Society, Essex 

Lodge, and the Bunker Hill Monument Association. 

Series II. Benjamin Crowninshield (1782-1864) Papers include correspondence, notes, 

and writings from 1785 to 1871.This series is arranged into two subseries. Subseries A. Personal 

Papers include correspondence, accounts and receipts, newspaper clippings, three commission 

merchant cards, notes, and a portrait, presumably of Benjamin Crowninshield himself. Of particular 

note in the correspondence is a draft letter by Benjamin dated 1804, describing a conversation with 

Thomas Jefferson and a letter from Thomas Paine concerning Benjamin’s subscription to “The 

Prospect” and current political affairs. Letters after 1810 are largely associated with efforts to obtain 

a military pension on behalf of his mother. Subseries B. Writings include journals, essays, reviews 

and collection writings. The New Orleans journals contain poetry and personal observation of the 

business climate and social character of that city. The journals written on board Cleopatra’s Barge 

describe the progress of the voyage and the cultures of various European localities. Although some 

sections of the journal are not bound in chronological order, this material represents the most 

complete first-hand account of the voyage available. Volume 1 of the Cleopatra’s Barge journal has 

been temporarily removed from the collection and is on exhibition in the Cleopatra’s Barge exhibit 

in the Putnam Gallery in the Peabody Essex Museum. The essays and reviews are on topics of 

science, history, philosophy, and a number of pages of notes and portions of other essays. Collected 

writings are published materials most likely used as sources for Benjamin’s own writings. 

Series III. Jacob Crowninshield (1732-1774) Papers include the personal and business 

papers of Jacob Crowninshield and his wife Hannah Carlton Crowninshield. This series is arranged 

into two subseries. Subseries A. Personal Papers include papers for the sloop Resolution, personal 



accounts, estate papers, and a certificate from the Salem Marine Society. Subseries B. Hannah 

Carlton Crowninshield (1734-1824) Papers include accounts, receipts, correspondence, Merchant 

Bank notes, legal papers and indentures. There is also an inventory of the estate of Samuel Carlton, 

Hannah’s father, and genealogical notes on the Carlton Family. 

Series IV. Jacob Crowninshield (1799-1849) Papers include the personal and business 

papers of Jacob Crowninshield and his wife Harriet Wallach Crowninshield. This series is arranged 

into two subseries. Subseries A. Personal Papers include his seaman’s papers, a letter book from 

Jacob’s time on various ships in the United States Navy, personal accounts and receipts, and a 

biography of his military service. Subseries B. Harriet Wallach Crowninshield (1802-1885) 

Papers includes correspondence concerning the settlement of her late husband Jacob’s affairs and 

efforts to procure a military pension for her. 

Series V. Mary R. Crowninshield (1831-1916) Papers includes correspondence and 

artwork created by Mary. This series is arranged into two subseries. Subseries A. Correspondence 

and Personal Papers include correspondence, papers related to her role as executrix of her uncle 

Benjamin Crowninshield Jr.’s estate, and her obituary published in the Buenos Aires Herald. 

Correspondence is arranged chronologically and includes letters from her sister Harriet W. “Daffy” 

Bartleman, her uncle James Armstrong, her nephew Richard M. Bartleman Jr., and her brother 

William W. Crowninshield. William’s correspondence concerns efforts to gain his release from 

Confederate custody in 1863 and from his time while stationed at Yokohama in 1869 to 1870. 

Richard M. Bartleman Jr.’s correspondence concerns his travels in South America, Spain, 

Switzerland, and Cuba and his work as United States Consul in Buenos Aires, Antigua, Malaga, 

Geneva, Valencia, Cadiz, Seville, Madrid, and Cienfuegos. Subseries B. Art Work includes 

autograph albums, a poetry copy book, and a drawing book from Mary’s childhood and teen years. 

Series VI. Crowninshield Family Papers include papers from various Crowninshield 

family members. This series has been arranged into five subseries. Subseries A. Hannah 

Crowninshield Armstrong (1789-1834) Papers include correspondence, receipts, and art work 

created by Hannah during her early adult life. Subseries B. Elizabeth Crowninshield Armstrong 

(1794-1870) Papers include correspondence, a drawing book, and a scrapbook of poems created by 

Elizabeth during her early adult life. Two of the items are inscribed with her alias, Ophelia 

Valenborg. Subseries C. William Wallach Crowninshield (1833-1874) Papers include ships 

papers, orders, correspondence, newspaper clippings, and a scrapbook of art work. Ships papers 

include the ships Bell of the West, USS Marblehead, USS Mayflower and USS Montauk. Official 

orders are from William’s time with the United States Navy. The newspaper clippings relate to the 

ironclads Monitor and Merrimac and their confrontation at Fort Monroe, Newport News, Virginia in 

1862, and the collision of corvette Oneida and steamer Bombay near Yokohama in 1870. Subseries 

D. Benjamin Carlton Crowninshield (1835-1875) Papers include ships’ papers for the bark 

Lyeemoon, the ship Horatio, and the brig Spec. Subseries F. Crowninshield Family Papers include 

various items from the Crowninshield family. When known, the items are arranged chronologically 

by creator. There is a discharge certificate for Jacob Crowninshield (b. 1843) from his service with 

the 5 th Massachusetts Regiment during the Civil War, correspondence and photographs of Edith 

Crane owned by Richard M. Bartleman, Jr., and correspondence from Harriet W. Barlteman. There 

is also a family narrative written by an unknown author. Unidentified items include diaries, lesson 

notebooks, prints, drawings, poetry, scrapbooks, and printed articles, newspapers, and pamphlets 

collected over the years. This material is arranged chronologically by subject. 

Series VII. Related Family Papers includes papers of friends and families related to the 

Crowninshields. This series is arranged into three subseries. Subseries A. Elizabeth Hodges Clark 

(1855-1932) Papers include correspondence to Elizabeth Hodges Clark, a cousin of Mary R. 

Crowninshield’s. The majority of the correspondence is from Mary and Harriet W. Bartleman. There 

Page 4 



is also correspondence from Lawrence W. Jenkins of the Peabody Museum and George Francis Dow 

of the Essex Institute that references possible donations from Miss Clark. Subseries B. Reverend 

William Bentley Papers include published sermons, sermon notes and two letters written by 

Reverend Bentley, one to James Madison in 1810 and the other to John Quincy Adams in 1817. 

Reverend Bentley was a close family friend to the Crowninshields. Subseries C. Wallach Family 

Papers includes the papers of Moses Wallach and Charles S. Wallach, relatives of Harriet Wallach 

Crowninshield. Letters from 1857 and 1859 are inquiries of the death of Joseph Abraham Wallach in 

Dutch Guiana (now known as the Republic of Surinam) in South America and the current state of his 

property. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RELATED COLLECTIONS 

Bentley, William. Diary of William Bentley, D. D. Salem, MA: Essex Institute, 1905-1914. 

Crowninshield, Francis Boardman. The Story of George Crowninshield’s Yacht Cleopatra’s Barge. 

Boston, Mass: Private Print, 1913. 

Cummings, Abbott Lowell. “The House and It’s People.” Essex Institute Historical Collections. 

Vol. 97. p. 82-97. 

Edwards, William C. and Edward Steers, Jr. The Lincoln Assassination: The Evidence. Champaign, 

Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. 

Ferguson, David L. Cleopatra’s Barge. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown & Co., 1976. 929.2 

Portraits of Shipmasters and Merchants in the Peabody Museum of Salem. Salem, Mass: Peabody 

Museum, 1939. 

Clifford Crowninshield Papers, 1692-1861, MSS 97, MH 17 

Crowninshield Family Papers, 1697-1909, MH 15, MSS 4 

Crowninshield Genealogy Charts, Mss. Gen. 

James Armstrong Papers, 1814-1868, MH 31 

USS St. Mary's (Sloop of War), logbook, Log 2124 



BENJAMIN CROWNINSHIELD (1758-1836) 

FAMILY PAPERS, 1757-1934, undated 

SERIES LIST 

SERIES I. Benjamin Crowninshield (1758-1836) Papers 

A. Ships Papers 

B. Business Records 

C. Personal Papers 

SERIES II. Benjamin Crowninshield (1782-1864) Papers 

A. Personal Papers 

B. Writings 

SERIES III. Jacob Crowninshield (1732-1774) Papers 


B. Hannah Carlton Crowninshield (1734-1824) Papers 

SERIES IV. Jacob Crowninshield (1799-1849) Papers 


B. Harriet Wallach Crowninshield (1802-1885) Papers 

SERIES V. Mary R. Crowninshield (1831-1916) Papers 

A. Correspondence and Personal Papers 

B. Art Work 

SERIES VI. Crowninshield Family Papers 

A. Hannah Crowninshield Armstrong (1789-1834) Papers 

B. Elizabeth Crowninshield Armstrong (1794-1870) Papers 

C. William Wallach Crowninshield (1833-1874) Papers 

D. Benjamin Carlton Crowninshield (1835-1875) Papers 

E. Crowninshield Family Papers 

SERIES VII. Related Family Papers 

A. Elizabeth Hodges Clark (1855-1932) Papers 

B. Reverend William Bentley Papers 

C. Wallach Family Papers 

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CONTENTS LIST 

SERIES I. Benjamin Crowninshield (1758-1836) Papers 

Box Folder Contents Date 

A. Ships Papers 

1 1 Prudent (Ship), papers 1800-1801, undated 

2 Prudent (Ship), ledger 1800-1805, 1885 

3 Prudent (Ship), day book 1799-1821 

4 Various ships papers, Alexander (Ship); Belisarius (Ship); 1788, 1798, 1813, 

Commerce (Sloop); Eunice (Brig); Peggy (Schooner) 1819 

B. Business Records 

1 5 Accounts and receipts 1783-1798, 

1810-1826 

6 Custom House papers 1780, 1823, 1828 

7 Legal documents 1796, 1810-1838, 

undated 

C. Personal Papers 

1 8 Correspondence 1801-1828, 

1835-1838, undated 

10(OS) 1 Estate papers 1817 

9 Estate papers 1836-1838 

10 Notes 1802, 1819, undated 

10(OS) 2 Memberships, Salem Marine Society and 1797, undated 

Essex Lodge membership [circa 1797] 

1 11 Certificates Bunker Hill Monument Association undated 

12 I Costumi Religioso undated 

SERIES II. Benjamin Crowninshield (1782-1864) Papers 


1 13 Correspondence 1803-1858, undated 

14 Accounts and receipts 1811, 1823-1826, 

undated 

10(OS) 3 Certificate, Salem East India Marine Society 1849 




2 1 Newspaper clippings and articles 1827-1828, 1840- 

1846, 1871, undated 

2 Commission merchant cards undated 

3 Notes undated 

4 Portrait undated 

B. Writings 

2 5 New Orleans journals 1816 

6 Cleopatra’s Barge journal, Vol. 1 [removed for exhibit] March-May 1817 

7 Cleopatra’s Barge journal, Vol. 2 June-August 1817 

8 Cleopatra’s Barge journal, 1817, transcript undated 

9 Essays and reviews undated 

10 Essays and reviews undated 

3 1 Essays and reviews undated 

2 Notebooks and pilot guide 1825, undated 

3 Miscellaneous writings undated 




4 1 Miscellaneous writings undated 

2 Collected writings by others 1785, undated 

SERIES III. Jacob Crowninshield (1732-1774) Papers 


4 3 Resolution (Sloop), papers 1760 

4 Accounts 1757, 1760-1774 

5 Deeds 1767, 1771 

10(OS) 4 Certificate, Salem Marine Society 1797 

4 6 Estate papers 1769, 1773-1790, 

undated 

B. Hannah Carlton Crowninshield (1734-1824) Papers 

4 7 Accounts and receipts 1780-1807, 1818 

8 Correspondence 1817, 1821, undated 

9 Merchants Bank notes 1812-1817, undated 

10 Legal papers 1812 

11 Carlton Family papers 1767, undated 

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SERIES IV. Jacob Crowninshield (1799-1849) Papers 


4 12 Seaman’s papers 1813 

13 Letter book, various ships 1843-1849 

14 Accounts and receipts 1848-1849 

15 Biography, typescript 1934 

B. Harriet Wallach Crowninshield (1802-1885) Papers 

4 16 Correspondence 1849-1867 

SERIES V. Mary R. Crowninshield (1831-1916) Papers 

A. Correspondence and Personal Papers 

5 1 Correspondence to Mary 1857-1874 

2 Correspondence to Mary 1890-1892 

3 Correspondence to Mary undated 

4 Correspondence from Mary 1863, 1910-1915 

5 Papers, death of uncle, Benjamin Crowninshield 1852, 1864-1865 

6 Christmas postcard to Arabella and Elizabeth H. Clark 1906 

7 Obituary 1916 

B. Art Work 

5 8 Autograph album and “Book of Rhymes for 

These Dull Times” 1845, 1805 

9 Autograph album 1845-1846 

10 Autograph album, from her uncle James Armstrong 1847-1857 

11 Poetry copy book 1847-1857 

12 Chapman’s American Drawing Book 1849 

SERIES VI. Crowninshield Family Papers 

A. Hannah Crowninshield Armstrong (1789-1834) Papers 

6 1 Hymn book 1814 

2 Correspondence and receipts 1819-1821 

3 Drawing of Episcopal Church at Bellows Falls, VT 1823 

4 Art book 1828 

5 Drawing of Benjamin Crowninshield undated 

6 Artwork, drawings undated 

7 Artwork, paintings undated 

8 “College Graces or Effects of Dots and Lines” undated 




B. Elizabeth Crowninshield Armstrong (1794-1870) Papers 

6 9 Correspondence 1834 

10 Drawing book undated [1815-1842] 

11 Scrapbook of poems, with alias Ophelia Valenborg undated [circa 1850s] 

C. William Wallach Crowninshield (1833-1874) Papers 

6 12 Ships’ papers, Belle of the West (Ship); USS Marblehead; 1849, 1855, 

USS Mayflower; USS Montauk 1865-1866 

13 Orders, Navy Department, official correspondence 1848-1868 

14 General correspondence 1849-1866, undated 

15 Transcript of court-martial 1866 

11(OS) Vol. 1 Scrapbook 1850 

10(OS) 5 United Grand Lodge membership 1872 

6 16 Newspaper clippings, copies 1863, 1870, 1872, 

undated 

17 Newspaper clippings [RESTRICTED] 1863, 1870, 1872, 

undated 

D. Benjamin Carlton Crowninshield (1835-1875) Papers 

7 1 Wallet, Benjamin C. Crowninshield 1853 

2 Ships’ papers, Carib (Ship); Horatio (Ship); 1860, 1863, 

Lyeemoon (Bark); Spec (Brig) 1872-1875 

Cab.2 Drawer 8 Lyeemoon (Bark) 1864 

E. Crowninshield Family Papers 

7 3 John Crowninshield (1696-1761): Papers 1727, undated 

4 Jacob Crowninshield (b. 1843): 5 th Regiment discharge 

certificate November 1864 

5 Richard M. Bartleman Jr. (b.1863): Correspondence 1891 

6 Richard M. Bartleman Jr. (b.1863): Photographs undated 

7 Harriet W. “Daffy” Bartleman (b.1839): Correspondence undated 

8 Crowninshield family narrative 1832 

10(OS) 6 Assessors count of inhabitants, Salem, MA 1784 

7 Hand-drawn plan, Boston, MA 1816 

8 USS Peacock, instructions for the officer of the watch 1825-1826 

9 Oversize legal documents 1700, 1736 

Page 10 




7 9 Legal documents 1766, 1848, undated 

10 Correspondence and notes 1817-1890, undated 

11 Notebooks, author unknown 1818 

12 Lesson notebooks 1808-1810, 

1819-1820, undated 

13 Almanac with notes 1858 

14 “The Naval Text Book” scrapbook 1840-1841 

15 Ships’ papers, Phoenix (Brig) and USS Porpoise 1825, undated 

16 Articles, pamphlets, and newspaper clippings 1800-1804, 1837, 

undated 

8 1 Poems undated [circa 1810], 

1844 

2 Poems 1847 

3 Drawings and silhouettes undated 

4 Scrapbook of prints undated [circa 1862] 

5 Prints undated 

10(OS) 10 Oversize prints undated 

Series VII. Related Family Papers 

A. Elizabeth Hodges Clark (1855-1932) Papers 

9 1 Correspondence 1905-1910 

2 Correspondence 1912-1917, undated 

3 Receipts 1909-1910 

10(OS) 11 List of articles stored at the Boston Navy Yard undated [circa 1908] 

B. Reverend William Bentley Papers 

9 4 Published sermons 1800, 1810 

5 Sermon notes undated 

6 Correspondence from Reverend Bentley James Madison 1810, 1817 

C. Wallach Family Papers 

9 7 Moses Wallach estate papers 1807-1839 

10(OS) 12 Moses Wallach estate papers 1807-1839 

9 8 Charles S. Wallach, correspondence 1849-1859 

9 Wallach Family correspondence undated

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